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Lecture 05 20-10-21

The document discusses partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one of its variables, holding the other variables constant. It provides examples of calculating partial derivatives for various multivariable functions, including exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and polynomial functions. The examples demonstrate how to take the derivative with respect to each variable by treating the other variables as constants.

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Tayyab Husaain
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68 views

Lecture 05 20-10-21

The document discusses partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one of its variables, holding the other variables constant. It provides examples of calculating partial derivatives for various multivariable functions, including exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and polynomial functions. The examples demonstrate how to take the derivative with respect to each variable by treating the other variables as constants.

Uploaded by

Tayyab Husaain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXAMPLES

(1) f ( x, y )  ln(2 x  y  1)
The function f is continuous in the whole region where 2 x  y  1, y  2 x  1 . And its region is
shown in figure below.
y < 2x+1

1 xy
(2) f ( x, y )  e
The function f is continuous in the whole region of xy-plane.

1
(3) f ( x, y )  tan ( y  x )
The function f is continuous in the whole region of xy- plane.

(4) f ( x, y )  y  x
The function is continuous where x ≥ y
y
x≥y

Partial Derivative
Let f a function of x and y. If we hold y constant, say y  y0 and view x as a variable, then
f ( x, y0 ) is a function of x alone. If this function is differentiable at x  x0 , then the value of
this derivative is denoted by f x ( x0 , y0 ) and is called the Partial derivative of f with respect of
x at the point ( x0 , y0 ).
Similarly, if we hold x constant, say x  x0 and view y as a variable, then f ( x0 , y ) is a
function of y alone. If this function is differentiable at y  y0 , then the value of this derivative is
denoted by f y ( x0 , y0 ) and is called the Partial derivative of f with respect of y at the point
( x0 , y0 ).
Example 4: Let f ( x, y )  2 x 3 y 2  2 y  4 x be a surface. Find the partial derivatives of f with
respect to x and y at point (1, 2).
Solution: Treating y as a constant and differentiating with respect to x , we obtain
f x ( x, y )  6 x 2 y 2  4
Treating x as a constant and differentiating with respect to y , we obtain
f y ( x, y )  4 x 3 y  2
Substituting x = 1 and y = 2 in these partial-derivative formulas yields.
f x (1, 2)  6 1  2   4  28
2 2

f y (1, 2)  4 1  2   2  10
3

Example 5: Let z  4 x 2  2 y  7 x 4 y 5 be a surface. Find the partial derivatives of z with respect


to x and y.
z z
Solution : z  4 x 2  2 y  7 x 4 y 5  8 x  28 x3 y 5 ,   2  35 x 4 y 4
x y
Example 6: Let z  f ( x, y )  x 2 sin 2 y be a surface. Find the partial derivatives of z with
respect to x and y.
Solution: z  f ( x, y )  x sin y
2 2

Then to find the derivative of f with respect to x, we treat y as a constant.


z
Therefore,  f x  2 x sin 2 y
x
Then to find the derivative of f with respect to y, we treat x as a constant.
z
 f y  x 2  2sin y cos y   x 2 sin 2 y
y
 x2  y 2 
Example 7: Let z  ln   be a surface. Find the partial derivatives of z with respect to
 x y 
x and y.
Solution: By using the properties of the ln, we can write it as
z = ln(x2 + y2)  ln (x + y)
z 1 1
= 2 2 . 2x 
x x + y x + y
2x2 + 2xy  x2  y2
=
(x2 + y2)(x + y)
x2 + 2xy  y2
= 2
(x + y2)(x + y)
Similarly by symmetry,
 
Example 8: Find the partial derivatives of z  x 4 sin xy 3 with respect to x and y.
Solution:
z  x 4 sin( xy 3 )
z  4
  x sin( xy 3 ) 
x x
 
 x 4 sin( xy 3 )   sin( xy 3 ) ( x 4 )
x x
 x cos( xy ) y  sin( xy ) 4 x3
4 3 3 3

z
 x 4 y 3 cos( xy 3 )  4 x3 sin( xy 3 )
x

z  4
  x sin( xy 3 ) 
y y
 
 x 4 sin( xy 3 )   sin( xy 3 ) ( x 4 )
y y
 x 4 cos( xy 3 ) 3xy 2  sin( xy 3 ).0
 3x 5 y 2 cos( xy 3 )
Example 9: Find the partial derivatives of z  cos ( x 5 y 4 ) with respect to x and y.
Solution:
z = cos(x5 y4)
z 
  sin( x 5 y 4 ) ( x 5 y 4 )
x x
 5 x 4 y 4 sin( x 5 y 4 )
z 
  sin( x 5 y 4 ) ( x5 y 4 )
y y
 4 x y sin( x5 y 4 )
5 3

Example 10: Find the partial derivatives of w  x 2  3 y 2  4 z 2  x y z with respect to x, y and z.


Solution:
w = x2 +3y2+4z2-xyz
w
= 2x – yz
x
w
= 6y - xz
dy
dw
= 8z - xy
dz

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