Shamanur Education Trust (R), Davangere

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent P.U. Science College

Subject – II PUC MATHEMATICS
MID-TERM ASSIGNMENT 2021

Relations and Functions 18) If A contains 3 elements and B contains 2

elements, then find the number of one-
One Marks
one functions from A to B.
1) Define a reflexive relation.
2) Define a symmetric relation.
Two or Three Marks Questions
3) Define a transitive relation.
Relations:
4) Define an equivalence relation.
1) Check whether the relation 𝑅 defined in
5) A relation R on 𝐴 = {1,2,3} define by
the set {1,2,3,4,5,6} as
𝑅 = {(1,2) (2,3) (3,3)} is not symmetric,
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1} is reflexive or
why?
symmetric.
6) Give an example of a relation which is
2) Determine whether the relation R in the
symmetric but neither reflexive nor
set A = {1,2,3 . . . . . . 13,14} defined as
transitive.
R = {(x, y): 3x − y = 0} , is reflexive,
7) Give an example of a relation which is
symmetric and transitive
transitive but neither reflexive nor
3) Determine whether the relation 𝑅 defined
symmetric.
in the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} as
8) Give an example of a relation which is
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 } is
reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
9) Give an example of a relation which is
4) Check whether the relation 𝑅 defined in
symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.
the set 𝑁 of natural number as
10) Give an example of a relation which is only
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 , 𝑥 ≤ 4} is
reflexive.
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
11) Give an example of a relation which is
5) Show that the relation 𝑅 in the set
reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by
12) Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3} then find the number of
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4} is
relations containing (1,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1,3)
an equivalence relation.
which are reflexive, symmetric but not
6) Prove that the relation R in the set of
transitive.
integers Z defined by
13) Show that the number of equivalence
R = {(x, y): x − y is an integer) is an
relations in the set {1,2,3} containing
equivalence relation.
(1,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2,1) is two.
7) Show that the relation R in the set 𝐴 =
14) Define an onto function.
{1,2,3,4,5} given by
15) Define a one-one function.
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏|𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}, is an
16) Define a bijective function.
equivalence relation.
17) Write the number of all one-one functions
from the set 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} to it self.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 1


8) Show that the Relation R in the set Z of 8) Show that function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 defined by
integers given by 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(2) = 1 & 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 for
𝑅 = {(𝑥 𝑦): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑥 − 𝑦)} is an every 𝑥 > 2,
Equivalence Relation. is onto but not one - one.
9) Show that the Relation R in the set Z of 9) Show that function 𝑓: 𝑅∗ → 𝑅∗ defined as
integers given by %
𝑓(𝑥) = & is both one-one and onto, where
𝑅 = {(𝑥 𝑦): 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑥 − 𝑦)} is an 𝑅∗ is the set of all non-zero real numbers
Equivalence Relation. 10) Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}
10) Show that the relation R in R defined consider the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by
as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎 ≤ 𝑏} , is reflexive and &'!
𝑓(𝑥) = &'". is f is one-one and onto
transitive but not symmetric.
function?
11) Check whether the relation 𝑅 in 𝑅 defined
11) Consider the identity function 𝐼( : 𝑁 → 𝑁
by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 ! } is reflexive,
defined as 𝐼( (𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁. Show that
symmetric or transitive.
𝐼( is onto but 𝐼( + 𝐼( : 𝑁 → 𝑁 defined as
12) Check whether the relation 𝑅 in 𝑅 defined
(𝐼( + 𝐼( )(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is not onto.
by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 " } is reflexive,
12) Show that the function 𝑓: → 𝑅 → 𝑅
symmetric or transitive.
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is neither one-one
nor onto.
Five Marks Questions
13) Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by
1) Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁
𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], [𝑥] is a greatest integer
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! is one-one , onto
function then show that 𝑓 is neither one-
and bijective.
one nor onto.
2) Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the
14) Show that the signum function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅
function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 4𝑥. Is it a bijective function?
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = _ 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 is neither
3) Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! is one-one , onto
one-one nor onto.
and bijective.
4) Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 " is one-one , onto Inverse Trigonometric Function
and bijective.
5) Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 One Mark Questions
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 # is one-one , onto 1) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin'% 𝑥.
and bijective. 2) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos '% 𝑥.
6) If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 ! , 3) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = tan'% 𝑥.
then show that f is neither one-one nor 4) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = cosec '% 𝑥.
5) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sec '% 𝑥.
onto.
6) Write the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = cot '% 𝑥.
7) Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅
7) Write the range of 𝑦 = sin'% 𝑥. ( Write the
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is one-one , onto
principal value branch of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin'% 𝑥)
and bijective.
8) Write the range of 𝑦 = cos '% 𝑥.
9) Write the range of 𝑦 = tan'% 𝑥.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 2


'% 8) If a matrix has 5 elements, what are the
10) Write the range of 𝑦 = cosec 𝑥.
11) Write the range of 𝑦 = sec '% 𝑥. possible orders it can have?
12) Write the range of 𝑦 = cot '% 𝑥. 9) Find the all number of possible matrices of
13) If 𝑥 = sin'% 𝑦, then find the values of 𝑦. order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1?
14) Write a range of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin'% 𝑥 other than 10) If l𝑎+, m-×/ is a square matrix then write
') )
c ! , ! d. the condition for 𝑚 & 𝑛.
15) Write a range of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos '% 𝑥 other 11) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, 𝐴 = l𝑎+, m,
(+1,)!
than [0, 𝜋]. whose elements are given by 𝑎+, = !
%
16) Find the principal value of sin'% f g. 12) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, 𝐴 = l𝑎+, m,
√!
(+1!,)!
whose elements are given by 𝑎+, =
Two Marks Questions: !
√" 13) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, 𝐴 = l𝑎+, m,
17) Find the principal value of sin'% f− !
g.
+
'% (−1). whose elements are given 𝑎+, = ,
18) Find the principal value of sin
19) Find the principal value of tan'% h−√3j. 14) Construct a 2 X 2 matrix A = la34 m whose
%
20) Find the principal value of cos '% f− !g.
% elements are given by ! |−3i + j|.

21) Find the principal value of cosec '% h−√2j. 15) Construct a 3 × 2 matrix, 𝐴 = l𝑎+, m,
% whose elements are given by
22) Find the principal value of tan'% f− g. %
√"
'% (−1).
𝑎+, = ! |𝑖 − 3𝑗|
23) Find the principal value of cos
16) Find the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧
24) Find the principal value of sec '% (−2).
4 3 𝑦 𝑧
25) Find the principal value of cot '% f−
%
g. if c d=c d.
√"
𝑥 5 1 5
26) Find the value of the following 1
17) Find the value of s2t [2 3 4]
% %
1) cos '% f!g + 2 sin'% f!g 3
% % 18) Define symmetric matrix.
2) tan'% (1) + cos '% f− !g + sin'% f− !g
19) Define skew symmetric matrix.
3) tan'% h√3j − sec '% (−2) 0 𝑎 3
20) If the matrix s2 𝑏 −1t is skew-
𝑐 1 0
Matrices symmetric then find 𝑎, 𝑏 and c
One Mark Questions:
Three Marks Questions
1) Define a diagonal matrix. 𝑥+𝑦 2 6 2
1) Find 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 if u v=f g
2) Define a scalar matrix. 5 + 𝑧 𝑥𝑦 5 8
3) Define an identity matrix. 2 −1 10
2) If 𝑥 c d + 𝑦 c d = c d then find
4) If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the 3 1 5
𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
possible orders it can have? 𝑥 𝑧 1 −1 3 5
5) If a matrix has 13 elements, what are the 3) If 2 c𝑦 𝑡 d + 3 c d = 3c d then
0 2 4 6
possible orders it can have? find 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡.
6) If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0
possible orders it can have? 4) If𝐹(𝑥) = s sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0t , show that
0 0 1
7) If a matrix has 8 elements, what are the 𝐹(𝑥)𝐹(𝑦) = 𝐹(𝑥 + 𝑦)
possible orders it can have?
Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 3

5) Express the following matrix as sum of 1 2 3 2 3 4
symmetric skew symmetric matrix. 6) If 𝐴 = s−4 5 6t 𝐵 = s5 −3 0 t
7 8 0 4 5 −3
3 5 1 2 2 3 −1
1) A = c d 2) A = c d
1 −1 3 4 & 𝐶 = s 4 5 6 t calculate AB, AC
1 2
3) A = c d −1 2 3
2 −1
1 5 and 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) Also verify that
6) If 𝐴 = f g then verify i) 𝐴 + 𝐴5 is 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶.
6 7
symmetric ii) 𝐴 − 𝐴5 is skew-symmetric. 1 2 −3 3 −1 2
7) For any square matrix A with Real 7) If A = s5 0 2 t , B = s4 2 5t
1 −1 1 2 0 3
numbers. Prove that A + A6 is a 4 1 2
symmetric and A − A6 is a skew and C = s0 3 2t then compute
symmetric. 1 −2 3
(A + B) and (B − C). Also verify
8) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are symmetric matrices then
A + (B − C) = (A + B) − C.
prove that 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 is a skew symmetric
0 6 7 0 1 1
matrix. 8) If 𝐴 = s−6 0 8t , 𝐵 = s1 0 2t
9) If A and B are symmetric matrices of the 7 −8 0 1 2 0
same order, then show that AB is 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = s−2t Calculate AC, BC and
symmetric if and only if A and B commute,
3
that is AB = BA . (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶. Also, verify that
(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶.
Five Marks Questions 1 1 −1 1 3
1 2 3 9) If 𝐴 = z2 0 3 { , 𝐵 = z 0 2{
1) If 𝐴 = s3 −2 1t then show that 3 −1 2 −1 4
4 2 1 1 2 3 −4
& 𝐶 = f g , prove that
"
𝐴 − 23 𝐴 − 40𝐼 = 0. 2 0 −2 1
1 0 2 𝐴(𝐵𝐶) = (𝐴𝐵)𝐶
2) If 𝐴 = z0 2 1{ then prove that −2
2 0 3 10) If 𝐴 = s 4 t and 𝐵 = [1 3 −6], verify
𝐴" − 6𝐴! + 7𝐴 + 2𝐼 = 𝑂 5
2 0 1 that (𝐴𝐵)5 = 𝐵5 𝐴5 .
3) If 𝐴 = z0 −3 0{ then prove that 1
0 0 4 11) If 𝐴 = s−4t 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [−1 2 1], verify
𝐴 − 3𝐴! − 10𝐴 + 24𝐼 = 𝑂
" 3
1 2 2 0 1 1 that (𝐴𝐵)5 = 𝐵5 𝐴5 .
4) If 𝐴 = c d 𝐵 = c d & 𝐶 = c d
2 1 1 3 2 3 3 4
−1 2 1
calculate AC, BC and (𝐴 + 𝐵). 𝐶. Also 12) If 𝐴5 = s−1 2t & 𝐵 = c d then
1 2 3
verify that (𝐴 + 𝐵). 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶. 0 1
2 3 3 8 verify (𝐴 − 𝐵)5 = 𝐴5 − 𝐵′ &
5) If 𝐴 = c d 𝐵 = c d and (𝐴 + 𝐵)5 = 𝐴5 + 𝐵′
4 −5 11 21
7 13
𝐶 = c d then verify that
5 19
(𝐵 + 𝐶). 𝐴 = 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐶𝐴.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 4


Determinants
One Mark Questions: Two Marks Questions
1 2 1) Using determinants, find the area of the
1) If 𝐴 = c d, find |2𝐴|.
4 2
triangle whose vertices are
1 2
2) If 𝐴 = c d, find |2𝐴|. 1) (3,8), (−4,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5,1)
3 4
1 0 1 2) (−2, −3), (3,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1, −8)
3) If 𝐴 = s0 1 2t, then find |3𝐴|.
3) (2,7), (1,1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (10,8)
0 0 4
3 𝑥 3 2 4) (1,3), (2,5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (7,5)
4) Find the values of 𝑥 if ƒ ƒ=ƒ ƒ.
𝑥 1 4 1 5) (2,0), (−1,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,3)
𝑥 2 6 2
5) Find x if ƒ ƒ=ƒ ƒ. 6) (1,0), (6,0) and (4,3)
18 𝑥 18 6
2 4 2𝑥 4 2) If the area of the triangle with vertices
6) If ƒ ƒ=ƒ ƒ, find 𝑥.
5 1 6 𝑥 (−2,0), (0,4) and (0, k) is 4 square units,
2 3 𝑥 3
7) If ƒ ƒ=ƒ ƒ, find the values of 𝑥. find the values of k using determinants.
4 5 2𝑥 5
2 3 𝑥 3 3) Find values of k, if area of triangle is 4 sq.
8) If ƒ ƒ=ƒ ƒ, find the values of 𝑥.
4 5 2𝑥 5 units and vertices are ( k , 0) , ( 4, 0 ) , ( 0, 2 )
9) If A is a square matrix with |𝐴| = 2. Find
using determinants.
the value of |𝐴𝐴5 |.
4) If the area of the triangle with vertices
10) If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 𝑛, find the
(2, −6), (5,4)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑘, 4) is 35 square
value of |𝐾𝐴|.
units, find values of k using determinants.
11) If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 3 × 3, find
5) If the area of the triangle with vertices
the value of |𝐾𝐴|.
(1,3), (0,0)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑘, 0) is 3 square units,
12) If A is a square matrix of order 3 and
find values of k using determinants.
|𝐴| = 4. Find the value of |2𝐴|.
1 2 6) Using determinants, find the equation of
13) If A = c d, then show that
4 2 the line joining
|2A| = 4|𝐴|. 1) (1,2) & (3,6).
14) If A is a invertible matrix of order 2, then 2) (3,1) & (9,3)
find |𝐴'% |. 3) (3,2) &(−1, −3)
1 2 4) (−3, −2) & (5, −7)
15) If 𝐴 = c d, find |𝐴'% |.
4 2
7) Using determinant show that points
16) If A is a square matrix of order 3 and
|𝐴| = 4, then find |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|. 𝐴(𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), 𝐵(𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎) and 𝐶(𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏)
2 3 are collinear.
17) If 𝐴 = c d, find 𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴.
1 4
3 𝑥 Five Marks Questions
18) If the matrix ! & is singular then find 𝑥.
2 4
19) Define singular matrix. 1) Solve the following system of equations
20) Define Adjoint of a matrix. using matrix method.
i) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0
and 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 5


ii) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7 , 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5𝑧 = −5 Continuity and Differentiability
and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12
One Mark Questions:
iii) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4
1) Write the points of discontinuity for the
and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], −3 < 𝑥 < 3.
iv) 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11,3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5
%
and 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3 2) The function 𝑓(𝑥) = &'7 is not continuous
v) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1 at 𝑥 = 5. Justify the statement.
𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4 3) Find
89
, if 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝜋.
8&
vi) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1 and 89
4) Find , if 𝑦 = 𝑥 " + tan 𝑥.
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2. 8&

vii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6 , 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 11 and 5) Find the derivative of 𝑦 = tan(2𝑥 + 3).

89
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 6) If 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 ! + 5), find 8&
.
viii) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2𝑧 = 60, 7) If 𝑦 = cos(sin 𝑥), find
89
.
8&
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 90, 89
8) If 𝑦 = sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏), find .
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 70. 8&
89
2 −3 5 9) If 𝑦 = cosh√𝑥j, find .
8&
2) If 𝐴 = s3 2 −4t , find 𝐴'% . Using 𝐴'% 89
1 1 −2 10) If 𝑦 = log(sin 𝑥), find 8&
.
solve the system of equations 89
11) Find 8&
, if 𝑦 = 𝑒 '& .
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11, 89
12) Find , if 𝑦 = sin(log 𝑥).
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3 8&
89
1 −1 2 −2 0 1 13) Find , if 𝑦 = cos '% (𝑒 '& ).
8&
3) Use Product z0 2 −3{ z 9 2 −3{ 89
3 −2 4 6 1 −2 14) Find 8&
, if 𝑦 = sin'% h𝑥 √𝑥j.
to solve 𝑥 −𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1 , 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1 and 89 "# &
15) Find 8&
, if 𝑦 = 𝑒 :3; .
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2
89 $
16) Find 8&
, if 𝑦 = 𝑒 & .
89
Four Marks Questions 17) If 𝑦 = 𝑒 <=: & , find .
8&
2 3 89
1) If 𝐴 = f g satisfying the equation 18) Find , if 𝑦 = cos(1 − 𝑥).
1 2 8&
1 0 19) Find
89
, if 𝑦 = log(log 𝑥) , 𝑥 > 0.
𝐴! − 4𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂 where 𝐼 = c d 𝑎𝑛𝑑
0 1 8&
89
0 0 20) Find 8& , if 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥.
𝑂 = c d then find 𝐴'% .
0 0 89
3 1 21) If 𝑦 = 𝑒 >=? & , prove that 8& = 1.
2) If 𝐴 = f g satisfying the equation
−1 2 89
22) If 𝑦 = 𝑒 " >=? & , then show that 8& = 3𝑥 !
𝐴! − 5𝐴 + 7𝐼 = 𝑂 then find the inverse of A
1 0 √&1% √&'%
using this equation where 𝐼 = c d 23) If 𝑦 = sec '% f g + sin'% f g then
√&'% √&1%
0 1
89
0 0 prove that 8& = 0
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂 = c d.
0 0

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 6


Continuity (4 marks ) Implicit Function
1) Check the continuity of the function 𝑓 89
1) If 𝑦 + sin 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 8& .
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 at 𝑥 = 1 (2m) 89
2) Find 8& if 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = sin 𝑦
2) Find all the points of discontinuity of the
FG
function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| − |𝑥 + 1| 3) Find FH , if x ! + xy + y ! = 100
3) Find the value of k, FG
4) Find FH, if 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 ! = cos 𝑦.
@ <=: & )
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ ! 89
𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = ˆ )'!&
is 5) If sin! 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝑦 = 𝑘 then find 8&
)
3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = ! 6) If √x + ‘y = √10 then show that
)
continuous at 𝑥 = ! FG G
FH + ”H = 0.
4) Find the value of K so that the function
𝐾𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 5 7) If √x + ‘y = √a then show that
𝑓(𝑥) = Š at 𝑥 = 5 is
3𝑥 − 5, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 5
FG G
a continuous function. FH = −”H.
5) Find the value of K, FG
8) If √x + ‘y = 5 then find FH at (4,9) .
! 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
if 𝑓(𝑥) = ‹𝐾𝑥 is continuous 9) If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) then prove that
3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
I%'9 !
at 𝑥 = 2. 𝑦5 = &
6) Find the value of k, 10) If 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎 + 𝑦) + sin 𝑎 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) = 0
𝑘𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ p :3;! (J19)
𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = Š is then prove that 8& =
89
cos 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > p :3; J
continuous everywhere 11) If cos 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎 + 𝑦)then prove that
7) Find the relationship between ‘a’ and ‘b’ 89 <=:! (J19)
8&
= :3; J
so that the function ‘f’ defined by
12) If 𝑥‘1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0 & 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦, then
𝑎𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) = Š is continuous 89 %
𝑏𝑥 + 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 3 prove that 8& = − (%1&)!
at 𝑥 = 3
8) For what value of 𝜆 is the function defined Parametric Function
𝜆(𝑥 ! − 2𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 FG
by 𝑓(𝑥) = Š 1) Find FH, if 𝑥 = sin 𝑡 , 𝑦 = cos 2𝑡
4𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
89
continuous at 𝑥 = 0? 2) If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 tan 𝜃 then find 8&
9) Find the values of a and b such that #
3) If 𝑥 = 4𝑡 , 𝑦 = K then find 8&
89

5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
4) If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 ! and 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡 then show that
𝑓(𝑥) = _𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥 < 10 is a
89 %
21 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 10 8&
= K
continuous function. 89
5) Find 8& 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝜃 sin 𝜃) and
𝑦 = 𝑎(sin 𝜃 − 𝜃 cos 𝜃)
Two or Three Marks Questions 6) If x = a (θ + sin θ) and y = a(1 − cos θ).
Chain rule FG L
Prove that FH = tan !
1) Differentiate (3𝑥 ! − 7𝑥 + 3)𝟓/𝟐 w.r.t 𝑥
89 7) If 𝑥 = 𝑎(q − sin q) & 𝑦 = 𝑎 (1 + cos q) then
2) If 𝑦 = log E (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) then find 8& 89 q
prove that 8& = − cot f!g .
3) Find the derivative of
cos 𝑥 . cos 2𝑥 . cos 3𝑥 w.r.t 𝑥

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 7


M
8) If 𝑥 = a fcos t + log tan !g , y = a sin t Five Marks Questions
FG 1) If 𝑦 = 3 cos(log 𝑥) + 4 sin(log 𝑥) then
prove that = tan t
FH prove that 𝑥 ! 𝑦! + 𝑥𝑦% + 𝑦 = 0
9) If x = ‘a:3; and y = ‘a<=:
"# M "# M
then 2) If 𝑦 = sin'% 𝑥 then show that
FG
prove that FH = − H
G (1 − 𝑥 ! )𝑦" − 𝑥𝑦′ = 0
3) If y = (tan'% x)! then show that
10) If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos " 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin" 𝜃, prove
(x ! + 1)! y! + 2x (x ! + 1) y% = 2.
89 $ 9
that 8& = −”&
4) If 𝑦 = (sin'% 𝑥)! show that
8!9 89
Differentiation of one function w.r.t another (1 − 𝑥 ! ) − 𝑥 8& = 2
8& !
1) Differentiate sin! 𝑥 with respect to 𝑒 <=: & . 89
5) If 𝑒 9 (𝑥 + 1) = 1, prove that 8& = −𝑒 9
!
2) Differentiate 𝑥 " with respect to 𝑒 & . 8!9 89 !
and hence prove that 8& ! = f8& g
"# H
Differentiation of Logarithmic Function. 6) If y = eO <=: then prove that
1) Differentiate the following with respect (1 − x ! )
F! G FG
− x FH − a! y = 0
FH!
to x. PH
7) If y = Ae + Be;H , show that
% &
1) 𝑦 = fx + Hg F! G FG
FH!
− (m + n) FH + mny = 0 .
2) 𝑦 = 𝑥 &
8) If 𝑦 = 3𝑒 !& + 2𝑒 "& . then prove that
3) y = (log x)<=: H 8!9 89
4) 𝑦 = 𝑥 :3; & 8& ! − 5 8& + 6𝑦 = 0.
5) 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)& 9) If 𝑦 = 500 𝑒 !" + 600 𝑒 #!" then prove that
𝑦$ = 49𝑦
6) 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)(<=: &)
7) 𝑦 = (sin'% 𝑥)&
8) 𝑦 = 𝑥 & − 2:3; & Application of Differentiation
9) 𝑦 = 𝑥 <=: &
10) 𝑦 = 𝑥 :3; & + (sin 𝑥)<=: & Two or three Marks Questions
89 Tangent and Normal
2) If 𝑦 & + 𝑥 9 = 𝑎N then find 8&
1) Find the slope of the tangent to the curve
89
3) Find 8& , If 𝑦 & = 𝑥 9 H'%
y = H'! , x ≠ 2 at x = 10.
89 & >=?% J'9
4) If 𝑥 9 = 𝑎 & then prove that 8& = & >=?% &
. 2) Find the slope of the tangent to the curve
y = x3 – x at x = 2 .
Second Order Derivative: 3) Find the slope of tangent to the curve
8!9
1) If y = 𝑥 " + tan 𝑥 then find 8& ! 𝑦 = 𝑥 " − 3𝑥 + 2 at the point whose x-
8!9 coordinate is 3.
2) If y = sin(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ) then find 8& !
4) Find the slope of normal to the curve
8!9 )
3) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 3𝑥 + 2 then find 8& ! 𝑥 = acos " 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛" 𝜃 at 𝜃 = #
5) Find the point on the curve
𝑦 = 𝑥 " − 11𝑥 + 5 at which the tangent
is 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 11.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 8


6) Find the point on the curve Maxima and Minima
𝑦 = 𝑥 " − 3𝑥 ! − 9𝑥 + 7 at which the 1) Find the local maximum value of the
tangents are parallel to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 " − 3𝑥
&! 9! 2) Find the local maximum and local
7) Find the point on the curve #
+ !7 = 1 at
minimum value of the function
which the tangents are parallel to
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 " − 3𝑥 + 3.
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
3) Find the two positive numbers whose sum
8) Find the point at which the tangent to the
!
is 15 and sum of whose square is
curve 𝑦 = √4𝑥 − 3 − 1 has its slope "
minimum.
9) Find the equation of tangent to the 4) Find the two positive numbers whose sum
parabola 𝑦 ! = 4𝑎𝑥 at (𝑎𝑡 ! , 2𝑎𝑡) is 16 and sum of whose cubes is minimum.
10) Find the equation of tangent and normal 5) Find two numbers whose sum is 24 and
to the curve whose product is an large as possible.
𝑦 = 𝑥 # − 6𝑥 " + 13𝑥 ! − 10𝑥 + 5 at (0,5) 6) Find two positive numbers whose product
11) If two curves 𝑥 = 𝑦 ! and 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘 cut at is 100 and whose sum is minimum.
right angle then prove that 8𝑘 ! = 1 7) Find two positive numbers x and y such
12) Find the equation of tangent to the curve that x + y = 60 and xy " is maximum.
given by 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin" 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑏cos " t at a 8) Find the absolute maximum and absolute
)
point where 𝑡 = ! minimum value of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋]
Increasing and Decreasing Function
1) Find the interval in which the function f Integration
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 ! − 3𝑥 is strictly One Mark Questions
increasing 1) Evaluate∫(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥.
2) Find the interval in which the function f 2) Find ∫(2𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 & ) 𝑑𝑥.
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 + 6 is 3) Find ∫(2𝑥 ! − 3 sin 𝑥 + 5√𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
a. Strictly increasing. 4) ∫(𝑒 & − 𝑥 Q + 𝑒 Q ) 𝑑𝑥
b. Strictly decreasing. %
5) Evaluate ∫ f√𝑥 + g 𝑑𝑥
3) Find the interval in which the function f √&

given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 " − 3𝑥 ! − 36𝑥 + 7 is 6) Find ∫ cosec 𝑥 (cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

a. Strictly increasing. 7) Find ∫ sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
8&
b. Strictly decreasing. 8) Find ∫ & ! '%R.
4) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 9) Find ∫(4𝑒 "& − 1)𝑑𝑥.
a) Strictly decreasing in (0, p) 10) Find ∫(𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥.
b) Strictly increasing in (p, 2p) 11) Find ∫(2𝑥 ! + 𝑒 & ) 𝑑𝑥
c) Neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 2p) 12) Evaluate ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛! 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
!&
5) Prove that if 𝑦 = log(1 + 𝑥) − !1& where 13) Find ∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 > −1 is an increasing function of ‘𝑥’ 14) Find ∫ 𝑒 !&1" 𝑑𝑥
throughout its domain. 15) ∫h𝑒 ! >=? SQT& j 𝑑𝑥
& &
16) ∫ u𝑠𝑖𝑛! f!g − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! f!gv 𝑑𝑥

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 9


17) Find ∫(1 − 𝑥) √𝑥 𝑑𝑥. <=: !&1! :3;! &
4) Evaluate ∫ <=:! &
. dx
%'&
18) Find ∫ 𝑑𝑥. 5) Evaluate ∫
%'<=: !&
. dx
√&
%1<=: !&
& $ '% !'" :3; &
19) Find ∫ &
𝑑𝑥 6) Evaluate ∫ . dx
<=:! &
& $ 17& ! '# :3;$ &1<=:$ &
20) Find ∫ &!
𝑑𝑥 7) Evaluate ∫ f :3;! & <=:! & g 𝑑𝑥
& $ '& ! 1&'% :3; &1:3; !&
21) Find ∫ &'%
𝑑𝑥 8) Evaluate ∫ f g 𝑑𝑥
:3; &
%
22) Find ∫ √1 + cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 9) Evaluate ∫ :3;! & <=:! & 𝑑𝑥
23) Find ∫ √1 − cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 :3;! &'<=:! &
10) Evaluate ∫ f :3;! & <=:! & g 𝑑𝑥
24) Find ∫ √1 + sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
& &
25) Find ∫ sin f!g cos f!g 𝑑𝑥. Integration by the method of Substitution:
26) Find ∫ sin'% (cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 1) Evaluate ∫ sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) dx
:3;! &
SQT ! & 2) Evaluate: ∫ %1<=: & . 𝑑𝑥
27) Find ∫ TUSQT ! & 𝑑𝑥
'
&'% :3; &
&
28) Find ∫ 𝑒 f & ! g 𝑑𝑥. 3) Evaluate ∫V! %1TUS! & 𝑑𝑥
29) Find ∫ 𝑒 & sec 𝑥 (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥. 4) Integrate sin x . sin(cos x) w. r. t. x
30) Write the anti-derivative of 𝑒 !& with 5) Integrate sin" 𝑥 w. r. t. x
respect to 𝑥. 6) Evaluate ∫ cos 6𝑥 √1 + sin 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(%1>=? &)!
31) Find an anti-derivative of 3& with respect 7) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
&
to 𝑥. %
% 8) Evaluate ∫ &1& >=? & 𝑑𝑥
32) Find the anti-derivative of ,𝑥 > 1
&√& ! '% FH
9) Evaluate: ∫ H'√H
with respect to 𝑥.
&!
33) Find the anti-derivative of 10) Evaluate ∫ %'& ( 𝑑𝑥
%
𝑥 ! f1 − g with respect to 𝑥. "& !
&! 11) Evaluate ∫ %1& ( 𝑑𝑥
34) Find an anti-derivative of sin 2𝑥 with Q )*+
"# ,

respect to 𝑥. 12) Integrate %1& !

with r.to x
35) Find an anti-derivative of cos 3𝑥 with % MO;"# &
13) Evaluate ∫V %1& ! 𝑑𝑥
respect to 𝑥. :3;W! MO;"# &X
36) Find an anti-derivative of (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)! with 14) Evaluate ∫ %1& !
𝑑𝑥
" &
respect to 𝑥. 15) Evaluate ∫! 𝑑𝑥
%1& !
37) Find an anti-derivative of sin 2𝑥 − 4𝑒 "& & $ 8&
16) Evaluate ∫ √%'& -
with respect to 𝑥.
Q !, '%
38) Find an anti-derivative of
" S+/ &
with 17) Evaluate ∫ Q !, 1% 𝑑𝑥
TUS ! &
<=: !&
respect to 𝑥. 18) Evaluate ∫ (:3; &1<=: &)! 𝑑𝑥
%
19) Find ∫ <=:! &(%'MO; &)! 𝑑𝑥.
Two or Three Marks Questions
MO;& √& :Y<! √&
Generalized Standard Form: 20) Integrate with r.to x.
√&
1) Find the ant derivative 𝐹(𝑥) of the 21) Evaluate: ∫
<=: !H'<=:! a
dx
" <=: H'<=: a
"
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − & & , if 𝐹(2) = 0 √MO; &
22) Evaluate ∫ :3; & <=: & 𝑑𝑥
2) Evaluate ∫ sin 3x. cos 4x . dx %
3) Evaluate ∫ sin 2x. cos 3x . dx 23) Find ∫ :3; & <=:$ & 𝑑𝑥.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 10


'%
23) Evaluate ∫ log(sin 𝑥) cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 6) Evaluate ∫ tan 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 .
%
25) Evaluate ∫ %1MO; & 𝑑𝑥 7) Integrate x ! . eH w. r. t. x
# 8) Evaluate : ∫ x tan'% x dx.
W& & '&X&
26) Evaluate: ∫ &.
dx 9) Evaluate : ∫
& <=:"# &
𝑑𝑥
√%'& !
:3; &
27) Find ∫ :3;(&1J) 𝑑𝑥. &
10) Evaluate: ∫ 𝑒 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
:3; &
28) Find ∫ :3;(&'J) 𝑑𝑥.
Five Marks Questions
29) Evaluate ∫ tan# 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 8&
30) Evaluate ∫ tan" 2𝑥 sec 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1) Find ∫ & ! 'J! and hence evaluate the
following
8& 8&
1) ∫ "& ! 1%"&'%V 2) ∫ & ! ']&17
Integration by Using Partial Fraction:
8& 8&
&
1) Find ∫ (&'%)(&'!) 𝑑𝑥 3) ∫ & ! '!7 4) ∫ & ! '%R
8&
2) Evaluate ∫ (H1%)(H1!) dx
H 2) Find ∫ J! '& ! and hence evaluate
8& 8&
!H
3) Evaluate ∫ H! 1"H1! dx 1) ∫ %!'& ! 1!& 2) ∫ E'R&'& !
%
%
4) Integrate &(& ! 1%) with respect to 𝑥. 3) Find the integral of & ! 1J! w.r.t 𝑥 and
!& hence find
5) Integrate W𝒙𝟐 1𝟏XW𝒙𝟐 1𝟐X with respect to 𝑥. % %
1) ∫ "1!&1& ! 𝑑𝑥 2) ∫ & ! 'R&1%" 𝑑𝑥
%
6) Integrate &(& 0 1%) with respect to 𝑥. %
4) Find the integral of √& ! with respect to
% 1J !
7) Integrate &(& ! 1%) with respect to 𝑥. x and hence evaluate
% %
𝒙 (𝒇(𝒙) 1) ∫ √& ! 𝑑𝑥. 2) ∫ √& ! 𝑑𝑥
Integration of the form ∫ 𝒆 + 𝒇′(𝒙))𝒅𝒙 1E 1!&1!
% :Y<! &
%
1) Evaluate: ∫ eH fH − H! g dx
% 3) ∫ √& ! 𝑑𝑥 4) ∫ √MO;! 𝑑𝑥
1!&1# &1#
%
2) Evaluate ∫ eH ftan'% 𝑥 + %1& !g dx
% 5) Find the integral of √& ! with respect to
'J !

3) Evaluate ∫ eH 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥(1 + tan 𝑥) dx x and hence evaluate

8& 8&
&Q , 1) ∫ √& ! 2) ∫ √& !
4) Evaluate ∫ (%1&)! 𝑑𝑥 1R&'E '!&
8&
&'% 3) ∫ √& !
5) Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 & f & ! g 𝑑𝑥 '%
%
&'"
6) Evaluate ∫ (&'%)$ 𝑒 & 𝑑𝑥 6) Find the integral of √J! with respect to
'& !

W& ! 1%X.Q ,
𝑥 and hence find
7) Find ∫ . 𝑑𝑥 % 8&
(&1%)! 1) ∫ √E'R&'& ! 𝑑𝑥 2) ∫ √7'#&'& !
%1:3; &
8) Find : ∫ 𝑒 & f%1<=: & g 𝑑𝑥. 8&
3) ∫ √^'!7& !
%
9) Evaluate ∫ flog(log 𝑥) + (>=? &)!g 𝑑𝑥
Linear Programming
Integration By-parts:
1) Find : ∫ 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 One Mark Questions:
2) Find : ∫ 𝑥 ! log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1) Define an objective function of a LPP.
3) Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 sec ! 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2) Define constraints of a LPP.
4) Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3) Define a feasible region of a LPP.
5) Evaluate ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4) Define a feasible solution of a LPP.

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 11


5) Define a infeasible solution of a LPP. 5) 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦. subjected to constraints
6) Define optimal solution of a LPP. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 100, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0 ,
7) Define corner point of a LPP. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200 , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
6) 𝑧 = 600𝑥 + 400𝑦, subject to the
Six Marks Questions constraints 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12 , 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12,
1) Solve the following problem graphically : 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 20 and 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
Maximize and minimize 7) 𝑍 = 4𝑥 + 𝑦 , Subject to the
1) 𝑧 = 10500 𝑥 + 9000 𝑦 subject to constraints: 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 50 ,
constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 50, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 80, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 90 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0. 8) 𝑍 = 200𝑥 + 500𝑦 , Subject to the
2) 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦, Subject to the constraints, constraints: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10 ,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 15, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 24 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0
3) 𝑧 = 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 subject to the constants 9) 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦, Subject to the
𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 60, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 10, 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦, constraints, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 8, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12,
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
4) 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦, subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 60,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≥ 0 and 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Smt. Pushpa Shamanur Mahalingappa Independent Pre-University College, Davangere 12