NAME

DATE PERIOD

Two-Variable Statistics: Unit Assessment

1. Which of these graphs represents the residuals for a scatter plot that is fit well by a
linear model?
a. b.

c. d.

Explain your reasoning behind your choice.


2. A linear model for prices of office chairs is represented by the following
function: 𝑦 = 345𝑥 + 286.5
correlation coefficient: 𝑟 = 0.951
x represents the number of chairs, and y represents the price in dollars.

Explain the meaning of the slope of the line in this situation.



Describe the correlation between the variables as either strong or weak and as either
positive or negative. Explain your reasoning.

1

NAME DATE PERIOD

3. Twenty-one young men got a quote for the cost of a car insurance policy. The policy
cost and ages of the men are shown in the scatter plot. Select all the statements that
are true based on the scatter plot. The line of best fit is represented by this equation:
𝑦 = −315.67𝑥 + 8986.5

a. Every 18-year-old in this group has a lower cost of car insurance than the 20-
year-olds.

b. Car insurance policy cost tends to decrease as age of the driver increases.

c. The value of the correlation coefficient is close to -1, so there is strong
association between age and car insurance policy cost.

d. The line of best fit indicates that, in general, the cost of a car insurance policy
for a 21-year-old should be, on average, about $315.67 less than the cost of a
car insurance policy for a 20-year-old.

e. The 𝑦-intercept from the line of best fit indicates that, if the linear trend holds, a
car insurance policy would be $8986.5 for a person who is about 0 years old.
(If you chose this option, explain if it is realistic or not.)

2

NAME DATE PERIOD

4. A radio station did a survey to determine what kind of music to play by taking a
sample of middle school, high school, and college students, out of 150 students
surveyed. They were asked which three different types of music they prefer on the
radio: hip-hop, alternative, classic rock. Fill in the missing results with the data given.

Hip-Hop Alternative Classic Rock Total

Middle 18 4
School

High School 22 22 6

College 16 14 50

Total 66 60 150

Create a relative frequency table and find the percentage out all the people surveyed.
Round to one decimal.

Hip-Hop Alternative Classic Rock Total

Middle
School

High School 33.4%

College

Total 100%

5. A company that makes scarves has many different styles and colors that people can
order. The company keeps track of the number of each style, color combination they
make, and the average sale price for the scarves having that combination.
They create a scatter plot using the data with the number of scarves along the 𝑥-axis
and the average price per scarf, in dollars, along the 𝑦-axis.
The data in the graph suggest a linear association. Which of the functions best
represents the equation of the line of best fit?
a. 𝑦 = -225𝑥 + 1, 124

b. 𝑦 = 0.004𝑥 + 5
c. 𝑦 = -𝑥 + 5
d. 𝑦 = 0.01𝑥 + 5

3

NAME DATE PERIOD

6. Kiran collects data about the number of trees on school property and the average
standardized test scores for those schools.
Kiran says, "The scatter plot between the number of trees on a school property and
student standardized tests scores shows a strong and positive correlation. An increase
in the number of trees on school property causes the students to score better on
standardized tests."
a. What does it mean for the relationship between the variables when the
correlation is strong in this situation?

b. What does it mean for the relationship between the variables when the
correlation is positive in this situation?



c. What is wrong with the last sentence of Kiran's statement? Explain your
reasoning.

7. The purchasing habits of 1,000 grocery shoppers are noted. No association is found
between the variables. Fill in the empty portion of the table with values that would
support this claim. Explain your reasoning.

bought milk no milk bought

bought eggs 422 228
no eggs bought

4

NAME DATE PERIOD

8. One part of Clare’s job at an environmental awareness organization is to answer the
phone to collect donations. The table shows the number of hours she worked each
week, 𝑥, and the amount of donations in dollars, 𝑦, that the organization collected each
week for 10 weeks.

hours worked
(𝑥) donations in $ (𝑦) residual
6 115
8 128
10 160
10 162
12 180
12 195
15 220
15 231
20 280
25 339

The data in the scatter plot suggest a linear association. A line to model the data is
given by 𝑦 = 12𝑥 + 40.9. Use the linear model to complete the residual models. Round
to one decimal.
a. Using the residuals, is the line given a reasonably good fit? Explain your
reasoning.



b. Explain the meaning of the slope of the line in this situation.



c. Describe the correlation between the variables as either strong or weak and as
either positive or negative. Explain your reasoning.


d. Clare’s boss sees the graph and tells her, “We certainly tend to bring in a lot
more money when you’re working here! This graph proves you’re the cause of
this increase in donations!” Do you agree with Clare’s boss and why?

5

NAME DATE PERIOD

9. A news headline claims that “Essential Oils Cause Hormone Levels to Drop.” They
show a scatter plot displaying a weak negative relationship (r = -0.13) between
essential oil use and hormone levels.
a. What is wrong with this claim?


b. What is a better headline for this information?



10. Data in the table shows the relationship between average number of social network
notifications a student receives during one class, x, and average test scores, y.

average number of social network average test

notifications, x score, y
4 100
8 91
12 73
12 89
12 92
13 83
16 86
17 87
22 77
25 67
26 84
29 75
34 98
43 65
51 57
a. What conclusions, if any, can you draw from the information provided? Explain your
reasoning.


b. What conclusions can you not draw from the information provided? Explain your
reasoning.