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Modals and Passive Voice

This document defines and provides examples of different types of modal verbs in English: 1. Modal present - Used to express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, etc. and are followed by the base form of the verb. Examples include will, can, may, must, shall, should. 2. Modal past - Used to talk about past ability, permission, possibility, necessity, etc. Examples include would, could, might, should, must/had to. 3. Modal perfect - Used to talk about unfulfilled possibilities or necessities in the past. Examples include must have, might have, should have, could have followed by the past participle form of the verb

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190 views6 pages

Modals and Passive Voice

This document defines and provides examples of different types of modal verbs in English: 1. Modal present - Used to express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, etc. and are followed by the base form of the verb. Examples include will, can, may, must, shall, should. 2. Modal past - Used to talk about past ability, permission, possibility, necessity, etc. Examples include would, could, might, should, must/had to. 3. Modal perfect - Used to talk about unfulfilled possibilities or necessities in the past. Examples include must have, might have, should have, could have followed by the past participle form of the verb

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A.

DEFINITION OF MODALS

In English, we know a type of auxiliary verb called modal. Modals are generally used to express the
speaker's attitude towards something: is it needed, suggested, allowed, might happen, and so on.
Basically, all modals are always followed by the first form of the verb (V1).

B. TYPE OF MODALS
1. MODAL PRESENT

S + Modal + Verb-1

(Capital: Will, Shall, Can, May, Must, Should)

a. Will (akan)

Used to express:

– means “will” in the future simple tense, and is the same as to be going to ( artinya “akan” dalam
bentuk future simple tense, dan sama dengan to be going to )

Example: I will go to Bandung tomorrow

– Politely request or offer

Example: Will you carry that bag for me?

b. Shall (akan)

Used to express:

– means “will” in future tense

Example: I shall go to Jakarta tomorrow

– Offering help

Example: Shall i turn on the light?

– Making a promise

Example: I shall meet her tomorrow

c. Must (harus, musti)

Auxiliary verbs which mean must or must, are used to express:

– must/should

Example: You must go now

– In negative sentences and make answers from interrogative sentences, always use need not or
needn't instead of must not or mustn't
Example: Must I go now? Yes you must / yes you need

-Must not (musn't) indicates prohibition or not allowed

Example: You must not smoke in the class

– Must = have to (she/he has to)

Example: You must read this book = You have to read this book

– Must has no past tense. The past tense which has the same meaning is “had to”, and the form is
the same for all objects

Example: I had to meet my sister yesterday

d. May (mungkin, boleh)

Auxiliary verb which means “may/may”, is used to express:

- Permit application

Example: May I borrow your motorcycle? Yes, you may

– Request or wish

Example: May you both full of happiness

e. Should/ought (seharusnya)

Used for:

– Auxiliary verb which means should or should

Example: She ought to be here now

– Declare tasks/works that are not completed/fulfilled or neglected

Example: The work ought to have been finished last week

f. can (dapat)

Used to express:

- A person's ability or skill

Example: I can sing

- Asking for permission

Example: Can I borrow your book? (May I borrow your book?)

-Stating the possibility

Example: He can be ill


2. MODAL PAST
S + Past Modal + Verb-1

Modal Past: Would, Should, Must/Had to, Might, Could)

a. Would

Used to express:

- Past form of will which means "will"

Example: He would be punished before he escaped

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-A request/request politely

Example: Would you please help me?

-When combined with the word "like" it shows a desire or desire

Example: i would like to eat

- Combined with the word "rather" shows the meaning of prefer (prefer)

Example: I would rather be a doctor than a president

b. Should

Used to express:

– Past form of shall

Example: When he came to my house I should go

- Suggestion, meaning "should"

Example: You are ill, you should go to the doctor soon

– Must

Example: He should study hard


– In the past form it means to show an activity that should be done but in fact it is not done, or it can
also mean regret in the past

Example: You should have studied hard before taking an exam. This means that the subject does not
study hard but still takes the exam.

c. Must/Had to

– Past form of Must.

- Must (cannot not be done).

Example: You must/had to study in Biology class yesterday. (You should have studied harder
yesterday in biology class)

d. Might

- Expressing news sentences in the form of Past Tense.

Example: The newspaper said it might rain tomorrow. (News in the newspaper stated the possibility
of rain tomorrow)

– Expressing a more polite expression.

Example: Joni might do the exam well. (Joni will do well on the exam)

– Expresses a high probability.

Example: Ariel was absent yesterday. He might be sick. (Ariel didn't come in yesterday. He might be
sick)

e. Could

is the past tense of can and the form is the same for all subjects. However, in its use it does not
always mean past tense or past. Could can be used to express:

– Past form of can

Example: Mary could sing a song when she was young

– Request politely

Example: Could you help me now? (Can you help me now?)

-Possibility

Example: She could be at home now, but she usually plays volleyball
3. MODAL PERFECT
S + Modal Perfect+ Have + Verb-3

(Modal perfect: Must, Might, Should, Could)

a. Must have + V3

Past conclusions.

Example: Anto passed the exam. He must have studied. (Anto did well in his exams. He must be
studying)

b. Might have + V3

Possibly past.

Example: Anto was absent. He might have been sick. (Anto didn't come in. He might be sick)

c. Should have + V3

Requirements that have not been done in the past.

Example: Anto didn't pass. He should have studied. (Anto didn't pass. He should have studied)

Facts contradict: he didn't study.

d. Could have + V3

An ability that was not used in the past.

Example:

Anto could have done the homework himself. (Anto should be able to finish his homework by
himself)

Facts contradict: He didn't do the homework himself.


EXAMPLE MODALS SENTENCES
1. I can run fast. 
2. You can use my motorcycle 
3. Can I borrow your notebook? 
4. When I was a child, I could run fast 
5. Could you help me? 

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