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FALLSEM2021-22 ECE3003 ETH VL2021220101798 Reference Material I 17-08-2021 Addressing Modes and Instruction Set

The document discusses various addressing modes and instruction formats used in assembly language programming. It describes 5 addressing modes: 1) Immediate, 2) Direct, 3) Register, 4) Register Indirect, and 5) Implicit. It also covers common instruction types like data transfer, logical, arithmetic, and branching instructions. Key details are provided on how instructions specify operations and operands, with examples to illustrate different addressing modes and how data is moved between registers and memory locations.

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Pavan Kailash Naramaneni
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38 views

FALLSEM2021-22 ECE3003 ETH VL2021220101798 Reference Material I 17-08-2021 Addressing Modes and Instruction Set

The document discusses various addressing modes and instruction formats used in assembly language programming. It describes 5 addressing modes: 1) Immediate, 2) Direct, 3) Register, 4) Register Indirect, and 5) Implicit. It also covers common instruction types like data transfer, logical, arithmetic, and branching instructions. Key details are provided on how instructions specify operations and operands, with examples to illustrate different addressing modes and how data is moved between registers and memory locations.

Uploaded by

Pavan Kailash Naramaneni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instruction format:

OPCODE OPERAND

Specifies the operation of the instruction

Specifies the data

Ex) MOV A, #23H

OPERAND

OPCODE

MOV A, R0

OPERAND

OPCODE

ADDRESSING MODES

Specifies about how source and destinations are specified in Instructions

1) Immediate Addressing Mode:(will help to move a data in to a register)


 Uses # symbol

Ex) MOV R0, #08H

MOV DPTR,#1000H (DPTR-16 bit register named as “Data Pointer” = Holds address of ROM)

Rules:

 If data starts with an alphabet then zero must be added


 Ex) MOV A,#0FFH; MOV A,#0A2H;MOV R0,#2A;MOV R1,#0AA
 The # symbol must not be used at the destination part of an instruction
Ex) MOV #23H, A ------- Wrong

2) Direct Addressing Mode:


 Uses Address in the instruction

Ex) MOV A, 00H

Here 00H refers an address

Ex)

MOV R0, #02h MOV A,#03H ; A=03


MOV R1,A; R1=03
MOV R1, 00H MOV R0,01H ;R0 = 03
END END
After execution,

R1 content will be 02
Rules:

 Address may be any of the 128 bytes RAM addresses(00H-7FH)


 Sometimes the address may be the address of SFR
 Size of the Source and destinations must be matching
Ex)
MOV R0,0000H ---- Wrong
MOV DPTR,02H----- Wrong
 Address may be represented either at source or at destination
Ex)
MOV A,02H --- Correct
MOV 02H,A-----Correct
3) Register Addressing Mode:
 Uses registers alone in the Instruction

Ex) MOV A,R0


MOV R1,A

Rules:

 Register size must be matching


Ex) MOV A,DPTR ----- Wrong(DPTR Size=16 bits but A reg Size = 8 bits)
 Between two register bank registers we can’t move data directly
EX)
MOV R0,R1 --- Wrong ; R1 = 03--- R0
Solution:
1) MOV A,R1
MOV R0,A
2) MOV 00H,01H

MOV R1,#03H
MOV A,R1
MOV R0,A
END

4) Register Indirect Addressing Mode:

 Uses “@” symbol in the instructions

Ex)

MOV A, @R0 ; MOVC A,@A+DPTR ; MOV @R1,A

Example Program:

MOV R1, #23H


MOV A, #01H
MOV A,@R0
END
After Execution:
A reg content will be 23h (@ symbol consider the reg content as
address rather data)

Rules:

 @ symbol uses only with R0 ,R1 and A reg


- When it is used with A then the content will be treated as data but if it is used
with R0 and R1 the the content will be treated as Address
5) Implicit Addressing Mode:
 Uses A register alone

Ex)

CPL A, RR A, RL A, RRC A, RLC A

Instruction Set
1. Data Transfer Instructions :
a) Move Instructions:
(n- 8 bit data; Rr = R0 to R7; nn-16 bit data; Rp = R0 &
R0)
MOV A,#n
MOV Rr,#n
Ex) MOV R0,# 03H
MOV Rr, A
Ex) MOV A,#06h; A <= 06
MOV R0,A ;R0<=06;A=06H
MOV A,Rr
MOV Add1,Add2
Ex)MOV 07h,03H
b) Exchange Instructions:
XCH A,Rr
EX) MOV A,#23H
MOV R0,#55H
XCH A,R0
END
A<= 55H; R0 <=23H

XCH A, ADD
-Exchanges contents of A with specified
address
XCH A,Rp
XCH A,@Rp
Ex)
MOV R0,#30H
MOV 30H,#55H (Since RAM address range 00h-7FH)
MOV A,#44H
XCH A,@R0
END
- 30 H< = 44H ; A<= 55H
- XCHD A,@RP

- - Exchanges with lower nibble


- Ex)
MOV R0,#30H
MOV 30H,#55H
MOV A,#44H
XCHD A,@R0
END
- 30 H< = 45H ; A<= 54H
2. Logical Instructions:
ANL A, #n
ANL A,add
ANL A, Rr
ANL A,@Rp
ANL add,A
ANL add, #n
(ORL , NOT, and XRL are other Logical operations)
CPL A
- ( NOT gate)
MOV A,#00H
CPL A
END
A Reg Content will be FF
3. Rotate Instructions
4. Arithmetic Instructions:
ADD A,#n
ADD A,Rr
ADD A,add
ADD A,@Rp
(ADDC for multi byte addition; SUBB for Subtraction)

Ex) FFFF+FFFF = 1FFFE

1
Ex) FF FF
+ FF FF
_______________
1 FF FE
_______________
MOV A,#0FFH
ADD A,#0FFH (FF+FF =>1FE ;FE=>A &CY <= 1)
MOV R0,A (R0 <= FE)
MOV A,#0FFH
ADDC A,#0FFH ; ( (A)+FF+CY) (A<= FF & CY <=1)
END
Final Result ; (A) = FF;(R0) = FE;(CY) =1

DA A- Decimal Adjust Accumulator


Usually if the result of addition exceeds 9 then the
result will be given in Hex Decimal Form
Ex) 08+03 = 0B ; 05+03 =08
MOV A,#08H
ADD A,#03H
END
After execution (A) <= 0B
But to see the result of 08+03 as 11(like normal
decimal number) then we have to use DA A instruction.

Ex)
MOV A,#03H
ADD A,#08H
DA A ; A <=11
END
NOTE:
DA A instruction must be used only after ADD
instruction
EX)
MOV A,#32H
DA A ----------- It won’t work (before DA A we
have to use ADD instruction)

5. Branching Instruction
Relative jump = 127d to -128d(- Indicates
backward dir)
Ex) DJNZ,JNC….
Absolute range = 2K
Ex) AJMP,ACALL….
Long Range = within 64KB
Ex) LJMP,LCALL….
Note:
1. JZ,JNZ,JC,JNC Used Only with A register
2. JZ,JNZ,JC,JNC demands an ALU instruction must be
executed before using these instructions.
Ex)
MOV A,#23H
JNC ,XX
MOV B,#32H
XX: END
JNC Won’t work since MOV A,#23H is not an ALU
Instruction
MOV A,#23H
ADD A,#32H
JNC ,XX
MOV B,#32H
XX: END
Now JNC Will work
1. Let R5 = 90
CJNE R5,#80,XX ( Internally 90-80 =+sign so no carry)

XX: JNC
2. Let R5 = 70
CJNE R5,#80,XX( Internally 70-80 = -sign so there is a
carry)
XX: JC
3. Let R5 = 80
CJNE R5,#80,XX (Condition Fails so no jump)
-

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