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Week 1 1 Internal Combustion Engines

The document discusses internal combustion engines, which derive heat energy from fuel combustion within the engine cylinder. There are two main types: external combustion engines where combustion occurs outside the cylinder, and internal combustion engines where combustion occurs inside the cylinder. Internal combustion engines have advantages like higher efficiency, lower weight, and lower cost. They are further classified by operating cycle, combustion cycle, cooling method, ignition type, application, and speed. Common applications include road vehicles, aircraft, locomotives, construction equipment, and industrial uses. Diesel engines are widely used for construction machinery, generators, ships, and more.

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Sayed Shafei
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37 views

Week 1 1 Internal Combustion Engines

The document discusses internal combustion engines, which derive heat energy from fuel combustion within the engine cylinder. There are two main types: external combustion engines where combustion occurs outside the cylinder, and internal combustion engines where combustion occurs inside the cylinder. Internal combustion engines have advantages like higher efficiency, lower weight, and lower cost. They are further classified by operating cycle, combustion cycle, cooling method, ignition type, application, and speed. Common applications include road vehicles, aircraft, locomotives, construction equipment, and industrial uses. Diesel engines are widely used for construction machinery, generators, ships, and more.

Uploaded by

Sayed Shafei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internal Combustion

Engines
Lecture (1-1)
Introduction
Heat Engine
• Any type of engine or machine which derives heat
energy from the combustion of fuel or any other
source and converts this energy into mechanical
work.
Heat engines may be classified into two main classes
as follows :
1. External combustion engines (E.C. engines)
In this case, combustion of fuel takes place outside
the cylinder as in case of steam engines

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2. Internal combustion engines (I.C. engines)
In this case, combustion of the fuel with oxygen of
the air occurs within the cylinder of the engine.

Advantages of internal combustion engines over


external combustion engines :
1. Overall efficiency is high.
2. Weight to power ratio is generally low.
3. Generally lower initial cost.
4. These units are compact and thus require less
space.
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Advantages of the external combustion engines over
internal combustion engines :
1. Starting torque is generally high.
2. Because of external combustion of fuel, cheaper
fuels can be used. Even solid fuels can be used.
3. Due to external combustion of fuel it is possible to
have flexibility in arrangement.
4. These units are self-starting with the working fluid
whereas in case of internal combustion engines,
some additional equipment or device is used for
starting the engines.
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Classification of I.C. Engines
1. According to cycle of operation :
(i) Two stroke cycle engines
(ii) Four stroke cycle engines.
2. According to cycle of combustion :
(i) Otto cycle engine (combustion at constant
volume) SI engine or Gasoline or Petrol engine.
(ii) Diesel cycle engine (combustion at constant
pressure) compression-ignition engine (C.I. engine)
(iii) Dual-combustion or Semi-Diesel cycle engine
(combustion partly at constant volume and partly at
constant pressure).
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According to their uses :
(i) Stationary engine (ii) Portable engine
(iii) Marine engine (iv) Automobile engine
(v) Aero engine etc.
According to the speed of the engine :
(i) Low speed engine (ii) Medium speed engine
(iii) High speed engine.
According to method of ignition :
(i) Spark-ignition engine (ii) Compression-ignition
engine.
According to method of cooling the cylinder :
(i) Air-cooled engine (ii) Water-cooled engine 7
The I.C. engines are generally used for :
(i) Road vehicles (e.g., scooter, motorcycle, buses
etc.)
(ii) Aircraft
(iii) Locomotives
(iv) Construction in civil engineering equipment
such as bull-dozer, scraper, etc.
(v) Several industrial applications.

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The applications of various engines separately are
listed below :
1. Small two-stroke petrol engines :
The 250 c.c. engine developing a maximum brake
power of about 9 kW at 4500 r.p.m. is generally
used in motor cycles.
2. Small four-stroke petrol engines :
These engines are primarily used in automobiles.
3. Four stroke diesel engines :
The power delivered per cylinder varying from 1 to
1000 kW.
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Diesel engine is employed for the following :
• Construction machinery
• Air compressors and drilling jigs
• Tractors
• Jeeps, cars and taxies
• Mobile and stationary electric generating plant
• Boats and ships.
4. Two stroke diesel engines :
These engines having very high power are usually
employed for ship propulsion, Ex:
Nordberg, 2 stroke, 12-cylinder 80 cm bore and 155 cm
stroke, diesel engine develops 20000 kW at 120 r.p.m.
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5. Radial piston engine in small aircraft propulsion :
Radial four stroke petrol engines having power
range from 300 kW to 4000 kW have been used in
small aircrafts.

In modern large aircrafts, instead of these engines,


gas turbine plant as turboprop engine or turbojet
engine and gas turbine engines are used.

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