B Pair work Compare your responses to the survey.

Find two ways you and your partner are

different.
-I’m afraid of giving speeches in front of the class, how about you?
-So am I. I get so nervous when I have to give speeches in front of the class
-I don’t enjoy going to parties where I don’t know everyone, and you?
-Neither do I. I'm so shy
-I avoid expressing my feelings and ideas in public, and you?
-So do I. I don't like to express how I feel
- Sometimes insist on making my own decisions, how about you?
- So do I. But it'd depend what I'm going to do.
- I don’t mind giving up my time to help other people, how about you?
- Neither do I. I love helping other people
-I always worry about getting places on time, how about you?
-I honestly do not care about getting somewhere on time. Because I’m always late to everything.
-I never feel like going dancing, and you?
-Neither do I. but it's fun to go dancing sometimes.
-I can’t stand being in a messy, disorganized, and you?
-I don't like being in a messy disorganized room either. I like to keep my room very organized.
-I don’t like telling people how I feel, and you?
-I don’t mind telling people how I feel. If I feel like they are going to listen and take my feelings into
consideration.

A Which statement from the survey best matches these personality traits?
Write the correct number. Then compare answers with a partner.
2 a. friendly and outgoing 5 d. kind and generous 7 g. wild and crazy
4 b. strong and independent 9 e. honest and sincere 1 h. calm and cool
6 c. laid-back and relaxed 3 f. shy and reserved 8 i. neat and tidy
A Look at the Starting Point on page 2 again. Can you find other expressions that are followed by
gerunds? Which of them can also be followed by infinitives?
I'm not afraid of giving speeches in front of the class.
I never worry about getting places on time.
I prefer telling people how I feel, even if it's embarrassing.

B Pair work How do you feel about these things? Discuss your answers using
verbs or expressions followed by gerunds and infinitives.
1. tell people that I'm angry with them
I usually avoid telling people that I’m angry with them
2. help with chores around the house
I love helping with chores around the house
3. listen to people's personal problems
I don’t mind listening to people’s personal problems
4. eat a full meal late at night
I usually avoid eating a full meal late at night
5. start conversations with people I don't know
I usually avoid starting conversations with people I don’t know
6. go to places where I have to use English
I really enjoy going to places where I have to use English

The most similar person to me is Linda because I’m shy and reserved, I really love watching
old movies specially movies from 80s and 90s.

A Listen to Marcos and Heather talk about how they have changed over the last five years.
How did they change? Complete the chart with the expressions from the box.
kind and generous friendly and outgoing shy and reserved wild and crazy
 Used to be has become
wild and crazy kind and generous

Shy and reserved friendly and outgoing

B Listen again. Choose the person you think would be more likely to do each of
these things this weekend.
Marcos Heather
1. stay out late at a big party
2. stay at home and watch TV
3. help someone with a personal problem
4. invite a friend to a funny movie

How I’ve changed How I´d like to change

Habits The way I talk to myself Id like to change the accepting
kindness from others
Personality I´ve become more reserved in I´d like to change how allow
Who I share personal information others to treat me
with
Likes and dislikes I like to be more open to different I would like to change how I
types of people. I dislike people treat people
being mean. I would like to enjoy
being alone more.

B Pair work Compare your charts.

Ask follow-up questions.
▪ Me: How have you changed and what do you want to change now?
▪ She: I used to be disorganized but now I’m tidy
▪ Me: What made you change?
▪ She: It stressed me when I couldn’t find something that I was looking. How have you changed
and what do you want to change now?
▪ Me: Well, I used to be wild and crazy but now I'm more kind and generous, love helping
people and feeding stray dogs.
▪ She: What made you change?
▪ Me: Well, I realized that I had to change the way I was living my life because it wasn't going to
take me to good things.
I think that my most positive quality is that I'm always pretty calm and cool,
especially when something breaks. I'm really into solving tricky problems
and finding solutions to things. My specialty is electronics. People come to
me if something goes wrong with their computers or phones. For example,
two days ago, my dad's brand new tablet suddenly froze up. He was afraid
of causing more damage, so he asked me to figure out the problem. It only
took me 15 minutes to fix it, and I loved doing it!

My most negative quality is that I'm not very

neat and tidy. Sometimes I worry about being so
disorganized, but I never feel like doing anything
about it. My apartment is always a mess, so I
can never find anything. Last week, for example,
I finished doing some homework and then
started to make dinner. In the morning, I couldn't
find my assignment anywhere, so I had to redo
it. I really want to change my bad habits, but I
don't know where to start.

B Think about your own personal qualities. Make a list. Then decide which
quality is the most positive and which is the most negative. Circle each one
.
• Charismatic • Persistent
• Enthusiastic • Considerate
• Impatient • Cheerful
• Honest • Optimistic
• Loyal • Silly
• Devoted • Affectionate
• Loving • Funny
• Kind • Talkative
• Sincere • Fidgety
• Happy • Reliable
• Faithful • Determined
• Patient
The most positive is kind The most negative is impatient
C Write a paragraph about either your most positive or your most negative
quality. Make sure your paragraph has only one main idea.

My most positive characteristic is kindness. I believe that kindness is important for every person.
Kindness does not take money or time to do. You just need to make sure what you say and do can
benefit someone else. That is why Kindness is my positive characteristic
 • In a two-income family, both the parents work.
• In an extended family, parents, children, and grandparents live in the same house.
• A nuclear family has only parents and children. A nuclear family might also be a two-income
family, but it can´t be an extended family.

B Pair work What are some more advantages and disadvantages of each type
of family in part A? Compare ideas.
The advantages of being the Watson family is that they have enough money to take care of your
family. The disadvantage is that they do not get to spend a lot of time with family members.

The advantages of being in the Wang family is that there are people to take care of the kids if needed
or if something happens to grandma she’s nearby. The disadvantages is that there is no privacy for
the family.

The advantages of being the Patel family is that they are very close and get to know each other very
well. The disadvantage is that is hard for four people to share one bathroom when everyone Hass to
get ready for the day

A Listen to Paul and Andrea talk about their families. What kind of family did
each person grow up in? How have their families changed?
• Andrea grew up in a small nuclear family. Now that she’s married, her family is much larger,
although her in-laws don’t live with her.
• Paul grew up in an extended family. When his grandparents passed away, his family became
a nuclear one with just his parents and siblings.
B Listen again. Match the people on the left with the phrases on the right.
1. Andrea b a. has two daughters.
2. Andrea's husband c b. doesn't know her in-laws very well.
3. Andrea's sister-in-law f c. has three brothers.
4. Paul's sister a d. is looking forward to seeing the family.
5. Paul d e. will be cooking for 12 people.
6. Paul's mother e f. is a law student.

C Pair work Is your family similar to Paul's or Andrea's? How is it similar?

How is it different?
My family is like Paul’s because my grandparents live close. It is different because my grandparents
never lived with me.

A Look at the Starting Point on page 6 again. Can you find the noun clause in the
last paragraph? Which preposition is used in the first part of the sentence?
➢ Noun clause: (that) there’s only one bathroom
➢ Preposition: about

B Combine the sentences. Then compare answers with a partner.

1. I'm the youngest in the family. The nice thing is I get a lot of attention.
The nice thing about being the youngest in the family is that I get a lot of attention.
2. I have a younger sister. The trouble is she always wants to borrow my clothes.
The trouble with having a younger sister is that she always wants to borrow my clothes.
3. I'm away at college. The bad part is that I miss my family.
The bad part about being away at college is that I miss my family
4. I work at night. The worst thing is I can't have dinner with my family.
The worst thing about working at night is that can't have dinner with my family.
5. I'm the oldest in the family. One bad thing is that I always have to babysit.
One bad thing about being the oldest in the family is that I always have to babysit.

C Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

Then compare answers with a partner.
1. An advantage of being a twin is ...
that you always have someone to hang out with.
2. A problem with being an only child is ...
You never have anyone to play with.
3. One benefit of being the oldest is ...
That you can be the boss of your siblings
4. A big disadvantage of having an older sibling is ...
That you can get blamed for everything the siblings do wrong.
5. The best thing about having a big family is ...
You are surrendered by people who support you and have your back
1. Your great-aunt is b a. your father's or mother's grandmother.
2. Your granddaughter is c b. your mother's or father's aunt.
3. Your sister-in-law is d c. your son's or daughter's daughter.
4. Your great-grandmother is a d. your wife's or husband's sister, or your brother's wife

B Pair work Which of the family members in the box can be combined with a prefix or
suffix in the chart? Complete the chart with a partner. What does each term mean?
Aunt daughter mother niece son
brother father nephew sister uncle
great - grand- great-grand- -in-law
aunt daughter mother brother
nephew aunt daughter father
niece father father daughter
uncle mother son mother
nephew sister
niece Son
son
uncle

They were celebrating victor´s grandmother´s 80th birthday.

B Listen again. In addition to Victor, who else was at the reunion? Select the people mentioned.

1. his grandfather 4. his sister-in-law 7. his mother-in-law

2. his uncle's cousin 5. his niece 8. his cousin
3. his brother 6. his son 9. friends of the family
B Read the article and answer the questions. Then compare answers with a partner.
1. In what ways does Watter’s circle of friends function as a family?
They take on the responsibilities of family members, like connecting him to the city, being
matchmakers, and helping him to find jobs and places to live.
2. According to the article, what are some differences between a tribe and a family?
A tribe often grows out of shared interest and experiences. You can choose the people in your tribe.
3. How does a group of friends become a tribe?
A group of friends becomes a tribe when they begin treating each other as a family.

C Group work Discuss these questions. Then share your answers with the class.
1. What are some advantages and disadvantages of relying on friends for family-like support?
Advantages of relying on friends for support are they can help you cope with trauma, they can help
you through your problems, they can offer advice, and they can be supportive and caring. Some
disadvantages include friends can change through the years or they sometimes do not care about
you as much as your family does.

2. Do you consider yourself a member of a modern tribe? Why or why not?

I do not think I am a member of a modern tribe because I do not have many close friends. I only talk
to the friends I do have every once in a while.