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199 Department of Civil Engineering

This document discusses fluid properties and provides examples of applying Bernoulli's equation to calculate flow rates and pressures in different scenarios. It includes examples calculating discharge from a fire engine tank, flow through a siphon, power output of a turbine, pump power and pressure, and applications of Bernoulli's equation like in venturimeters and orificemeters. The examples showcase using continuity and Bernoulli's equations to relate pressure, flow velocity, and elevation at different points in pipes and tanks.

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MARSDEN RONNY
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views

199 Department of Civil Engineering

This document discusses fluid properties and provides examples of applying Bernoulli's equation to calculate flow rates and pressures in different scenarios. It includes examples calculating discharge from a fire engine tank, flow through a siphon, power output of a turbine, pump power and pressure, and applications of Bernoulli's equation like in venturimeters and orificemeters. The examples showcase using continuity and Bernoulli's equations to relate pressure, flow velocity, and elevation at different points in pipes and tanks.

Uploaded by

MARSDEN RONNY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Properties

• The closed tank of a fire engine is partly filled with water, the air space abovebeing under pressure. A 6 cm bore connected to the tank
discharges on the roof of a building 2.5 m above the level of water in the tank. The friction losses are 45 cm of water. Determine the air
pressure which must be maintained in the tank to deliver 20 litres/sec. on the roof
• Solution. Refer to Fig. 6.19 Given: Diameter of hose pipe d = 6 cm = 0.06 m; Friction, hf = 45 cm or 0.45 m of water

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Fluid Properties

• A siphon consisting of a pipe of 12cm diameter is used to empty kerosene oil (Sp. gr. = 0.8) from the tank A. The siphon discharges to the
atmosphere at an elevation of 1.2 m. The oil surface in the tank is at an elevation of 4.2 m. The centre line of the siphon pipe at its highest
• point C is at an elevation of 5.7 m. Determine: (i) The discharge in the pipe (ii) The pressure at point C. The losses in the pipe may be
assumed to be 0.45 m up to summit and 1.25m from the summit to the outlet.
• Solution. Consider points 1 and 2 at the surface of the oil in the tank A and at the outlet as shown in Fig. 6.20. The velocity V1 can be
assumed to be zero. Applying Bernoulli’s equation at points 1 and 2, we get:

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Fluid Properties

• A turbine has a supply line of diameter 45 cm and a tapering draft tube asshown in Fig. 6.22. When the flow in the pipe is 0.6 m3/s the
pressure head at point L upstream of the turbine is 35 m and at a point M in the draft tube, where the diameter is 65 cm, the pressure
head is – 4.1 m. Point M is 2.2 m below the point L. Determine the power output of the turbine by assuming 92% efficiency.

• ∴ HT = 41.86 m
• Power output of the turbine, P = wQHT × η
• = 9.81 × 0.6 × 41.86 × 0.92 = 226.68 kW (Ans.)

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Fluid Properties

• Fig. shows a pump drawing a solution (specific gravity =1.8) from a storage tank through an 8 cm steel pipe in which the flow velocity is 0.9
m/s. The pump discharges through a 6 cm steel pipe to an overhead tank, the end of discharge is 12 m above the level of the solution in
the feed tank. If the friction losses in the entire piping system are 5.5 m and pump efficiency is 65 per cent, determine: (i) Power rating of
the pump. (ii) Pressure developed by the pump.
• Solution. Given: d2 = 8 cm or 0.08 m; d3 = 6 cm or 0.06 m; V2 = 0.9 m/s, ηpump = 65%
• (i) Power rating of the pump:
• From continuity equation, we have:
• A2V2 = A3V3

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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI’S EQUATION

• Bernoulli’s equation is applicable in all problems of incompressible flow where there is involvement of energy considerations but here we
shall discuss its applications in the following measuring devices:
• 1. Venturimeter
• 2. Orificemeter
• 3. Rotameter and elbow meter
• 4. Pitot tube.

• Venturimeter
• A venturimeter is one of the most important practical applications of Bernoulli’s theorem. It is an instrument used to measure the rate of
discharge in a pipeline and is often fixed permanently at different sections of the pipeline to know the discharges there.
• A venturimeter has been named after the 18th century Italian engineer Venturi.
• Types of venturimeters:
• Venturimeters may be classified as follows:
• 1. Horizontal venturimeters.
• 2. Vertical venturimeters.
• 3. Inclined venturimeters.
• Horizontal venturimeters
• A venturimeter consists of the following three parts:
• (i) A short converging part,
• (ii) Throat, and
• (iii) Diverging part.

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Expression for rate of flow: venturimeters

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