Scribd
Upload
304 views

TOPIC 6 Stages in Plant Disease Development

The document describes the stages in plant disease development and the infection process. It discusses 5 key stages in the development of disease: 1) inoculation, 2) pre-penetration, 3) penetration, 4) invasion, and 5) colonization. For fungi specifically, it outlines 10 stages in the infection process: 1) inoculation, 2) attachment, 3) spore germination, 4) growth of germ tube, 5) appressorium formation, 6) penetration of host cells, 7) colonization, 8) disease symptom appearance, 9) dissemination of inoculum, and 10) pathogen death.

Uploaded by

Sleeping Beauty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
304 views

TOPIC 6 Stages in Plant Disease Development

The document describes the stages in plant disease development and the infection process. It discusses 5 key stages in the development of disease: 1) inoculation, 2) pre-penetration, 3) penetration, 4) invasion, and 5) colonization. For fungi specifically, it outlines 10 stages in the infection process: 1) inoculation, 2) attachment, 3) spore germination, 4) growth of germ tube, 5) appressorium formation, 6) penetration of host cells, 7) colonization, 8) disease symptom appearance, 9) dissemination of inoculum, and 10) pathogen death.

Uploaded by

Sleeping Beauty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Stages in Plant Disease

Development
Parasitism and Pathogenicity
n  Parasitism
n  Any association where by only one

party get benefit and other harmed.


Pathogenicity
n  The ability of the parasite to interfere
with one or more of the essential
functions of the host, causing disease.
n  The ability of a parasite to cause
damage on the host.
Development of Disease in Plants

n  The amount of disease developed depends on 3


factors
n  Pathogen (virulence; the quantitative measure of

pathogenicity, abundance, etc.)


n  Host (susceptibility)

n  Environment (conducive)
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process

1.  Inoculation
2.  Pre-penetration
3.  Penetration
4.  Invasion
5.  Colonization
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process (cont’)
1.  Inoculation
n  Initial contact of a pathogen with a site of
plant where infection is possible.
n  Inoculum
n  Any part of the pathogen that can initiate
infection
n  Fungi: spores, sclerotia or hyphae
n  Bacteria, mollicutes, protozoa, viruses or
viroids: whole individual
n  Nematodes: adults, juveniles or eggs
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process (cont’)
n  Types of inoculum
1.  Primary inoculum causes primary infections
2.  Secondary inoculum causes secondary
infections
n  Sources of inoculum
§  Branches, trunks, roots of plants
§  Plant debris, soil in the field
§  Seeds, transplants, tubers, other propagative
organs
§  Sources outside the field (nearby plants or
fields)
§  Perennial weeds, alternate hosts
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)

2.  Pre-penetration
n  Spore attachment & germination
n  Hatching of nematode eggs
n  Recognition between host & pathogen
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)
3.  Penetration
i.  Direct penetration through intact plant surfaces
§  Fungi & nematodes
ii.  Penetration through wounds
§  Fungi, bacteria, mollicutes, viruses & viroids
iii.  Penetration through natural openings
§  E.g.: stoma, hydathode (open pores at margins
& tips of leaves), nectarthode & lenticels
(openings on fruits, stems & tubers – less
efficient)
§  Fungi & bacteria
Germination and Differentiation of Magnaporthe oryzae

Spore of M. oryzae
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)
4.  Invasion
n  Fungi:
n  Produce intra- & intercellular mycelium or
haustoria
n  Some invade xylem vessels (vascular wilt
diseases)
n  Bacteria:
n  Invade inter- & intracellular host tissues
n  E.g., xylem vessels
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)

4.  Invasion (cont’)


n  Nematodes:
n  Most do not invade host cells but feed by
piercing epidermal cells with their stylets
n  Some invade inter- or intracellular tissues
n  Viruses, viroids, mollicutes, fastidious
bacteria & protozoa invade host tissues
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)

5.  Colonization
n  Growth and reproduction of the
pathogen in or on infected tissues
n  Successful colonization results in the
appearance of symptoms
Stages in the Development of
Disease: Infection Process
(cont’)
5.  Colonization (cont’)
n  Symptoms:
n  All visible & detectable changes in the
infected plants
n  Fast: 2-4 days after inoculation, e.g., localized
viral diseases
n  Slow: 2-3 years after inoculation (latent
infection), e.g., diseases caused by viruses &
mollicutes
Infection Process in Fungi
No Stage Phase
1 Inoculation
2 Attachment
3 Spore germination Pre-penetration
4 Growth of germ tube
5 Appressorium formation
6 Penetration of host cells Penetration
7 Colonization
8 Disease symptom appearance Post-penetration
9 Dissemination of inoculum
10 Pathogen death
Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)
n  Attachment
n  Spore adherence to plant surface
n  Requires mucilage (sticky) substances
n  Spore germination
n  Requires stimulation, e.g., contact with
host surface, hydration, host-derived
molecules
n  Germ tube formation & extension
Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)

n  Appressorium formation
n  Contains lipids, polysaccharides & proteins
n  Some contain melanin (dark brown

pigment)
n  High turgor pressure (40 times > a car tire)

due to accumulation of glycerol


n  Function: to puncture plant cuticle using

penetration peg (physical force)


Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)
Stages 1-7

A=Appressorium, PP=Penetration Peg, IM=Intracellular Mycelium

Source: Agrios (2005)


Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)

A germinating conidium with a


germ tube covered with
extracellular material.

U=Uredospore, GT=Germ
tube, A=Dome-like
appressorium

Source: Agrios (2005)


Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)

Colonization structures
n  Intracellular mycelium (IM)
n  Intercellular mycelium (ITE)
n  Haustoria

ITE

Haustoria

Source: Agrios (2005), Webster (1988)


Infection Process in Fungi (cont’)
n  Stages 1-8: Incubation period
(Inoculation to disease symptom
appearance)
n  Stages 1-9: Generation period
(Inoculation to dissemination of inoculum)
n  Stages 9-10: Infection period
(Dissemination of inoculum to pathogen
death)
Thank You

You might also like