REPORT ON:

Title: Human values and community Outreach

Submitted to:

AMITY SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY Guided

By: Dr.Kapil Shankar Tiwari

Submitted By:

Aman Khan
A 8028919021

AMITY SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY

AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH

GOMTI NAGAR
Declaration by Aman Khan student(s) of BHM Batch 2019-23

Enrollment No A8028919021 hereby declare that the project titled Human values and

community Outreach submitted by me Amity School of Hospitality Amity University Uttar

Pradesh, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of BHM has not

been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar

title or recognition. The Author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of

any copy righted material appearing in the Dissertation / Project report other than brief

excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgement in scholarly writing and all such use is

acknowledged.

Signature

Lucknow

Date Name and Signature of Student(s)

CERTIFICATE

On the basis of declaration submitted by Aman Khan student(s) BHM Batch 2019-23

Enrollment No A8028919021. I hereby certify that the project titled” Human values and community
Outreach which is submitted to Amity School of Hospitality, Amity University Lucknow

, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BHM) is an original

contribution with existing knowledge and faithful record of work carried out by him/them

under my guidance and supervision.

To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or full for any Degree

or Diploma to this University or elsewhere.

Date (Name and Signature of Guide)

Amity School of Hospitality

Amity University Lucknow

Uttar Pradesh
TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter -1 introduction

Chapter -2 Detail Study

Chapter -3 Outcome

Chapter -4 Suggestion
Chapter -5 Summary Learning Outcome

Conclusion

References
 Introduction

HUMAN VALUES AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH FINAL REPORT

TOPIC- HELPING OLD AGE PEOPLE

2….Child Abuse…

INTRODUCTION
An old age home is a place where old people are provided shelter and food to live. They are also
provided with healthcare facility and other amenities. Old age is an important phase of life when we
can sit and relax at home but nowadays many children who don’t want their parents at home admit
them to old age homes to get rid of them. However, sometimes there are people who don’t have
children and no one to take care of them so they get admitted to the old age home on their own wish.
The staff in the old age homes makes every possible effort to make their stay comfortable and
relaxing so that they can also enjoy their life.
There are various reasons behind the mushrooming of old age homes in different countries some of
which includes increasing urbanization and modern life which makes people too busy earning their
livelihood and forgetting all the moral values, breaking of the joint family into nuclear families, people
becoming selfish and socialize less and there are numerous other factors that result in this situation.
Children need to understand that their parents are the only ones who love them unconditionally but
without giving a second thought to this, they send their parents in the old age homes. However,
sometimes the old people willingly join old age homes as they remain active and get comprehensive
facilities which ensure a healthy and peaceful life.
Also, old age homes are a great option for the parents whose children work outside their country and
don’t get a chance to look after them. It is a matter of fact that if parents can admit their children in
crèche when they are working or don’t have time to take care of them, then indeed children can also
send them to old age homes when required.

Do you believe that the value of life is just minting money and to take care of those
whom you love. Or did you believe that life is worth living in the schedules made
by destiny. Today We are living and counting days which only aim to improve our
life and those who matter. While we go to temples and pray for self and live
selfishly, their those who don't have sleepers to put on or a grain to live for.
Many NGO's are working hard to bridge the gap between the selfish rich and the
forgiving poor through different schemes aligned with the government. But to
what extent they are effective depends totally on the support of the people and
their contributions.
It seems quite easy to debate and show concern for those who are not equal. But
to think as a community and accepting the responsibility of helping others is
difficult in practice. Through the proper guidance of a community outreach
coursework
we students have gained the insight and the need to be responsible for our
community and understand that to help others selflessly without any
expectations, royalty or fame is the ultimate path to self satisfaction. The fact that
most NGO's operate in and around the city of lucknow - we decided to access an
old age home chabi Shanti dhaam located in jankipuram
ORGANIZATION FOR HELPLESS (NGO).

ABOUT ORGANIZATION FOR HELPLESS(NGO)

1. One of the NGOs working in the field of senior citizens, i.e, old age homes from the
last 12 years successfully in lucknow a society is an Indian tradition. This time is so
far from the culture and respect of seniors. Our elders; which is called another
name of “Valuable Experience”. Today we are running in the race of success and
development & legging behind the values which is our heritage. This heritage is
being reflected in our society. Nobody is perfect to give reasons for their step
ahead in a life especially teenagers. They need that kind of direction how to live
life with self dependency. Our elders play an effective role to teach them the
values of life. We have just started to gather these values to represent nation a
flowerpot of happiness. With the continue help of our friends, well wishers, donors,
individuals and organizations, we hope to reach out to more people in the
coming year. Charity begins from Home and we have started to make initiatives.
We need your esteemed support to fulfill these initiatives and also to make
balance amongst the society regarding our seniors. We also Support much
organisation as Human resource like Staff, Doctors, Medical Equipments, Food
items, Articles, clothes, Mission: To contribute society and helpless as a Mother
NGO and also provide a best service delivery manner.
 THEIR OBJECTIVES • The main and foremost objective of the ngo is to provide shelter home to the
helpless senior citizens.
• Our organization has been fulfilling its objectives with completely depending on public charity
and on members of the organization. • organization has been fulfilling all the required legal
obligations such as submitting meetingsreport and complying with the rules and regulations
applicable as per the sections act 1880 such as change of governing body after every 5 years
through elections
. • Organization for helpless provides all kind of possible aids as a mother ngo to the other social
institutions working in different areas of social welfare such as educational societies, institutions
working on women empowerment and other small institutions.
• The other objective is to provide all kinds of possible aids to the physically disable person, blind,
or mentally retarded people.
• To organize various programs or events in aid of the society and other charitable organization. •
To organize health camps at different locations for the benefit of the weaker section of the
society.
• Provide medical aids to the handicapped and poor people.

Unethical: Old age home is not right for old parents because it is unethical those parents who took care us and
contribute their best in our success but in old age, they require our support and affection and we send them in
old age home is totally unethical so it should not be.

2 Against our culture: Old age home is not right because it is against our culture. It is a symbol of western
culture. In our culture parents always live with their children till their last time. In old age homes, there is a
limited choice of living space and choice of food and the atmosphere in an old age home is impersonal. So it is
not right. According to me, it is totally inappropriate because in our religion parents have a higher position than
god. It is also written in our spiritual books so we should not send it to our parents in an old age

Definition: An old age home is a place where senior citizens live in their old
Old age home is an institution to provides institutional care and services for senior citizens who are unable to stay
with their families.

It is helpful: Changing family values family structure. Increase of women participation in the workforce. Economic
compulsions of the children. Neglect and abuse by the family members.
It should be
1 Same age company people.

2 Any time medical facility.

3 Self-dignity.

4 Less conflict among the members.

5 Freedom.

1 Same age company people: Old age home is right because it provides same age environment to the old people
and they easily mingle with each other and live happily but at home, they can not get same age company that's why
they spent their most of time alone because their children and grandchildren don't have much time to spend with
their grandparents due to burden of official work and study. So we can say old age home provides them better
facility and company.

2 Anytime medical facility: An old age home is a right place for old people because it provides 24*7 medical facilities
to them and helps them live a safe and secure life. They get stress and depression at home because their children
don't have much time to spend with them and old age home provides them relief from stress and depression and
provides them a better life in their old age.

3 Self-dignity: Old age home is good for senior citizens because it maintains their self-dignity.In their old age, they
can lose their social respect because in old age their children, grandchildren and other people of society don't ask
them about any type of decision and sometimes it happens that they can be an extra burden on their children due to
busy schedule of official work and old age home protect their self-dignity so it is a right place for them.

4 Less conflict among the members: Old age home is right because it reduces conflict among the family members.
The presence of senior parents always creates a matter of taking care among the family members and an old age
home provides them a peaceful environment so it is the right place for them.
5 Freedom: Old age home is right because not only senior parents but also housewife has freedom when the old
parents stay old age home because in their presence she can't go outside for job and study to leave

1 Unethical.

2 Against our culture.

3 Teach us moral values.

4 Last time at home.

5 Help in adverse conditions.

1 Unethical: Old age home is not right for old parents because it is unethical those parents who took care us and
contribute their best in our success but in old age, they require our support and affection and we send them in old
age home is totally unethical so it should not be.

2 Against our culture: Old age home is not right because it is against our culture. It is a symbol of western culture. In
our culture parents always live with their children till their last time. In old age homes, there is a limited choice of
living space and choice of food and the atmosphere in an old age home is impersonal. So it is not right. According to
me, it is totally inappropriate because in our religion parents have a higher position than god. It is also written in our
spiritual books so we should not send it to our parents in an old age home.

3 Teach us moral values: Senior citizens teach us moral values & manners to grandchildren because old parents
have experience of life which they always share with their family members which are helpful for children to get
success in their life so we can say old parents should live with us all time. As we know that most children want to
spend their time with their grandparents. Grandparents tell them many stories of animals, birds and many more
which make children kind to animals and birds and they learn that how to behave with animals.

As we know that at the present time parents don't have much time for their children due to their official work so
grandparents play a very important role in the overall development of a child.

4 Last time at home: Mostly a man spend the major part of his life doing work as a bread-winner out of home and
after retirement, he wants to spend his remaining time with his family and then send to him in old age home is not
right. He or she sacrifices his entire life for his family and children to make them successful persons.

5 Help in adverse conditions: Old age home is not right because old parents help us in adverse condition because
they have a lot of experience of life, so they can easily get over in any adverse condition that's why we should not
send them in old age home.
Conclusion: There are two sides to every coin same as old age home has two sides positive and negative. Old age
home is right because it provides senior citizens same age company and any time medical facility and at present
time people don't have much time to spend with their old parents and take care which creates stress and depression
in old parents but old age home provide them healthy environment. Other side parents always contribute their time
to the success of their children so in their old age we should not send them an old age home they want to spend
their time with their grandchildren. Old parents have experience of life which help in adverse condition and teach us
moral values of life and manners so it is unethical to send them old age home.
old age homes can be a blessing to some people while for others it can be a curse. The situation varies from
family to family. However, the old age homes are the last hope of old people so they must be equipped with
every facility so that people who live there can lead a better life.

Now a day, Indian families aíe influenced by modeínization, globalization, uíbanization and westeínization. As the íesult of these aspect
joint family system aíe bíoken into nucleaí family systems and it’s cíeate the caíing píoblems of eldeíly in family. In this scenaíio when
consideíing the caíe of the eldeíly, institution such as ‘old age homes’ have come to play an impoítant íole in society

Aim:
ľo collect infoímation and awaíe the people about quality of life among eldeíly living in old age

look at certain aspects of the rising number of facilities for the elderly

There have been many transformations in recent years that have had an impact on society in different
sectors – societal, financial and personal. Lifestyles have changed, some for the better and a few with
negative consequences. The population in general has been reaping the benefits, and mostly those from
the younger generation have been able to realise many of their dreams and develop their careers in a
better fashion than was possible earlier.

However, the senior citizens, referred to as elders, face certain problems as a consequence of the social
transformation. This is reflected in the transition from the traditional ways of life to modern patterns,
which require many compromises and adjustments. One of these involve old age homes (OAHs). What
is the genesis of old age homes and how have they changed life patterns for the elders? These questions
need to be examined dispassionately.

To understand the concept of OAHs, one has to go back in time five to six decades to see the life pattern
of elders and chronologically trace the developments that led to the slow yet steady changes that were
necessitated by circumstances. There was the much-acclaimed joint family or extended family system
wherein elders lived with not only their children but also with their brothers, sisters or uncles and aunts
in nearby houses, mostly in villages or in small towns. They all used to live close by, helping each other
for many purposes, be it happy small events or big occasions like marriages. Everyone was close at hand
for any emergencies such as health problems or deaths. Thus, the social fabric was well-woven and due
respect was given to elders. This system enabled elders to lead reasonably happy lives with hardly any
tension, as they had the confidence that someone would take care of them when needed. Whenever there
was some health issues for an elder, the whole family would run around to attend to all needs, rendering
medical to personal assistance. With perfect understanding on caring and sharing the duties, the elders
did not feel let down or lonely.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY To develop an understanding of the community, its

structure, resources and characteristics.

2. To develop skills to analyze perceptions of community regarding their

problems, needs and issues affecting their lives

3. To develop skills in problem solving at individual, group and community levels,

mobilize people around common concerns and formulate tentative strategies
and programs to address some of the issues confronted

4. To develop skills in community research.

5. Gain access to practical information that is not yet vailable in courses and
books related to community work.

Work Undertaken While working with the NGO and participating in its activities, I
am able to find some relevant data. It contained following broad objectives
 1. Data collection
2. Awareness
3. Co curricular Activities

Data Collection In this regard we started collecting data about the people who
are helpless or homeless and there are no one to help them even not their family
take a stand to take care for them. And apart from this there also some kind of
people who are lost. This data gave a clear image about the exact no. of helpless
people and whether or not they are in need of any medical aid. We found out
that around 70% of these people were not having proper medical facilities before
. They spent their whole day roaming here and there. Some of them even were
quite rowdy and unruly due to bad friendship circles and sometimes have bad
habit of alcohol consumption which can ruin their life. They need proper
guidance what should be done. And this ngo provides all the facilities to improve
their condition. This data was based on the information received on personal
level as proper survey was not possible. I have also provide some medicines to the
NGO for the people staying there for the betterment of their health. Awareness

After collecting the data it was important to convince their family. As they didn’t
valued old age people. As the people staying there are mostly homeless or lost so
it was necessary to create awareness among the people that how respecting and
valuing old age people could give them a better life in future. The ngo promote
helping of old age people so that no individual should never think of their elders
leaving from home. The initiative has taken by the NGO to organize various
health camps for their good health. Apart from this the NGO also promotes
recently launched SWATCH BHARAT ABHIYAAN by our Prime minister “Shri
Narendra Damodardas Modi” by taking various initiative in making the lucknow
clean and green for the betterment of our society. And it had also promoted the
rally for “NASHA MUKTI ABHIYAAN” which conveys the youth to not getting into
addiction of various types of drugs which can be dangerous to their life.

Co-Curricular Activities
So as to ensure active participation of some old age people, the students who
had came for doing internship has active participation with the people staying
there. They played games such as ludo, carrom with them which make them feel
happy and forget all their sadness which discovered themselves.

The patterns

There are five patterns that elders today face generally, which are situation-dependent. In one, elders
stay with children in the same house in the city, which ensures financial and health security. In
another situation, they live alone in a separate house with children living elsewhere in the city,
considering proximity to places of work or the educational needs of children. Here, the family
members visit the parents once a week or when any health problems necessitate their presence. In a
third scenario, elders stay alone in a town or city while the children live in faraway cities for
employment; the children visit once in a few months for occasions or emergencies of health.

In a fourth pattern, elders live all alone in the city, the children having migrated to foreign countries
or for higher education, jobs and so on. The children will be living settled and comfortable lives
with family and children, with all material comforts. They will visit the elders once in two or three
years; this situation causes health-related and emotional insecurities, though the elders will be
financially sound thanks to foreign remittances. In another pattern, elders live with relatives or in
old age homes, either with spouse or alone, with financial, health and emotional insecurity. Elders,
both men and women, who remained single without marriage invariably landed in OAHs. Each of
these situations has its own merits and demerits. While many elders accept the change, others are
unable to adjust, and start grumbling and sulking, which is understandable considering the age and
exposure to circumstances. Among the estimated population of over 10 crore in the country in the
age range of 65 and above, at least 10 to 20% will be above 75 who face health problems to
different degrees. Due to personal compulsions many have emigrated and stay with children mostly
in the United States. But some are unable to travel owing to health reasons such as immobility or
other personal reasons, and go in search of OAHs.

Genesis of old age homes

Each family has its own problems, with a single child or two or many sons and daughters to look
after parents. As they give priority to their own lives with a bright future, many children face the
embarrassment of taking care of their parents. Here comes the question of whether to stay back in
the country to provide a comfortable life for parents in their advanced age or to migrate to other
countries. Attracted by advanced technologies that provide opportunities to prosper in life and by
materialistic benefits, many youngsters migrate to greener pastures, leaving behind parents to take
care of themselves or with relatives. In the absence of either option, the choice is to leave the elders
in OAHs under the care of others who manage the system. Thus OAHs were born to help chiefly the
non-resident Indians (NRIs), to relieve them of the tension of leaving behind parents under the care
of someone outside the family system. So, the OAHs were a concomitant of the emergence of the
nuclear family system.
Having said that, it must be admitted that there are sons and daughters in some families who do not
want to leave their aged parents and prefer to take care of them until their last breath, by opting to
remain in the country with the satisfaction of whatever employment and other benefits they have
commensurate with their education and qualifications. Thus, the mindset of children varies widely
and parents have learnt to compromise with the given situation.

Life in OAHs

Just as in the case of systems in other sectors, OAHs have also become highly commercialised.
There has been a virtual mushrooming of OAHs in recent years. It has become a lucrative business,
thanks to the NRIs who are prepared to shell out huge deposits to admit their helpless parents in
OAHs. The cost of providing accommodation, food, comforts and medical help is high.

cursory glance at the number of OAHs in the country reveal that there are different categories of
them to cater to the needs of elders, depending on the payment capacity. While some OAHs seem to
provide good facilities, others lack such comforts. It is not that all elders are taken care of well by
the managements. Some of them impose restrictions. The food served is reported to be of low
quality and deficient in quantity in many of them. A recent newspaper report spoke of how a poor
elder in an OAH was beaten for asking for more food. So also their bedrooms and toilets are often
poorly maintained. Some of the managements do not utilise payments made to them by children in
India and abroad, leaving the helpless parents in the lurch.

Such abuse and misuse of OAHs come to the limelight often, but seldom is action taken to rectify
the situation. There are some well-managed OAHs too, though they are very costly.

Thus, most of the elders in OAHs are not very happy, confined as they are to isolation.
Unfortunately, children are unable to come on time when parents fall sick or even die in OAHs. But
there are some elders who feel comfortable in OAHs for the freedom and friendly atmosphere with
other elders who keep them company, enjoying the time with TV, games and gossip. They show
some detachment from family members and feel more secure in OAHs and avoid a restricted life
with their children.
 OUTCOMES The program started by us helped numerous people to feel them
happy and reduce the loneliness from their life. But it was not possible for
everyone to get emotionally happiness. While some of the people might lost in
their own world and thinking of their own life. However numerous people get
basic attraction till the end of our internship program. The basic program proved
to be beneficial for the people as they were able to grasp a lot of attraction within
limited time and some little attraction proved to be beneficial to them. Some
adults who attended the activities undertaken by ngo were also able to cope up
with their difficulties. So called Nasha mukti abhiyaan promoted by the ngo not
only focus on the youth but for the old people also who are used to it. But it was a
hectic task as it is not easy to teach old people easily. One of the person Lalit in
the organization has bad habit of alcohol consumption and this is the reason his
family left him to the ngo because of the unsuitable environment in their house.
While taking care by the ngo they provide him essential medicines which
improve his health. In living the environment of NGO his habit of consumpting
alcohol is reduced and his health conditions are also improved. The team also
successfully accomplished the task of creating awareness amongst the youth
and this awareness will bear it fruits in distant future. They were able to
understand that drugs free environment will act as a tool for better employment.
This will help future children in securing better future in the society. These small
efforts made by our team resulted in implanting the ideas of better awareness
and better life. These steps have helped the unprivileged to know this world in a
better way.

RECOMMENDATIONS
These types of programs can be beneficial at local levels, following steps can be
taken to popularize this program and spread it at large scale.

1. Involvement of local NGOs

 2. 2. Involvement of local government
3. 3. Taking the help of administrative officers
4. 4. Arrangement of funds through govt. policies
5. 5. Creating awareness in colleges and educational institutions
6. 6. Promotion of peer to peer learning system


Description of the Old-Age Home:
The old-age home was situated in the outskirts of the city and was close to the national
highway. It was a two-storey building with a garden out in the front and a small temple just
on its east boundary. The walls of the home were old and the paint had worn off. It looked
like the house was without maintenance for years together. There was an elderly lady who
was peeking through the window on the first floor when we opened the gate.
Meeting the Residents:
When we entered the home, we were taken by surprise as there was more number of
people than we had imagined. There was a common room where elderly men and women
ranging from the ages of 60s till late 80s were seen. Some of them were indulged in
watching the television, some were sipping tea and chatting, some ladies were busy
knitting and others were staring at us. We had brought with us food and blankets which we
distributed amongst the members. They were ecstatic to have food from outside. We
segregated ourselves and went to talk individually to everyone.
My Personal Experience:
I went over to an elderly lady who was sitting at the corner of the room, staring at the glass
window. I introduced myself and took a seat besides her. She greeted me with a smile and
gave me a toffee which she had in her bag. She told me how her son left her at the old-age
home as he was unable to attend to her because of his job.
He shifted to a foreign country and left her in the place which she never deserved. She
became emotional while narrating the story and then advised me to never do that with my
parents in their old age. She said that parents need care in their old age as they had cared
for their children all their life.
Conclusion:
The visit to the old-age home was a fulfilling experience for me as I came back home with
not only memories but also some valuable lessons. When I reached home, I ran straight to
my mother and hugged her tight saying that I would never abandon her or my father when
they grew old. She held me tight with teary eyes.

CASE STUDY FORMAT I have made the three case study on the individuals staying in the
NGO, their good or bad habits and the contribution made by myself to the NGO such as
donating medicines, clothes to them which I think is a less help made by myself. A little
help by every people in the society make them feel good which can build their perception
towards life and they don’t think as a burden to society.

. NAME- Panksj Misra OBSERVATION- One of the most curious man in the NGO is Mr
pankaj misra who is homeless and likes to play games. He was provided with medical
facilities by the ngo which improve his health. CONCLUSION- Spending some time with
him not only make me happy but make him feel more special. I used to play games with
him which cheers him and forget all his problem

2. NAME- MR.Sunil OBSERVATION- There are also some kind of people who are
depressed, one of those is Mr sunil who feels himself a burden due to his disease paralysis.
With the interaction with him i found that his family had left him in the ngo because of his
problem. I felt really bad that how cruel are the people exist in the world. CONCLUSION I
used to share my experiences with him and try every other way to make him feel happy.

3. NAME – Raghav OBSERVATION- raghav is being observed under the category of

homeless who has a bad habit of alcohol consumtion and this is the reason his family has
left him in the NGO. But in living in the environment of ngo, his habit is improving. His
medical ailments have been taken care off by the ngo.

CONCLUSION With working with ngo i could realise the importance of values in human’s
life and one should respect every other individual in the society.
 Understanding Community Outreach In this section we try to understand the objective and ethos that
community outreach has embedded within us. The ultimate aspect of community outreach is to feel
the responsibility of serving the society in terms of underprivileged welfare or through any honest
methods necessary that can promote a positive impact on the lives of the challenged.

1. Key Learning : Community Outreach involves the donation of time and or resources for the benefit
of the community or its institutions including NGO’s and CBOs.

2. Aim : Community Outreach Program enable us to explore various volunteer opportunities and
learn more about the local institutions and civil society.

3. Human Values : There are five stem values and many sub-values or virtues that come from
Together they make up the tapestry that forms an individual of character, containing all that
makes a human noble, caring and kind. The primary five are:- • Love • Peace -Using the tool
of the mind • Truth -Using the power of intellect • Non-violence -Awakening the spirit within •
Right Conduct -Using the tool of the body

4. Goals
• Enhance Community Awareness • Increase the visibility of program • Broaden community
support • Engage new partners/ stakeholders • Improve knowledge and attitudes and behaviors •
Develop responsible citizenship 5. Principles Followed • Display respect for Individuals and value
their worth and dignity. • Display respect for culture and beliefs of the reach out groups/persons. •
Do not impose- accord persons the right to self determination based on informed choice. • Do not
create dependency in the populations served but promote self reliance in the community served. •
Maintain confidentiality of clients helped/supported. • Do not criticize the populations you work with
but be supportive and empowering. • Display non judgmental attitude.

How to build rapport • Building rapport/trust within the community is a critical prerequisite to
conducting community outreach. • Building rapport is helpful and contributes to the overall safety
of the outreach worker during the field visits. • This is a time consuming task and an on-going
process.

• The basic strategies should be applied in order to build trust and deliver services are displayed in the
process chart.
Understanding Community Barriers • Stigmas, myths and misconceptions • Behaviors and Perception •
Politics • Lack of support • Lack of trust • Lack of funds

Do's &. Don'ts

The following table describes the basic points to follow or avoid doing while performing any activity at
work site. Do's Don'ts Do conduct needs assessments Do not wear expensive clothes, jewelry or
uncomfortable shoes.Do be flexible in scheduling. Do carry identification at all times. Do accept offers of
help from community residents. Do not carry valuables or large amounts of money, or take your wallet out.
 Do have contingency plans for emergencies and dangerous situations. Do not make promises in the
community that you cannot deliver.
Planning For The Unplanned In this section we will discuss the goals and a proper strategy to
identify the factors surrounding the village that force children to succumb into child labour and the
poor health of the villagers especially women.
1. Goals It is well said that without vision no man can fulfill a journey. To us clear goals are very
important for the administration and management of resources to improve the lives of countless
people in minimal time. So before planning strategies, we ensured to identify the following goals
to follow:

• To understand the working of an NGO in a remote work site.

To identify the problems a child labour or a malnourished women faces.

To understand the ethos of community outreach and help by doing the needful.

To understand and self evaluate our position w.r.t the villagers. by giving solutions.

To wake up others and aware them about resolving unorthodox traditions.

To setup a minimal infrastructure in the village in terms of education and welfare.

To create an opportunity to serve selflessly.

2. Schedules and Activity We discussed our schedule and plans of action under the supervision of
our NGO coordinator and faculty advisor through a schedule-activity table.

Introduction community outreach

Formulation of groups and understanding the objective

1. Community Service has no full stop. This outreach coursework has successfully ensured that as future
professionals we should be obliged to help others not only in terms of money but through physical and mental
support. Today the people of khadra lucknow are happy and the fact that I have started to feel as if these
people are of my own. As a family takes care of its members, similarly me and my friends have vowed to help
not only these villagers but anyone who is genuinely in need. If you shower care and respect, you will be
rewarded with a sweet smile.

Child Abuse

Introduction
Child maltreatment is the, abuse and neglect, that occurs to children under 18 years of age. It
includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence
and commercial or other exploitation, which results in actual or potential harm to the child’s
health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or
power. According to World Health Organization (WHO), Exposure to intimate partner violence is
also sometimes included as a form of child maltreatment [1]. Child abuse and neglect are serious
problems that can have lasting harmful effects on its victims. The goal in preventing child abuse
and neglect is clear-to stop this violence from happening in the first place. Safe, stable, nurturing
relationships and environments for all children and families can prevent abuse and help all
children reach their full potential [2].
 Every year, there are an estimated 41,000 homicide deaths in children under 15 years of age. This
number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due
to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns, drowning and other causes.
Nonetheless, international studies reveal that a quarter of all adults report having been physically
abused as children and 1 in 5 women and 1 in 13 men report having been sexually abused as a
child. A quarter of all adults report having been physically abused as children. Additionally, many
children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse) and to
neglect [1]. The statistics can feel overwhelming. States reported that 676,569 children were
victims of child abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).
Approximately 695,000 children in the United States were victims of child abuse and neglect in
2010, and 1537 died. Most of these deaths were in infants and toddlers
Although these rates are high, child abuse and neglect can be prevented.

Emotional abuse refers to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse; it is the most common form of
child abuse. Many parents are emotionally abusive without being violent or sexually abusive, However, emotional
abuse invariably accompanies physical and sexual abuse. Some parents who are emotionally abusive parents
practice forms of child-rearing that are orientated towards fulfilling their own needs and goals, rather than those
of their children. Their parenting style may be characterised by overt aggression towards their children, including
shouting and intimidation, or they may manipulate their children using more subtle means, such as emotional
blackmail.

Emotional abuse does not only occur in the home. Children can be emotionally abused by teachers and other
adults in a position of power over the child. Children can also be emotionally abused by other children in the form
of "bullying". Chronic emotional abuse in schools is a serious cause of harm to victimised children and warrants
ongoing active intervention.

 How many children are emotionally abused or neglected? Survey found that a quarter of the sample of
undergraduate students reported some form of emotional abuse by their parents. Another quarter reported other
forms of emotional abuse outside the home, such as bullying.
 Who is most likely to be emotionally abused? Boys and girls are equally likely to be victims of emotional abuse
by their parents, and emotional maltreatment has been reported to peak in the 6- to 8- year old range and to
remain at a similar level throughout adolescence. 

Any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. Child
abuse takes many forms, which often occur at the same time.

 Physical abuse. Physical child abuse occurs when a child is purposely physically injured or put at
risk of harm by another person.

 Sexual abuse. Sexual child abuse is any sexual activity with a child, such as fondling, oral-genital
contact, intercourse, exploitation or exposure to child pornography.
  Emotional abuse. Emotional child abuse means injuring a child's self-esteem or emotional well-
being. It includes verbal and emotional assault — such as continually belittling or berating a child
— as well as isolating, ignoring or rejecting a child.

 Medical abuse. Medical child abuse occurs when someone gives false information about illness in
a child that requires medical attention, putting the child at risk of injury and unnecessary medical
care.

 Neglect. Child neglect is failure to provide adequate food, shelter, affection, supervision,
education, or dental or medical care.

Symptoms
A child who's being abused may feel guilty, ashamed or confused. He or she may be afraid to tell
anyone about the abuse, especially if the abuser is a parent, other relative or family friend. That's why
it's vital to watch for red flags, such as:

 Withdrawal from friends or usual activities

 Changes in behavior — such as aggression, anger, hostility or hyperactivity — or changes in

school performance

 Depression, anxiety or unusual fears, or a sudden loss of self-confidence

 An apparent lack of supervision

 Frequent absences from school

 Reluctance to leave school activities, as if he or she doesn't want to go home

 Attempts at running away

 Rebellious or defiant behavior

 Self-harm or attempts at suicide

Specific signs and symptoms depend on the type of abuse and can vary. Keep in mind that warning
signs are just that — warning signs. The presence of warning signs doesn't necessarily mean that a
child is being abused.
Physical abuse signs and symptoms

 Unexplained injuries, such as bruises, fractures or burns

 Injuries that don't match the given explanation

Sexual abuse signs and symptoms

 Sexual behavior or knowledge that's inappropriate for the child's age

 Pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection

 Blood in the child's underwear

 Statements that he or she was sexually abused

 Inappropriate sexual contact with other children

Emotional abuse signs and symptoms

 Delayed or inappropriate emotional development

 Loss of self-confidence or self-esteem

 Social withdrawal or a loss of interest or enthusiasm

 Depression

 Avoidance of certain situations, such as refusing to go to school or ride the bus

 Desperately seeks affection

 A decrease in school performance or loss of interest in school

 Loss of previously acquired developmental

Neglect signs and symptoms

 Poor growth or weight gain or being overweight

 Poor hygiene

 Lack of clothing or supplies to meet physical needs

 Taking food or money without permission

 Hiding food for later

 Poor record of school attendance

 Lack of appropriate attention for medical, dental or psychological problems or lack of necessary
follow-up care
Parental behavior

Sometimes a parent's demeanor or behavior sends red flags about child abuse. Warning signs include
a parent who:

 Shows little concern for the child

 Appears unable to recognize physical or emotional distress in the child

 Blames the child for the problems

 Consistently belittles or berates the child, and describes the child with negative terms, such as
"worthless" or "evil"

 Expects the child to provide him or her with attention and care and seems jealous of other family
members getting attention from the child

 Uses harsh physical discipline

 Demands an inappropriate level of physical or academic performance

 Severely limits the child's contact with others

 Offers conflicting or unconvincing explanations for a child's injuries or no explanation at all

Child health experts condemn the use of violence in any form, but some people still use corporal
punishment, such as spanking, as a way to discipline their children. Any corporal punishment may
leave emotional scars.

Parental behaviors that cause pain, physical injury or emotional trauma — even when done in the
name of discipline — could be child abuse.
When to see a doctor

If you're concerned that your child or another child has been abused, seek help immediately.
Depending on the situation, contact the child's doctor or health care provider, a local child protective
agency, the police department

If the child needs immediate medical attention, call 911 or your local emergency number.

Keep in mind that health care professionals are legally required to report all suspected cases of child
abuse to the appropriate county authorities or the police.
Risk factors

Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include:

 A history of being abused or neglected as a child

 Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

 Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, or single parenting

 A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled

 Financial stress, unemployment or poverty

 Social or extended family isolation

 Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills

 Alcohol, drugs or other substance abuse

Complications
Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with
strong social support and resiliency skills who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many
others, however, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional or mental health issues —
even years later. Below are some examples.
Physical issues

 Premature death

 Physical disabilities

 Learning disabilities

 Substance abuse

 Health problems, such as heart disease, immune disorders, chronic lung disease and cancer

Behavioral issues

 Delinquent or violent behavior

 Abuse of others

 Withdrawal

 Suicide attempts or self-injury

 High-risk sexual behaviors or teen pregnancy

 Problems in school or not finishing high school

 Limited social and relationship skills

 Problems with work or staying employed

Emotional issues

 Low self-esteem

 Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships

 Challenges with intimacy and trust

 An unhealthy view of parenthood

 Inability to cope with stress and frustrations

 An acceptance that violence is a normal part of relationships

Risk factors
Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include:
  A history of being abused or neglected as a child

 Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

 Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, or single parenting

 A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled

 Financial stress, unemployment or poverty

 Social or extended family isolation

 Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills

 Alcohol, drugs or other substance abuse

Complications
Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with
strong social support and resiliency skills who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many
others, however, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional or mental health issues —
even years later. Below are some examples.
Physical issues

 Premature death

 Physical disabilities

 Learning disabilities

 Substance abuse

 Health problems, such as heart disease, immune disorders, chronic lung disease and cancer



Behavioral issues

 Delinquent or violent behavior

 Abuse of others

 Withdrawal

 Suicide attempts or self-injury

 High-risk sexual behaviors or teen pregnancy

  Problems in school or not finishing high school

 Limited social and relationship skills

 Problems with work or staying employed

Emotional issues

 Low self-esteem

 Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships

 Challenges with intimacy and trust

 An unhealthy view of parenthood

 Inability to cope with stress and frustrations

 An acceptance that violence is a normal part of relationships

Risk factors

Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include:

 A history of being abused or neglected as a child

 Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

 Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, or single parenting

 A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled

 Financial stress, unemployment or poverty

 Social or extended family isolation

 Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills

 Alcohol, drugs or other substance abuse

Complications
Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with
strong social support and resiliency skills who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many
others, however, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional or mental health issues —
even years later. Below are some examples.
Physical issues

 Premature death

 Physical disabilities

 Learning disabilities

 Substance abuse

 Health problems, such as heart disease, immune disorders, chronic lung disease and cancer

Behavioral issues

 Delinquent or violent behavior

 Abuse of others

 Withdrawal

 Suicide attempts or self-injury

 High-risk sexual behaviors or teen pregnancy

 Problems in school or not finishing high school

 Limited social and relationship skills

 Problems with work or staying employed

Emotional issues

 Low self-esteem

 Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships

 Challenges with intimacy and trust

 An unhealthy view of parenthood

 Inability to cope with stress and frustrations

  An acceptance that violence is a normal part of relationships

Warning signs of child abuse and neglect

The warning signs that a child is being abused or neglected can vary according to the type of
abuse inflicted.

Warning signs of emotional abuse

The child may:

 Be excessively withdrawn, fearful, or anxious about doing something wrong.

 Show extremes in behavior (extremely compliant, demanding, passive, aggressive).

 Not seem to be attached to the parent or caregiver.

 Act either inappropriately adult (taking care of other children) or inappropriately

infantile (thumb-sucking, throwing tantrums).

Warning signs of physical abuse

The child may:

 Have frequent injuries or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts. Their injuries may
appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt.

 Be always watchful and ―on alert,‖ as if waiting for something bad to happen.

 Shy away from touch, flinch at sudden movements, or seem afraid to go home.

 Wear inappropriate clothing to cover up injuries, such as long-sleeved shirts on hot

days.

Warning signs of child neglect

The child may:

 Wear ill-fitting, filthy, or inappropriate clothing for the weather.

 Have consistently bad hygiene (unbathed, matted and unwashed hair, noticeable
body odor).

 Have untreated illnesses and physical injuries.

  Be frequently unsupervised or left alone or allowed to play in unsafe situations.

 Be frequently late or missing from school.

Warning signs of sexual abuse in children

The child may:

 Have trouble walking or sitting.

 Display knowledge of sexual acts inappropriate for their age, or even exhibit seductive
behavior.

 Make strong efforts to avoid a specific person, without an obvious reason.

 Not want to change clothes in front of others or participate in physical activities.

 Have an STD or pregnancy, especially if they’re under the age of 14.

 Try to run away from home.

Warning signs of child abuse and neglect

The warning signs that a child is being abused or neglected can vary according to the type of
abuse inflicted.

Warning signs of emotional abuse

The child may:

 Be excessively withdrawn, fearful, or anxious about doing something wrong.

 Show extremes in behavior (extremely compliant, demanding, passive, aggressive).

 Not seem to be attached to the parent or caregiver.

 Act either inappropriately adult (taking care of other children) or inappropriately

infantile (thumb-sucking, throwing tantrums).

Warning signs of physical abuse

The child may:

  Have frequent injuries or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts. Their injuries may
appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt.

 Be always watchful and ―on alert,‖ as if waiting for something bad to happen.

 Shy away from touch, flinch at sudden movements, or seem afraid to go home.

 Wear inappropriate clothing to cover up injuries, such as long-sleeved shirts on hot

days.

Warning signs of child neglect

The child may:

 Wear ill-fitting, filthy, or inappropriate clothing for the weather.

 Have consistently bad hygiene (unbathed, matted and unwashed hair, noticeable
body odor).

 Have untreated illnesses and physical injuries.

 Be frequently unsupervised or left alone or allowed to play in unsafe situations.

 Be frequently late or missing from school.

Warning signs of sexual abuse in children

The child may:

 Have trouble walking or sitting.

 Display knowledge of sexual acts inappropriate for their age, or even exhibit seductive
behavior.

 Make strong efforts to avoid a specific person, without an obvious reason.

 Not want to change clothes in front of others or participate in physical activities.

 Have an STD or pregnancy, especially if they’re under the age of 14.

 Try to run away from home.

Breaking the cycle of abuse

If you have a history of child abuse, having your own children can trigger strong memories and
feelings that you may have repressed. You may be shocked and overwhelmed by your anger,
and feel like you can’t control it. But you can learn new ways to manage your emotions and
break your old patterns.

Remember, you are the most important person in your child’s world – and you don’t have to go
it alone. Help and support are available:

Learn what is age appropriate and what is not. Having realistic expectations of what children
can handle at certain ages will help you avoid frustration and anger at normal child behavior.
For example, newborns are not going to sleep through the night without a peep, and toddlers
are not going to be able to sit quietly for extended periods of time.

Develop new parenting skills. Start by learning appropriate discipline techniques and how to
set clear boundaries for your children. Parenting classes, books, and seminars offer this
information. You can also turn to other parents for tips and advice.

Take care of yourself. If you are not getting enough rest and support or you’re feeling
overwhelmed, you are much more likely to succumb to anger. Sleep deprivation, common in
parents of young children, adds to moodiness and irritability—exactly what you are trying to
avoid.

Get professional help. Breaking the cycle of abuse can be very difficult if the patterns are
strongly entrenched. If you can’t seem to stop yourself no matter how hard you try, it’s time to
get help, whether in the form of therapy, parenting classes, or other interventions. Your
children will thank you for it.

Learn to control your emotions.

If you were abused or neglected as a child, you may have an especially difficult time getting in
touch with your range of emotions. You may have had to deny or repress them as a child, and
now they spill out without your control.

How to help an abused or neglected child

What should you do if you suspect that a child is being abused? Or if a child confides in you?
It’s normal to feel a little overwhelmed and confused. Child abuse is a difficult subject that can
be hard to accept and even harder to talk about—for both you and the child. When talking with
an abused child, the best way to encourage them is to show calm reassurance and
unconditional support. If you’re having trouble finding the words, let your actions speak for
you.

Avoid denial and remain calm. A common reaction to news as unpleasant and shocking as child
abuse is denial. However, if you display denial to a child, or show shock or disgust at what
they are saying, the child may be afraid to continue and will shut down. As hard as it may be,
remain as calm and reassuring as you can.

Don’t interrogate. Let the child explain to you in their own words what happened, but don’t
interrogate the child or ask leading questions. This may confuse and fluster the child and
make it harder for them to continue their story.

Reassure the child that they did nothing wrong. It takes a lot for a child to come forward about
abuse. Reassure them that you take what they said seriously, and that it is not their fault.

Safety comes first. If you feel that your safety or the safety of the child would be threatened if
you tried to intervene, leave it to the professionals. You may be able to provide more support
later.

Someone intentionally hurting a child. Yet nearly 1 million children are abused every year. And these are only the
reported incidents of child abuse — many more cases are unreported and undetected, often because children are afraid
to tell somebody who can help. Most of the time, kids know their abusers and the abuse happens in the home. This
makes it difficult for kids to speak up. They may feel trapped by the affection they feel for their abusers or fearful of the
power the abusers have over them — so they stay silent. That's why it's especially important to be able to recognize the
signs of child abuse. the most serious cases of child abuse can end in death. Those who survive may suffer emotional
scars that can last long after the physical bruises have healed. Kids who are abused are more likely to have problems
building and maintaining relationships throughout their lives. They're also more likely to have low self- esteem,
depression, thoughts of suicide, and other mental health issues. As we all know that the cases of child abuses are
increasing day by day. To put an end to such cases it is very important to spread awareness in children about this topic.
To help innocent children of our society through our course community outreach

1. Understanding community outreach The objective and ethos that community outreaches has embedded within
us. The ultimate aspect of community outreach is to feel the responsibility of serving the society in terms of
underprivileged welfare or through any honest methods necessary that can promote a positive impact on the
lives of the challenged.

2. 1. Key Learning: Community Outreach involves the donation of time and or resources for the benefit of the
community or its institutions including NGO’s 2. Aim: Community Outreach Program enables us to explore
various volunteer opportunities and learn more about the local institutions and civil society.

3. 3. Human Values: There are five stem values and many sub-values or virtues that come from Together they
make up the tapestry that forms an individual of character, containing all that makes a human noble, caring
and kind. The primary five are: - • Love • Peace • Truth • Non-violence • Right Conduct

4. 4. Goals • Enhance Community Awareness • Increase the visibility of program • Broaden community support •
Engage new partners/ stakeholders • Improve knowledge and attitudes and behaviors • Develop responsible
citizenship 5. Principles Followed

5. 5 Display respect for Individuals and value their worth and dignity.  Display respect for culture and beliefs of
the reach out groups/persons.  Do not impose- accord persons the right to self-determination based on
informed choice.  Do not create dependency in the populations served but promote self-reliance in the
community served.  Maintain confidentiality of clients helped/supported.  Do not criticize the populations
you work with but be supportive and empowering.  Display non-judgmental attitude. 6. How to build rapport 
Building rapport/trust within the community is a critical prerequisite to conducting community outreach. 
Building rapport is helpful and contributes to the overall safety of the outreach worker during the field visits. 
This is a time consuming task and an on-going process.  The basic strategies should be applied in order to
build trust and deliver services are displayed in the process chart. 7. Understanding Community Barriers •
Stigmas, myths and misconceptions • Behaviours and Perception • Politics • Lack of support • Lack of trust •
Lack of funds 8. Do's &. Don'ts The following table describes the basic points to follow or avoid doing while
performing any activity at work site. Do's Don'ts Do be flexible in scheduling. Do not wear expensive clothes,
jewelry or uncomfortable shoes Do carry identification at all times Do not carry valuables or large amounts of
money, or take your wallet out. Do accept offers of help from community residents Do not make promises in the
community that you cannot deliver

6. What is child abuse? Child abuse is when someone, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury,
death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. Child abuse and neglect occurs in a range of
situations, for a range of reasons. Children are rarely subject to one form of abuse at a time. Adults can
experience a range of psychological, emotional and social problems related to childhood abuse. Types of child
abuse:  Emotional abuse  Neglect  Physical abuse  Family violence  Sexual abuse  Organized sexual
Emotional abuse

7. 7. Emotional abuse refers to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse; it is the most common form of
child abuse. Many parents are emotionally abusive without being violent or sexually abusive, However,
emotional abuse invariably accompanies physical and sexual abuse. Some parents who are emotionally abusive
 parents practice forms of child-rearing that are orientated towards fulfilling their own needs and goals, rather
than those of their children. Their parenting style may be characterised by overt aggression towards their
children, including shouting and intimidation, or they may manipulate their children using more subtle means,
such as emotional blackmail. Emotional abuse does not only occur in the home. Children can be emotionally
abused by teachers and other adults in a position of power over the child. Children can also be emotionally
abused by other children in the form of "bullying". Chronic emotional abuse in schools is a serious cause of
harm to victimised children and warrants ongoing active intervention.  How many children are emotionally
abused or neglected? Survey found that a quarter of the sample of undergraduate students reported some form
of emotional abuse by their parents. Another quarter reported other forms of emotional abuse outside the
home, such as bullying.  Who is most likely to be emotionally abused? Boys and girls are equally likely to be
victims of emotional abuse by their parents, and emotional maltreatment has been reported to peak in the 6- to
8- year old range and to remain at a similar level throughout adolescence.  What are the characteristics of
emotionally abusive parents? Research findings suggest that emotionally abusive parents have negative
attitudes towards children, perceive parents as unrewarding and difficult to enjoy, and that they associate their
own

8. 8. negative feelings with the child's difficult behaviour, particularly when the child reacts against their poor
parenting methods.  Emotional abuse has increasingly been linked to parental mental health problems,
domestic violence, drug and alcohol misuse, being abused or having been in care as children. Signs in childhood
From infancy to adulthood, emotionally abused people are often more withdrawn and emotionally disengaged
than their peers, and find it difficult to predict other people's behavior, understand why they behave in the
manner that they do, and respond appropriately. Emotionally abused children exhibit a range of specific signs.
They often:  feel unhappy, frightened and distressed  behave aggressively and anti-socially, or they may act
too mature for their age  experience difficulties with academic achievement and school attendance  find it
difficult to make friends  show signs of physical neglect and malnourishment  Experience incontinence and
mysterious pains. Signs in adulthood Adults emotionally abused as children are more likely to experience
mental health problems and difficulties in personal relationships. Many of the harms of physical and sexual
abuse are related to the emotional abuse that accompanies them, and as a result many emotionally abused
adults exhibit a range of complex psychological and psychosocial problems associated with multiple forms of
trauma in childhood. Significant early relationships in childhood shape our response to new social situations in
adulthood. Adults with emotionally abusive parents are at a disadvantage as they try to form personal,
professional and romantic relationships, since they may easily misinterpret other people's behaviors and social
cues, or misapply the rules that governed their abusive relationship with their parent to everyday social
situations.

9. 9. Complaints of neglect constitute a significant proportion of notifications and referrals to child protection
services, however, there is no single definition of child neglect. It is generally understood that "neglect" refers to
a range of circumstances in which a parent or caregiver fails to adequately provide for a child's needs:
10.  through the provision of food, shelter and clothing  by ensuring their access to medical care when necessary
11.  by providing them with care, love and support  by exercising adequate supervision and control of the child
12.  by showing appropriate moral and legal guidance  by ensuring that the child regularly attends school One of
the contentious aspects of "neglect", as a category of child abuse, is that it is closely related to socioeconomic
status. Many parents lack the money and support to meet the standards outlined above. Parents in financial
need are also more likely to be in contact with welfare services, which in turn are more likely to scrutinise their
parenting practices, and therefore more likely to make a report of abuse or neglect. As a result of these factors,
poor communities and poor families have often been stigmatised as epicentres of child abuse and neglect. In
fact, when adults in the community are asked to make retrospective reports, emotional abuse and neglect
occurs in all families, rich or poor. Physical abuse Physical abuse has been a normal aspect of domestic life in
Australia for a long time. Physical assaults that would be serious criminal offenses if committed by one man
 against another - for instance, hitting, slapping, or striking with an object - have been legally and socially
sanctioned when committed by a man against his wife and child, or by parents against their children. Today,
incidents of domestic violence committed against both women and children remain at epidemic proportions,
although there is increasing recognition within the Australian community of the prevalence and harms of
violence against women

13. 10. children. Whilst community attitudes to violence against women and children have changed for the better,
Australian policy-makers have failed to outlaw physical assaults against children by caregivers. According to
the 2007 report of the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Australia is one of a
number of countries that has failed to prohibit violence against children, and has failed to commit to legislative
reform. In particular, the legal defences of "reasonable correction" and "reasonable chastisement" are still
available to adults who are charged with violent offenses against children in many jurisdictions.  How many
children are physically abused? A large sample of American families found that 2.4% of children had been
kicked, bitten, punched, beaten up, burned, scalded, or threatened or attacked with a knife or a gun by their
parents. An additional 8.5% had been hit with an object by their parents.  What are the characteristics of
parents who physically abuse children? Characteristics of physical child abusers include emotional impairment,
substance abuse, lack of social support, presence of domestic violence and a history of childhood abuse.  What
are the characteristics of physically abused children? Boys and girls are equally likely to be physically assaulted
by their parents, and whilst research suggests that physical abuse peaks when children are aged 4- to 8-years
old, physical assault resulting in death occurs most often to infants and toddlers. Signs in childhood Physically
abused children find it difficult relating to their peers and the adults around them. The constant threat of
violence at home makes them perpetually vigilant and mistrustful, and they may be overly domineering and
aggressive in their attempts to predict and control other people's behaviour. They are also vulnerable to
"emotional storms", or instances of overwhelming emotional responses to everyday situations . These "storms"
can take the form of profound grief, fear, or rage.

14. 11. Physically abused children may also have problems with:  academic achievement  physical development
and coordination  developing friendships and relationships  aggression and anger management  depression,
anxiety and low self-esteem. Signs in adulthood Adults physically abused in childhood are at increased risk of
either aggressive and violent behaviour, or shy and avoidant behaviour leading to rejection or re-victimisation.
This polarised behaviour is often driven by hyper-vigilance and the anticipation of threat and violence even in
everyday situations. Men with a history of physical abuse in childhood are particularly prone to violent
behaviour, and physically abused men are over-represented amongst violent and sexual offenders. Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse describes any incident in an adult engages a minor in a sexual act, or exposes the minor to
inappropriate sexual behavior or material. Sexual abuse also describes any incident in which a child is coerced
into sexual activity by another child. A person may sexually abuse a child using threats and physical force, but
sexual abuse often involves subtle forms of manipulation, in which the child is coerced into believing that the
activity is an expression of

15. 12. love, or that the child bought the abuse upon themself. Sexual abuse involves contact and non- contact
offences.  How many children are sexually abused? Approximately one third of women surveyed have reported
sexual abuse in childhood.  Who is most likely to be sexually abused? Whilst all children are vulnerable to
sexual abuse, girls are more likely to be sexually abused than boys. Disabled children are up to seven times
more likely to be abused than their non-disabled peers.  How often is sexual abuse reported to the authorities?
In one study of women, only 10% of child sexual abuse experiences were ever reported to the police, a doctor, or
a health agency.  Who sexually abuses children? Across all community-based studies, most abusers are male
and related to the child. Most adults who sexually abuse children are not mentally ill and do not meet the
diagnostic criteria for "paedophilia". Signs in childhood Sexually abused children exhibit a range of behaviours,
including:  Withdrawn, unhappy and suicidal behaviour  Self-harm and suicidality
16. 13.  Aggressive and violent behaviour  Bedwetting, sleep problems, nightmares  Eating problems e.g.
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa  Mood swings  Detachment  Pains for no medical reason  Sexual
behaviour, language, or knowledge too advanced for their age Signs in adulthood Adults sexually abused as
children have poorer mental health than other adults. They are more likely to have a history of eating
disorders, depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts. Sexual abuse is also associated with financial
problems in adulthood, and a decreased likelihood to graduate from high school or undertake further
education Organized sexual abuse Organized sexual abuse refers to the range of circumstances in which
multiple children are subject to sexual abuse by multiple perpetrators. In these circumstances, children are
subject to a range of serious harms that can include child prostitution, the manufacture of child pornography,
and bizarre and sadistic sexual practices, including ritualistic abuse and torture.  What are the circumstances
in which children are subject to organised sexual abuse? Many children subject to organised abuse are raised in
abusive families, and their parents make them available for abuse outside the home. This abuse may include
extended family members, family "friends", or people who pay to abuse the child. Other children are trafficked
into organised abuse by perpetrators in schools, churches, state or religious institutions, or whilst homeless or
without stable housing.  Who is most likely to be sexually abused in organised contexts? Children who are
vulnerable to organised abuse include the children of parents involved in organised abuse, and children from
unstable or unhappy family backgrounds who may be targeted by abusers outside the family.

17. 14.  Who sexually abuses children in organised contexts? Organised abuse, like all forms of child abuse, is
primarily committed by parents and relatives. Organised abuse differs from other forms of sexual abuse in that
women are often reported as perpetrators. Research with female sexual abusers has found that they have often
grown up in environments, such as organised abuse, where sexual abuse is normative, and, as adults, they may
sexually abuse in organised contexts alongside male offenders. Signs in childhood Young children subject to
organised sexual abuse often have severe traumatic and dissociative symptoms that inhibit disclosure or help-
seeking behaviour. They are often very withdrawn children with strong suicidal ideation. They may exhibit
disturbed behaviours while at play or when socialising with their peers or other adults. Signs in adulthood
Organised abuse, and ritual abuse, is a key predisposing factor the development of Dissociative Identity
Disorder and other dissociative spectrum disorders. Adults with histories of organised abuse frequently have
long histories of suicide attempts and self-harm, and they often live with a heavy burden of mental and physical
illnesses. Planning and preparationofworkshop The objective of the workshop is to aware children about the
child abuses and makes them understand about the good touch and bad touch. It is important to talk to child
about it.  We help the children to understand that there are good types of touching and bad types of touching.
 Empower them by teaching them to know the purpose and meaning of affection and it’s opposite, bad
touching which makes them feel uncomfortable.

18. 15. Teach them skills for how to say no, how to protect themselves and how to report something that is
inappropriate. What is Good Touch/Bad Touch? There are many positive ways you can show affection: hugs,
kisses, backrubs, holding hands, etc. we have discussed the appropriate ways, family shows physical affection.
Make it clear to children that they should not allow people to touch them where their underwear covers.
Children may think that they will be punished if they tell an adult about a “bad” experience that happened to
them simply because they were there during the experience. • We help the children to understand that he or she
will not be in trouble if someone does touch them where their underwear covers or in a way that makes them
feel uncomfortable or confused. • Their parents will believe them if they go to them with the information. •
Teaches them to come to parents if anyone touches them where underwear covers or in a way that makes them
feel uncomfortable or confused. • It may be helpful to practice ways that a child could approach a parent or
trusted adult with information about “bad touching.” .
19. 16. Asked Questions to childrens • What kind of touch do you like best? Hugs? Kisses? High fives? Knuckles? •
Can you think of ways that other people or even animals express affection to each other? • What should you do
if someone touches you in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable? • What kind of hug is ok? • Can bad touch
happen when you have clothes on? Schedule of activity Description of activity Week1 Introductory class of
community outreach: Our programme coordinator tell us about importance and objective of this subject Week2
Choose our topic –child abuse, make group and discuss our plan with our programme leader. We had decided
to organize a workshop in a school and aware them about the topic through poster, speech, videos and
PowerPoint presentation. Week3 Visit vishwa international school , discuss our plan with vice principle and ask
for the permission Week4 Started preparing presentations and posters. Week5 showed the final poster,
presentations and videos to the principal of school and our progrme leader Week6 Present posters to our
programme leader on topic “sanitation- swach bharat abhiyan” and “child abuse”

20. 17. Day1:workshop (10 –oct-2016) On my first day of workshop, I interacted with the students from class first
to fifth in school auditorium to know about their view on good touch and bad touch. I also gave lesson on good
touch and bad touch through presentation. Showed them video to make their doubt more clear.

21. Students were very active and gave there hundred per cent to understand Counselling was done to know their
experience and views about workshop, for their betterment of the future discussion of the problems they might
face, and why it is necessary to be focused and careful in life and always be surrounded with people with
positive attitude and intensions. They started thinking seriously about their life and safety.

22. Week7 Study and Evaluate the result of the workshop.

23. Week8 Prepare photo folio and final report

24. 18. Evaluationandresult Our two day workshop comes to an end with very good result after calculating result
of questionnaire and feedback from teachers and students, we come to a conclusion that these kind of
workshop are very effective for children to make them understand. There was great difference in the
knowledge of student before and after the workshop. PRE- AND POST-ASSESSMENTS OF CHILDREN With
permission, 100 children who attend our workshop were assessed. A copy of the assessment is included at the
end of this document. Evaluation forms were collected from over 100 of participants – 50 pre-tests and 50 post-
tests, Correct responses on pre- and post-tests are outlined below. Identify weather it is a good or bad touch
Pre- knowledge Post knowledge When a person forces you to touch him or her 80% 99.98% When Mommy
gives you a hug and kiss after you wake up. 96% 100% When person asks you not to tell anyone. 60% 98%
When someone touches you on your body where you don't want to be touched. 72% 100% When person
touches you under your clothing or tickles you under the clothing. 80% 99.70% When Daddy gives you a good-
night hug and kiss. 90% 100% A boy is punished in a way that requires stitches 80% 100% When a person
threatens to hurt you if you tell. 70% 98%

25. 19. When Grandma and Grandpa come to visit and everyone gets hugs and kisses. 99% 100% A girl is slapped
for screaming at her mother; the slap stings, but leaves no lasting mark or pain. 70% 97% According to
workshop evaluations:  99% of students and teachers agreed or strongly agreed that the workshop improved
their knowledge about the child sexual abuse Self-Assessment results:  58% said that before the training, their
level of knowledge about the topic was average or excellent.  After the training, 97% rated their knowledge as
above average or excellent. Ques 1 Ques 2 Ques 3 Ques 4 Ques 5 Ques 6 Ques 7 Ques 8 Ques 9 Ques 10 Pre-
knowledge 80% 96% 60% 72% 80% 90% 80% 70% 99% 70% Post knowledge99.98%100% 98%
 100%99.70%100% 100% 98% 100% 97% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% workshopresult Pre-
knowledge Post knowledge

26. 20. Conclusion Conclusion Community Service has no full stop. This outreach coursework has successfully
ensured that as future professionals we should be obliged to help others not only in terms of money but through
physical and mental support. Today the students of Vishwa international school are more aware about the
issue of child abuse and the fact that we have started to feel as if these students belong to us. As a family takes
care of its members, similarly I and my friends have vowed to help anyone who is genuinely in need. If you show
care and respect, you will be rewarded with a sweet smile.

27. 21. “Hope we have come one step closes to put end to child sexual abuse through

Conclusion: Child abuse and neglect have a long-lasting impact on the child, their family
and the following generations. In order to protect children from this situation, it is
necessary to develop preventive programs and to develope and inforce legal ramifications.

CONCLUSION The outreach work was a different experience for me altogether. I

have gone to a lot of places, met a lot of different people but firstly never felt so
happy being around a bunch of people who are not even from the same social
class and are so different. Being around these people was like a safe haven for me.
I went to teach them a lot of Things that how world is full of happiness but they in
return taught me a lot of things like being selfless is huge achievement in one’s life,
being with them for sometime make myself happy and themselves too. And this
taught me the fact that “one person needs another person in their good and bad
time.” The love and respect these people have is enormous. Everything that I gave
them was kept by them so safely. I thought this community work to be the same
compulsory boring social work that I had to do in school. But this was altogether
different. These people looked up to me to share their grievances and happiness.
This love and respect made me care for these people a lot. I literally thinking that
doing for them is not enough . one should give atmost some time to them so that
they don’t feel alone in this world. I would occasionally get them food and sweets.
Few of these didn’t have proper clothes to wear. I even gave few of them clothes. I
became more responsible for them and feel encouraged in helping them in giving
medicines and in other stuffs. These people managed to make a special place in
my heart and our relationship will not surely not end with the end of my service
hours.
I will continue visiting them and spend some time .