VINH UNIVERSITY

ENGLISH 2
Extra practice

INTERNAL ONLY
VINH, 2019

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 UNIT 6
GRAMMAR

1. Write sentences with “to- infinitive” using the cues.

1. What / you / hope / do / next summer?
What do you hope to do next summer?
2. He’s buying / car / go to work in.
He’s buying a car to go to work in
3. get fit / have / healthy life.
Get fit to have a healthy life
4. It/ be / hard / get / a good job.
It is hard to get a good job
5. It / be / nice / work / your office?
Is it nice to work in your office?
2. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs.
Good morning everyone and thank you for (come)………..today.
Coming
Do you dislike (look)……….. for new words in a thick, heavy dictionary?
Looking
Can you imagine (have) …………instant access to the world’s biggest dictionary in
every language?
having
Well, today I want (present)………. the latest in electronic dictionaries, the XtraLingo.
To present
It’s so simple that anyone can (use)………… it.
Use
First of all, you need (press)……… the ON button.
To press
Then you begin by (type)……….. in a word in English and the machine will
automatically (give)........... you the translation in any language.
Typing ----- give
And don’t worry about (carry)………. it around because the XtraLingo is the size of a
mobile phone.
Carrying
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3. Choose the correct option to complete sentences.
1. Did Mrs Smith cancel her order? I don’t know. I’ll check/ I’m checking in just a
minute.
I’ll check
2. Will you cook dinner tonight or do you want me to do it? No, I’ll do/ I am doing it.
I am doing
3. In about half an hour, we will need/ are needing to call a taxi.
will need
4. That case looks a bit heavy. I’ll help/ I’m helping you with it
I’ll help
5. In the future, when I’m rich and famous, I am building/ I’m going to build an
enormous house.
I’m going to build

3. Complete the sentences with the correct future form (a-c).

1. I…………..Argentina and Brazil next carnival.
A will visit B. am going to visit C. am visiting
B
2. She …………..what to say when he comes.
A. will decide B. is going to decide C. is deciding
A
3. We …………..the meeting in Room 8 in five minutes.
A. will start B. are going to start C. are starting
C
4. If you haven’t got any sugar left I…… ……..some for you.
A will get B. am going to get C. am getting
A
5. My colleagues …………..in America in January.
A. will study B. are going to study C. are studying
B

4. Rewrite the sentences. Replace the expression in bold with an expression with get
1. We are meeting a lot of old friends.
We are………………….….. with a lot of old friends.
Getting together
2. I can’t stay. I have to return home by 8.
I can’t stay. I have to……………….. home by 8.
Get back
3. Lizzie and Jason had their wedding last Saturday.
Lizzie and Jason……………….. last Saturday.
Got married
4. I usually sleep until 7 every morning.
I usually ……….……….. at 7 every morning.
Get up
5. We have to arrive at the station by 9.
We have to……..………..the station by 9.

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Get to

VOCABULARY
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box.
start a family go to university
get engaged get a driving license
leave home take a career break
get married start my career
1. I………………………... when I was 18 and moved to London.
2. I had to ………………….………..as I needed to drive for my job.
3. I……………………….…..young – I got my first job at 18.
4. I met Anna and we…………………..……..after a few weeks.
5. Then we ……………………..and had a big celebration.
6. We soon …………………..……..and had three children.
7. I never………………..……….. but I have a lot of experience.
8. One day, I’d like to…………………………..and travel the world.
1. Left home
2. get a driving licence
3. started my career
4. got engaged
5. got married
6. started a family
7. went to university
8. take a career break

5. Complete the sentences with these words.

teenagers pensioner middle aged
child young adults infant
1. Mary retired last year and enjoys life as a …………..
2. Students at university are …………..
3. Susan and John visited us with their little………….. son.
4. Children of eleven are like………….. now!
5. He’s very tall, but at eight he is still a …………..
6. ………….. people have a much more active life now than 100 years ago.
1. pensioner
2. young adults
3. infant
4. teenagers
5. child
6. middle aged

6. Tick (√ ) the 6 words which are connected with carnival.

1__ traveler 7—human
2 — fireworks 8—warrior
3 — client 9— mask
4— celebration 10—sheep

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5— border 11 — costume
6—float 12— drums
7. Complete the sentence with a synonym of the words in brackets.
1. Prague is a beautiful ____________________ city. (old)
historic
2. This cake is _____________. Can I have another piece, please? (good)
Delicious/ tasty
3. The book was very ______________and I didn't want to finish it. (boring)
dull
4. When I first left home I was ____________________ because I didn't know anyone
and I missed my family. (sad)
Moody/ unhappy
5. I need to get a ___________ suit to wear when I start my new job. (nice)
Beautiful/ smart
6. I have to wear dark suits for work so I want to get some _____________ clothes for
my holiday next month. (nice)
colorful
7. My grandparents live in a small house in the middle of a/an ____ forest. (very big)
Enormous/ huge
8. The woman in that painting has a ________________ face. (very nice)
beautiful
9. That was the worst food I've ever had. In fact it was ________(really bad).
disgusting

FUNCTIONS
8. a. Complete the conversation with suitable phrases.
Pete:………………………..to come to my leaving party?.
Would you like
Jane: Yes, I’d……………………….. What time………………………..?
Love to ------- does it start
Pete: At six o’clock.
Jane: Oh, ……………………….. then. I have a work meeting.
I can’t come/ I’m busy
Pete: Well, how ……………………….. later? At nine o’clock.
About (coming)
Jane: Yes, OK. I can come then.

8.b. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

1. Let’s go somewhere this evening!
A. Ok. Why not? B. What a pity! C. It doesn’t matter.
A
2. Why not come to the pool with me?
A. I haven’t got one. B. Twenty minutes ago C. That’s a good idea.
C
3. It’s time for lunch.

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A. Oh good! B. One hour C. Twelve o’clock
A
4. Mike’s booked the restaurant.
A. How does it open? B. For eight of us? C. Has he filled it in?
B

LISTENING
9. Listen to two conversations. For each question choose the best answer A, B, or C.
You will hear the conversations twice.

Conversation 1
1. Why can Abdullah relax today?
A. Because he just finished his courses. B. Because he just went sightseeing.
C. Because he just travelled at weekend.
A
2. What event does Ian invite Abdullah to?
A. his sister’s wedding B. a barbecue C. a birthday party
B
3. What occasion does Ian’s family celebrate?
A. It’s the celebration for girl. B. It’s for great people in his family.
C. It’s for new baby of his sister.
C

Conversation 2
4. What does Sally plan to do tonight?
A. go somewhere B. go out for dinner C. stay at hotel
C
5. Where will they meet each other?
A. at the restaurant downstairs B. at the hotel reception C. at work
A

READING
I. Read the email and choose the correct option (A–C) to complete the sentences.
Dear Mum and Dad,
I'm writing this email because I've got some important news to tell you. I'm getting
married! Isn't that great?
It all happened last night. We were having dinner in a very nice Italian restaurant when
Jake suddenly became all quiet and said he had something to tell me. He looked so
serious that I was afraid he was going to break up with me or tell me he had a terrible
illness, but then he took a little black box out of his pocket and put it in front of me. I
opened it and inside was an engagement ring and he just said, 'Will you marry me?' I was
so excited that I didn't even stop to think about it and replied, 'Yes, of course I will, silly!'
And I put the ring on my finger. So there we were, engaged!
Then we spent the rest of the evening making plans. Can we have the wedding at your
house? You've got such a big, beautiful garden that it'll be perfect. We are going to wait
until after my final exams in June and I thought a good day would be 10 th July. That gives

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us eight months to plan everything. It should be enough time, especially as we don't want
a big traditional white wedding, just a big party with our best friends and family. We're
not going to start a family straight away because I need to get my career going, and I
might even decide to stay on at university and do a master's, but before we do that, we're
going to travel round the world for a year. Jake can take a career break for that time; his
office has already said it's OK. It's so exciting!
Anyway, I have to get to class now. I'll phone you tomorrow.
Your loving daughter,
Lucy

Choose the best answer

1. Lucy ____.
A. goes to school B. is a university student C.works in an office
B
2. Jake told Lucy he ____.
A. was worried about something serious
B. was seriously ill
C. wanted them to get engaged
C
3. When Jake asked Lucy, she ____.
A. replied immediately B. didn't say anything C. didn't know what to say
A
4. Jake and Lucy are going to have ____.
A. a big white wedding B. a traditional wedding C. a fun celebration
C
5. After the wedding Lucy is going to ____.
A. go back to university B. go abroad C. have a baby
B

WRITING
10. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. The problem is easy to solve.
It’s ………………………………………………
easy to solve the problem
2. Why don’t we bring some different drink to the party?
I think we should …………………………………………..
bring some different drink to the party
3. Why don't we go to the movies this weekend?
How about ……………………………
going to the movies this weekend
4. Would you like to come out for dinner tonight?
Let’s ………………………………………
come out for dinner tonight
5. Would you like to have a barbecue on the beach?
What about ……………………………..….
having a barbecue on the beach

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11. Complete the text with the phrases in the box.

delicious miserable colorful excited beautiful

Yesterday I went to a festival at my children’s school. The school orchestra played music
and some children performed folk dances. They wore………….….. costumes which were
very ……….……..Most of the children were very………….. , but there was one little
boy who was nervous and he looked…………... After the music and dancing we had
some ………….. food. It was a lovely day.

12. Write a description of an entertainment or festival you went to. Use adjectives to
make your writing more interesting. In your writing, you should say:
what the festival was for
who was there
what the food, costumes and decorations were like
why you enjoyed it.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….......
UNIT 7
GRAMMAR

Use the prepositions in, on and at to talk about time and place.
TIME PLACE
in • parts of the day: in the • when we mean inside something: in the
morning/afternoon/evening house, in the car
• weeks: in two weeks, in the • with towns, regions, countries, continents:
second week of August in London, in Texas, in France, in Africa
• months: in August • common expressions: in school, in a
• years: in 2012 book, in the front/middle/back, in prison, in
• seasons: in the summer / in hospital
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 summer
• centuries: in the 20th century
• surfaces of objects: on the table, on the
wall
• days: on Saturday • floors of a building: on the fifth floor
• roads and water: on the motorway
• dates: on 1st January • types of scheduled or public transport: on
on the bus, on the midday train
• special days: on her birthday, on • attached objects: the note is on the fridge,
Christmas Day a leaf on a tree
• common expressions: on a farm, on a
train, on the plane, on the phone, on the
TV
• a point in a journey: We stopped at a pub
for lunch.
• times of the day: at 10 a.m., at • events with groups of people: at a party,
midday at a meeting
at
• these expressions: at the weekend, • addresses: at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue,
at Christmas, at New Year, at night Washington DC
• common expressions: at home, at school,
at work, at the front/back/side

Complete these sentences with a preposition of time (in, on or at).

1. We like to eat outside………the evenings.

2. In my opinion, the motor car caused the biggest change …………. the twentieth
century.
3. I was born …………….. 11.15 the morning.
4. ……………the spring we like to walk in the park and smell the flowers.
5. I’ll be with my family ……………New Year.
6. I’ll be with my family ………………New Year’s Day.
7. President Barack Obama was born …………. 1961.
8. I won’t be at school…………….. Monday.
9. Long hair was very fashionable ………….. 1973.
10. We always like to take a short holiday …………..April.

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

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2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs.
1. ……………you…………… a new job yet, Steve? (find)
2. Mike ……………the new boss yesterday. (not meet)
3. Jane…………… just ……………for her interview.( go)
4.…………… Mr. Smith…………… at 10? (leave)
5. This new product……………as well as we expected last year. (not sell)
6. Our new agents ……………of any good ideas yet.(not think)
7. Your business……………over the last year (grow)
8. The sales staff……………well yesterday morning. (do)
3. Circle the correct word.
1. I haven’t seen Julie for / since 2009.
2. Jill’s here in our office for /since three months.
3. I haven’t heard from Brown Brothers for /since weeks.
4. Have you met Peter for /since the meeting?
5. Paul has worked here for /since many years.
6. I’ve received twenty emails for /since ten o’clock.
4. Underline the mistake in each sentence and write the correct version.
1 Have you eaten well when you were in London?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2 This is only the second time I sleep in a tent.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3 I never went here before. It’s really beautiful.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4 Have you ever gone to Australia? I’d love to go.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5 He visited so many interesting places in these last three months.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
6 Have you enjoyed the film last night? Yes, we did. It was great.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
7 Is this the first time your kids visited Disneyland?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
8 I’ve seen Paul at the swimming pool yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

VOCABULARY
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4. Match the words 1-6 with a-f to make jobs.
1. computer a. guard
2. security b. designer
3. fashion c. assistant
4. police d. programmer
5. electrical e. officer
6. shop f. engineer
5. Complete the sentences with these words.
job satisfaction recruit application position salary promotion
training
1. We offer good………………………. to help you do the job well.
2. There are good opportunities for……………………….
3. If we accept you for this ………………………. when will you be able to start?
4. I enjoy my work and get great……………………….from it.
5. My……………………….is low – I’ve asked for a pay-rice.
6. We need to………………………. two new assistants.
7. Have you sent off your job ……………………….yet?
6. Circle the correct option.
1. It was a pleasure to make /do business with you.
2. I think you make / do a mistake when you asked the boss that.
3. My father always makes / does breakfast for everyone.
4. I hope you make / do well in your new job today.
5. Please don’t make / do so much noise! I can’t work.
6. You must make / do your homework before dinner.
7. Complete the sentences with these words.
cooler cabinet area lamp chair
1. I’ll meet you in the coffee ……………………….near reception.
2. Patsy has got a great new swivel………………………. to sit on.
3. Please can you put these reports into the filling……………………….
4. It’s dark - switch on your desktop……………………….
5. I’m just getting a drink from the water ……………………….

READING
I. Put the sentences in order to make a conversation.
A. Yes, we do offer various training courses. We'd like you to come in for a second
interview next week and we will discuss the salary and working conditions then, if
that suits you. We'll phone you to arrange the time.
B. I see. Now, tell us some of your main strengths.
C. And to finish with, are there any questions you'd like to ask us about the job?

D. Good morning. Shall I sit here?

E. Yes, of course. I'll wait for your call next week then. Thank you and goodbye.

F. Yes, I'd like to know about the salary and whether you offer any further training.

G. Yes, of course. I've just finished a course in personnel management and I think I'd be
really happy working for a small company like yours.
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H. Yes, that's fine. First of all, can you tell us why you'd like to do this job?
I. Good morning, Miss Palmer. Please have a seat.
J. Well, I'm hardworking and quite ambitious. I'm also patient and I like listening to
what people say.
1. ____2. ____3. ____4. ____5. _____6._____7. _____8. _____9._____10._____

II. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A,B, C or D for each
question.
When we moved to our new house near the sea, I was eight years old. Even before that  I
had spent every summer messing about on boats. My dad had taught me to sail before I
learnt to ride a bike so I knew how I wanted to spend my time at the new house- I was
going to get my own boat and sail it every day. The house was only a few metres from
the water’s edge, and in rough weather the waves would come crashing into the front
garden. I used to sit with my nose pressed to the glass, fascinated by the power of the
ocean. I grew up watching the skies to see if it was going to rain; would I be going sailing
that afternoon or not?
Of course I sometimes wished I could live in the town like my friends. I used to get
irritated with my parents, who had taken early retirement because they seemed incapable
of getting anywhere on time. Dad drove me the eight miles to school every day, but I was
often late because he had been walking on the cliffs earlier in the morning and had lost
track of time. When I was taking my university entrance exams, I used to stay over at a
friend’s in town, just in case. All in all, I was lucky to grow up by the sea and I still love
to sail.

1. At the age of eight, the writer’s house was .

A. in the town B. by the sea C. on boat D. under the mountain
2. The word “rough” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. careful B. forceful C. easy D. mild
3. The writer’s father retired early because .
A. he walked on the cliffs every morning.
B. he lost track of time
C. he had to drive his kid to school everyday
D. he was unable to get anywhere on time
4. Growing up by the sea, the writer felt___ .
A. unlucky B. irritated C. excited D. lucky
5. The writer learnt to sail ____ .
A. before learning to ride a bike.
B. when his family moved to a new house.
C. before going to school.
D. When he/ she was eight.
6. When taking the university entrance exams, ____.
A. the writer’s family moved to a new house by the sea.
B. the writer had to live in a friend’s house.
C. the weather was terrible.
D. the writer’s father drove him/ her to university.

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FUNCTIONS
8.
a/ Complete the conversation with suitable phrases.
Clare: Are you going to ……………………….that job?
June: Yes, I am. I went and got the ………………………. forms from the office
yesterday.
Clare: What does the ……………………….say?
June: It says, “general office management and supervision of ten staff”.
Clare: That’s good. It will give you a lot more ……………………, won’t it?
June: Yes, it’s much more interesting than what I do now.
Clare: It will be nice to work……………………….with others rather than on your own.
b/ Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
1. What are you main strengths?
A. I’m careful and I like to get thing right. B. Yes, just one. D. That’s a
lot.
2. Where is your office?
A. Not far from here B. I’ll take it. C. There you are.
3. Have you got any free time later?
A. It’s almost ten o’clock. B. Sorry, I’m busy all day. C. You’ll be late.
4. Who is calling please?
A. Here I am. B. It’s Martin. C. I’d rather not

LISTENING
9. You will hear an interview with Ruby who applied for the job as a sales assistant.
For each question, choose the best answer A, B or C.
1. What is Ruby’s current job?
A. a sales assistant B. a bookshop owner C. a shop manager
2. She wants to leave Raystone’s Book shop because…..
A. It’s quite a small bookshop. B. She doesn’t like the job.
C. She isn’t interested in books.
3. What did Ruby find out about E.I. Books company?
A. It can order books. B. It has a website.
C. It’s the biggest company.
4. What does Ruby ask the interview about the job?
A. the job application B. the job at branches C. the job promotion
5. By the end of the interview, they discuss about……….
A. the working time B. the staff C. the ambition

WRITING
10. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. It's been five years since I last did the job as a teacher.
I have………………………………………
2. I have never seen such an interesting job advertisement.
This is the ………………………………………………………
3. He hasn't visited his farm for a month.
It has been …………………….

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4. How long have you worked for this company?
When……………………………………..
5. This’s the first time I have run my own business.
I have never ……………………………………………..
11. Complete the letter with suitable words from the box.
Interest education advertised experience school
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to apply for the job as Junior Sales Assistant in your shop which I
saw…………in the Evening Standard yesterday.
I have worked as a Sales Assistant since I left …………in 2010. I spent eight months at
John’s Bookshop, and since then I have worked in three different departments in the
Bedford Department Store. For the last two months I have worked in the Electrical Goods
Department, and I have enjoyed this work very much. I have a personal………… in
computers and digital cameras, and know a lot about them already, and I would welcome
the chance to use my…………as a Sales Assistant in your shop.
I am enclosing my CV giving details of my …………and experience, as requested.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours faithfully,
Robert Brown
12. Write a letter to the manager of a clothes shop, applying for the position of
senior sales assistant. You already have five years of experience; explain what
experience you have had and give other personal details.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
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UNIT 8
GRAMMAR

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Use who, which, that, whose, where and when to introduce defining relative clauses.
These clauses give us essential information about people, things, possessions, places or a
time.
• Use who for people: He’s an actor who makes science-fiction films.

• Use which for things: I only watch films which make me laugh.

• Use whose for possessions: That’s the actor whose new film we saw last week.

• Use where for a place: That’s the town where we met.

• Use when for a time: He wouldn’t answer the phone one day when she called him.

You can also use that for people or things instead of who or which:

It isn’t the same girlfriend that he brought last year.

It isn’t the same girlfriend who he brought last year.

1. Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun. Do not use that

1. That is the man ………………..won lots of money.
2. These are the books ……………..I told you about.
3. This is the town ………………………I spent my childhood.
4. That’s the computer …………….I bought last week.
5. Jane Smith is the woman …………………studied biomimetics.
6. This is the place …………………I left my bag.
7. These are the tools ………….he used to make his first robot.
8. He is the scientist ……………won the Nobel prize.
2. Complete these sentences so that they are true for you.
1. A good teacher is someone who ……………………………………………………….
2. The best part of the year is the period when ……………………………………………
3. Home is a place where ……………………………………………………………….
4. I usually read books which ……………………………………………………………..
5 ……………………………….……is a singer whose music I really like.

ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONAL

1. Zero conditional
If present simple, present simple

You use if or when with the present simple followed by the present simple in the main
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clause
to talk about facts and things which are generally true:
If it’s sunny, we go to the beach.
When it’s sunny, we go to the beach.
If it rains, we stay at home.
When it rains, we stay at home.
2. First conditional

If present simple, will + verb infinitive

You can also use if with the present simple to talk about a possible future situation or
action.
You use will / won’t in the main clause to talk about the result of that situation or action:

If it’s sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.

Note that you use if with the present simple, not will, to talk about the future.
(do not say If it will be sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.)
You can also use the present simple to talk about the future after time conjunctions.

3. Position of if

You can use if in two possible positions.

• if-clause first: If it rains, we’ll stay at home.

• main clause first: We’ll stay at home if it rains.
When the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence, you use a comma to separate it
from
the main clause.
If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the beach.

4. if or when?
When you talk about things that are generally true, you can use if or when. There’s no
difference.
If it’s sunny / When it’s sunny... If it rains / When it rains...
When you talk about situations in the future, there is a difference between if and when.
If I see Jim, I’ll let him know. (You don’t know if you’re going to see Jim, but you know
it’s a possibility.)
When I see Jim, I’ll let him know. (You know you are definitely going to see Jim.)
unless

5. unless = if … not
We’ll go to the beach tomorrow unless it rains. = We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it
doesn’t rain.

16
Practice

1. Match 1–6 to a–f.

1 I’ll be really surprised a if he passes all his exams.
2 I’ll take a break b when the teacher isn’t in the classroom.
3 If you talk to Ruth, c they’ll cancel the flight.
4 It’s really cold d when I finish this exercise.
5 If the storm doesn’t stop, e when the wind blows from the north.
6 The children always behave badly f will you tell her about the party?

2. Complete the first conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1. If you ……………….(want) to buy one, I ………………(give) you the money.
2. He ………………(help) you if you ……………..(not understand) the instructions.
3. If they ………..(make) the machine, it …………………(be) very exciting.
4. We ……………………(not buy) a notebook if they ……………….(not become)
cheaper.
5. If she only …………(work) with machines she ………………(get) very bored.
6. If the computer …………………(not be) fast enough, you ……………….(not like) it.
7. The inventor …………(think) of something new if you …………….(leave) him alone.
8. If she ………………(tell) me what the problem is, I ……………….(repair) it for her.
9. We …………..(visit) the laboratory when John …………………….(arrive).
10. If they ………………(come) with us, they ………………..(enjoy) it.

3. Use the correct form of the verb have or have got in these sentences. Use have got
where possible.
1. What/ you/ for dinner last night?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Peter/ a nice new MP3 player.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My parents/ a GPS in their car. (not)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Paul/ a problem with his PC last week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
5. you/ any old CDs?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
6. She/ a look at the books earlier (not)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

17
VOCABULARY
4. Complete the text with these words.

plug press click recharge send switch

First, (1)………………the camera into your computer. Then, (2)………………the
camera on here-just (3)……………….this button and the light should come on. (4)
………………on this icon to open the folder. Then you can copy the photos and (5)
………………them to your friends. Don’t forget to ……………(6) the batteries
overnight- just plug it into the wall socket.
5. Match the verb 1-8 with the words a-h
1. log a. music
2. subscribe b. an accountant
3. download c. to an online magazine
4. set up d. photos to share
5. search e. on to a site
6. upload f. the Internet
6. Complete the sentences with one of these words.
gas cooker matches sun cream torch camera mobile phone
1. You need a ………….when you are camping to see at night.
2. It is useful to have some ……………to start a fire.
3. A ……………..is important in case you have an accident.
4. Many people use a ……………..to prepare hot food on.
5. In a hot country you need to use lots of ……………….
6. It’s a good idea to take a ………………to record what you see.

READING
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A,B, C or D to each
question.
Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs was an important leader in the technology industry.  He was a very interesting
person and was the leader of a very successful technology company called Apple.
He founded Apple in 1976 with his friends and they began to sell computers.  One of the
reasons for Steve Jobs’ success was his unique management style.
He was a passionate leader with a clear vision for his company.  Jobs always said he
wanted to make Apple a great company that made unique products that people would
love.  He focused all of his creative energy on developing revolutionary technology.  In
1983, he convinced John Sculley, the president of Pepsi, to come work at Apple by
asking, “Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or do you want a
chance to change the world?”  Sculley left his well-paid job to come work at Apple.
Unfortunately, Jobs’ passion sometimes led to angry outbursts.  He was a perfectionist
and wanted Apple to make products that were better and different from other companies. 
Some people believe he was too aggressive and demanding.  During the early years of
Apple, he often shouted at or even fired people who did not share his vision.  Despite
this, most employees did not hate him. They understood that Jobs truly believed in the
company and its products.  He was a very demanding person because he had a real
passion for making unique devices like the iPad and the iPhone.  These products might
18
not exist if Jobs hadn’t pushed and inspired his employees to work hard and be creative.
(Source: http://dreamreader.net)
1.  According to the passage, which industry was Steve Jobs a leader in?
A. the fruit industry B. the technology industry 
C. the phone industry D. the management industry
2. The word “founded” in paragraph 1 can be replaced with:
A. started B. stopped C. ate D. sold
3. Why did John Sculley quit his job at Pepsi?
A. He thought his salary was too low.
B. The president of Pepsi fired him.
C. He was tricked by Steve Jobs. 
D. Steve Jobs convinced him to join Apple.
4.  The word “revolutionary” in paragraph 2 could be replaced with:
A. old-fashioned B. advanced C. communication D. simple
5. What did some people think about Steve Jobs?
A. he was a very lazy person
B. he only wanted to make money
    C. he was passionate and demanding
D. he was always very kind and patient
6. The word “vision” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A. dream B. ghost C. eyesight D. look
7. According to the passage, Steve Jobs:
A. achieved his vision  B. was a complete failure  
C. was a boring person  D. left Apple for Pepsi

FUNCTIONS
7. Complete this dialogue with suitable phrases.
Mick: Hi, John. Can (1)………………………with my new laptop, please?
John: Sure, Mick. What’s problem?
Mick: There are no instructions to follow, so I can’t do anything. Where do I (2)
……………?
John: Just press that button there and it should start.
Mick: That’s great. And how do you (3)………………….connect to the Internet?
John: Just click on that icon there.
Mick: Oh, wonderful! Do you know how long (4)……………last?
John: About four or five hours usually.
Mick: And can I (5)………….them?
John: The computer will do that for you when you plug it in.
Mick: Oh, I see. Well, thanks very much.
8. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
1. I saw the new Spielberg film last night.
A. Did I go? B. Has he come? C. Was it good?
2. Hello, I’d like to speak to Mr Green, please.
A. Sorry, can you say that again. B. I’m sorry, I’ll call again later
C. I’m afraid I don’t know
3. Are you sure the match starts at two?

19
A. It started well. B. It’s all right. C. I think so.
4. Why do you need to plug it into the laptop?
A. To recharge the battery. B. Please turn off the laptop
C. I didn’t do that.
5. Did you understand how to use this head torch?
A. Not really. B. I’m sure she wasn’t. C. It’s not enough.

LISTENING
9. Listen to a science programme about a new type of glasses. For each question,
choose the correct answer A, B or C.
1. Why don’t many people in the world have glasses?
A. Because there aren’t many opticians.
B. Because they don’t need them.
C. Because there is only one optician.
2. Which part of the glasses helps control the pump?
A. the lens B. the wheel C. the pipe
3. What did Joshua Silver do to get the right glasses?
A. He bought some ideas. B. He did many experiments.
C. He bought many pair of glasses.
4. Why did the first man using Joshua glasses find difficult to work?
A. Because he had bad eyesight. B. Because he made clothes.
C. Because he couldn’t start working.
5. How many people wear the new type of glasses now?
A. Over thirteen thousand people B. More than thirty thousand people.
C. About one billion people.

WRITING
10. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. If we aren’t careful, that will happen easily.
Unless we………………………………………………………………………
2. There is the woman. She works in my father’s laboratory.
There is the woman…………………………………………………………..
3. Unless we have a map, we will get lost in that jungle.
If we……………………………………………………………………….
4. She is the teacher. Her son saved my brother’s life.
She is the teacher whose……………………………………………………..
11. Circle the correct word to complete the text.
My digital camera has changed my life. Before I bought it, I had a camera which used
film. I had to buy films, and then pay to get them developed at the camera shop. It was
quite expensive. Now I have the camera, and I don't spend anything anymore. (1) Firstly/
As a result, it uses rechargeable batteries, so I never buy new ones. Then I simply
download all my pictures onto my computer. (2)However/ Furthermore, I can then do

20
what I want with the photos - change the colour and the size, and cut out parts of the
pictures that I don’t want- (3) in other words/ firstly, I am in control of everything, not
somebody else. (4) Finally/ For example, when I want to print the pictures, I can just use
ordinary paper from the printer. (5) * However / In other words, for more professional
pictures I can also use special photo paper.

21
 UNIT 9
GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE
You can use the passive to talk about facts and processes.
Most apples are grown in China.

The passive focuses attention on an action or the object of the action. The object of the
action becomes the subject of the verb.
action Object
People grow apples in China.
subject Verb
Apples are grown in China.

1. Form
To form the passive, use the verb be + past participle.

Affirmative and negative – present simple and past simple

is / was
This apple juice Made in China.
isn’t / wasn’t
are / were
These apples Grown
aren’t / weren’t

Questions – present simple and past simple

Is / was this apple juice made in China?
Where are / were these apples grown?

2. Use of “by”
When you want to say who or what was responsible for the action (the subject or agent of
the action) you use by:
Apples were introduced to the Americas by Europeans in the 1600s.
You may not want to say who or what did the action. You can also say:
Apples were introduced to the Americas in the 1600s.
You don’t normally use by when the agent is …
• obvious and therefore unnecessary:
The first apples were grown in central Asia by Asian farmers.
• unknown:
An apple was left on my desk. (I don’t know who left it there.)

1. Change these affirmative active sentences into the present simple passive. Do not
use by + agent.
1. Each lesson they teach us some new vocabulary.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
2. They often train the students outside.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
3. He sometimes brings old books into the classroom.
22
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
4. We use computer to do research.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We study the text for many hours.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
6. We eat lunch at school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
7. They sometimes take me to a museum.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
8. They show an educational documentary every week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..
2. Change these negative and interrogative sentences into the past simple passive,
including by +agent.
1. The students didn’t use computers at that school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
2. The teacher never took us to the museum.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..
3. Did the local people use pens to write?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..
4. My classmates didn’t tell me the answers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..
5. Did the researchers find any evidence of writing?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
..
6. The other class didn’t study Russian.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
..
7. Did the technician teach you to use the computer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
..
3. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first
sentence. Use a passive verb.
1 People in the west buy too much food.
Too much food in the west……………………………………………………………..
2 We do not eat all the food we buy.
Not all the food we buy ………………………………………………………………….
3 Last year we threw away more than six million tonnes of food.

23
More than six million tonnes of food ……………………………………………last year.
4 The ‘Love Food Hate Waste’ organisation started a campaign to stop waste.
A campaign to stop waste ……………………………..by ………………………………..
5 The campaigners persuaded thousands of people to waste less food.
Thousands of people ……………………………………………………………………….
4. Cross out the phrases with by where they are not necessary.
1 Pasta was first brought to Italy by Marco Polo.
2 Pasta is now eaten by people all over the world.
3 Tomatoes were first grown in South America by tomato growers.
4 The first cookbook with tomato recipes was written in Naples by a writer.
5 Parmesan cheese is made in Italy by the cheese makers of Parma.
6 The cheese is made by cheese makers with cow’s milk.

VOCABULARY
1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
subject rules timetable qualification enroll discipline
lesson skills apply instructed schedule teaches
1. I’d like to ……………on an art course at the local college.
2. One of the most important ………………….in the library is “no talking”.
3. I think you should …………….for the new job in Sales.
4. The examiner ……………………..us to close the papers and put our pens down.
5. The ……………shows that we have 20 lessons each week.
6. What time does French ………………..start?
7. He has a lot of useful ………………although he failed his exams.
8. The ……………is impossible – we can’t do the work in time!
9. My grandmother left school without any ……………
10. My favourite school ……………was always geography.
11. The………………..at this school is very strict, but the students do well.
12. This is the man that………………….us English after work.
2. Circle the correct verb in these sentences.
1. I’m going to give up/ pass on biology next year – it’s too difficult.
2. Please will you write down/ fill in the enrolment form.
3. She wants to get together/ set up a language school of her own.
4. My brother can always pick up/ take away a new language easily.
5. I’m afraid that their culture sill soon give up/ die out.
6. I hope the teacher will pass on/ set up some useful ideas in this course.

READING

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

University Entrance Examination is very important to Vietnamese students. High school
graduates have to take it and get high results to be admitted to universities. The pressure
on the candidates remains very high despite the measures that have been taken to reduce
the heat around these exams, since securing a place in a state university is considered a

24
major step towards a successful career for young people, especially those from rural areas
or disadvantaged families. In the year 2004, it was estimated that nearly 1 million
Vietnamese students took the University Entrance Examination, but on average only 1
out of 5 candidates succeeded. Normally, candidates take 3 exam subjects, and each lasts
180 minutes for the fixed group of subjects they choose. There are 4 fixed groups of
subjects: Group A: Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry; Group B: Mathematics,
Chemistry and Biology; Group C: Literature, History, and Geography; Group D:
Literature, Foreign Language, and Mathematics. In addition to universities, there are
community colleges, art and technology institutes, professional secondary schools, and
vocational schools which offer degrees or certificates from a-few-month to 2-year
courses.
According to Vietnam’s Ministry of Education and Training, there are currently 23 non-
public universities, accounting for 11% of the total number of universities. These non-
public universities are currently training 119,464 students or 11.7% of the total number of
students. The government is planning to increase the number of non-public universities to
30% by 2007.
1. University Entrance Examination in Vietnam is very _________.
A. interesting B. stressful C. free D. easy
2. The word those refers to _________.
A. exam subjects B. young people C. universities D. examinations
3. In 2004, the proportion of the students who got success in University Entrance
Examination was about _________ percent.
A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 50
4. Which sentence refers to the University Entrance Examination in Vietnam?
A. Students find it easy to get success in the University Entrance Examination.
B. Maths is compulsory in the University Entrance Examination.
C. Students are not allowed to choose their exam subjects.
D. There are four fixed groups of exam subjects for students to choose.
5. According to the passage, _________.
A. the Vietnamese government will close all non-public universities by next year
B. the Vietnamese government does not appreciate non-public universities
C. the Vietnamese government encourages the establishment of non-public universities
D. Vietnamese students have no alternative to continue their higher study besides
universities

FUNCTIONS
5. Complete this conversation. Use each word once.
attend materials then when end
first next Once having after
Carol: So what do have to do to enroll?
Peter: Well, (1)…………….., you need to get the forms.
Carol: Here they are. What do I have to do (2) ……………….?
Peter: Complete it with the information, and (3)…………………send it to the college.
Carol: And (4)………………I’ve sent it what happens?
Peter: (5)………………….the college has received it, they will ask you to send the
payment.

25
Carol: And (6) ……………done that?
Peter: I think that (7)…………………..you have paid, they will send you details of the
course.
Carol: Do I have to (8)……………..an interview?
Peter: I don’t think so. You will probably get the course (9)……………to look at.
Carol: And at the (10)…………………of it all, I will get my qualification.
6. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
1. I can’t do this maths problem.
A. I suppose so B. Let me see. C. Certainly not
2. Do you like Jane’s new flat?
A. I don’t go there B. She likes the new house. C. The rooms are rather
small.
3. What time did the meeting end?
A. In a minute. B. For half an hour C. Just before lunch.
4. There isn’t some kind of interview, is there?
A. No, nothing like that. B. No. Thanks. C. Yes, please!
5. What was your lesson like?
A. Interesting and fun. B. It ends at two thirty. C. Yes, let’s do that!

LISTENING
7. You will hear a telephone conversation about enrolling on one of the courses. For
each question, choose the best answer A, B, or C.
1. The man is calling to ask about ………
A. the evening places. B. the evening classes. C. the starting term.
2. What does the man need to do first on the website?
A. to click the button “short course”. B. to have an interview
C. to fill in an enrolment form
3. To reserve the place, the applicant need to …..
A. pay a deposit B. accept the enrolment C. send an email
4. What often happens before the course starts?
A. A list of course materials will be sent to the learners.
B. A list of book will be provided to the learners.
C. The learners need to keep in touch with the trainer.
5. The man decides to ….
A. book the course later B. book the course immediately
C. book the case now

WRITING
8. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. Old books are kept in that part of the library.
They………
2. Did the researchers find any evidence of writing?
Was any………………………………..
3. They show an educational documentary every month.
An educational…………………………………………..
4. Have the technician taught him to use the computer yet?

26
Has …………………………………………..
5. I wasn’t told the answers by my close friend.
My…………………………………………………..
9. Complete the text with a word from the box
Next Finally firstly Once After that
Here are the details or our four-week intensive language course. If you wish to enroll, (1)
………. you need to complete an application form and send it in to us.
(2)……………., we will invite you for an interview.
(3)……………., we will decide which students will be accepted for the course.(4)
………….. you have been accepted, you will need to send us the payment.
(5)……………., you will have another chance to visit us to find out more about us and
collect your course materials.

UNIT 10
GRAMMAR
SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS
You can ask questions about the subject or the object of the verb using what / who /
which / whose / how much /how many.
Subject questions Object questions
In object questions, the question word is
In subject questions, the question
not the subject of the
word is the subject of the verb.
verb.
The word order in object questions is not
The word order in a subject question the same as the word order in an
is the same as in an affirmative affirmative sentence.
sentence. What did they take?
They took some jewellery .
You do not need an auxiliary verb
(do, does, did) in
In the present simple and past simple, you
present simple or past simple subject
need to add an auxiliary verb (do, does,
questions.
did) before the subject.
Say What happened? (don’t say
Say What did you see? (don’t say What
What did happen?)
saw you?)
What usually happens? (don’t say
What does usually happen?)
You cannot form subject questions with where, when, why or how.
Say Where do you live? (don’t say Where you live?)
Say When did you start work? (don’t say When you started work?)

1. Complete the conversation with subject or object questions. Then listen and
check.
27
A: What did you do (you/do) last night?
B: I watched Miami Police Team.
A: Oh no! I always miss that show. ………………………………(what / happen)?
B: Well, you know Detective Sanchez’s niece has joined the police force.
A: No. ………………………………………….(when / she / join)? I missed that episode
too.
B: Ages ago! She joined the police but he thought it was too dangerous for her. Anyway,
she arrested someone for stealing a car, but it was an old boyfriend so then she released
him.
A: Sorry, I don’t understand. ……………………. (who / think) it was too dangerous?
B: Her uncle, Detective Sanchez.
A: And ……………………………………………………..(who / she / arrest)?
B: An old boyfriend from school.
A: And ………………………………………………….(who / release / the boyfriend)?
B: She did.
A: OK. And ……………………………………….(what / Uncle Sanchez / say)?
B: Well obviously, he wasn’t very happy.
A: ……………………………………………….(what / he / going to do) about it?
B: I think he’s going to make her leave the police force.
A: I must watch it next week. What time is it on?
B: Nine o’clock.

2. Use the questions words in the box to make questions for the answers below. Use
each word once.
what where who which man when which people
1 ………………………………………………………………………………
My mother baked the cake.
2 ………………………………………………………………………………
I bought a new tent yesterday.
3 ………………………………………………………………………………
That old man sold me the books
4 ………………………………………………………………………………
They went to three beautiful cities in France
5 ………………………………………………………………………………
The plane left at three o’clock
6 ………………………………………………………………………………
All the neighbors came to the street party.

PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

The present participle (verb + -ing) and past participle (verb + -ed) forms of some verbs
can
be used as adjectives: to bore – boring – bored; to frighten – frightening –
frightened.filogger.com

Present participles as adjectives

28
Use present participles as adjectives to describe the person or thing that makes you feel a
certain way:
The film was boring.
Dracula is a very frightening book.
Common present participles as adjectives:
amusing, annoying, boring, confusing, convincing, depressing, disappointing,
embarrassing, exciting, frustrating, interesting, pleasing, relaxing, satisfying, shocking,
surprising, terrifying, tiring, worrying

Past participles as adjectives

Use past participles as adjectives to describe how you feel about someone or something:
He was bored with his work.
I was surprised how much I liked this.
Say I’m bored (of this film). (don’t say I’m boring (of this film).
Say This film is boring. (don’t say This film is bored.)
Common past participles as adjectives:
amused, annoyed, bored, confused, convinced, depressed, disappointed, embarrassed,
excited, frustrated, interested, pleased, relaxed, satisfied, scared, shocked, surprised,
terrified, tired, worried

Dependent prepositions
-ed adjectives are often followed by dependent prepositions:
Are you excited about the show tonight?
Dependent prepositions are followed by either nouns or gerunds:
I’m tired of working on this.
Common past -ed adjectives and their dependent prepositions:
annoyed with, bored with, excited about, fascinated by, frightened of, interested in,
irritated by, pleased with, satisfied with, scared of, tired of, terrified of, worried about

3. Circle the correct adjective form in these sentences.

1. I was fascinated / fascinating by the risks they took.
2. wasn’t your expedition very tired / tiring?
3. He showed us a very bored / boring film about his trip.
4. I didn’t know John was interested / interesting in travel.
5. The sudden change in the weather was worried / worrying.
6. The tour leader was a very annoyed / annoying man.
7. My sister was frightened / frightening of deep water.
8. When they saw the fish, they were amazed / amazing.
9. It is surprised / surprising that he hasn’t told you yet.
10. Paula was too excited / exciting to speak.
2. Two people are discussing a holiday. Complete their conversations with the
present or past participle form of the verbs in the box.
amuse annoy depress embarrass interest please
A: So, how was your holiday?
B: Great. It was so relaxing. I didn’t think about work once. And I was really……………
with the hotel. The service was five stars.

29
A: And what were the other people like in your group?
B: Everyone was really nice except for one person. She was really……….. because she
wouldn’t stop talking. But apart from her it was fine.
A: And did you meet anyone …………………?
B: Well, there was one man I enjoyed talking to. He was a friendly waiter at the hotel.
A: Really?
B: He also told jokes and was very ………………. . He made everyone laugh. And on
the last
night he asked me to dance and everyone was watching us.
A: Were you …………………… ?
B: Yes, I was! I went bright red but it was wonderful! Then I flew home the next day and
it was raining. I’m so …………….. to be home.

VOCABULARY
3. Match the words 1-8 with words A-H
1 package A sports
2 self B star
3 sleeping C seeing
4 water D bag
5 sun E lotion
6 five F tour
7 sun tan G bathing
8 sight H catering
4. Circle the word a-d which means the same.
1. Place of entertainment
A. cellar B. nightclub C. subway D. tunnel
2. area of a town
A. district B. cemetery C. canal D. avenue
3. a wide street
A. subway B. avenue C. tunnel D. canal
4. an underground room
A. tunnel B. canal C. land D. cellar
5. a place of the dead
A. cellar B. tunnel C. cemetery D. district
6. you can see painting here
A. cemetery B. gallery C. subway D. avenue
7. a man-made river
A. pond B. pool C. sewer D. canal
5. Complete the sentences with one of these adjectives.
unforgettable unique legendary expect fascinating stunning
ancient
1. What a holiday! It was……………….
2. It is the only place like that. It is ……………….
3. Everybody has heard of it. It is ……………….
4. He knew everything. He was an ………………. guide.
5. It was very old-from an ………………. civilization.

30
6. I was interested. It was a ……………….talk.
7. The view from the top was ……………….

READING
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
The Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean are one of the natural wonders of the world.
The Galapagos are home to many rare animals, such as giant tortoises, sea birds and
dolphins.The islands first became famous in 1859 when Charles Darwin wrote about
them in his book, On The Origin of Species. When Darwin visited the islands, he found
there a key to that great mystery of mysteries - the first appearance of new life on this
earth.
Today the islands belong to Ecuador, and 97% of the area is a national park. However,
despite this protection, the park is in danger. The most serious threat comes from illegal
fishing, which is slowly destroying marine life. Every day, illegal nets trap and kill
sharks, pelicans and dolphins. Another threat comes from animals brought over by people
who have come to live on the islands. Dogs and cats eat the sea birds, and rats and pigs
eat turtle eggs. Although tourism is seen as a positive thing, it too has caused problems.
Today the Galapagos is still a wonderful place, but how long will this last? The answer
lies in the attitude of everyone who can make a contribution - the Galapagos belongs to
the whole world.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Charles Darwin, the father of biology
B. Ecuador and its wonderland
C. Wildlife in the Galapagos Islands
D. The Galapagos, a place to protect
2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about Charles
Darwin?
A. He brought over new species to the islands.
B. He himself paid a visit to the islands.
C. He wrote about the Galapagos in his book.             
D. He found that the islands played an important part in his discoveries.
3. According to the passage, marine life on the islands is threatened by __________.
A. tourism B. alien animals C. illegal fishing D. scientific research
4. It can be inferred from the passage that tourism has caused problems __________.
A. and should be stopped
B. because it is seen as positive   
C. but it is thriving
D. although it helps
5. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is __________.
A. raise people's awareness of wildlife issues
B. recommend people to come to the islands
C. blame Ecuador's government for the threats to wildlife
D. show admiration to Darwin's research on the islands

FUNCTIONS
6. Complete the indirect questions in this conversation with suitable words and

31
phrases from the box.
You know tell mewondering any idea like to know
Tourist: I was ……………….if you could help me.
Guide: Yes, I can try.
Tourist: I’d ……………….when the museum closes.
Guide: Today it closes at five o’clock.
Tourist: Can you ……………….if closes at five on Sunday?
Guide: I’m afraid it’s closed all day on Sunday.
Tourist: Do ……………….if the castle is open on Sunday?
Guide: Yes, it is.
Tourist: and do you have ……………….how much it costs?
Guide: Fifteen euros, sir.

7. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

1. I hope Andrew will get here soon.
A. I’m sure he will. B. I hope he hasn’t. C. He usually gets it.
2. Where will you spend the weekend?
A. Next week will be fine. B. I haven’t been anywhere.
C. We haven’t decided yet.
3. We can’t stay very long.
A. If you want to. B. It doesn’t matter. C. Only $32 per night.
4. I’m going to have a summer party on Saturday.
A. Who will come? B. Where to? C. How often is it?

LISTENING
8. Listen to part of a radio interview about travel with Madelaine from National
Geographic. For each question, choose the best answer A, B or C.
1. What is Madelaine’s new job?
A. a tour guide B. a journalist C. a photographer
2. Why does Madelaine think the tour to Galapagos so exciting?
A. It’s a legendary experience.
B. It’s the most exciting part of the world.
C. It’s the first time she has been there.
3. What do independent travelers often do on the tour?
A. They come on their own. B. They hardly make new friends.
C. They get annoyed with the tour’s plan.
4. How physically fit do you need to join the tour?
A. You should be an athlete. B. You should be an active person.
C. You should be really fit.
5. On the tour you never get tired of ………..
A. the time B. the views C. the people

WRITING
9. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.

32
1. Are there any good restaurants nearby?
I was wondering…………………………………………
2. What time does the gallery open?
I would like to know …………………………….
3. Is the castle open on Sunday?
Can you tell me……………………………………….
4. How long does the tour last?
I would like to know…………………………………………

10. Circle the correct verb in the letter

Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to enquire/tell you about your holidays to Botswana in summer 2015. I am
particularly interested in the Safari.
First of all, I was wondering/explaining if any kind of experience is necessary for this
kind of trip. I have never been to Africa before, and would like to know what I need to
bring with me.
Secondly, the brochure you sold/sent me says that there are two trips, one in July and one
in August. I’d like to know if there are any differences between the two, in terms of the
places you visit the accommodation and so on.
My last question is about transport. I understand/hope that some parts of the journey will
be in small planes and some in jeeps. Can you tell me more about this, as I am rather a
nervous traveller?
Thank you in advance for sending me further details of the holidays. I look forward to
writing to/hearing from you.
Yours faithfully
Jane Gibbs.

11. Write a letter to a travel company asking for details about a holiday you are
interested in.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

34
 UNIT 11
GRAMMAR: USED TO
Use used to to talk about
He used to smoke. ( Now he doesn’t smoke.)
• past habitual actions (things that happened regularly in the past):
I used to scream and run away.
The past habitual action may or may not still be true in the present.
No longer true:
I used to run away from spiders, now I keep them as pets.
Still true: I used to scream when I saw a spider when I was a child, and I still do.

• situations and states that are no longer true:

I used to hate spiders but I don’t mind them now.
You only use used to to talk about the past. You cannot use it to talk about the present.
Say I don’t usually do any work at the weekend. (don’t say I don’t use to do any work at
the weekend.)
You can also use the past simple to talk about past habits and situations:
I kept spiders as pets. (I used to keep spiders as pets.)

You do not use used to to talk about

• a specific time or action in the past:
Say I got up at six this morning. (don’t say I used to get up at six this morning.)
• the number of times something happened in total:
Say We went to the zoo three times last year. (don’t say We used to go to the zoo three
times last year.)
• when you say how long a single action or situation lasted:
Say We lived in France for three years. (don’t say We used to live in France for three
years.)

Affirmative and negative

I / You / He /
used to keep spiders.
She /
didn’t use to like spiders.
It / We / They

Questions
I / you / he /
keep the
Where did she / it / we / use to
spiders?
they
I / you/ he /
be scared of
Did she / it / we / use to
spiders?
they

Short answers
No, I / you / didn’t.
he / she /
it / we /
35
 they

Be careful with the question and negative forms:

there is no -d in use to:
Did you use to have pets when you were in school? (not Did you used to . . .?)
I didn’t use to like dogs when I was younger. (not I didn’t used to . . .)

1 Choose the correct form.

1. When I was a kid, I used to / didn’t use to think there were monsters under my bed. I
never used to / didn’t use to go to sleep until my mum had looked under the bed.
2. I used to / didn’t use to like dogs. Our neighbours had a big black dog that always used
to / didn’t use to bark at me whenever I went near it. I used to / didn’t use to cross the
road to get away from it.
3. I used to / didn’t use to like visiting my great aunt. She used to / didn’t use to have any
toys for us to play with and she never used to / didn’t use to let us watch TV.
2. Rewrite the sentences using used to where possible.
1 My brother kept snakes when he was younger.
My brother used to keep snakes when he was younger.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
2 He got his first snake when he was eight.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
3 He kept them in a box in the garage.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
4 He looked after them very well.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
5 They lived there for almost six years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
6 Then he lost interest and he took them all to the local zoo.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
7 He visited them there once a week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
8 I think he went about nine or ten times before he forgot about them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
3. Change the direct speech into reported speech.
1. John: “I study history.”
2. John said he studied history.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….

36
2. Sally: “I am going to the excavation tomorrow.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
3. Paul: “I visited the Museum of London last week.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
4. Judith: “I’ve been to Aztec sites several times.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
5. Mike: “I will get some old maps on Saturday.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….

4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of say or tell in the gaps.
1. He…………told………them he was married.
He………said…………that he was married.
2. What did he………say…………about the meeting?
3. She……………me she had never been there.
4. They didn’t…………..anything about the work.
5. Can you…………..him how this computer works?
6. Please……………..them how to get there.
7. Janet…………………she knew the answer.
8. Could you………………….something to the director, please?
9. ……………her what you think of it.
10. He never…………….us what he meant.

Say/tell
Said/told
1. She said: “I went to HN yesterday.”
2. She said (that) she had gone to HN the day before/ the previous day.
3. She told me: “I went to HN yesterday.”
4. She told me (that) she had gone to HN the day before/ the previous day.

5. Complete the conversation. Use the words in bold and reported speech. Then
listen and check.
A: Are we going out with Peter and Nigella tonight?
B: No, they said that they 1 were going out somewhere else tonight, so they can’t meet.
A: Why didn’t they tell us last week that they ………………………………………. ?
B: I don’t know. Anyway, we’re having dinner together next Friday instead.
A: But you said that we ………………………….. dinner with your parents next Friday.
B: Yes, but they’ll be on holiday.
A: Really? You didn’t tell me they …………………………. on holiday.
B: Yes, I did. They’ve booked a holiday in France.
37
A: I thought they said they …………………………………. their holiday in Italy.
B: No, they said France.
A: So they aren’t going to visit us before they go.
B: No. They said they ………………………. have time to visit us.

VOCABULARY
4 Match the words 1-7 with the description a-g
1 a newspaper a a list of food
2 a diary b metal money
3 a drawing c you need what happened in this
4 a novel d something to keep food in
5 a menu e you write future plans here
6 coins f a picture done in pencil
7 a tin g a story book
5 Complete the sentences with these words
excavated statue civilization discovery archaeologist sacrifice

1. My father dug up a……………..…..of a woman.

2. The tribe often made a…………….to their gods.
3. They…………..……..a Roman villa here last year.
4. When did they make the……………….that the Aztecs lived there?
5. The…………..……think the building is very old.
6. They say that an ancient………….…….built these houses.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

Set up/set out/set about/set off
1. What time are you setting……off………..on your holiday?
2. It’s time you set……about……..clearing up your room.
3. Jane has just set ……up……..a new travel company.
4. At dawn, they set………………….for the forest.
5. I set………….the job of explaining the rules.
6. Paul set………………my new computer for me.
7. The boys set…………on the long ride.
8. I didn’t see him because he set…………..to work very early.
9. If you don’t set…………..digging the garden soon, it will rain.
10. I’ve set…………a new online bank account.

READING
Read the following passage and circle the correct word for each space.
DEATH VALLEY
The hottest place on earth is Death Valley, (1) ………. is located in the Mojave Desert in
California. In 1913 the temperature there (2) …….. to an unbelievable 56.7 0C. For many
years the (3) …….. for the highest temperature had been held by the Mediterranean city
of El Azizia (4) ……… northern Libya, where it was thought the temperature was 58 0C
one day in 1922. However, in 2012 scientists decided that a mistake had been (5) ……
and that the temperature hadn’t been quite this (6) ………….. Death Valley got its
English name in 1849, (7) …… people went there to (8) ………. for gold. The Native
38
Americans called the valley ‘tumpisa’, meaning ‘rock paint’. This refers to the paint that
was made (9) …… cay found in the area. Despite its name, only one person is ever
known to have died in Death Valley (10) ……… the gold rush of the mid-nineteenth
century.

1. A. where B. which C. how D. what

2. A. rose B. lifted C. came D. arrived
3. A. record B. score C. number D. goal
4. A. with B. at C. on D. in
5. A. made B. set C. done D. had
6. A. big B. strong C. tall D. high
7. A. then B. where C. when D. since
8. A. search B. work C. find D. go
9. A. in B. by C. from D. for
10. A. during B. since C. while D. when

FUNCTION
7 Complete the expression for giving a presentation
That’s everything would like the end of let’s move Let me

Today, I (1)………..to talk to you about (2)………start by telling you a bit about the
history of… So (3)………I wanted to say about the history. Now (4)…………..onto the
next part of my presentation…
That’s (5)………………my talk. To sum up…
8. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
1. Do you remember your first day in England?
A. I almost forget everything. B. Yes, it’s the first day. C. No, I didn’t.
2. Did I tell you there was a great TV programme on last night?
A. No, what was it about? B. No, I didn’t. C. Yes, I did.
3. We can’t stay very long.
A. If you want to B. It doesn’t matter C. Only $40 per night.
4. How did you get here?
A. I can come on the bus B. Sally brought me. C. Is it far from here?
5. Let’s go to the exhibition.
A. Do you like it? B. How much are the tickets? C. What happened there?

LISTENING
9. You will hear a talk with an archaeologist at the excavation site. Listen and
choose the best answer A, B or C.
1. Where is the talk taken place?
A. under the ground B. in the pyramid C. near the north pyramid wall.
2. Why is the discovery so important?
A. Because it tells a lot about the Aztecs. B. Because it hasn’t excavated yet.
C. Because it is in the pyramid.
3. What did the Aztecs use to sacrifice to their gods?
A. the dog’s skeleton B. animals C. gold and jade
4. Why did they think the dog was an important animal for the Aztecs?
39
A. It wore a beautiful collar. B. It was from a sacrifice.
C. It had beautiful skeleton.
5. What is the topic of the conversation?
A. the history of discovered objects.
B. the argument of discovered objects.
C. the explanation of discovered objects.

WRITING
10. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. The businessman: “Are you going to Russia on Friday?”
The businessman said ………………………
2. Matt said, “One day I’ll go on holiday to Rome.”
Matt said………………………………………..
3. The scientist: “Did you understand the experiment?”
The scientist asked if I……………………………
4. “Where did you go last night?” she said to her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend……………………………………
11. Complete the text with these words
studied wrote joined became was born
The life of John Randall
My neighbor, John Randall, ………….in 1925, in Birmingham. His father worked in a
factory and his mother was a housewife. They didn’t have much money. But John went to
a Grammar School and then at 18 he ……………biology at Manchester University. Life
was difficult, because the war had started in 1939.
After university, he …………..the army for 2 years, and asked to be sent abroad – he had
not been outside Britain before. He was sent to North Africa. As he was interested in
birds, John watched them in the desert, and made notes about them. After he left the
army, he ………..articles about desert birds, and became famous for his work. Later, he
got some interesting jobs studying birds in other parts of the world, wrote a number of
books and …………a university professor. And although he is old, he still goes
birdwatching now.

40
 UNIT 12
GRAMMAR: SECOND CONDITIONAL

You use if with the past simple to talk about situations that are

• possible but not probable:

If I won the lottery, … (I don’t think it’s very probable that I’ll win the lottery.)
• impossible:
If I were you, … (but I’m not and I never will be.)

You use the if-clause to describe the situation. You use would/wouldn’t 1 infinitive in the
main clause to talk about the imagined reaction to, or result of, the situation:
If I won the lottery, I’d buy a luxury yacht.
If I were you, I’d concentrate on my work.
You can also use if with the past simple to talk about
• imagined present situations:
If I had a lot of money, … (the real situation is that I don’t have a lot of money.)
• imagined future situations:
If I got a new job next week, …
(I don’t think I will get a new job.)

This is often called the second conditional.

If clause: if past simple Main clause: would infinitive

I’d (would) buy a yacht.
He wouldn’t (would not) get
If I had a lot of money,
up so early.
If he didn’t have to work,
Would you spend all the
If you won the lottery,
money?
Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.

The contracted form of would is ’d. Do not confuse it with the contracted form of had in
the past perfect. Would is followed by the infinitive. Had is followed by the past
participle.

If I was or If I were?
When you use the verb be with if in the simple past, you can use was or were for I, he,
41
she and it.
If I were rich ... / If I was rich
If he were my husband ... / If he was my husband

Were is more formal.

You often use If I were you to give advice. If I were you (If I was / were in your position.)
You use would / wouldn’t for the advice.
If I were you, I’d get on with my work!

If + S + verb (past simple) + O, S + would + verb + O.

1. Complete the second conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. If the weather……got….(get) warmer, the sea levels……would rise……(rise)
2. What…………..you………..(do) if there……(be) a tornado?
3. Which jungle………………he……………(visit), if he……….(have) a choice?
4. They…………(meet) us in South Africa, if we…………..(buy) the tickets.
5. If you……………(ask) her, I’m sure she…………(go) with you.
6. If they………….(leave) the area, …………..you…….(travel) with them?
2. Choose the correct options.
A: So, if you won / would win a million pounds on the lottery, what did / would you do
with it?
B: I don’t know. I think I bought / I’d buy a house, and if my family needed / would need
some money I gave / I’d give them some, of course.
A: Did / Would you give any money to charity?
B: If I knew / I’d know the money was going to help someone have a better life, well, yes,
I did / would. What about you?
A: If I had / I’d have a million pounds, I started / I’d start my own business. I opened
/ I’d open an art gallery or something like that
B: Nice idea. If I started / I’d start a new business, I think I wanted / I’d want to run a
restaurant or a bar.
3. Make sentences using will and might as indicated
Will : sure
She will go to the party tonight.
Might : not sure
She might go to the party tonight.

1. (will) She/ go/ there/ next year

……………………………………………………..
2. (might) The weather/ get/ hotter/ by 2020
……………………………………………………..
3. (will not) The neighbours/ help us/ with the farm
……………………………………………………..
4. (might not) He/ buy/ the zoo/ in the end
……………………………………………………..

42
VOCABULARY
4 Complete the sentences with these words
lightning thunderstorm tornado flood snow storm extreme
1. Some parts of the world have………………..weather.
2. A…………..can easily destroy a house or a car.
3. If…………hits a wooden building it can start a fire.
4. There is often a………….in winter in the north.
5. If it rains too much, there might be another……………
6. My dos hates the noise when there’s a………………………
5 Complete the sentences with these words.
modern difficulties social economic resources development production
industries
1. At the moment many countries have……………problems.
2. A lot of traditional………………are now closing down.
3. Many companies have economic………………..
4. Natural………………..such a coal and gas are less than they were.
5. The climate is changing and growing……………..is longer.
6. There is a lot of crime and other……………problems.
7. The factories are old. They need some………………ones.
8. There are plans for the………………….of the area.
6 Match these animals to the categories.
butterfly horse shark snake toad
1. mammal …………………………
2. reptile …………………………
3. amphibian …………………………
4. fish …………………………
5. insect …………………………

READING
Read the email and choose the correct option (a–c) to answer the questions.

Hi Mum and Dad,

Well I can't believe that another school year has finished. I wish I could come home and
see you for the summer, but I've got a job looking after two little children. I had applied
for a waitressing job, which was better paid than what I'm doing now, but they wanted
someone with experience, which I don't have, so I didn't get it. I started last week and it
seems to be all right. The children are nice and their mother Karen is OK, too, although I
don't see very much of her because she works. For my first day with the children, Karen
thought it would be nice if we did something fun together, so she asked me to take them
to the zoo. I hadn't been to a zoo since I was a little girl, but I remember that you used to
take me quite often and I loved it. I don't remember though, why we stopped going.
Anyway, my first shock was how expensive it was. It cost twenty pounds for adults and
fifteen pounds fifty for each child but there was a two pound discount for students like
me. Of course Karen had given me the money she paid for my ticket as well. The zoo was
much bigger than I remembered and there was so much to see that we spent the whole
day there.
43
We saw every kind of animal you can imagine. Ryan, the little boy, loved the reptile
house with all those disgusting snakes and Julie liked the tigers, but my favourite was the
elephant house. I don't know what it is about elephants, especially the babies, but I love
them. Maybe I should have been an explorer or a tropical vet or something. It was
absolutely brilliant! Maybe we should all go together again like we used to.
Anyway, I have to go.
Bye for now

1. Why wasn't Jane working as a waitress?

A. She wanted something with more money.
B. They wanted someone who had done that kind of work before.
C. She wanted to work with children.
2. How much did it cost for Jane and the children to get into the zoo?
A. 49 pounds
B. 51 pounds
C. 52 pounds
3. When she was a child, how often did Jane go to the zoo?
A. she never went to the zoo
B. Once
C. Regularly
4. How much did the ticket cost?
A. the same as it used to
B. more than it used to
C. less than it used to
5. Which animals does Jane not like?
A. Snakes
B. Elephants
C. Tigers

FUNCTION
7 Complete the expression for giving a presentation
a good idea isn’t a bad don’t we won’t work is that

Paul: We need to raise some money for the park.

June: The problem (1)………………nobody will sponsor it.
Paul: Well, why (2)……………………ask that garden centre.
June: That’s (3)……………! I’ll phone them.
Paul: No, that (4)………….! Let’s invite them to see the park.
June: Hmm, that (5)……………..idea!

8. Complete the conversations. Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

1. When will lunch be ready?
A. Quite soon. B. It’s soup and toast C. I hope you’re
hungry
2. Let’s meet at the cinema at half past seven
A. OK, I’ll see you then B. The cinema is open C. Yes, I will
3. I’ve lost my glasses.
44
A. Did you break it? B. Have you looked for them? C. How much are they?
4. May I leave now?
A. When we’ve finished B. Until tomorrow C. I don’t agree
5. How did the accident happen?
A. I can’t go there. B. I didn’t see it C. I don’t know how to.

LISTENING
9. Listen to a documentary about David Littschwager and choose the correct answer
A, B or C.
1. What is David Littschwager’s job?
A. an artist B. a photographer C. a journalist
2. What does Davis want to do?
A. to show the natural beauty around us.
B. to measure how much nature there is.
C. to show the nurture all the time.
3. Which place is too far away or too difficult for David?
A. nowhere. B. the middle of a forest. C. the side of a mountain.
4. What did he photograph?
A. green plants. B. everything alive. C. metal frame.
5. What is the result of his trip?
A. a new view of our world. B. a thousand organisms.
C. a natural ecosystem.

WRITING
10. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first.
1. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can’t meet you.
If I didn’t………………………………………………………….
2. There is a chance we won’t pass the test.
We might ……………………………………………………….
3. We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
If you didn’t………………………………………………………
4. There isn’t anywhere else in the world as beautiful as this place.
This is the ……………………………………………………..
5. Perhaps, the products of the future will be better than today’s.
The products of the future………………………….
11. Complete the press release with these phrases
Delighted to announce proud to would like to sponsor us look forward
We are …………..that the popular Weston Show will take place on the weekend of 18-19
July. We are …………….support Weston Hospital with profits from this exciting event.
We …………….invite your company to ……………….with:
-quality prizes for competitors to win
-help with payment of costs (equipment and electricity)

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Sponsors will receive:
-free advertising at the show
-publicity in local newspapers
We hope that you will be able to support our good work, and we ……………to seeing
you this summer.

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