S-48 Science

ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) In plane mirror, object distance = image distance
a µg sin 41°
∴ aµg = =
∴ Distance between object and image a µw sin θ
= 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 m  sin 60° sin 60°  sin 41°
360° or  =
2. (a)
= n = 4  sin 35° sin 41°  sin θ
90° ∴ q = 35°
so numbe of images is (n – 1 ) ⇒ (4 – 1) = 3
58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (c) 61 (d) 62. (d)
3. (b) Concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror
63. (a) 64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (d) 67. (a)
4. (c) For all spherical mirrors f = R/2
68. (a) 69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (b) 72. (a)
Image height
5. (c) given, m = >1 73. (a)
object height
360°
74. (c) Number of images formed = − 1 = 7.
⇒ Image height > Object height θ
75. (c)
6. (b) Convex mirror always form virtual and erect image.
1 1 f1 + f 2
7. (b) 8. (c) 76. (b) P = P1 + P2 ⇒ P
= +  ⇒ P= f f
f1 f 2 1 2
1
9. (a) Power = 77. (c) According to laws of reflection,
focal length
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Image height
10. (a) Magnification, m = A
Object height Incident
ray
11. (b) Diminished, erect image is formed by convex Normal
mirror.
12.
(b)
13.
(b)
14. (a)
15. (c)
30°

1 1 1 60°
16. (d) For a spherical lens − =
v u f x
O 60°
For convex lens. u = – f /2 and f is + ve
1 1 1 1 1 2 
∴ = + + =+ − r
∴v=–f
v f u f f f
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (a) B
Reflected
22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (b) ray
27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (d) 30. (d) 31. (d) 
∴ if a vector r is along the reflected ray, then
32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (a) 
= r cos30°iˆ − sin 30 ˆj
37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (a) 41. (b)
 3ˆ 1 ˆ
42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (c) =r i− j
2 2
47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (b) 51. (d) 
=r 3 iˆ − ˆj
52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (c) 55. (c) 56. (a)
Hence, the direction of the reflected ray vector is .
sin 60° sin 60°
57. (b) aµg = and aµw = ˆ ˆ
sin 35° sin 41° 3i − j
Light-Reflection and Refraction S-49
78. (a) Angle of incidence, i = 90° – θ, decreases with 1 1 1 1 1 1
increase in θ upto angle of incidence i = critical = –   ⇒  = –
–15 v2 20 v2 20 15
angle reflection takes place so x is positive and
beyond the critical angle refraction takes place so x ∴ v2 = –60 cm
is negative. Therefore image shifts away from mirror by
Hence graph ‘A’ correctly depicts variation of x with = 60 – 24 = 36 cm
the angle θ. 82. (c) For the end B, image distance of end B will be,
1 1 1 f = 10 cm
79. (c) For lens A, = –
f v u
A B
uB = –18 cm
1 1  1 
⇒ = ––  vB = image distance of end B
30 v  40 
O As we know,
1 1 1
⇒ = +
30 v 40 40 cm 30 cm 1 1 1
= v −u
4–3 1 f B B
= = or, v = 120 cm.
120 120 1 1 1
For lens B, u = 90 cm [u = 120 – 30] v = f + u
B B
1 1 1 1 1 1
= – ⇒ = – 1 1 1 8
f v u 30 v 90 v = − =
1 1 1 3 +1 B 10 18 180
= + =
v 30 90 90 180
vB = ⇒ 22.5 cm
or, v = 22.5 cm 8
Which is positive so that it is 22.5 cm from lens B. Similarly, for the end A, image distance of end A
will be,
80. (d) Two mirrors are inclined at an angle, θ = ?
f = 10 cm
According to question, emergent ray is parallel to
incident ray uA = –20 cm
∴ deviation angle δ = 180° vA = image distance of end A
But δ = 360° – 2θ 1 1 1
= v −u
or, 360° – 2θ = 180° f A A

or, 2θ = 180°  1 1 1
= f + u
∴ θ = 90° vA A

81. (b) 1 1 1 1
f = 15 cm = − =
vA 10 20 20
O 40 cm
vA = 20 cm
So, length of image A’B’ = (vB – vA)
= 22.5 – 20 = 2.5 cm
1 1 1
Using mirror formula, = + A′B′ 2.5
f v1 u So magnification, m = ⇒ = 1.25
AB 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
– 15= v + u ⇒ =
v –15
+
40 v
1 1 83. (c) +5 =− ⇒ v =−5u
∴ v1 = –24 cm u
When object is displaced by 20 cm towards mirror 1 1 1 1 1 −1
Now, u2 = –20 Using ⇒ + = ⇒ + =
v u f −5u u 0.4
1 1 1 ∴ u = – 0.32 m.
So, = +
f v2 u2
S-50 Science
84. (a) Given, 1 1 1
− =
Object distance, u = 30cm V −40 20
when a lens is cut along the principle axis into two or, V = 40 cm from converging lens real and
equal parts focal length remains same for each part. inverted.
\ Focal length, f = 20cm 92. (d) When mirror is rotated by angle θ reflected ray will
using lens formula be rotated by 2θ.

1 1 1 light
= - spot 
f v u
y
1 1 1 1
Þ = - = source
v 20 30 60 2
Mirror
(L) x
⇒ v = 60 cm
85. (c) Focal length of a lens, F = 25 cm y y
= 2θ ⇒ θ =
f = 0.25 m x 2x
1 1 93. (b) Given:  d1 = 5 cm, µ1 = 1.33
P = = = 4D
f 0.25    d2 = 2 cm, µ2 = 1.5
86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (a) 89. (a) d1 and d2 are the thickness of slabs of medium with
refractive index µ1 and µ2, respectively.
90. (d) Here µcs2 > µ water > µair
(1.6) (1.33) (1.0) d1 d 2
i.e., CS2 is denser than water and water is denser than air. using formula, d = µ + µ + .....
1 2

When medium outside a lens is denser than medium 5 2

Apparent depth, d = +
of lens, then a concave lens will acts like a convex 1.33 1.5
lens and vice-versa. = 5.088 cm = 5.1 cm
Hence, lens here acts as a diverging lens when filled
with CS2 and immersed in water.
94. (d)
91. (c) As parallel beam incident on diverging lens will
form image at focus. O O'
µ
∴ v = –25 cm
10 cm
15 cm

As the object and image distance is same, object is

placed at 2 f. Therefore 2 f = 10
or f = 5 cm.
 1
d t 1 − 
Shift due to slab, =
 µ
in the direction of incident ray

 2
f = –25 cm f = 20 cm ⇒ d= 1.5 1 − =
 0.5 cm
 3
The image formed by diverging lens is used as an
object for converging lens, Now, u = – 9.5 cm
So for converging lens u = –25 – 15 = –40 cm,  f = 1 1 1
Again using lens formulas − =
20 cm v −9.5 5
⇒ v = 10.55 cm
∴ Final image formed by converging lens
Thus, screen is shifted by a distance d = 10.55 – 10
= 0.55 cm away from the lens.
Light-Reflection and Refraction S-51
95. (a) Object size h0 = 5.0 cm, f = 20 cm, 100. (d) Among the given material kerosene refractive index,
Object distance u = – 30 cm µ = 1.44, water µ = 1.33, mustard oil µ = 1.46 and
glycerine µ = 1.74. Glycerine is most optically denser.
1 1 1 Therefore, ray of light bend most in glycerine.
Since, – =
v u f
sin i v
1 1 1 101. (a) = n21 = 1
= + sin r v2
v f u
102. (a) 103. (c) 104. (b)
1 1 1 1
Then = + = 105. (d) Any size of lens, can form full image, only intensity
v 20 –30 60 of image decreases with decrease in size.
∴ v = + 60 cm
106. (c) The rays from centre of hemisphere cut at the centre
Positive sign of v shows that image is formed at a after refraction - Snell’s law is valid in each case of
distance of 60 cm from the pole to the right of the refraction.
lens.
107. (d) 108. (d) 109. (a) 110. (b)
Therefore image is real and inverted. 111. (b) 112. (c)
1 1 113. (c) Virtual image is formed when the rays of light after
96. (a) Power = = = +5D
f 0.2m reflection or refraction appear to meet at a point.
97. (a) From figure, angle of incidence, i = 60° and angle of 114. (a) 115. (a) 116. (c) 117. (c)
refraction, r = 45°
118. (A) → p; (B) → p; (C) → r; (D) → p
Refractive index of the medium B relative to
119. (A) → r; (B) → p; (C) → q; (D) → s
medium A, (from Snell’s law)
120. positive, negative. 121. straight lines.
 3
  122. away from, towards 123. air-glass, glass-air, parallel
sin i sin 60°  2  3
µ BA= = = =
sin r sin 45°  1  2 124. focal length 125. dioptre
 
 2 126. equal 127. inwards, outwards.
98. (a) Since light rays in the medium B goes towards 128. concave 129. pole
normal (figure), so it has greater refractive index 130. front 131.
principal axis
i.e., denser w.r.t. medium A. Hence, refractive index
of medium B relative to medium A is greater than 132. principal focus 133.
concave
unity. 134. lens. 135.
convergence or divergence
99. (b) In a rectangular glass slab, the emergent rays are 136. convex 137. 5/4
parallel to the direction of the incident ray, as the 138. True 139. True 140. True 141. True
extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite
parallel faces air-glass and glass-air interface of 142. True 143. True 144. True 145. True
the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite. 146. True 147. True 148. True 149. False
This is why the ray emerges are parallel to the 150. True 151. False 152. False 153. True
incident ray. 154. False 155. False