Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

Electronics Lab

Electric Circuit Analysis II

EXPERIMENT NO 03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc

Networks using actual hardware components

Name of Student: ……………………………………………………..

Roll No.: ……………………………………………………………….

Class Section: …………………………………………………………

Date of Experiment: ………………………………………………….

Report submitted on: …………………………………………………

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

EXPERIMENT NO 03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc

Networks using actual hardware components

1. Objectives

1. To find the Thévenin equivalent circuit at the given points of any complex circuit and
analyze the circuit for voltage and current for any load.
2. To find the Norton equivalent circuit at the given points of any complex circuit and
analyze the circuit for voltage and current for any load.

2. Background Information
2.1 Thévenin’s Theorem

Thévenin’s Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to
an equivalent circuit with just a single voltage source and series resistance connected to a load.
Thévenin’s Theorem is especially useful in analyzing power systems and other circuits where one
particular resistor in the circuit (called the “load” resistor) is subject to change, and re-calculation of
the circuit is necessary with each trial value of load resistance, to determine voltage across it and
current through it.

2.2 Norton’s Theorem

Norton's Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an
equivalent circuit with just a single current source and parallel resistance connected to a load.

3. Experimental Work

Equipment & Components Required

1. Digital Multimeter
2. DC Power Supply
3. Breadboard
4. Resistors:
Coded Value Measured Value

i. 470 Ω(1/4 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

ii. 680 Ω ( 1/4 W ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

5. 1 k Ω potentiometer (2)
6. Connecting wires

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Procedure

1. Construct the network of Fig 3.1. This is the original circuit. Perform the
experiment for the original circuit as indicated in Table 3.1.
2. Construct the network of Fig 3.2 (a) and find V Th ∧I N as indicated in the circuit
diagram. Note these values in Table 3.1.
3. Construct the network of Fig 3.2 (b) and find RTh =RN as indicated in the circuit
diagram. Note the value in Table 3.1.
4. Construct the network of Fig 3.2 (c). This is the Thévenin’s equivalent circuit.
Perform the experiment for this Thévenin’s equivalent circuit as indicated in Table 3.1.
5. Now construct the network of Fig 3.2 (d). This is the Norton’s equivalent circuit.
Perform the experiment for this Norton’s equivalent circuit as indicated in Table 3.1. Here we have
to keep in mind that we have no constant current source, we are using the voltage source as the
current source. When we will connect the load to the Norton’s equivalent circuit the Norton’s
current will change, we will have to restore the current value to Norton’s current value to get the
correct results.
R1 R 2

470 680
E1 10V RL E2 12V

Fig 3.1

R1 R2

470 680
E1 Voltmeter reading  VTh E2
10V 12V
Ammeter reading  I N

(a )

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

R1 R2

470 680
Ohmmeter reading  RTh  R N

(b)

RTh

..........
IN RN
VTh ............V RL RL
..........
.....mA

(c) (d )

Fig 3.2

V Th−cal =⋯ ⋯ V Th−mrd =⋯ ⋯ I N−cal =⋯ ⋯ I N−mrd =⋯ ⋯ RTh−cal =⋯ ⋯ R Th−mrd =⋯ ⋯

I L (mA )
S# R L (Ω) Original Circuit Thévenin’s Equivalent Circuit Norton’s Equivalent Circuit

Calculated Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Measured

1 100
2 150
3 200
4 250
5 RTh =278
6 330
7 560
8 820
9 1000

Table 3.1

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

4. Questions

1.Explain an advantage of using Thévenin’s Theorem when finding load currents in a dc circuit.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Explain an advantage of using Norton’s Theorem when finding load currents in a dc circuit.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Lab #03 Marks Details:

# Qualities & Criteria 0 < Poor <=40 40< Satisfactory <= 70 70 < Good <= 90 90< Excellent <=100
ER1 Task Completion No Tasks were completed/ Some tasks were Few tasks were left to All tasks completed in
minimal effort shown completed. Could not be completed. due time. All goals
justify the reasons for Provided acceptable achieved.
uncompleted tasks and justification for the
goals. uncompleted tasks and
goals.
ER2 Neat and Clean Components are wired but Most of the wires are Few but not all All components are
circuit didn’t ensure neatness and untidy with jumbled up components are wired wired in a neat, clean
constructions cleanliness at all /minimal connections in a neat, clean and and safe manner
effort shown safe manner
ER6 Troubleshooting Unable to identify the Able to identify the Able to identify the Is able to identify the
fault / minimal effort fault but unable to fault but partially fault and able to make
shown remove it removes it necessary steps and
actions to correct it
ER9 Results and Plots Unable to produce any Inaccurate plots and Correct plots without Good presentation of
plots or results /minimal results any necessary the correct plots with
efforts shown identifying features proper labels, captions
such as labels, captions & visibility
& visibility
RR1 Format/Layout & Follows poorly the Follows, for some part, Follows, for most part, Closely follows all the
Organization requirement related to all the requirements all the requirements requirements related to
format and layout. The related to format and related to format and format and layout.
report is disorganized to layout. The layout. The Written work is well
the extent that it prevents organization is unclear organization is organized and easy to
understanding of he generally good, but understand
content some parts seem out of
place

RR2 Content/Informati The report is not objective The report is objective The report is objective The report is objective
on based and addresses the based and for some part based and for most based and addresses
issues referred in the addresses the issues part addresses the the issues referred in
proposed topic poorly. referred in the proposed issues referred in the the proposed topic with
The provided information topic with an acceptable proposed topic with an in depth analysis and
& results is not coherent engineering/theoretical acceptable reasoning. The
rather irrelevant. Little analysis. The provided engineering/theoretical provided information
engineering/theoretical information & results analysis and reasoning. & results is necessary,
analysis is presented for some parts is The provided relevant and sufficient
necessary and sufficient information & results to discuss these issues.
to discuss these issues for most part is The details are easily
necessary and understood at peer
sufficient to discuss level.
these issues
TR1 Effort & Attitude Little or no evidence of Minimal effort if any. Completed all agreed Extraordinary effort
effort shown. Negative, Some interest shown in tasks; competent, but demonstrated.

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

absent minded, withdrawn the project not extraordinary. Exceptionally positive

Positive and /or and/ or constructive
constructive attitude attitude

Lab #03: Marks distribution:

ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1

Task 20 Points 10 Points 10 Points 20 Points 20 Points 10 points 10 Points

Lab #03: Marks obtained:

ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1

Task

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
7/8
 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Experiment No.03: Study of Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems applied to dc Networks using actual
hardware components
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