Scribd
Upload
195 views3 pages

Summary of TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

1. The document discusses different grammatical structures that can cause confusion on the TOEFL test, including subjects and verbs, objects of prepositions, present participles, and past participles. 2. It provides examples of sentences where these structures are used correctly and incorrectly to illustrate common error types test-takers may encounter. 3. Key points covered include identifying the subject and verb, distinguishing objects of prepositions from sentence subjects, and determining whether a present or past participle is functioning as part of a verb or as an adjective.

Uploaded by

Jhoni Iskan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
195 views3 pages

Summary of TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

1. The document discusses different grammatical structures that can cause confusion on the TOEFL test, including subjects and verbs, objects of prepositions, present participles, and past participles. 2. It provides examples of sentences where these structures are used correctly and incorrectly to illustrate common error types test-takers may encounter. 3. Key points covered include identifying the subject and verb, distinguishing objects of prepositions from sentence subjects, and determining whether a present or past participle is functioning as part of a verb or as an adjective.

Uploaded by

Jhoni Iskan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

SUBJECT AND VERBS

A sentences in English should have a subject and verb. The first thing you should do as you
read a sentences of the TOEFL test is to find the subject and the verb. The most common
types of problems that you will encounter in the structure section of the TOEFL test are
related to subject and verbs. Perhaps the sentences is missing either the subject, or the verb,
or both; perhaps the sentences has an extra subject or verb.
Example :
___________ was ringing continuously for hours.
A. loudly
B. In the morning
C. The phone
D. The bells
A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb. The first thing you should
do as you read a sentence in structure section of the TOEFL test is to find the subject and the
verb.

1. The professor handed the syllabus to the students.


2. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly.
3. Walking with the children to school.
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
Object Preposition is a noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition such as in, at, of, to,
by, behind and on to form a prepositional phrase.
The trip to the island on Saturday will last for three hours.
An object of preposition can cause confusion in the structure section of the TOEFL test
because it can be mistaken for the subject of a sentences.
Example : To Mike …….. was a big surprise.

A. Really
B. The party
C. Funny
D. When

1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.


2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers.
3. During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria.
PRESENT PARTICIPLES
Present Participles can cause in the structure section of the TOEFL test because a present
participle can be either an adjective or a part of verb. A Present participle is the –ing form of
the verb. It is part of the verb when it is preceded by some form of the verb be.
The train is arriving at station now.
VERB
In this sentences, arriving is part of the verb because it is accompanied by is.

A Present Participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be.
The train arriving at the station now is an hour late.
In this sentence, arriving is an adjective and not part of the verb because it is not
accompanied by some form of be. The verb in this sentences is IS.

Example :
The film ……………….. appearing at the local theatre is my favourite.
A. Now
B. Is
C. It
D. Was

PRESENT PARTICIPLES : is the –ing form of the verb. The present participle can be
part of the verb or an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some
form of the verb be. It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the
verb be.

Exercise
1. The crying baby needs to be picked up .
2. The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing machines.

PAST PARTICIPLE

Past participle can cause confusion in the structure section of the TOEFL test because a
past participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb. The past participle is the
form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often ends in –ed but there are also many
irregular past participles in English.

The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.


The classes were taught by Professor Smith.

In the first sentence, the past participle left is part of the verb because it is accompanied
by has. In the second sentence, the past participle taught is part of the verb because it is
accompanied by were.

A Past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have.

The letter left in the mailbox was for me.


Adjective

The classes taught by Professor Smith were very interesting.


Adjective

The bread …… baked this morning smelled delicious.

A. Has
B. Was
C. It
D. Just

A PAST PARTICIPLE often ends in –ed but there are also many irregular past
participle For many verbs including –ed verb , the simple past and the past participle
are the same and can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb can be ( 1 ) the
simple past (2) the past participle of a verb (3) an adjective.

Exercise
1. The food is served in the restaurant is delicious.
2. The unexpected guests has arrived just at dinnertime.

You might also like