June,2014.

INTERN
SHIP JAVED SARFRAZ & CO (CHARTERED
REPOR ACCOUNTANTS)
T

Semester 6th
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 2

Acknowledgement

First and Foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty ALLAH . Then, I would like to thank my
supervisor, Mr. Ansir Mahmood, for his assistance, ideas, and feedbacks during the process
in doing this dissertation. Without his guidance and support, this dissertation cannot be
completed on time.
Secondly, it is a pleasure to express my thanks to all respondents from interviews and case study
for sparing their time to participate in this study. I deeply appreciate their helpfulness and
willingness in providing the useful information for this study.

Lastly, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my family for their encouragement and moral
support.
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 3

Table of Contents

Details Page #
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………… 02
Executive summary …………………………………………………...…… 04
Introduction ………………..………………………………..……………… 05
Profile ………………………………………………………………… 06
Overview of organization …………………………………………...…… 07
Vision statement ………………………………………………………… 08
Mission statement …………………………………………..………..…… 08
Nature of organization ………………………………………………… 09
Product line/services ………………………………………………………… 10
PEST analysis ……………………………………………………… 12
Hierarchy chart …………………………………………..…………… 13
Clients name ……………………………………………………………… 14
Introduction to departments ………………………………………………… 15
Auditing ……………………………………………………………… 15
Taxation …………..……………………………………..…………… 20
Income Tax ……………………………………………………………… 20
Sales Tax ……………………………………………………………… 23
Consultancy services ……………………………………………………… 24
Corporate services ……………………………………………………… 24
SWOT analysis ……………………………………………………… 26
Recommendations ……………………………………………………… 28
Conslusion ……………………………………………………………… 29
Refrences ……………………………………………………………… 30
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 4

Executive Summary of Internship

My six weeks Internship Program work term was with the Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered
Accountants), Gujranwala. I was involved in the area of accounts during my work term, all of
which will be outlined in this report. As the main purpose of internship is to learn by working in
practical environment and to apply the knowledge acquired during the studies in a real world
scenario in order to tackle the problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the
academic process.

There are two major projects that I had a significant role in during my internship program.

The first project was at Abdul Islam and company and at the Reckitt Benckiser Pakistan. My task
was to study the sale invoices of those companies and record it to on computer through data
entry software. My task was to

 Enter sale invoices

 Match the results with companies record
 Audit process
 Maintenances of accounts / book keeping

The second project was to fill income tax returns and sale tax returns. In this project we worked
on some issues regarding Audit trails in such an environment and some solutions were proposed.

Although I spent a lot of time learning new things, I found that I was well trained in certain areas
that helped me substantially in my projects.

This report concludes with my overall impressions of my work experience as well as my opinion
of the Internship Program.
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 5

Introduction to Chartered Accountancy in Pakistan

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) is a professional accountancy body in

Pakistan. As of 15 April, 2013 it had 5,943 members working in and outside Pakistan. The
institute was established on July 1, 1961 to regulate the profession of accountancy in Pakistan. It
is a statutory autonomous body established under the Chartered Accountants Ordinance 1961.
With the significant growth in the profession, the CA Ordinance and Bye-Laws were revised in
1983.

In view of globalization of the accountancy profession, the Institute is in the process of updating
the Ordinance and Bye-Laws once again.

The course of ICAP involves a blend of theoretical education and practical training which run
concurrently for a period of 3.5 years and equips a student with knowledge, ability, skills and
other qualities required of a professional accountant.

The head office of the institute is in Clifton, Karachi where it has its own premises. The institute
also has regional offices at Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Multan and Faisalabad.

Last five year membership of chartered accountancy in Pakistan is as follows

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Members 3,864 4,110 4,243 4,709 5,078
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 6

Brief profile of Javed Sarfraz & Co (Chartered Accountants)

Name Accountant Javed Sarfraz & Co (Chartered Accountants)

Year of establish 1982

Owner Javed Sarfraz

Manager Ansir Mehmood

Address 7-B First Floor, Trust Plaza G.T. Road, Gujranwala.

Telephone 055-3259850

Mobile 0322-6002786

Email [email protected]

Area of Services Auditing

Taxation

Management consultancy

Professional consultancy

Corporate services

Financial Analysis
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 7

Overview of the Organization

Javed Sarfraz & Co (Chartered Accountants) is firm of Chartered Accountants registered with
Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan in 1982 by Javed Sarfraz (FCA), the member of
Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan. The head office of Javed Sarfraz & Co (Chartered
Accountants) is 7-B First Floor, Trust Plaza G.T. Road, Gujranwala.

The principal of this Chartered Accountant firm is Javed Sarfraz (FCA). At present time Javed
Sarfraz & Co (Chartered Accountants) constitutes 12 staff members. Mr. Ansir Mahmood is
manager.

The firm is dealing with Auditing, Taxation, management consultancy, professional consultancy,
corporate services. It is one of the leading Chartered Accountancy in Pakistan. Javed Sarfraz &
Co (Chartered Accountants) provides clients with valuable information to help them make the
right decision at right time with tools such as cash flow, benchmarking, forecasting and much
more.

Javed Sarfraz & Co (Chartered Accountants) faces the competition from

1. Asjad & Waqas

Chartered Accountants
E-4, 1st Floor, Trust PlazaG.T. Road, Gujranwala
Off. 3254674, Fax.3255038
Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

2. M.A. Chaudhri & Co.

Chartered Accountants
2/C Trust Plaza, G.T. Road, Gujranwala
Off. 3259556, 3822599, 3256258, Fax.3256258
Email: [email protected]

3. Ch. Shafaqat & Co.

Chartered Accountants
3-B, 1st Floor Trust PlazaG.T. Road, Gujranwala
Off. 3856796, 0333-8103052
Email: [email protected]

4. Ilyas Saeed & Co.

Chartered Accountants
3-B, Trust PlazaG.T. Road, Gujranwala-52250
Off. 3856796, 3843668
Email: [email protected]
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 8

Vision Statement

“We believe is adding value

to your organization and making

mutually long term beneficial

business relationship

by delivering high quality

services

to your organization”

Mission Statement

"Our Mission is to foster decision-making

and public confidence in the

Chartered accountancy profession and

commitment to excellence.

We continuously seek good ideas that convert

into positive practical advice for

the benefit of our clients and

we respect and recognize the efforts

and skills of our team.”

Nature of the Organization

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 9

Chartered accountants provide trustworthy information about financial records. This might
involve them in financial reporting, taxation, auditing, forensic accounting, corporate finance,
business recovery and insolvency, or accounting systems and processes. Generally, they play a
strategic role by providing professional advice, aiming to maximize profitability on behalf of
their client or employer. They work in many different settings including public practice firms,
industry and commerce, as well as in the not-for-profit and public sectors.

In public practice firms, chartered accountants provide professional services to fee-paying clients
who might be private individuals or large commercial or public sector organizations. In
commerce, industry and the not-for-profit and public sectors, they may work in treasury
management, procurement, and financial management or in reporting roles.

Work activities of Chartered Accountant

The role of a chartered accountant can cover many aspects of financial work, including:

 continuous management of financial systems and budgets

 undertaking financial audits
 Providing financial advice.

In public practice, typical work activities include:

 liaising with clients and providing financial information and advice

 performing tests to check financial information and systems
 advising clients on tax planning and tax issues associated with activities
 maintaining accounting records and preparing accounts and management information for
small businesses
 advising clients on areas of business improvement
 detecting and preventing fraud

In commerce and industry, typical work activities involve:

 liaising with internal and external auditors

 preparing financial statements
 preparing financial management reports
 advising on tax and treasury issues
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 10

Product/Service line:
Chartered Accountant firms render various types of services to their clients. According to the
types and nature of the clients. The nature of service also differs from firm to firm, which
includes corporate services, feasibility report, professional consultancy etc. The firm is dealing
with;

 Auditing
 Taxation
 Management consultancy
 Professional consultancy
 Corporate services.

Auditing:
CA firms provide the services of auditing to their clients. According to the companies ordinance
1984 all the public and private limited companies are required that Chartered Accountant must
sign their accounts. The welfare organization and NGO’s are also required to get their accounts
audited by the Chartered Accountant firm.

CA firms audit the accounts of their and check all the major books along with subsidiary books
and vouchers with supporting evidence. After this process then they express their opinion upon
the accuracy or inaccuracy of the accounts. They write an audit report and also mention the
various transactions, which are not duly verified. They also write audit report to the management
in which they express any weakness of the management how to control these weaknesses. They
are rendering for such services charges some fees.

Taxation:
The CA firm provides tax services to their clients. Some firms are specially deals in tax. The
client who needs the services regarding to tax pay fee for such services and the auditor gives him
a very useful service by the tax returns.

Management Consultancy:
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 11

CA firms provide management consultancy to their clients. In management consultancy include

development and implementation for accounting system, manuals and management information
system. In order to make their management efficient they appoint staff may or may not have a
professional auditor’s qualification. Sometimes the company independent auditors to conduct the
internal audit of their accounts. The auditor checks the system and the policies of the
management along with the books of accounts. The auditor has to report to the management
whether the policy and plans of activities prescribed by them have been implemented, whether
the internal check and internal control established are adequate, whether the actual result are
obtained and varying from the estimates, and to enable the management to achieve the objective
of the company in a planned manner.

Professional Consultancy:
CA firm also provide the professional consultancy services to their clients. When appointed as
consultants, they valuate sick units for the purpose of privatization. Evaluate the reports and bid
documents in respect of the sick projects prepared for the Privatization Commission Government
of Pakistan. CA firm s also provides the professional assistance in the establishment or the
organization.

Corporate Services:
The Chartered Accountant firms are also providing the corporate services in the connection with
the corporate law authority.

PEST ANALYSIS
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 12

Political, Governmental, and Legal Forces

Government regulations or deregulations
Changes in tax laws
Voter participation rates

Economic Forces
Interest rates
Money market rates
Availability of credit
Tax rates

Social, Cultural, and Demographic Forces

Number of special-interest groups
Per capita income
Attitudes toward business
Government regulation

Hierarchy Chart
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 13

Javed Sarfraz
FCA
Senior
Corporate

Senior Assisstant Junior

Auditor Auditor Auditor

Senior Junior

Manager Manager Manager

Taxation Taxation
Office boy

Audit Corporate Taxation

Peon

Our Major Clients

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 14

 Abdul salam & Co.

 M.A. Enterprises.
 Ansir enterprises.
 Yousaf traders.
 Mazahar enterprises & steel company.
 S.N.M. traders.
 Business colleges.
 Rizwan Industries.
 Ajmal traders.
 Al-Kalam Dying (pvt) ltd.
 Tony Brothers (pvt) ltd.

Introduction to departments

Auditing

Origin of Auditing
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 15

Usually origin of audit is traced to the middle ages, but infect the introduction of large scale
production gave birth to audit, after the industrial revolution during the 18th century.

In the beginning there was small-scale production was smaller, the technology was simply and
has a low capital. But with the passage of time, these things were all improved and enlarged and
thus proper checking of them became very much necessary in the audit.

History of Audit profession in Pakistan

After its emergence on August 14, 1947 of Pakistan adopted the Auditor’s Certificate Rules,
1932 for regulating the audits and accounting profession. Necessary amendments were made in
1950 on the affairs of the accountancy profession were then administered under the Auditor’s
Certificate Rules 1950. In the 1950, Registered Accountants Firms formed a private body
Knows as “Pakistan Institute Of Accountants” with the objects and ultimate goal of having an
autonomous association in the country. So the institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan
was established on July 01, 1961.

Definition of Audit

The word audit is derived form the Latin word “AUDIRE” which means “To Hear”. In the past
whatever the owner of the business suspected fraud, they appoint certain persons to check the
accounts. Such persons would hear the accountants what ever they had to say in the connection
with the accounts.

The international standards of auditing (ISA) has defined as “ An audit is the independent
examination of financial statements or related information of an entity whether profit oriented or
not, and irrespective of its size, or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a
view to expressing an opinion thereon”.

OBJECTS OF AUDIT

The Main Object Of Audit Are As Follows.

1- To verify statements:

The auditor has to verify the accounts and financial statements prepared by the clients and his
staff. The auditor’s responsibility and respect to his appointment is to verify each and every
transaction thoroughly.
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 16

2- To discover errors and frauds:

The auditor has to discover errors and frauds, if any, which might have been committed
intentionally or unintentionally. Intact it is a very difficult task to discover intentional errors and
frauds. Sometimes the clients may not provide actual fact and figure and in such case its is so
difficult for the auditor. As a matter of fact this was the primary object of auditing but now it is
considered to the secondary object.

3- To prevent errors and frauds

Detection of frauds is considered to be one of the most important duties of an auditor. As a

matter of fact originally audit was conducted mainly with a view detect fraud whenever it was
suspected. The system of internal check aims at the prevention of fraud. In this way if the staff of
the account deportments knows that the accounts prepared by them are subject to audit, they are
very careful to see that no fraud or errors is committed.

Types of Audit

There are two types of audit, which are as follow.

1- Internal Audit

Internal audit is the independent appraisal of activity within an organization for the review of
accounting, financial and other business practices as a protective and constructive arm of
management. It is a type of control, which functions by measuring and evaluating the
effectiveness of the other type of controls.

In other words internal audit consists of continuous critical review of financial and operating
activities by a staff of auditors functioning as full time salaried employees. Internal audit implies
an audit of the accounts by the employees of the business. A separate staff that may or may not
have professional audit qualification does the work. The function of the internal auditor is same
as that of an auditor.

In addition to that the internal auditor has to see that there is no wastage and the business is
carried on efficiently.

In internal audit we prepare a management report. The auditor has to report to the management
that the system and policies prescribed by them have been implemented, whether the internal
control and internal check established were adequate, whether the actual result obtained were
varying from the estimate enable the management top achieve the objective of the company in
the planned manner. Impartial qualified chartered accountant do the internal audit. In internal
audit the management wish that the auditor discovered as many errors as possible so that they
can be efficiently prevented.
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 17

2- External Audit

External audit is conducted to report to the shareholders of the company. It is obligatory audit in
which the shareholder appoints external auditors. The auditors only check the system and
policies of the business. He has only to check the accounts and express their opinion about the
accuracy or inaccuracy of the accounts and reports the facts and figures of audit to the
shareholders of the company.

Auditing Procedure

An audit planning i.e. an audit plans relating to extent and scope of an audit.

Developing the audit programme i.e. the procedure that are needed to implement the audit plan.

 Examination of the accounting system

 Evaluation of internal controls
 Simple checking of vouchers
 Verification of assets and liabilities
 Submission of auditor reports

HOW TO CONDUCT AUDIT

The Operation Of Audit

The audit work is operated with the help of the following techniques:

o Ticking.
o Casting.
o Calling Over
o Vouching.
o Verification.
o Reporting.
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 18

1. TICKING:

Ticking indicates the placing of a mark against an entry in the book to denote that the auditor has
examined it for a certain purpose. Variously shaped marks are used to denote checking of
additions, posting, carry-forward, tracing, extraction of balances etc. Ticks are generally put in
indelible pencil, although some auditors also use pen and ink for this purpose.

To ensure consistency, most of the good auditors use a tick chart, which is required to be learnt
by heart by all the members of the audit staff.

2. CASTING:

Casting refers to the checking of additions of books of accounts and financial statements. It is
essential that arithmetical accuracy be checked so that frauds or errors (if any) may be detected.
A junior member of audit staff normally does this job. Most of the auditors use mechanical
appliances or adding machines to check the casting of the books of accounts.

3. CALLING-OVER:

A sizable part of the work of audit consists in the comparison of entries in two or more books of
an entry in a book with its supporting evidence or voucher. This is usually carried out by two
clerks, one reading the item to the other. Care should be used to see that the whole of the
important detail of each item is checked and not merely the amount. Special care in checking
postings to personal ledgers is needed as to names and title of account; otherwise a wrong
posting may remain undetected. Clarity in pronunciation is essential. There may be a confusion
between ninety and nineteen, Sixty and sixteen and so on. Thus it is advisable to pronounce
ninety as ninetie, sixty as sixtie and so on. Similarly when calling out a figure as Rs. 80.90, there
should be a pause between 80 and 9, lest it should be understood as 89.

4. VOUCHING:

The function of the voucher is to authenticate an entry and the auditor must satisfy himself that it
does this. It must correspond in date and account to the entry in the books. It must be in respect
of the entire client and entry must be correctly passed in the books. The act of vouching consists
of checking the documentary evidence such as

 Invoices
 Cash memos
 Bills
 Receipts
 Vouchers
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 19

 Minutes

Reference to legal documents etc. as should establish the accuracy and truthfulness of the entries
appearing in the books of account, and in those cases where it is not so, the matters are noted for
discussion and if the auditor still remains unsatisfied, the outstanding matters are reported to the
client.

5. VERIFICATION:

When an auditor has couched the entries appearing in the books of account, his duty is not
thereby fully discharged. If appointed for audit under the act, he has to report whether or not the
balance sheet exhibits a true and correct view of the state of affairs of the company. For this
purpose, he should satisfy himself on the following points:

 That each asset and liability is correctly valued and correctly stated in the balance sheet.
 That the assets actually existed at the date of the balance sheet.
 That they are not property of the business.
 That they are not suffering from a charge except that disclosed in the balance sheet.

The techniques of audit carried out to achieve the foregoing objectives are known as verification.

6. REPORTING:

After the above steps have been carried out, the auditor will then be required to submit his report.
The form and the contents will depend upon several factors, e.g. the legal status of the appointing
authority, the contract for the scope of work to be done, whether the audit is being conducted
under the companies’ ordinance 1984. Banking companies ordinance 1962, insurance Act, 1938,
etc. The points to be considered while drafting a report in respect of sole traders and partnership
concerns will be dealt with a length in a separate chapter of this book. However, the form of
auditor report to be submitted after the annual audit of accounts of a company has been
prescribed as Form 35-A annexed to the companies Rules, 1985.

TAXATION

INTRODUCION:

The rang of CA firm in the area of taxation covers personal and corporate tax planning
supplemented by representation on behalf to client before the central board of revenue obtaining
clarification etc, and before Assessing and Appellate Authorities.

These services are in follows

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 20

 Tax planning.
 Personal taxation.
 Corporate taxation

At the time of separation the highest and the administrative executive authority for revenue
collection in Pakistan is the central Board of Revenue (C.B.R), which was constituted under
CBR Act 1924. It is a statutory body appointed by the central government for the purpose of tax
collection in the country. The Board consists of few members and all the revenue authorities are
subordinate to it. Central board of Revenue is responsible for collection of revenue income come
from income tax\, sales tax, wealth tax and excise duty and there are various departments like
income tax and sales tax departments for the collection of such taxes.

A Chartered Accountant firm deals in the area of income tax, sales tax and wealth tax on behalf
of its clients including individuals, firm and corporation etc, we will discuss tax, income tax,
wealth tax and sales tax In separate sections.

 Income Tax
 Sales Tax

These areas are discussed below.

INCOME TAX

Income tax is the major source of revenue collection by C.B.R income tax departments is
responsible in the country for the collection of income tax law provides guideline for the proper
administration of the whole system.

SOURCES OF income tax law:

1- The income tax ordinance 2001.

2- The income tax rules 2005.

3- The income tax Appellate tribunal1981.

4- Notification issued by Central Board of revenue.

5- Notification issued by federal Government.

6- Circulars, instructions and orders issued by C.B.R

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 21

7- Case law i.e. orders of Supreme Court, High court, Income Tax Appellate tribunal, Appellate
Audit and Additional Commissioners of Income Tax.

Heads of income (Under section 11)

(1) For the purposes of the imposition of tax and the computation of total income, all income
shall be classified under the following heads, namely:

(a) Salary; Section 12

(b) Income from Property; Section 15

(c) Income from Business; Section 19

(d) Capital Gains; and Section 37

(e) Income from Other Sources. Section 39

(2) Subject to this Ordinance, the income of a person under a head of income for a tax year
shall be the total of the amounts derived by the person in that year that are chargeable to tax
under the head as reduced by the total deductions, if any, allowed under this Ordinance to the
person for the year under that head.

(3) Subject to this Ordinance, where the total deductions allowed under this Ordinance to a
person for a tax year under a head of income exceed the total of the amounts derived by the
person in that year that are chargeable to tax under that head, the person shall be treated as
sustaining a loss for that head for that year of an amount equal to the excess.

(4) A loss for a head of income for a tax year shall be dealt with in accordance.

(5) The income of a resident person under a head of income shall be computed by taking into
account amounts that are Pakistan-source income and amounts that are foreign-source income.

(6) The income of a non-resident person under a head of income shall be computed by taking
into account only amounts that are Pakistan-source income.

For the computation of tax payable assesses may be divided into the following categories.

(a) Individual, Artificial Judicial Person

(b) Registered firm

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 22

 Company
 Local Authority
 Cooperative Society

For the purpose of rates of tax a company may either be a

1. Public Company

2. Private Company

3. Banking Business

4. Moddarba Company

Filling of Return of income Tax

The total income of any person in respect of which such person is assessable, for an income year
exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to tax under the tax ordinance or who has
been charged to tax in any of the four preceding income years or who owns a motor vehicle or
who subscribes a telephone, or who owns immovable property with land area 250 sq yards
located un the limits of Metropolitan corporation, municipal corporation, a cantonment board or
Islamabad Capital territory, who has undertaken foreign travel except for the purposes of Haj,
Umrah or Zuarat during the year.

SALES TAX

A Sales tax is imposed on the sales of goods and services, it is collected by the retailer at the
point of sales and is computed on a fixed percentage of the retail price. Sales tax department,
which comes under the central Board of Revenue, is responsible for the collection of sales tax
under the sales tax Act 1990.

Tax Period

Tax period means a period of one month or such other period as the Federal Government may
specify in the official gazatted by a notification.

Registration:
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 23

Every person or entity ho makes a taxable supply in Pakistan in the course of any taxable activity
carried out by him and whose total turnover from taxable supplies made in any period exceeds
Rs. 2.5 million in case of manufactures and Rs. 5 million in case of retailers.

Services of CA firm related to Sales Tax:

1- Chartered Accountants firms provides services to its clients for the registration under sales
tax act 1990.

2- The Central Board of Revenue has also appointed Ghaffor & Co under section 32(A) of the
sales tax act 1990 for the audit of business concerns.

3- Chartered Accountants firm provides all types of consultancy services in the area of sales
tax.

4- They help their clients in compilation of Sales Tax Return . In a CA firm sales tax
consultants also go for hearing of appeals for refund before collectorate of sales tax on behalf of
its clients. It also appeals for claims against additional taxes.

CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Chartered Accounts firm provides number of services to its clients i.e. individuals, firm,
corporation, Association of persons etc.

There are some major consultancy services, which is provided by the Chartered Accounts firm.

 Feasibility report.
 Pre-investment proposals.
 Disinvestments report.

Feasibility report is the Pre-investment of forecasting for investments prepared by a Chartered

Accounts firm. Feasibility report is the Pre-investment planning before the starting of a project.
Feasibility report are prepared to show future investment, costs and applicability of the plan of a
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 24

project, and forecasting of profits for coming five years, and give report of disinvestments about
any firm or the Chartered Accounts firm.

CORPOTATE SECTOR SERVICES

SOME ABOUT SECURITY EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN (SECP)

The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan has succeeded the erstwhile Corporate
Law Authority, which was an attached Department of Ministry of Finance. The process of
restructuring the Authority was initiated in 1997 under the Capital Market Development Plan of
the Asian Development Bank (ADB). A Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Act
was passed by the parliament and promulgated in December 1997. In pursuance of this Act, the
Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan, having autonomous status, became
operational from January 1st 1999.

The Act of Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan institutionalized certain Policy
decisions relating to the Constitution and Structure of Commission, its powers and functions
giving administrative authority and financial independence to carry out the reform program of
Pakistan’s capital Market with assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB). Powers of the
Commission have been delegated to the individual Commissioners and Appellate Benches, as
envisaged in the Act.

The Commission became operational in January 1999, and it has come a long way since than.
The scope of the authority of the commission has been extensively widened. The Insurance
Sector, Non Banking Financial companies, Pension Funds have since been added to the purview
of the Commission.

Now the Commission Mandates includes the entire Non Banking Financial Sector i.e. Investment
Financial services, Leasing Companies, Housing Finance Services, Venture Capital Investment,
Discounting Services, Investment Advisory Services and Asset Management Services etc. The
Commission has also been delegated powers, which the federal Government had, in regulating
various External Service providers that are linked to the corporate sector, like chartered
Accountants; rating agencies, cooperate Secretaries and others. So the challenge of the SEC has
amplified manifold with the increased mandate it now has.

The major areas in which the services are performed by Chartered Accountant firms are
mentioned below:

 Rectification and change of company’ s names and company’ management.

 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 25

 Alteration in Memorandum or Articles of Association.

 Issue of shares or filling return of allotment and increase in paid up capital up.
 Transfer of share from one to other shareholders and management.
 Issue of debentures, which are transfer from thereof.
 Formation of trusts, preparation of trusts deed and related documentation.
 Preparation of prospectus for public issue.
 Appointment of subsequent chief executives and matters related to chief executives and
other directors.
 Professional assistance in holding and completion of legal formalities in case of
extraordinary general, meetings and other board’s proceedings.
 Settlement of disputes as arbitrators or through arbitrators and
 Winding up of companies, companies and complete professional assistance until
complete liquidation process.

SWOT Analysis

Strengths
 Long standing clients
 Quality staff
 Focused workforce
 Excellent Business Ethics
 Supportive management
 Cooperative environment
 Name basis with large percentage of clients
 Good Relationships with Tax officers
 Flexible work environment
 Controlled growth
 Organization gives opportunity for career path
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 26

Weaknesses
 Due to lack of audit staff only 2-3 audits can be carried at a time
 No Company Website
 More emphasis on business Taxation Services rather than audit
 Limited knowledge of markets outside Gujranwala
 Shared office, no separate departments in the office
 Dependability of staff
 Strict Policy for absenteeism among employees causing dissatisfaction

Opportunities
 Create an interactive web-site
 Firm can get more audit services from clients if proper marketing techniques are applied
 Add additional high quality audit and tax services to drive additionalbusiness
 New more efficient staff
 Consolidation of offices
 Better Computer equipment and accounting soft wares for staff
 Hire 1 or 2 audit staff
 Growth markets

Threats

 Competition hiring staff

 Day by day increasing Competition in taxation and audit markets
 Turnover of customers to other firm’s
 Loss of audit clients due to lack of audit team members
 Firm might be outdated due to lack of technology and employee’s technological orientation
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 27

Recommendations for the Improvement of Organization

During the course of my internship I had a chance to view Javed Sarfraz & Co (chartered
Accountants) firm’s possible problems and upon my careful observation during work and based
on facts and my judgments I am being able present the recommendations for improvement in the
organization.

 The Firm should develop an efficient marketing department.

 Works which are pending over a long period of time should be given preference and done

as quickly as possible.
 More emphasis should be on Auditing services rather than Taxation.
 New forms of technologies should be introduced to the firm.
 New and energetic employees should be hired with blend of experienced one’s.
 Audit team should be expanded to get more audit services from clients.
 Audit department should perform audits of companies in the specified time limit.
 Potential clients should be targeted through proper channels.
 Team work should be encouraged for success of the firm.

CONCLUSION
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 28

Internship at Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) was a good start of my professional
experience. The friendly attitude of personnel has convinced me to work with such a dynamic
environment, where peace and creativity are the key elements in driving the organization towards
its success. This organization has professional oriented vision of doing business so the purity
which lies in their ambiance is enough to impress any prospective business professional. Javed
Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) since its formation in 1982 has really come a long way
through and has achieved a lotin this very short span. The firm has a great name in its industry
and market value. The operations of firm are purely transparent and the services offered by this
firm are in conformity with their business principles and corporate ethics. The firm has great
variety of professionals who have enabled this firm to earn the repute that it is enjoying now
days. It still has room for improvement and the steps to improving in the industry are quite
simple and need dedication on behalf of partners and employees.I would like to thank Javed
Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) firm Staff and fellow interns especially my Internship
supervisor Mr. Ansir Mehmood (Manager), and Mr. Ejaz Ali (Assisstant auditor) and everyone at
the firm who made these last six weeks of internship, an ultimate learning experience for me.

References
 Javed Sarfraz & Co. (Chartered Accountants) 29

 Saeed, Prof. Dr. Khawaja Amjad (1993), Auditing: Principles and Procedures, Lahore:

Institute of Business Management.

 Jhonson, G., whittington, R. and Scholes, K. (2009), Exploring corporate stratrgy with

MyStrategyLab, Financial Times/Printice Hall.

 Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Brady, M., Goodman, M., and Hansen, T. (2009), Marketing

Management, Pearson Education.

 Aguiler F.J. (1967), Scanning the Business Enviornment, Macmillan.
 The Official Website of SECP
 The Official Website of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan
 The Official Website of Fedral Board of Revenue(FBR), Government Pakistan.
 Information On Chartered Accountant Firm: An Internship Report On

Chartered Accountant Firm. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://nokia4183.blogspot.com/2011/04/internship-report-on- chartered.html?

zx=fd31387871f41fe
 What is audit? definition and meaning. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/audit.html#ixzz0yTaEgqbQ