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Physioex Lab Report: Pre-Lab Quiz Results

1) The experiment examined the effects of various ions (calcium, sodium, potassium) on heart rate. Calcium increased heart rate, while sodium and potassium decreased heart rate, with potassium having the most pronounced effect. 2) The results matched the predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would initially decrease it due to their effects on the cardiac muscle cell's membrane potential and contraction force. 3) Calcium channel blockers, used to treat patients, work by blocking calcium movement through channels, decreasing calcium levels and thus decreasing peripheral resistance, pulse rate, and contraction force.

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Pavel Milenkovski
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169 views

Physioex Lab Report: Pre-Lab Quiz Results

1) The experiment examined the effects of various ions (calcium, sodium, potassium) on heart rate. Calcium increased heart rate, while sodium and potassium decreased heart rate, with potassium having the most pronounced effect. 2) The results matched the predictions that calcium would increase heart rate and potassium would initially decrease it due to their effects on the cardiac muscle cell's membrane potential and contraction force. 3) Calcium channel blockers, used to treat patients, work by blocking calcium movement through channels, decreasing calcium levels and thus decreasing peripheral resistance, pulse rate, and contraction force.

Uploaded by

Pavel Milenkovski
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/2/21, 12:09 AM PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

PhysioEx Lab Report


Exercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology

Activity 5: Examining the Effects of Various Ions on Heart Rate

Name: ПАВЕЛ МИЛЕНКОВСКИ 153788

Date: 2 December 2021

Session ID: session-e720954b-440f-2fb9-ce71-97315932b1d5

Pre-lab Quiz Results


You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1 Which organelle in the cardiac muscle cell stores calcium?

You correctly answered: sarcoplasmic reticulum.

2 Verapamil is a calcium-channel blocker. Its effects could be described as

You correctly answered: negative chronotropic and negative inotropic.

3 When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, where is most of the potassium found?

You correctly answered: in the cytosol.

4 Resting cardiac muscle cells are most permeable to

You correctly answered: potassium.

Experiment Results
Predict Questions
1 Predict Question 1: Because calcium-channel blockers are negative chronotropic and
negative inotropic, what effect do you think increasing the concentration of calcium will have
on heart rate?

Your answer: positive chronotropic, positive inotropic.

2 Predict Question 2: Excess potassium outside of the cardiac cell decreases the resting
potential of the plasma membrane, thus decreasing the force of contraction. What effect (if
any) do you think it will initially have on heart rate?

Your answer: decrease heart rate.

Stop & Think Question


1 Where in the cardiac muscle cell is most of the sodium normally found?
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12/2/21, 12:09 AM PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

You correctly answered: outside of the cell.

Experiment Data
Solution Heart Rate (beats/min)
---- 61
Calcium 68
Sodium ~34
Potassium ~28

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12/2/21, 12:09 AM PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

Post-lab Quiz Results


You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1 The addition of most of the ions resulted in

You correctly answered: an erratic, decreased heart rate.

2 The effect of potassium on the heart is

You correctly answered: negative chronotropic, negative inotropic.

3 The ion that had the most pronounced effect on heart rate was

You correctly answered: potassium.

4 Ectopic pacemakers can be caused by excessive leakage of potassium into cardiac cells,
resulting in pacemakers appearing in abnormal locations in the heart muscle. This
hyperkalemia (excess potassium) decreases the resting potential of the cardiac muscle cell.
What effect do you think this would have on the force of contraction?

You correctly answered: decrease, negative inotropic.

Review Sheet Results


1 Describe the effect that increasing the calcium ions had on the heart in this activity. How well
did the results compare with your prediction?

Your answer:

Поради зголемувањето на отчукувањата на срцето и притисокот на контракција, крвта


се пумпа посилно и срцето чука побрзо.

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12/2/21, 12:09 AM PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

2 Describe the effect that increasing the potassium ions initially had on the heart in this
activity. Relate this to the resting membrane potential of the cardiac muscle cell. How well
did the results compare with your prediction?

Your answer:

Високите јони на калиум го намалуваат остатокот потенцијал и намалување на


притисокот на контракција како што е предвидено.

3 Describe how calcium channel blockers are used to treat patients and why?

Your answer:

Во сите патеки на акциониот потенцијал, тие го блокираат движењето на калциумот


низ каналите. Намалениот калциум предизвикува намален периферен отпор, намален
пулс и намален притисок на контракција.

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