MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION
TECHNOLOGY
Under the Guidance of
DR. RESHMA FARHAT
Assistant Professor, ICCMRT

Submitted in Partial
Fulfillment for the award of Degree of
NAME AND
Master of Business Administration LOGO
from
OF ORGANIZATION
Dr. A PJ Abdul Kalama Technical University, Lucknow

Submitted by
DEEKSHA
Roll No. 2001240700043
MBA IInd Semester, ICCMRT

INSTITUTEOF CO-OPERATIVE & CORPORATE

I
 Phone: 2716431, 2716092

Fax: (0522) 2716092

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.iccmrt.ac.in

Institute of Co-operative & Corporate management, Research and

Training

467, Sector-21, Institutional area, Ring Road, Indira Nagar , Lucknow- 226016

bULVhV~;wV vkQ dksvkijsfVo ,.M dkiksZjsV

eSustesUV] fjlpZ ,.M Vªsfuax

467] lsDVj&21] fjax jksM] bfUnjkuxj] y[kuÅ & 226016

Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that DEEKSHA a student of Master of Business Administration

(MBA) Programme Batch 2020-22 at this Institute has conducted a research project

titled “A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY" under my

guidance during the 2nd semester. The report has been prepared towards partial fulfilment

for the award of MBA degree from Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University. The

research project report is the original contribution of the student.

The research project report is hereby recommended and forwarded for evaluation

( Dr. Reshma Farhat)

I, DEEKSHA, a student of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Programme at

the Institute of Co- operative & Corporate Management Research and Training,

Lucknow, U.P. hereby declare that all the information, facts and figures used in this

research project titled “A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION

TECHNOLOGY” have been collected by me. I also declare that this project report has

been prepared by me and the same has never been submitted by the undersigned either in

part or in full to any other University or Institute or published earlier.

This information is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

(DEEKSHA) 2001240700043

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“Acknowledgement is an art, one can write glib stanzas without meaning a word, on

the other hand one can make a simple expression of gratitude”

I owe many thanks to many people who have helped and supported me during the writing

of this report. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. RAJEEV

YADAV, Director ICCMRT, and PROF Dr.K Anbumani, Principal ICCMRT

Lucknow for their valuable support for the completion of my research report.

I would also thanks Dr. Reshma Farhat, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, faculty guide for

guiding and correcting various documents with attention and care without whom this

research report would have been a distant reality. I would like to thank all faculty

members‟ for their support and guidance, thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at

ICCMRT, for their support.

I would also like to thank all those respondents who helped me in doing survey and my

library without which this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my

heartfelt thanks to my family , friends and well-wishers.

(DEEKSHA) 2001240700043

III
 PREFACE

A Professional course in Master of Business Administration is incomplete unless the

theoretical knowledge required in the class room is backed up by practical exposure as

theories alone do not give perfection to any discipline. The gap between theory and

practiced is bridged by the market research report, which has been an integral part of

the syllabus. This present research project report is an image of what I have done and

observed during my final research project in “A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE

EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY”

I have tried my level best to be as a systematic as possible and to avoid plagiarism.

IV
 Index

S.NO Table of Content PAGE

1-: FRONT PAGE I

5-: PREFACE V
6-: INTRODUCTION 1-3
7-: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-7
8-: THE INDUSTRY 8-16
9-: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 17-19
10-: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20-23
11-: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 24-40
12-: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 41-46
13-: RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS 47-55
14-: BIBLIOGRAPHY 56
16-: KEYWORDS 57
Chapter-1

1|Page
 Introduction

“Engaging and Empowering Learning Through Technology”

To be successful in our daily lives and in a global workforce, Students need pathways to

acquire expertise and form meaningful connections to peers and mentors. This journey begins

with a base of knowledge and abilities that can be augmented and enhanced throughout our

lives. Fortunately, advances in learning sciences have provided new insights into how people

learn. Technology can be a powerful tool to reimagine learning experiences on the basis of

those insights. Historically, a learner’s educational opportunities have been limited by the

resources found within the walls of a school. Technology-enabled learning allows learners to

tap resources and expertise anywhere in the world, starting with their own communities. For

example:

 With high-speed internet access, a student interested in learning computer science can

take the course online in a school that lacks the budget or a faculty member with the

appropriate skills to teach the course.

 Learners struggling with planning for college and careers can access high-quality

online mentoring and advising programs where resources or geography present

challenges to obtaining sufficient face-to-face mentoring.

 With mobile data collection tools and online collaboration platforms, students in a

remote geographic area studying local phenomena can collaborate with peers doing

similar work anywhere in the world.

 A school with connectivity but without robust science facilities can offer its students

virtual chemistry, biology, anatomy, and physics labs—offering students learning

experiences that approach those of peers with better resources.

2|Page
  Students engaged in creative writing, music, or media production can publish their

work to a broad global audience regardless of where they go to school.

These opportunities expand growth possibilities for all students while affording historically

disadvantaged students’ greater equity of access to high-quality learning materials, expertise,

personalized learning, and tools for planning for future education. Such opportunities also can

support increased capacity for educators to create blended learning opportunities for their

students, rethinking when, where, and how students completely different components of a

learning experience. Innovation and educational technology are primarily concerned with

making use of modern and scientific teaching-learning methods and instructional strategies in

the system of education. In the present existence, the use of technologies has acquired

prominence. The instructors and students are making use of internet on a comprehensive

scale to generate information in terms of various aspects and augment their understanding. In

addition, they are making of computers to prepare their assignments and projects. The

individuals are able to become well-equipped with technologies with thorough practice. Apart

from technologies the other innovative methods used in the teaching-learning processes are,

charts, maps, models, textbooks, and other reading materials. Through making use of these

technologies and materials, instructors are putting into operation various kinds of

instructional strategies that are necessary to augment student learning. The different kinds of

instructional strategies include, giving Power Point presentations, reading and providing

explanations, providing explanations through making use of charts, models and maps and so

forth. Innovation and educational technology can help in bringing about transformations in

instructional strategies.

3|Page
Chapter-2

4|Page
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The review of related literature for this study was conducted to identify the E-Content

teaching and coaching institutional as well as participative, that has been used in prior

research to better understand student participation or dropout in E-Content teaching and

coaching. The review is organized into two main sections. The first section of the literature

review investigates the concept of directed effort, as comprised of decision and motivation.

An entire section of the literature review has been devoted to video content conceptual

framework for this study. The review of related literature was confined to libraries of

Department of Library and Information Science, Department of physical Education,

Department of Educational Technology of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli,

Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education (LNUPE), Gwalior, Mayor

Radhakrishnan Stadium, Chennai, Y.M.C.A College of Physical Education, Chennai

Elayaraja et al., (2010)

Investigated the effect of InteractiveMultimedia (IMM) on teaching Basic Anatomy among

Bachelor degrees students. The result revealed that there was a signification difference

between traditional method of teaching group (TMT) and interactive multimedia based

modular of teaching group (IMM) in teaching the Basic Anatomy among the selected

Physical Education students. It was observed that the IMM group scored (70.25 ± 2.998)

better marks than the TMT group (50.75 ± 2.89).

Chandrasekaran et al., (2010)

Conducted a study to emphasis the quality learning with developmental aspect in fitness and

sports performance among the sports interested community as large, by means of e-resources.

The principle of specificity stated that training should mirror the demands of the sport as

5|Page
closely as possible. This applied not only to way the body’s energy systems and

neuromuscular system was taxed, i.e., through manipulation of intensity and rest intervals

etc., but also to the movement patterns of each exercise. The advances in networking and

communication technology had made the information services available to the users on their

desktop. The features inbuilt in the search and retrieval of these resources had made the usage

to the maximum. In sports and fitness is concern, the website “Sports Fitness Advisor-

Scientifically Basket Fitness Advice for Sports & Life” is one of the e-sources which provide

elements of fitness, sports specific fitness including the team based sports, individualized

sports events as well as the combative sports. This information’s are drawn from this e-book

resource that provides a multi range of subject-matter. Particularly the information such as

various animated training programs, data based information for fitness aspects, video based

visualized programs – all that make it suitable for access by any sports persons and sports

related personals including the general public. Through this web page one can develop their

fitness and sports specific performance too.

(Zhang, 2010)

This paper analyzed the physical education informationization with literature, questionnaires,

interviews, statistics for the number of regular colleges and universities, The results showed

that the current physical education in higher education infrastructure was inadequate; less

attention to diversified physical education; gap between physical education

informationization and other disciplines teaching; teachers of physical education had to

enhance their own capacity of computer applications; gap between sports teaching method

and the current requirement of college students. Therefore, all colleges and universities

should strive to improve the methods of physical education so as top-grade the level of

modernization.

6|Page
(Huang et al., 2010)

To establish a Sports E-learning Platform in order to provide athletic related teaching

materials, such as physical motions and exercise rules. The platform could integrate the

Multimedia teaching materials which include video and 2D animation. Multimedia contents

of teaching material not only increased the learning efficient but also the interesting of

learning, especially in the area of Physical Education. The design concept of our works was

based on ADDIE model of ISD (Instruction System Design) theory with the purposes of

analysis, design, Development, implementation, & evaluation. Via the usage of this physical

education E-learning platform, we hoped to let players perform efficient self-learning for

sports skills, indirectly foster mutual help, cooperation, nice norms of law-abiding via the

learning of athletic rules, and become skilled at accurate recreation knowledge & first aid

expertise. Moreover, coaches could use this system as a teaching facility.

7|Page
CHAPTER-3

8|Page
 The Industry

2.1 The Industry Scenario

Increasing penetration of internet in many regions across the globe is a major factor driving

the market growth. Growing adoption of cloud-based solutions coupled with huge

investments by major market players towards enhancing the security and reliability of cloud-

based education platforms, is further increasing its adoption among the end-users. Presence of

a large number of service and content providers in the market is bringing huge volumes of

educational content online.

The global online education market is projected to witness a CAGR of 9.23% during the

forecast period to reach a total market size of US$319.167 billion in 2025, increasing from

US$187.877 billion in 2019. Increasing penetration of internet in many regions across the

globe is a major factor driving the market growth.

Declining hosting cost and growing need for accessing educational content is further fueling

the adoption of this technology, thus augmenting the market growth. Advancements in the

field of artificial intelligence and rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) will continue to

enhance the user experience on these online education platforms, which is anticipated to spur

the market growth throughout the forecast period. Increased effectiveness of animated

learning along with flexibility in learning are some other factors contributing to the growth of

online education by academic institutions. Lack of competent staff in various schools and

colleges across the developing nations is also resulting in the adoption of online education by

the students. Support and funds from the governments is another major driver for the growth

of the industry. By type, the global online education market is segmented as online education

by academic institutions and by corporate sector. With the increasing number of students in

academic institutions and regular need to up skill and provide industry relevant training to the

9|Page
staff, the academic institutions as well as corporate need to come up with the options that

allow individuals to learn anytime from anywhere. With the increasing number of the

students and the cost effectiveness of online education many educational institutes are

integrating face-to-face learning with online learning at all levels of education. For instance,

Berkeley University of California recently partnered with edX to offer Data 8 course online

for no cost which was earlier limited to the few who got admissions in the institute.

Colleges and universities across the globe are frequently providing new MOOCs as well as

distance learning courses. An upsurge in tuition fees and high interest on education loans in

both developed and developing countries has raised the cost of getting campus education

which is continuously shifting the trend towards online learning solutions, thus, positively

impacting the demand for LMS across this universities and colleges.

Online education industry will be a $1.96 billion industry  by 2021  according  to a research

conducted by KPMG, along with insights from Google search. The report finds that the

paid user base will  grow 6X from 1.6 million users in 2016 to 9.6 million users in 2021.

There are five major categories of education with potential for significant online adoption.

Reskilling and online certification courses currently accounts for a significant part of the

online education market in India with a share of 38%. This is largely driven by a healthy

adoption rate amongst the significant population of IT professionals in India. However, with

an estimated ~280 million students expected to be enrolled in schools by 2021 and increasing

adoption amongst this target audience, online primary and secondary supplemental education

is expected to be the dominant category of courses with a 39% market share in 2021. At the

same time, online test preparation is expected to be the fastest growing category of online

education, estimated to grow at an impressive CAGR of 64% in the next five years.

10 | P a g e
2.2 Well Known Players in India

India suffers from skewed pupil-to-teacher ratio, which is rising and it compromises a

complete learning experience for students in schools. And hence, these technology-driven

learning apps are using gaming elements, such as point-scoring and interaction with others,

personalization, and data-driven insights to help boost the learning process for students and

sharpen their basics in various subjects. They are revolutionizing the learning process and

helping students in many ways to perform better in classrooms. EdTech start-ups are

emerging as a major business industry in India. The education sector in India is estimated at

US$ 91.7 billion in FY18 and is expected to reach $101.1 Billion in FY19. Let’s see some of

the start-ups in Education sector in India which are gradually emerging and changing the

world regarding education scene in India. Below is the list of best EdTech start-ups in India.

List of Ed – Tech Companies of India

 Byju’s

 Toppr

 Vedantu

 Meritnation

 Unacademy

 UpGrad

and many more like these.

11 | P a g e
2.3 Brief Introduction about some Ed-Tech Companies in India

1. BYJU’S – Think & Learn Private Limited

BYJU’S is a EdTech start-ups in Bangalore, which was founded by Byju Raveendran in

2011. Its current total equity is $5.4 billion.  BYJU’S has also won many awards like CRISIL

Emerging India Award and Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Award, and is available on Android

and iOS platform.

BYJU’S Classes is a learning app that provides coaching for competitive entrance exams like

IIT-JEE, CAT, UPSC, GMAT, GRE, Engineering & Medical, and supplement courses of

grades 6th to 12th. BYJU’S offers online courses and tablet classes with multi-test and

assignment solutions, personal feedback and in-depth analysis. After the use of BYJU’S app,

93% of parents reported a marked improvement in their children’s performance in grades,

according to the company. BYJU'S has 15 million registered users with 9 lakh taking annual

paid subscriptions and an 85% renewal rate. The average app engagement rate, as reported by

the company, is 53 minutes per day.

2.Toppr – Haygot Education Private Limited

12 | P a g e
Toppr is a Mumbai-based company founded by Zishaan Hayath in 2013. The Toppr app

includes goal-based learning, adaptive question practice, performance report, concept sheets

and previous year question papers. It also offers courses for medical and engineering

examinations, board examinations, and Olympiads.

Toppr is an online exam preparation platform for K-5 to K-12 students focused on school

curriculum syllabus and entrance examinations like JEE, UPSC, NEET, SAT, etc. It offers

structured courses that feature interactive video lectures, practice question sets, doubt

clearing by professionals and all India test series

3.Vedantu – Vedantu Innovation Private Limited

Vedantu is India’s leading Online tutoring company which enables students to learn LIVE

with some of India’s best-curated teachers. Vedantu’s USP is its quality of teachers. It has

some 500+ teachers who have taught more than 1 Million hours to 40,000+ students spread
13 | P a g e
across 1000+ cities from 30+ countries. Vedantu is founded by IITian friends who have been

teachers themselves with over 13 years of teaching experience and having taught over 10,000

students. Vedantu’s founders VMSI Krishna, Anand Prakash, and Pulkit Jian did their first

venture in education, Lakshya, in 2006 which later got acquired by a listed company called

MT Educare (Mahesh Tutorials) in 2012. As part of Lakshya, the founders taught and

mentored more than 10,000 students and trained more than 200 teachers between them.

4.Meritnation - Applect Learning Systems Private Limited

Meritnation is an online education start-up based in Delhi which was founded by Pavan

Chauhan in 2008. It has grown to be one the most useful websites for online education. They

provide learning content for students for classes 1st to 12th – CBSE, ICSE and leading state

boards.

Meritnation provides its users with study material, tests, proficiency tests and Olympiad

packs. It has a complete social network experience for education and the app also tracks

every student’s progress and displays personalized recommendations along with analytical

data reports to point out strength and improvements areas.

Meritnation.Com was acquired by Aakash Educational Services for ₹500M on Jan 4,

2020.5.Unacademy - Sorting Hat Technologies Private Limited

14 | P a g e
Unacademy is an EdTech companies in Bangalore which has online learning marketplace for

courses which was founded by Heemash Singh, Sachin Gupta and Gaurav Munjal. The

YouTube channel was shifted to an online learning platform in 2015. Although you will still

find many learning videos on their YouTube Channel.

Started as a YouTube channel by Hemaash Singh in 2010, Unacademy is now a famous name

in the education technologies market of India. Unacademy is one of e learning start-ups in

India. Unacademy has provided lessons to more than 30,00,000 (3 million) students. They

have tied up with some of the most famous and experienced teachers to teach the students.

You will find over 2400 online courses. Most of the courses are free on this platform,

however, you might have to pay for certification.

Unacademy has a goal of providing all the education in the world for free and it has ventured

into numerous fields like Banking, CA, CAPF, UPSC, CLAT, CAT, JEE, Pre-Medical and

more. The video tutorials are available in various languages and the students can follow

tutors and get courses from them directly on their homepage. Their majority of the business

model runs on the Plus Subscription feature on their platform

6.UpGrad – UpGrad Education Private Limited

15 | P a g e
UpGrad is an online EdTech platform that provides higher education programs. They provide

an immersive learning experience with the latest technology and well-designed courses.

UpGrad was founded in 2015 by Ronnie Screwvala, Mayank Kumar, Phalgum Komapalli

and Ravijot Chugh.

UpGrad began in 2015 with the conviction that in an ever-changing industry, professionals

need to continuously upskill themselves in order to stay relevant. Since then we have always

focused on building a great online learning experience by collaborating with the right

universities and industry partners. We then steadily built a strong support system around our

learners. Starting with our first program in Entrepreneurship, UpGrad has created some of

India’s largest online programs to help thousands of professionals achieve their career goals

in the areas of data technology, and management.

16 | P a g e
CHAPTER-4

17 | P a g e
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Well-defined objectives of research are an essential component of successful research

engagement. If you want to drive all aspects of your research methodology such as data

collection, design, analysis and recommendation, you need to lay down the objectives of

research methodology. In other words, the objectives of research should address the

underlying purpose of investigation and analysis. It should outline the steps you’d take to

achieve desirable outcomes. Research objectives help you stay focused and adjust your

expectations as you progress.

The objectives of research should be closely related to the problem statement, giving way to

specific and achievable goals. Here are the four types of research objectives for you to

explore:

1. General Objective

Also known as secondary objectives, general objectives provide a detailed view of the

aim of a study. In other words, you get a general overview of what you want to achieve

by the end of your study. For example, if you want to study an organization’s

contribution to environmental sustainability, your general objective could be: a study

of sustainable practices and the use of renewable energy by the organization.

2. Specific Objectives

Specific objectives define the primary aim of the study. Typically, general objectives

provide the foundation for identifying specific objectives. In other words, when general

objectives are broken down into smaller and logically connected objectives, they’re

known as specific objectives. They help define the who, what, why, when and how

aspects of your project. Once you identify the main objective of research, it’s easier to

develop and pursue a plan of action.

18 | P a g e
Let’s take the example of ‘a study of an organization’s contribution to environmental

sustainability’ again. The specific objectives will look like this:

 To determine through history how the organization has changed its practices and

adopted new solutions

 To assess how the new practices, technology and strategies will contribute to the

overall effectiveness

19 | P a g e
CHAPTER-5

20 | P a g e
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1 Objective of the research:

To understand the perception and awareness of the masses towards online education.

Understand preference towards online or offline education on the basis of

drivers, barriers, preference to teaching methodology, payment options, etc.

5.2 Research methodology: This study, was performed in multiple stages:

Phase 1:
Qualitative
focus
GD/Interviews
& so on Exploratory
searches insights
(Qualitative
analysis)
Thorough
understanding
of online
education users
and non users
Quantified
insights
Phase 2:
Quantitativ (Quantitati
ve analysis)
e searches

PHASE 1: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Qualitative research was undertaken to analyses key triggers, barriers and perception

among online and offline users.

21 | P a g e
 • Methodology: Focused group discussions and interviews collection from

web search.

• User segments covered: Users opting for higher education

(online)- females, Users opting for higher education (online)-

females, users for online certification courses- males, group of

offline users- males, primary and secondary education users

(offline)- females, vocational training users (offline)- females

PHASE 2: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS VIA ONLINE SURVEYS SEARCHES

Based on inputs from Phase 1, a quantitative survey searches were conducted

to gauge different aspects of consumer behavior across online users, offline

users and intenders of online education.

• Methodology : Around 300 participated in online surveys

conducted across Agra, Lucknow, Kanpur, Barielly, Delhi,

Gorakhpur, Varanasi etc.

• Online Surveys was conduct by Google – KPMG Researches for

Online Education

5.3 Sources

1. Primary research

 Discussion with industry experts and key players conducted by

KPMG in India – Opted from Web Search

2. Secondary research

22 | P a g e
 Annual reports of leading players in the industry

 Reports published on the Indian education system,

published by the MHRD and third-party sources

 Industry journals and magazines

 Company press releases

23 | P a g e
CHAPTER-6

24 | P a g e
 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

6.1 Education Landscape in India

India has a multi-layered formal education system with ~ 260 million students enrolled in

more than 1.5 million schools and ~ 39,000 colleges catering to 27.5 million under graduate

and for million post graduate students. Formal education includes primary and secondary

schools, graduation, post- graduation and diploma courses. Schools are governed by state and

central bodies, viz. CBSE, ICSE, state and international boards. India has one of the largest

higher education systems in the world, primarily dominated by private sectors. Higher

education in India though governed by UGC has a 3- tier structure comprising the university,

college and course. Different regulatory bodies such as Medical Council of India (MCI), All

India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the Bar Council India (BCI), among

others, manage different professional courses.

Informal education includes pre-primary, coaching classes, vocational education and multi-

media/technology based educational courses aiding as a supplement or substitute to formal

education. India’s informal education market is one of the largest in the world. Pre-primary

market has low entry barriers and has witnessed large number of players in the last few years.

Presence of a large working population and increasing requirement of skilled workers, is

instrumental in the prominent growth of vocational education in India. Test preparation

contributes to a significant share of informal education in India. The online channel for

education in India includes primary and secondary education to hobbies and language

learning across formal and informal forms. Online players have developed B2C, B2B and

C2C solutions in line with the customer’s requirements.

For the purpose of this report, online education is defined as: 'Learning modules which can

beaccessed by individuals through internet enabled devices' and is restricted to consumer

25 | P a g e
paid services by users in India.

26 | P a g e
6.2 Overview of The Online Education Ecosystem in India

The online platform providers play a pivotal role in the online education ecosystem. Initially,

the platform served as enablers by connecting prospective students and content providers. In

recent times, the platform providers have increasingly played the role of content providers

and curators. Online education in India has a mix of dedicated online only and offline players

with an online presence. C2C business models have also emerged where the platform

connects prospective teachers and students. B2B offerings are prevalent in higher education,

where institutions offer degree/diploma courses to students through their own platforms or

third-party aggregators. Corporate tie-ups assist in co-creation of industry certified content,

which enhances overall acceptance of online education amongst the target user base.

Improved internet connectivity and adoption of digital payment options have significantly

aided in the growth of online education in India.

27 | P a g e
6.3 The Past, Present and Future of EdTech Start-ups

Between January 2014 and September 2019, more than 4,450 EdTech start-ups have been

launched in India.

However, 25% of start-ups have shut shop while only 4.17% of start-ups have raised funds.

Will EdTech’s overdependence on online test prep and K-12 learning change soon?

An analysis of China’s current state of start-up ecosystem will have very few but clear

winners, one of which is the EdTech sector. In India too, with the nationwide lockdown, there

is a sudden surge in demand for EdTech start-ups even as others are struggling to find a way

out. Ecommerce and EdTech are two sectors that may survive this rock phase, say experts.

However, as of now, it will not be wrong to say that EdTech is yet to gain mass traction.

Despite the launch of 4,450 EdTech start-ups in the country, India has only one unicorn in the

sector, BYJU’s, with a $5.7 Bn valuation. In fact, as we have mentioned in our earlier

reports, BYJU’s also had to spend a good ten years to reach the valuation. The start-up

worked in stealth mode from 2011 to 2015 and the app was launched only in 2015.

For new entrepreneurs in the space, staying afloat has been all the more difficult. There is

still a lack of warm reception for tech in India and many other countries. What a classroom

can offer in terms of interpersonal skills, is something tech may not be able to replace, say

educational experts.

“The failure rate for EdTech start-ups is comparable with any other sector. Given that

education is a high-involvement category and a career-affecting service, tech adoption is

usually lower compared to other services and products. Hence, EdTech start-ups can take

28 | P a g e
more time to scale up than in some of the other categories,” Pranjal Kumar, CFO and head

of education fund at Bertelsmann.

6.4 From Smart boards to Augmented Reality

The right to free education up to the age of 14 is enshrined as a fundamental right in Article

21A of the Indian constitution. However, what changed the game was the introduction of

Right To Education (RTE) through the 86th constitutional amendment in 2002. Since then,

the adult literacy rate in the country has jumped up by 13% from 61% in 2001 to 74% in

2018.

The gap in quality of education delivered in private school and the public institutions is

increasing every year, as per the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). According to

the report, among fifth-grade students only 23% could solve a simple division problem in

government schools, while this number was 40% in more expensive private schools. The

introduction of RTE has helped at least a small segment of the population seek private

education.

Even within private schools, till a decade ago digital education was restricted to smartboards

in classrooms till the SaaS or B2B segment came up. After 2010-11, start-ups such as

BYJU’S, Toppr, Meritnation, Simplilearn among others in India have changed the way

education was perceived in the country. Education is no longer just limited to

classrooms. EdTech start-ups offer free and open access to knowledge and the transparency is

also higher.

The adoption of vernacular languages by EdTech start-ups is another reason for the rising

popularity of EdTech start-ups. “Only 10% of India’s population can speak English. To build

large businesses that can capture greater value, incorporating vernacular learning is key,” said

29 | P a g e
Sajith Pai, Director Blume Ventures.

6.5 Beginning of A New Era of Learning?

As per Data Labs analysis, test prep and K-12 EdTech start-ups combined are estimated to be

worth $1.3 Bn by 2021, which means that the Indian EdTech market will not be seeing any

major changes in terms of the hottest sectors. More such predictions can be found in the latest

report released by Data Labs — The Future of India’s $2 Bn EdTech Opportunity Report

2020.

Moreover, the policies also seem to be in place for better adoption of technology in education

like online learning platforms, AI-driven customized learning solutions, video-based learning,

peer-to-peer learning, etc. in government & private institutions.

The education sector is also forecast to spend more than $6 Bn annually on augmented

and  virtual reality technologies by 2023. “Funding for the technologies remains a major

hurdle to adoption, but price points for equipment are dropping rapidly, according to a new

market forecast from ABI Research,” said Simulanis founder Raman Talwar earlier.

According to another report, “Augmented and Virtual Reality in Education,” the market for

augmented reality in education will hit $5.3 Bn in 2023, with the market for virtual reality

head-mounted displays trailing at $640 Mn.

Additionally, among the other EdTech subsectors, favorable market conditions combined

with the growing demand makes the skill development sub-sector a lucrative opportunity for

high-value returns for Indian start-up investors

For 2020,  Inc42 had also curated a list of some EdTech start-ups that are expected to make

the biggest impact on the market. The list includes White Hat Jr, Playshifu, Lido Learning,

30 | P a g e
Pesto, Kings Learning, Cuemath, Classplus. Well, with schools and other educational

institutions shut due to coronavirus, more EdTech start-ups are expected to find takers, as is

seen in China.

6.6 Impact of the Covid -19 Pandemic

In the education sector, 166 countries have implemented country-wide school and

university closures. More than 1.52 billion children and youth are currently out of school

or university, representing 87 per cent of the world enrolled school and university student

population. In addition, nearly 60.2 million teachers are no longer in the classroom.

School closures have a wide range of adverse impacts on children and young people,

including interrupted learning and forgone human interaction, which is essential to social and

behavioural development. When schools close, many children lose the meals provided at

school and a zone of safety. This impact on their nutrition has knock on effects on family

31 | P a g e
income, which in turn adds to the demand for women and girls’ unpaid work. The World

Food Program (WFP) estimates that more than 320 million primary schoolchildren in 120

countries are now missing out on school meals. School interruption also causes gaps in

childcare, which puts pressures on work and life balance, especially for women, and parents

when asked to facilitate the children’s learning at home.

Sustained disruption of education could lead to a rise in child labor and child marriage,

placing a further brake on developing countries growth. A recent IMF paper showed that

child marriages reduces low-income country GDP by 1 per cent.

Digital technologies have become a positive enabler in this crisis, facilitating business

continuity and connecting people more than ever and helping them maintain good mental

health. However, inequality of access to broadband connectivity and inaccessibility of ICTs

hinders effective remote participation and access to remote schooling arrangements, health

information and telemedicine by all. According to ITU, an estimated 3.6 billion people

remain offline, with the majority of the unconnected living in the least developed countries.

The response to the virus is also having a differentiated impact on segments of the

population. The fact that women make up 70 per cent of the global health workforce puts

them at greater risk of infection. Additionally, accompanying the crisis has been a spike in

domestic violence reporting, at exactly the time that services, including rule of law, health

and shelters, are being diverted to address the pandemic. With families isolated in their

homes, children are also facing the rapid increase of online child abuse.

32 | P a g e
6.6 Indian Govt Seeks to Monetize Its EdTech Platform SWAYAM

 The proposal is to pay government 15% of fee collected from students

 University Grants Commission (UGC) has approved an internal proposal

 The government plans for education to be a mix of online and offline mode

As EdTech gains prominence in the Covid-19 world, the government now wants to monetise

its online education courses under SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young

Aspiring Minds). A Livemint report said that education regulators University Grants

Commission (UGC) has approved an internal proposal asking higher education institutions to

pay for the scheme, which promotes online courses and hosts them on a dedicated platform.

6.7 Students’ opinion whether online learning is better than face to face learning .

33 | P a g e
The highest percentage of respondents have neutral opinion and the percentage is 36.6%. The

second highest percentage of respondents disagreed on this opinion and the percentage is

24.4%. There are 14.6% of the students strongly disagree with this opinion. Students who

strongly agree with this opinion consist of the third highest percentage with 19.5% while

there are 4.9% of respondents agreed with this opinion. It shows that there are more students

who oppose that online learning is better than face-to-face learning.

6.8 How many Students’ understanding of the online lectures?

The percentage of students who answered they sometimes understood the online lectures is

the highest and the percentage is 63.4%. There are 19.5% of students who could not

understand online lectures. The percentage of students who answered they can understand

online lectures is the lowest and the percentage is 17.1%. It shows that most of the students

could not fully understand during the online lectures. Only 17.1% of students fully

34 | P a g e
understood when the lectures were delivered online. The percentage of students who did not

understand is higher than the students who fully understood the lectures.

6.9 Students’ opinion of whether online assignments and online

presentation are easier?

There are more students disagreed that online assignments and online presentation are

easier than the assignments and presentation in the face-to-face mode. The percentage of

students who answered “no” is 65.9% and this percentage is higher than those who

answered “yes” (34.1%). It shows that the students are having difficulties in completing the

online assignments and performing online presentation. It could be due to the inefficient

communication with the groupmates or classmates because most of the students stay in

different locations and different states. The level of internet coverage is different in

different locations in Malaysia. Based on the survey, most of the students are having

medium internet coverage. Online presentation was done using video conferencing

applications such as Google Meet. These video conferencing applications require very

good internet connection in order to have a smooth presentation. Due to issue of internet

connectivity and speed, most students were finding online presentation is disadvantage for

35 | P a g e
 those who do not have very good internet connection.

6.10 Students’ opinion about whether online learning should replace face-to-face

learning permanently?

The results show that most students have neutral opinion. There are 34.1% of students fall into this

category. There are 24.4% strongly agreed while 9.8% agreed that online learning should replace

face-to-face learning permanently. On the other hand, 17.1% are strongly disagree and 14.6%

disagreed on this opinion. The result shows that there is about one third of the students supported that

online learning should replace face-to-face learning permanently. There is about one third of students

who opposed it. There is also almost one third of students who have neutral opinion. Therefore, there

is no single mode of learning clearly dominates in the students’ preference of mode of learning.

6.11 Students experienced problem when attending online classes?

The percentage of students who sometimes faced a problem when attending online classes is

36 | P a g e
the highest that is 53.7%. The percentage of students who always faced problems when

attending online classes is 22%. There are only 24.4% of students who did not have problem

when attending online classes. Therefore, there is only about a quarter of students who can

attend online classes with adequate facility and without disturbance.

6.12 Challenges faced by the students during online learning?

The result shows that most of the students (43.9%) overslept and this is the challenge for

them in online learning. There are 31.7% of students answered that bad internet coverage is

the challenge. The rest of the challenges include having problems with their devices and

not knowing the time table. The result shows that there are about half of the students

opined that the challenges are due to the internet facility and electronic devices. There are

about another half of the students agreed that personal discipline is the challenge during

online learning.

Ques-7 Internet coverage in the area where the students stay?

37 | P a g e
 Five options are given about the internet coverage in the area where the students stay. The

options are: very strong, strong, medium, poor and very poor. From Figure 7, it shows that

majority of the students have medium internet coverage in their area of stay and the

percentage of this category is the highest, that is 46.3%. There are 2.4% of students who

have very poor internet coverage while 9.8% of students have poor internet coverage in the

area where they stay. The result shows that there are students who do not have good

internet facility to follow the online learning effectively.

6.13 Technology is essential in 21st century Education?

Many schools worldwide are now struggling to maintain relevance in their classes due to

rapid changes in the job market. In the digital world, educators are under tremendous pressure

of equipping students with skills necessary for the unknown future workforce. 

According to the research, over 90% of participants have a positive attitude towards

implementing and using the technology in the classroom. This suggests that schools are on

the road to digital transformation in education where EdTech in the classroom is an essential

part that shapes the 21st-century classroom learning environment. 

6.14 How familiar are you with the Augmented Reality [AR] Technology?

38 | P a g e
 The research results show that over 42% of participants already use or just started piloting

AR in their classroom, moreover, further 28,7% have not yet adopted the technology, but

interested to use it in the upcoming future. This point out the increasing interest in what this

technology can offer to both teachers and students.

The respondents were asked to also outline their main focus on bringing Augmented Reality

(AR) technology to the educational process. According to the responses received, it is

possible to state that the majority of research participants believe that augmented learning:

1. a) can help students with the visual perception of material bringing subjects to life,

ability to present material in 3D making the abstract real and do experiments that otherwise

would not be possible in reals life,

2. b) sustain student’s motivation to learn and increased students’ participation in the

class lessons thought an interactive and engaging learning environment, and

3. c) Enhance students’ understanding of subjects and their academic performance by

developing the necessary skills required from the 21st-century workforce.

Therefore, research participants see AR as a great supplementary technology to the existing

school curriculum that allows a student to be an active participant in their learning process

and can balance students’ diverse learning needs. 

6.15 What Are the current state of VR/AR adoption?

39 | P a g e
Just over 1 in 5 businesses say that they already have a VR/AR initiative underway, and at

this point that is likely slanted towards VR. As with revenue forecasting, the CompTIA study

lumped the two trends together for initial information, but future research will explore the

different applications of the two technologies.

6.16 what are the different ways used in VR/AR among the Early Adopters?

Customer engagement, though, is much higher on the list. The fact that this ranks as the

second most popular use case implies that companies are adding more innovation to their

technology adoption processes. Broad interest in digital transformation proves that businesses

recognize the need to incorporate technology in order to be more competitive.

40 | P a g e
CHAPTER-7

Findings / Conclusion

41 | P a g e
7.1 Findings

The implementation of innovations and educational technologies has proved to be beneficial

to the individuals in carry out functioning of the educational institutions in an appropriate

manner. The major benefits of innovation and educational technologies have been stated as

follows:

Tasks become Less Time Consuming – Through making use of technologies, individuals

are able to carry out their tasks and functions in less time-consuming manner. When they are

well-quipped with making use of computers, they are able to complete their assignments,

reports and projects in less time-consuming manner. Research has indicated that when

individuals made use of pens and paper, it was tedious and they experienced difficulties and

problems in completing their tasks on time. Hence, the use of technology has enabled them to

render an effective contribution in completing their assignments on time. In higher

educational institutions, when students are taking exams, they make use of lap-tops. As they

possess this viewpoint that they will be able to complete their work on time.

Facilitate Editing and Changes – When the individuals are preparing reports or projects

making use of computers, they are able to make changes. There is a saying, write in haste and

polish at leisure. Therefore, individuals normally write in haste, but take time in identifying

the errors and making corrections. When they read their assignments and are to make

changes, they can easily make changes on technologies, before final submission. Making

presentations is one of the indispensable teaching-learning methods. The instructors too make

presentations in terms of lesson plans. On the other hand, students too are required to make

presentations as part of their assessment strategies. Hence, changes can easily be made in

presentations as well and this is regarded as one of the most important benefits of

technologies.

Communication – Research has indicated that within the course of pursuance of doctoral

42 | P a g e
programs or in distance learning, the students in some cases do not meet with their

supervisors frequently. Therefore, they make use of technologies to communicate with them.

Technologies are made use of in emailing and messaging information as well as in the

preparation of assignments and projects. In order to carry out their assignments in an

appropriate manner, the fellow students also need to interact with each other and exchange

ideas. Hence, the use of technologies has rendered a significant contribution in facilitating

communication between individuals. Technologies have facilitated the communication of

short messages, ideas and perspectives as well as lengthy assignments, reports and projects.

Leading to Fundamental Transformations in the System of Education – It is necessary to

bring about transformations in the existing system of education. When transformations are

brought about, it is necessary to ensure that they prove to be worthwhile and beneficial

towards promoting well-being of the members and the overall system of education. As the

individuals leverage 2.0 technologies, one learns from the advances in cognitive sciences and

pay attention to the effective models of learning. The effective models of learning render a

significant contribution in the reinforcement of relationships between instructors and

students. The instructors find implementation of job duties manageable and the students too

are able to acquire an efficient understanding of academic concepts.

Generation of Ideas to Provide Solutions to Problems – The generation of ideas is

necessary to provide solutions to problems and difficulties that may arise within the course of

implementation of job duties. Through the use of technology and modern and innovative

methods, individuals can provide solutions to problems. Often, most innovative solutions

come from those, who are viewing the facts from the new angle or with the new insights. In

the case of occurrence of problems or difficulties, individuals are required to put into practice

innovative problem-solving methods. Combining ideas from across silos and sectors are

important new and innovative methods in providing solutions to problems.

43 | P a g e
Supporting the Learning Cycle – Learning is a lifelong process. The individuals are not

only engaged in learning academic knowledge, but they are also engaged in supporting

learning cycle. Providing support to learning cycle means implementing tasks and activities

that would facilitate the acquisition of learning. As individuals make use of internet, when

they are to acquire knowledge in terms of academic concepts or view images and pictures, it

is supportive to them to a large extent. But when the individuals need to make use of

technology for leisure and recreational purposes or make sales and purchase of items or carry

out other activities, such as ordering a cab, then too they need to learn various aspects. Hence,

it can be stated that use of technology renders a significant contribution in supporting

learning cycle. Apart from academic learning, individuals get engaged in comprehensive

learning through technology.

Promotion of Aligned and Effective Assessments – Assessments are an integral part of

teaching and learning processes. After the completion of a lesson plan, the educators need to

put into operation the appropriate assessment methods that would enable them to understand

how much the students have improved and whether their teaching-learning methods and

instructional strategies have proved to be beneficial. Aligned and effective assessments

enable common standards and a strong content. Significant work must be done to develop

and use better timelier and more useful measurements of growth in student performance on

both content and skills. The platforms that enable the system of aligned and effective

assessments, including open-ended questions in tests, class assignments, home-work

assignments and competitions. The practitioners should be provided with the opportunity to

measure progress, maintain records of effectual instructional practice and prescribe

instructional solutions.

Creating Data Standards and Strong Information Platforms – The creation of data

standards and strong information platforms is regarded as an essential, particularly when

44 | P a g e
making use of technologies and innovative methods. This point can be explained better with

the help of an example. In doctoral programs, when research scholars are working on their

research thesis, they are required to conduct an analysis of the data collected, using the

statistical software called, Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). In order to make use

of SPSS, they are required to generate information and augment their computer skills. For

this purpose, they even get enrolled in short-term training programs. Hence, it can be stated

that individuals make use of technology and innovative methods in creating data standards

and strong information platforms.

Improving Productivity and Effectiveness – New approaches and new technologies need to

be made use of in bringing about improvements in productivity and effectiveness. There is a

need to bring about improvements in the technology tools to improve productivity and

effectiveness. The technologies need to make provision of real-time resources for data-based

instructional decision making, student diagnostics and proscription, professional development

and performance management. Developments should take place in technologies in such a

manner that they can adapt to new needs and users can take advantage of modern and

innovative methods. Improvements can be brought about in productivity and effectiveness,

when the individuals are well-equipped in terms of usage of technologies. They need to

continuously work towards up-gradation of competencies and knowledge in terms of various

kinds of technologies.

Development of Technologies for Implementation of Managerial Functions – In

educational institutions as well as within the classrooms, it is vital for the individuals to carry

out the managerial functions. In order to carry out the managerial functions in an appropriate

manner, it is essential to augment managerial competencies. The development of

technologies is regarded as indispensable for the implementation of managerial functions.

The various managerial functions are planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and

45 | P a g e
controlling. The technologies are being used to a major extent in the implementation of these

managerial functions. Through the use of technologies, the members of the educational

institutions can carry out these functions in a manageable manner. Improvements need to be

brought about in technologies to meet the needs of the members of the educational

institutions. Apart from computers, the other technologies that are made use of are, scanners,

printers, photo-copiers, projectors, I pad, tablets, smartphones and mobile phones.

7.2 Conclusion

In conclusion, most opportunities on having technology and learning how to use it are more

every day. Most classrooms around the world are adding technology to their way of teaching,

and technology has revolutionized education on positive and negative ways. Adding

programs were students can achieve their goals no matter where they are living, internet

having most of the part on this movement. Giving opportunities of jobs to students by

learning to use the most popular programs the computers provides. Educational technology is

the process of developing solutions and forms of teaching using technology to the advantage

of the students and teachers.

In order to lead to progression of the system of education in all regions, facilitate the

acquisition of education among individuals and enable the members of the educational

institutions to carry out their tasks and functions in a well-organized manner, it is necessary

to make use of technologies and modern and innovative methods. The use of technologies

and internet have been used on a comprehensive scale in not only educational institutions, but

also in other organizations. Individuals are making use of internet on a comprehensive extent

for augmenting knowledge and understanding and for other purposes as well.

46 | P a g e
CHAPTER-8

47 | P a g e
 Recommendations & Limitations

8.1 Recommendations

The education technology marketplace is a complex one, and many entrepreneurs

and developers are asking themselves what practices and design principles will

make for a quality product that users love and has real impact. Entrepreneurs and

developers, consider these suggestions from some of the best products and

programs out there:

 Open up the design and implementation process. Products and programs

effectively address a real user need when many different stakeholders have

input into design and implementation.

 Remember that users must understand and feel comfortable with

privacy policies. Privacy is an important topic in a technology-rich world,

and especially in education technology. Policies for user privacy protection

should be clear, detailed, and user-friendly.

 Ensure there is an effective way to gather user feedback, and use that

feedback to drive iterative design. The best education technology

companies address specific user-identified needs, consider user feedback

essential, and prioritize customer service to attend to reported problems.

 Manage, repackage and deliver data to educators and administrators in

a manner that is understandable and actionable. Data that is nebulous

and overwhelming detracts from its helpfulness in the classroom, yet data

that tracks student performance or gaps in understanding can be helpful

when shared in a way that educators can use, without confusion or excessive

time.

48 | P a g e
  Last but certainly not least, integrate relevant academic research into the

development and revision of a product or initiative.

8.1.1 Sustaining a Business in Times of COVID

“100 years ago, during a similar global pandemic, children had no option to safely

continue learning. Today, with the help of technology, we can ensure that essential

learning doesn’t stop.”

It’s undeniable that the pandemic has affected businesses of every size and sector across the

globe. In the hyper-warped version of the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and

ambiguity) world that we are operating in, businesses need to work and adapt at an

unprecedented pace and scale. While this may seem grueling, what we need to remember is

that every crisis gives rise to new opportunities. Addressing a challenge creates fresh ideas,

generates new solutions, and is the foundation of many ever-lasting businesses. 

This is the perfect time to assess your business and your sector to emerge with a solid

understanding of what works and what doesn’t. Even in these testing times, businesses still

have the potential to grow if they adapt and make use of this opportunity.

What this means for organizations is that their leadership is faced with steering their business

in a novel setting. While navigating this unknown, a few key measures can come in handy. 

49 | P a g e
Let the Mission Inspire You

Making sure that you’re in touch with the mission behind the business is crucial during times

like these. It can give you the much-needed boost and motivation to navigate uncharted

waters without getting overwhelmed. Reconnect with the original idea, the original emotion

behind why your business does what it does - it’ll provide a lot of clarity and direction to

where you’re headed. 

Assess and Adapt

In this pandemic, scenarios are changing from week to week and as a by-product so are the

needs of the customer.  Having a strategy that lends itself to agility definitely helps address

these ever-changing needs.

At BYJU’S we faced this when the shutdown of schools due to the pandemic created the

immediate need for access to good teachers. We responded by launching Live Classes for

students across the country with scheduled sessions 3-4 times a week, so their essential

learning can continue uninterrupted. - Divya Golaknath, Co-Founder of Byju’s

Communicate, Communicate & Communicate

Employees across organizations may have faced unexpected disruption to their work and

their schedule. In such times, clear communication from the top can help provide a sense of

stability. In my opinion authenticity in this communication is important. It can help everyone

across the organization tie themselves together towards the core mission and streamline the

change in processes needed to drive the business forward.

Maintain and Build Trust

Trust is the basis of any successful relationship - be it with customers or co-workers. This

pandemic has caused ripples through every aspect of an organization’s functioning.

However, it’s important that in the aftermath, trust among stakeholders is not compromised.

50 | P a g e
An open, two-way dialogue between stakeholders can maintain and nurture the trust that has

already been built so far. This will ensure that you have additional support backing you in

these times. 

Accept the Forces at Play

As leaders, try best to manage the smooth functioning of a large number of organizational

aspects. While continue doing this, it helps to avoid brooding on things that are out of one’s

control. Instead, focusing on things that can be bettered through monthly, weekly and most

importantly, daily plans can help you reach your organizational goals in this time of

ambiguity. It’s important to have dynamic plans in place that will help you assess, adapt and

move forward. But, when things don’t go according to plan, don’t let it defeat you.

Remember that these are unprecedented times that call for compassion and empathy, even

inwards. So, in times of a setback, accept, learn and start working again. 

8.2 Limitations

In the field of education, tasks and activities need to be carried out at the educators, students,

educational institutions and system levels. The members of the educational institutions aspire

to carry out their tasks and functions to their best abilities and generate appropriate outcomes.

In order to achieve their goals and objectives, they are required to make use of modern and

innovative methods and approaches. Within the course of implementation of modern and

innovative approaches, certain barriers take place, which have been stated as follows:

Lack of Clarity on the Problem to be solved – Within the course of acquisition of

education, there are certain problems that take place. Individuals need to be clear in terms of

making provision of solutions to those problems. When they are not clear, in other words,

lack of clarity is one of the major barriers that may take place. Significant ideological

disagreements about the purpose and role of public education, rights of the states, rights of

51 | P a g e
parents and so forth, cause perplexity in the definitions of the problems to be solved. Hence,

this is one of the major factors that cause perplexity and lack of clarity on the part on the

individuals in terms of problems to be solved.

Lack of Clear and Common Metrics – A system with 50 standards means many types of

innovations must customize for each state, which is expensive and inhibits innovation. It also

means large amount of funding is used to meet the basic state targets in content and

assessment, leaving less room for innovation in how one is meant to teach and assess

progress. In other words, when making use of modern and innovative methods in the system

of education, it is necessary for the members to hone their skills and competencies and make

sure that they prove to be beneficial to the individuals in reaching their goals and enhancing

the overall system of education.

Policy is Impenetrable to Most Innovators – Innovations are rarely translated into policy

changes, whether they are from social entrepreneurs, who operate exterior from the system,

where policy constraints are reduced, or from inside change agents, whose work is focused on

the constraints of the traditional system. Transformations of political forces and school

boards are often used as a political stepping stone, leading to spinning wheels in most

districts, which ironically creates almost constant change for the practitioners. But it makes it

impossible to sustain any innovation long enough to truly understand the efficacy. Hence,

policies need to be formulated that would be assisting and supportive to most of the

innovators.

Lack of Research – Market dynamics and incentives do not promote innovation. In order to

bring about innovation in the system of education, it is necessary to alleviate fragmentation

and oligopoly. The educators make visits to other educational institutions as well to generate

awareness in terms of use of modern and innovative methods. They need to conduct research

in terms of how innovative methods are rendering a significant contribution in bringing about

52 | P a g e
improvements in the system of education. Lack of research and unawareness are major

barriers within the course of utilization of modern and innovative methods in the system of

education. What kinds of innovative methods need to be made use of is also an important

aspect.

Lack of Technology and Innovation – In primarily schools and adult education and training

centers in rural communities, the technology infrastructure is not adequately developed.

There are wide disparities in the system of education in urban and rural areas. In educational

institutions in urban areas, there is usage of technology and innovative methods in

educational institutions at all levels. On the other hand, in educational institutions in rural

areas, there is lack of technology and modern and innovative methods. Due to lack of

technology and innovation, there are occurrence of problems and impediments within the

course of progression of the overall system of education. On the other hand, the use of

traditional methods is impeding learning on the part of students. Hence, it is vital to

implement technology and innovation in teaching-learning methods in educational

institutions in rural areas as well.

Lack of Competencies – The professions of teaching, school leadership and educational

administration are the ones that not only render an effective contribution in improving student

learning and enhancing the overall system of education, but they are rendering an operative

contribution in promoting well-being of the community. In obtaining these professions, the

individuals need to possess the required educational qualifications, competencies, aptitude

and experience. Lack of competencies on the part of individuals are regarded as the major

barriers within the course of implementation of tasks and activities. When they are to bring

about innovations, they need to ensure they augment their competencies and aptitude. They

need to put in their best abilities to generate the desired outcomes.

53 | P a g e
Weak Knowledge Base – It is essential for the individuals to upgrade their knowledge and

abilities, particularly in terms of their job duties. In some cases, educators are not aware of

appropriate teaching-learning methods, they do not possess adequate knowledge in terms of

their subjects and concepts and are not experienced. Due to these factors, they are unable to

help students in achieving their academic goals and objectives, they are unable to provide

adequate answers to questions put forward by students and experience impediments within

the course of achievement of academic goals and progression of the overall system of

education. Hence, in order to carry out their job duties appropriately, it is vital for the

individuals, not only in teaching positions, but in other positions as well to augment their

knowledge base.

Lack of Infrastructural Facilities – In educational institutions, in order to lead to

progression of the overall system of education, it is necessary to pay attention towards the

development of infrastructure. The development of infrastructural facilities makes the overall

environmental conditions within educational institutions and classrooms soothing towards

learning. The main infrastructural facilities include, laboratories, library facilities, computer

centers, playgrounds, civic amenities, provision of adequate furniture, equipment and

teaching-learning materials within the classrooms and other facilities, which may lead to

development of interest and motivation and enable the individuals to carry out their job duties

in a well-organized manner. On the other hand, lack of these facilities is regarded as major

barriers within the course of implementation of tasks and activities. Hence, it is vital for the

educators to bring about improvements in the infrastructural facilities.

Lack of Financial Resources – Financial resources are considered indispensable in leading

to up-gradations in the overall system of education. When new technologies are to be

introduced, or innovative practices need to be implemented or improvements need to be

54 | P a g e
brought about in instructional strategies or any other aspects of the environmental conditions,

the financial resources are regarded to be of utmost significance. In rural communities in

India, the lack of financial resources is regarded as one of the major barriers within the course

of progression of the overall system of education. Hence, it is essential for the members of

the educational institutions to implement financial planning in an appropriate manner.

Research has indicated that availability of financial resources is regarded as indispensable in

leading to up-gradations in the educational institutions in urban and rural areas.

Ineffective Dissemination – Not much attention has been paid towards dissemination of

knowledge and information. Through dissemination of knowledge and information, benefits

can reach the individuals, beyond those that were originally developed and served. This is

mainly due to isolation of practitioners and their lack of rewards and incentives for adopting

innovative practices. But it is also because, too often, dissemination is referred to the

development of lengthy reports. Therefore, effectiveness in the dissemination process will be

promoted through making use of technology. Through dissemination of information and

knowledge, the individuals will be able to generate awareness and augment their

understanding in terms of the fact, how innovations can be advantageous to individuals in

enhancing the system of education.

Reference or Bibliography

 United Nation report on socio – economic impact of Covid -19 – March 2020

55 | P a g e
 Linkedln.com – Various Blogs

 Ms. Divya Golaknath (Co – Founder, Byju’s) Blogs

 Survey report of Google – KPMG on Online Education

 Byju’s.com/ About

 Toppr.com/ About

 Meritnation.com/ About

 UpGrad.com/ About

 Unacademy.com/ About

 Vedantu.com/ About

 Academia.edu

 Medium.com

 Researchgate.com

 Edutechnologychange.weebly.com

 Crunchbase.com

 Digitalpromise.org

 Inc42.com

 Leverageedu.com

 Data Labs Analysis – Inc42.com

 Google Images

Key Words

 EduTech or EdTech – Educational Technology

56 | P a g e
 IoT – Internet of Things

 AI – Artificial Intelligence

 FY – Financial Year

 App – Application

 K-5 To K-12 – Class – 5 To Class – 12

 AR & VR – Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality

 SWAYAM – Study of webs of active learning for young aspiring minds

 Bn & Mn – Billion & Million

 B2B – Business to Business

 B2C – Business to Customer or Business to Consumer

 C2C – Customer to Customer or Consumer to Consumer

 UGC – University Grant Commission

 T – prep or Test – prep – Test Preparation

 M & As – Mergers & Acquisitions

 VCR – Video Cassette Recorder

 A & V – Audio & Video

 UN – United Nation

 KPMG – Klynveled Peat Marwick Goerdeler International Company

57 | P a g e