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EE15-1705 E6 Industrial Automation: Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering Cusat

The document discusses sequential control and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It provides an overview of PLCs, their typical applications and hardware components. It then discusses various PLC programming languages and methods. Specific examples covered include controlling conveyor belts and elevators. The document also discusses state diagrams, Boolean logic, and designing automation systems using state diagrams. It provides a sample state diagram for starting and stopping a motor.

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Stark Sammuel
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20 views

EE15-1705 E6 Industrial Automation: Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering Cusat

The document discusses sequential control and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It provides an overview of PLCs, their typical applications and hardware components. It then discusses various PLC programming languages and methods. Specific examples covered include controlling conveyor belts and elevators. The document also discusses state diagrams, Boolean logic, and designing automation systems using state diagrams. It provides a sample state diagram for starting and stopping a motor.

Uploaded by

Stark Sammuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE15-1705 E6 Industrial Automation

Department of Electrical Engineering


School of Engineering
CUSAT
Module 3

Introduction to Sequential control, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)-


Overview, Functions & Features, Typical areas of Application, Logic Contact
Symbols, Input / output addressing- PLC Hardware – Fundamentals of PLC
programming – Configuration, Ladder Logic (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD),
Instruction List (IL), Structured Text (ST), Sequential Function Chart (SFC),
Arithmetic Functions, Logic Functions, Timers and Counters, PID Function Blocks,
- Programming- Motor control starter circuits, Elevators, conveyors.

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 2


Sequence operation of conveyor - example
A feeder drops material on the conveyor which sends material for further
process through one more conveyor. Conveyor must start automatically
when material is dropped on it. Implement automation

Feeder has a motor mounted to feed material on


conveyor belts.
Load cells are installed at the bottom of conveyor
belts to detect if material is present on the
conveyor belt.
When material falls on conveyor belt 1, provided
motor 1 & 2 is ON.
Switches can also be used sometimes to detect
material’s presence.

3
Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P8jDlVPbpg

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 4


Logical design of Automation circuits
In the Boolean logic approach, everything that is being utilized has two states,
such as an ON or an OFF state (for example, an electrical switching contact can
be either open or closed) or a relay can be energized or de-energized.
De Morgan Theorem

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 5


Postulates and theorems of Boolean Algebra

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida


Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida
State Diagram
 State diagram accurately represents the states of a complex industrial
automation system, e.g., a complex machine, as well as the electrical signals
that force the automated system to change from one operating state to another.
 After the proper design of the state diagram, the extraction of Boolean logical
expressions that describe each one of these states can be easily derived, and
thus the final automation circuit can be further extracted.
 In this methodology, the most important thing is the identification of the exact
states and the transition signals.

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 8


Methodology of designing automation with state
diagram approach
1. We denote with circles the different states of the complex machine or industrial system. In every circle, we
define the corresponding state.
2. Every possible transition among different states is denoted by an arrow connecting the corresponding
states. The arrow’s direction denotes the transition’s direction.
3. On every directed arrow, we denote the Boolean variable or the logical expression of the Boolean
variables that cause the change of state.
We denote “Turn OFF” as the logical expression of the variables that cause the change of the dual variable
value, characterizing the changed state, from 1 to 0, and “Turn ON” as the logical expression of variables
that cause the corresponding change of the same dual variable value from 0 to 1.

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida


4. For all the dual variables of the state diagram we calculate the following
expression:

The “Present State of X variable” is used as a memory type element that updates
the current value of the variable. This term has the same role as the “self-latching
contact” principle, describing the empirical methodology of circuit design.
5. Based on the extracted and simplified logical expressions from Step 4, we
design the industrial automation circuit.

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 10


Example START/STOP Operation of a Motor
Let’s consider a machine operating with a direct on line starting motor. The
automation circuit will contain a power relay C, which will control the power supply
of the motor, and inherently has two states: C=0 where the motor is not
in operation and C=1 where the motor is in operation.

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Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida
Machine Operation by Pushbuttons and Sensor
• Let’s consider the case of a machine that contains two direct on line starting motors being supplied by
power through the relays C1 and C2.
• The first motor (C1) is being controlled manually through the utilization of two pushbuttons, b0 for STOP
and b1 for START.
• The second motor (C2) is being controlled from a sensor s.
• Moreover, in this automation we would like to introduce the concept of mutual exclusion, which means
that the operation of one motor should exclude the operation of the other one.

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Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida
Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 13
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCD8XcPvWHA

Industrial Automation by Dr. K. Vinida 14

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