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Latest Student Movements in India: 1. Navnirman Andolan (Reconstruction Movement 1974)

This document summarizes 5 major student movements that have occurred in India since 1974. It discusses the Navnirman Andolan movement of 1974 in Gujarat which protested corruption and resulted in a state government dissolution. It also outlines the 1990 anti-Mandal Commission protests against affirmative action quotas and the 2006 anti-reservation protests against OBC quotas. Additionally, it summarizes the 2013 anti-Sri Lanka protests in Tamil Nadu advocating for Tamils in Sri Lanka and the 2016 protests in Hyderabad following the suicide of Dalit scholar Rohith Vemulla allegedly due to caste discrimination.

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Srushti Bhisikar
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261 views

Latest Student Movements in India: 1. Navnirman Andolan (Reconstruction Movement 1974)

This document summarizes 5 major student movements that have occurred in India since 1974. It discusses the Navnirman Andolan movement of 1974 in Gujarat which protested corruption and resulted in a state government dissolution. It also outlines the 1990 anti-Mandal Commission protests against affirmative action quotas and the 2006 anti-reservation protests against OBC quotas. Additionally, it summarizes the 2013 anti-Sri Lanka protests in Tamil Nadu advocating for Tamils in Sri Lanka and the 2016 protests in Hyderabad following the suicide of Dalit scholar Rohith Vemulla allegedly due to caste discrimination.

Uploaded by

Srushti Bhisikar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Society in India 151

A large
ges. number
In 19 l of studen t s participated
. . in the freedom movement at various
t 8 r~port of government's report of sedition committee stated out
681186
' d s u ents from Bengal between 1907 and 1917 participated in
ree om movement ' for revolut1·0 nary activities.
. .. . this
Beside . part1c1pat10n
. . . 1n .
edom stru~!e, students launched agitations of their own against university
lege authonties as well as the government for fulfilling their demands connected
f~es,_ enrollment, educational policies, government funds for educational
,titutions, syllabus etc. This agitation continued after independence also.

Latest Student Movements in India:

1. Navnirman Andolan (Reconstruction Movement 1974):


(A) This movement was basically started by students of an engineering
college in Ahemadabad.
(B) This movement started agitation against the corrupt practices of
government.
(C) The root of this movement existed in the anger of students and middle
class people against corruption in public life.
(D) In the same year, Gujarat University witnessed conflict between police
authority and students. $1

(E) This movement also included points like reduction of hostel food fees
and other connected issues of students.
(F) This student movement strongly demanded for resignation of CM
Chimanbhaei Patel.
(G) Due to this agitation curfew was imposed in 44 towns and army was
called to restore normalcy and peace.
(H) At least 100 died, 1,000 to 3,000 were injured, and 8,000 were arrested
during the movement.
(I) It is the only successful .agitation in the history of post-independence
India that resulted in dissolution of an elected government of the state.

2. Anti-Mandal commission protest, 1990: .


(A) This was spontaneous protest aimed to implement Mandal Commission
report in 1990.
(B) This Mandal Commission report was prepared under the Government of
V.P. Singh.
(C) This report's implementatio~ was s_trongly opposed by those against
reservation and those belongmg to higher castes.
(D) This commission's report declared 27% reservation qu Ot fi O .
the matter of public jobs and admission in gover a or BCs 1n
making the total number of reservations for SC STnment colleges, thus
' and OBC to 49%.
~1~52:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~s~o~c~ie~ty~in~In~di:·a~------~-=--=----
d Delhi School of Econom ·
(E) Students from St. Stephen College an d . Oth ics
launched protest and soon the protest gradually sprea m er Parts
of India. . . • · reservation should be based 0
(F) The strong point of this agitation was . . n
economic consideration and not on caste consideration.
(G) Rajiv Goswami, a student of Oeshbandhu C?llege: Delhi,_ committed
self-immolation in protest of the government s actions. His act made
him the face of the Anti-Mandal agitation then. Altogether, nearly 200
students committed self-immolations; of these, 62 students succumbed
to their burns.

3. Anti-reservation protest, 2006:


(A) This was also the major protest against the caste based reservation
system.
(B) This protest spread all over India in order to oppose decision of Congress
led UPA government to implement reservation for OBCs both in central
and private higher educational institutions.
(C) The government proposed to reserve 27% of seats for OBCs in the
premier educational institutions of India like AIIMS, IITs, IIMs, IISc and
other institutions of higher education.
(D) This move led to massive protests from students who claimed that the
government's proposal was discriminatory, discarded meritocracy and
was driven by vote-bank politics.
(E) the Supreme Court upheld the law for the provision of 27% quota for
candidates belonging to the Other Backward Classes in IITs, NITs,
IIMs, AIIMS and other premier educational institutions. But it directed
the government to exclude the "creamy layer" among the OBCs while
implementing the law. However, the "creamy layer" exclusion would not
be applied to the SC/STs.

4. Anti Shri-Lanka Protest, 2013:


(A) The students in Tamilnadu were seen holding series of protests and
agitations led by the Students Federation for Freedom of Tamil Eelam.
(B) Tamil Eelam is a proposed independent state that Tamils in Sri Lanka
and the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora aspire to create in the north and east
of Sri Lanka. The Tamil meaning of "Eelam" is homeland. Eelam is the
native Tamil name for the South Asian island state of Sri Lanka.
(C) The protest was against the alleged war crimes committed by Shri
Lankan army against LTIE militants and Tamil population in Shri
Lanka.
~------------------~153
~ - - - - - - - - -_ ___::S~oc~ie~ty~in~I~nd~ia~-------------

(D) The ~roteste~s demanded that the Government oflndia vote in suppo~ of
a Uruted Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) resolution censunng
the Government of Sri Lanka for war crimes.
(E) The agitations started on 11 March 2013 when eight students of Lo~~la
College, Chennai, who fasted in condemnation of alleged atrocities
committed on Tamils in Sri Lanka were arrested by the Tamil Nadu
police.
(F) Apart from college students, doctors, film personalities and employees
of IT companies also participated in the protests.
(G) DMK chief announced withdrawal from UPA alliance citing Congress
disregard to the suffering of Eelam Tamil. The Tamil Nadu state
Le~slative Council passed legislation on March 27, 2013 urging th e
Indian Government to slap economic sanctions on Sri Lanka and
demand for the formation of a separate state for the Tamils of Sri Lanka.

5. Protest over suicide of Dalit Scholar (Rohith Vemulla), 2016:


(A) Rohith Vemulla was an Indian PhD student at the University of
Hyderabad and author of the book "Caste is Not a Rumour"•
(B) His suicide and the cascading effects dominated media throughout
January-2013 as an alleged case of discrimination against Dalits.
(C) He committed suicide on 17 January 2016 following a controversy that
had begun in July 2015 when the university reportedly stopped paying
him a fellowship of Rs.25,000 (US$360) per month because an enquiry
found he had been "raising issues under the banner of Ambedkar
Students Association".
(D) At the beginning of August 2015, Vemula and four ASA members
protested against the death penalty for Yakub Memon, a convict in 1993
Bombay bombings in which 257 people were killed.
(E) There was also report that the executive council of university expelled
four Dalit students along with Rohith from hostel and limited their
access to the campus of hostel and college for allegedly assaulting an
ABVP student leader, Nandanam Susheel Kumar.
(F) The main issue picked up by media was the suicide committed by one
of the dalit students i.e. Rohith Vemulla in his hostel room.
(G) The university revoked the suspension of Rohith's comrades, hours after
15 Dalit teachers resigned accusing Union Education Minister Smriti
Irani of distorting the facts related to the suicide. Ms Irani had alleged a
misrepresentation of facts and proclaimed that the tragedy had nothing
to do with a caste battle.

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