10

Distance and Midpoint Formula

with Coordinate Proof
Learner's Module in Mathematics 10
Quarter 2 ● Module 6

MARIA LINDA U. SALERO

Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME:____________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ____________

TEACHER: ______________________________________ SCORE:____________

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
No. 82 Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation Division
(CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Mathematics.

Date of Development August 2020

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area Mathematics
Grade Level 10
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q2/W6
Learning Competency Codes M10GE-IIg-2
The learner applies the distance formula
Learning Competencies
to prove some geometric properties.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without them.
Thank you all for your moral and technical support in the crafting of this learning
module. To my colleagues in our school for sharing your knowledge and expertise as
I developed this learning resource. Lastly, to the office of DepEd Division of Baguio
City for giving us the opportunity to discover our skills as module writers.

Development Team
Developer: Maria Linda U. Salero
Lay-out Artist/Editor: Laila B. Kiw-isen

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Brenda M. Cariño School Head / Principal
Editha L. Laop Subject / Learning Area Specialist
Niño E. Martinez
Laila B. Kiw-isen Department LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Francisco C. Copsiyan EPS – Subject
Niño M. Tibangay PSDS – District 3

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD

OIC - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Copyright Notice ………………………………………………….……...….…. ii
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….……. … v
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
Introduction…………..…………………………………………………………..... 2
Pre-assessment……. …………………………………………………………….. 3
Distance & Midpoint Formula and Coordinate Proof…..………….……………. 5
Reviewing Distance …………………………………..……...……………….. 5
Introducing Distance Formula…………………………………………...…… 6
Finding Distance Between Two Points ………………….………………….. 7
Activity 2 …………...…...……………………………………...………………. 9
Introducing Midpoint Formula….….…………………………………………... 10
Finding Midpoint Between Two Points …...……………...………………… 11
Activity 3 ……………………………………………………………………….. 13
Coordinate Proof……………………………………………………………….. 13
Activity 4…………………………………………………………………………. 16
Application: Solving Word Problems ……………………………………………. 17
Activity 5………………………………………………………………………… 18
Generalization (Activity 6)………………………………………………………… 19
Enrichment (Activity 7)…………………………………………………………….. 19
Post – assessment ………………………………………………………………. 20
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………… 22
Reference………………………………………………………………………….. 22

v
Distance and Midpoint Formula
with Coordinate Proof
Learner's Module in Mathematics 10
Quarter 2 ● Module 6

MARIA LINDA U. SALERO

Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to this module on Distance and Midpoint Formula and
Coordinate Proof.

For the facilitator:

This module is intended to help grade 10 students understand key
concepts of distance and midpoint formula and coordinate proof. It is
designed to equip them with essential knowledge about the said topic and
skills on solving problems involving distance and midpoint formula and
coordinate proof. Please have the patience in assisting the learners
accomplish the objectives of this module.

For the learner:

This learning material is provided for you to better understand the
concept of distance and midpoint formula and coordinate proof. And that your
fear of mathematics will be lessened so you will have the confidence to answer
the series of activities prepared for you. By doing these activities, it is expected
that you will develop your skill in problem solving. This module is also
designed so that you can pace your own learning as you achieve the required
learning competencies. Please read completely the written texts and follow the
instructions carefully so that you will be able to get the most of this learning
material. We hope that you will enjoy learning!

Learning Competencies:
The learner applies the distance formula to prove some geometric
properties. (M10GE-IIg-2)

Learning Objectives:

As you go through this module, you should be able to:

a) derive the distance formula;
b) find the distance between two points;
c) determine the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment;
d) solve word problems involving distance and midpoint formula;
e) apply the distance and midpoint formula in proving some geometric
properties.

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PRE-ASSESSMENT
DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you already know about distance
and midpoint formula and coordinate proof. Read and analyze each statement
carefully. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter of your answer
on your answer sheet.
1) Which of the following is a formula for finding the distance between two
points on the coordinate plane?

2
A. d = |x2 − x1 | C. d = √(x2 − x1 )2 − (y2 − y1 )

2
B. d = |y2 - y1 | D. d = √(x1 − x2 )2 + (y1 − y2 )

For numbers 2 & 3, refer to the figure at the right.

2) Which of the following would give the distance
between points M and N?
A. |−4 − 7| C. |7 − 4|
B. |5 − 7| D. |7 − 5|

3) Which of the following would give the distance

between points A and B?
A. |6 –(−2)| C. |6 + 3|
B. |−2 + 6| D. |7 − 4|

4) What is the distance between the points M(−3, −1) and N(−7, −3)?

A. 4√5 B. 2√29 C. 29√2 D. 5√4

5) The distance between points M (x, 5) and C (5, −1) is 10 units. What is the
x coordinate of M if it lies in the first quadrant?
A. 7 B. 13 C. −1 D. −3

6) A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 2 km. On the same

map, the coordinates of the point corresponding to San Rafael is (1,4).
Suppose San Quintin is 20 km away from San Rafael. Which of the
following could be the coordinates of the point corresponding to San
Rafael?
A. (17,16) B. (17,10) C. (−15,16) D. (9,10)

7) Point Q is the midpoint of ST. Which of the following is true about ̅̅̅̅
ST?
̅̅̅̅ = QS
A. ST ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ − QT ̅̅̅̅ = 2|QS
C. ST ̅̅̅̅|
̅̅̅̅ + QT
B. ̅̅̅̅ QS + ̅̅̅̅
ST = ̅̅̅̅ QT D. ̅̅̅̅
ST = 2|QS̅̅̅̅ − ̅̅̅̅
QT|

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8) In the equilateral triangle PQR, what are the
coordinates of P?
A. (0, 2a) C. (2a, 0)
B. (0, a√3 ) D. (0, a√2 )

9) Which of the following represents the midpoint M of the segment whose

endpoints are (x1 , y1 ) and (x2, y2 )?

 x  x1 y 2  y1   x  y 2 x1  y1 
A. M   2 ,  C. M   2 , 
 2 2   2 2 

 x  x1 y 2  y1   x  y 2 x1  y1 
B. M   2 ,  D. M   2 , 
 2 2   2 2 

10) Which of the following would give the coordinates of the midpoint of
P(−6,13) and Q(9,6)?
−3 15 −19 3 3 19 −15 7
A. ( 2 , 2 ) B. ( , 2) C. (2 , 2 ) D. ( , 2)
2 2

11) The endpoints of a segment are (−5,2 ) and ( 9, 12 ) respectively. What

are the coordinates of its midpoint?
A. (7, 5) B. (2, 7) C. (4, 14) D. (−14, 10)

12) What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric

properties?
A. Indirect Proof C. Coordinate Proof
B. Direct Proof D. Two-Column Proof

13) What figure is formed when the points K(−2,10), L(8,8), M(6,2), and
N(−4,4) are connected consecutively?
A. Trapezoid B. Square C. Parallelogram D. Rectangle

14) The coordinates of the vertices of a square are H(3, 8), I(15, 8), K(15, –4),
and E(3, –4). What is perimeter of the square?

A. 12 B. 48 C. 12√2 D. 24√2

15) In the parallelogram below, what are the coordinates of Q?

A. (a, b+c) C. (a−b, c)
B. (a+b, c) D. (a, b-c)

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 Distance & Midpoint
Lesson Formula and Coordinate
Proof

REVIEWING DISTANCE
For you to understand the distance formula, midpoint formula and
coordinate proof, you need to recall how to determine the distance between
two points in a number line and the Pythagorean theorem. Hence, do the
following activity.

Activity 1. Answer what is asked. Write your complete solution on your

answer sheet.
1) Use the number line below to find the distance between two specified
points. Letter a was done for you.
A B C

Remember:
The symbol ȁ⬚ȁ
a) A & B = |(-4) – (-1)| = |-3| = 3 units represents absolute
value. It means that
the distance is
b) B & C = ____________________________________ always positive.

c) A & C = _______________________________________

2) Using the coordinate plane below, find the lengths of AB ̅̅̅̅̅, EF

̅̅̅̅, CD ̅̅̅̅, and
̅̅̅̅̅
GH.

Segments Lengths

AB

CD

EF

GH

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3) Given the right triangle ABC (see figure below): If the length of ̅̅̅̅AC = 4
̅̅̅̅. (hint: use
̅̅̅̅̅ = 9 units , find the length of AB
units and the length of CB
the Pythagorean Theorem)

A Pythagorean
Theorem: The square
of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle is equal to
C B the sum of the squares
of its two legs.

INTRODUCING DISTANCE FORMULA

The distance between two points in the coordinate plane is the length
of the segment that joins the two points. From activity 1 problem #2, we found
out that the length of the horizontal segment is obtained by calculating the
difference of the x – coordinates of the two points and the length of the vertical
segment is found by subtracting the y – coordinates of the two points.
However, if the distance between the two points determine a slanted line, then
finding its distance is a bit more complicated.

̅̅̅̅ is
The figure at the right shows that AB
neither vertical nor horizontal. Hence,
finding its length requires the use of the
Pythagorean Theorem. Follow the steps
below to find the length of ̅̅̅̅
AB.
a) Draw a vertical line through point B
and a horizontal line through point A.
Then, name their intersection point C.
b) Notice that a right triangle is formed and segment AB is the hypotenuse.
Therefore, use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of AB̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅̅ )2 + (AC
̅̅̅̅ )2 = (BC
(AB ̅̅̅̅ )2
Since the length of
̅̅̅̅̅
BC = ȁ2 − ( − 3 )| = 5
and the length of
̅̅̅̅ = ȁ − 6 – 6 ȁ = 12
AC

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 then the length of
̅̅̅̅ )2 = 52 + 122
(AB
̅̅̅̅ )2 = 25 + 144
(AB
̅̅̅̅ )2 = 169
(AB
̅̅̅̅ = √169
AB
̅̅̅̅
AB = 13
̅̅̅̅ is 13 units.
Therefore, the length of AB
Supposing the coordinates of point A is (x1 , y1 ) and point B is ( x2, y2 ),
then the distance, d, between point A and point B is

d 2 = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

Rule:
THE DISTANCE FORMULA
The distance, d, between point A (x1 , y1 ) and point B ( x2 , y2 ) is

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

FINDING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

For this part of the module, you will apply distance formula in finding
the distance between two points.

Example 1. Find the distance between the points A (−3, 4) and B ( 5, −2 ).

Solution:
To visualize the segment formed by
points A and B, plot points A and B
on the coordinate plane. See the
figure at the right.

To solve the distance between the

two points, use the distance formula

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

7
Let (x1 , y1 ) = (−3, 4) and (x2 , y2 ) = (5, −2).

Substitute −3 & 4 to x1 & y1 respectively

AB = √[(5 − (−3)]2 + ( − 2 − 4)2
̅̅̅̅ and 5 & −2 to x2 & y2 respectively.

̅̅̅̅ = √(8)2 + (−6)2

AB Simplify.

̅̅̅̅
AB = √64 + 36
̅̅̅̅
AB = √100
̅̅̅̅ = 10
AB Therefore, the distance between A and B is 10 units.

Note: The distance formula can also be used even if two points are on the
same vertical or horizontal lines.

Example 2. The vertices of ∆MLS are M(0, 4), L(−4, −2), and S( 4, −2). Show
that ∆MLS is isosceles.

Solution:
Show the graph of ∆MLS by plotting the given
points. See the figure at the right.

Remember that an isosceles triangle has at

least two congruent sides. Therefore, find the
lengths of all the sides of the triangle using
the distance formula.

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

a) ̅̅̅̅̅
ML

ML = √( − 4 − 0)2 + ( − 2 − 4)2
̅̅̅̅̅ Substitute M(0, 4) & L(−4, −2)

̅̅̅̅̅ = √( − 4)2 + ( − 6)2

ML Simplify.

̅̅̅̅̅ = √16 + 36
ML
̅̅̅̅̅
ML = √52
̅̅̅̅̅ = 2√13
ML ̅̅̅̅̅.
Length of ML

b) ̅̅̅̅
LS
̅̅̅̅̅
LS = √[4 − ( − 4)]2 + [ − 2 − ( − 2)]2 Substitute L(−4, −2) & S(4, −2)

̅̅̅̅̅ = √(8)2 + (0)2

LS Simplify.

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 ̅̅̅̅̅
LS = √64
̅̅̅̅̅
LS = 8 Length of ̅̅̅̅
LS.

c) ̅̅̅̅̅
MS
̅̅̅̅̅̅=√(4 − 0)2 + ( − 2 − 4)2
MS Substitute M(0, 4) & S(4, −2)

̅̅̅̅̅̅=√(4)2 + ( − 6)2
MS Simplify.

̅̅̅̅̅̅=√16 + 36
MS
̅̅̅̅̅
MS = √52
̅̅̅̅̅ = 2√13
MS ̅̅̅̅̅.
Length of MS

Conclusion: Since an isosceles triangle has at least two congruent sides

and the measures of the two sides ̅̅̅̅̅
MS and ̅̅̅̅̅
ML are both equal to 2√13, then
∆MLS is an isosceles triangle.

Try this!

Activity 2. Perform what is asked. Write your complete solution on your

answer sheet.
A) Match the equation from Column A to its corresponding segment from
Column B. Then find the length of each line segment.
Column A Column B

_____1) d = √(−4 − 1)2 + (1 − 6)2

_____2) d = √[−7 − ( − 1)]2 + [ − 1 − ( − 4)]2

_____3) d = √(3 − 2)2 + (5 − 2)2

_____4) d = √(−2 − 7)2 + ( − 2 − 3)2

_____5) d = √(−1 − 5)2 + (3 − 6)2

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 B) Find the perimeter of the triangle shown in the coordinate plane
below. What kind of triangle is formed?

INTRODUCING THE MIDPOINT FORMULA

There are instances wherein you need to find the point that is exactly
halfway between two points. This middle point is called the midpoint. This
midpoint divides the line segment formed by the two points into two equal or
congruent parts. See the illustration below.

A C B Point C is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅

AB . This
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐵
implies that 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ have equal
measures. Therefore, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵.

Now, using the coordinate plane at

the right, find the coordinates of the
̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅̅ and US
midpoint of ML

Since midpoint is a point that is

halfway between two given points,
then we will apply the concept of
average to find the coordinates of
the midpoint of each segment.

In this case,
for ̅̅̅̅̅
ML, For ̅̅̅̅
US,
3 + ( − 5) −2 5 + 5 10
x = = = −1 x= = =5
2 2 2 2
3+3 6 5 + ( − 1) 4
y= = =3 y= = =2
2 2 2 2

Therefore, the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅

ML is Therefore, the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
US is
located at (−1, 3). located at (5, 2).

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 Based from the illustrations and discussions above, we can come up
with the following rule.

Rule:
THE MIDPOINT FORMULA
The coordinates of the midpoint between point A (x1 , y1 ) and point B
(x2 , y2 ) is
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2

FINDING THE MIDPOINT BETWEEN TWO POINTS

For this part of the module, you will apply midpoint formula to find the
coordinates of the midpoint between two points.

Example 1. Find the coordinates of the

midpoint of the line segment AB shown in the
coordinate plane at the right.

Solution:
Identify the coordinates of A and B:
A is at (−2, 2) and B is at (6, 6)

Let (x1 , y1 ) = (−2, 2) and (x2 , y2 )= (6, 6)

Then, substitute the values in the midpoint formula and simplify

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2
−2 + 6 2 + 6
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2

4 8
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2

Midpoint = (2,4 )

Therefore the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

AB is located at (2, 4).

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Example 2. The coordinates of the endpoints of KL ̅̅̅̅ are (−8, −2) and (2, 8),
respectively. What are the coordinates of its midpoint?

Solution:
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , ) Use the midpoint formula.
2 2
−8 + 2 −2 + 8 Substitute −8 & −2 to x1 & y1 respectively
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2 and 2 & 8 to x2 & y2 respectively.

−6 6
Midpoint = ( , ) Simplify.
2 2

Midpoint = (−3, 3 )

̅̅̅̅ is at (−3, 3 ).
Therefore the midpoint of KL

Example 3. M(−6, 5) is the midpoint of OP ̅̅̅̅. If the coordinates of endpoint O

is (12, −7), find the coordinates of endpoint P.

Solution:
Since the coordinates of the midpoint are given, let (x2 , y2 ) be the coordinates
of P.
x1 + x2 y1 + y2 Use the midpoint formula.
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2
Substitute 12 & −7 to x1 & y1 respectively
12 + x2 −7 + y2
( − 6, 5) = ( , ) and equate to the given midpoint (−6, 5).
2 2
Equate the given x – coordinate of the
12 + x2 12 + x2
−6 = midpoint which is −6 to .
2 2

Equate the given y – coordinate of the

−7 + y2 −7 + y2
5= midpoint which is 5 to .
2 2

Solve the two equations:

12 + x2 −7 + y2
−6 = 5=
2 2

−6(2) = 12 + x2 5(2) = −7 + y2

−12 − 12 = x2 10 + 7 = y2

x2 = −24 y2 = 17

Therefore, the coordinates of the endpoint P is (−24, 17).

12
Now, your turn!
Activity 3. Answer the following problems. Show your complete solution on
your answer sheet.
A) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the following line segments
shown in the coordinate plane below:

1) ̅̅̅̅̅
DB

2) ̅̅̅̅̅
BC

̅̅̅̅̅
3) DC

B) Show that point ( −1, −1 ) is the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints

are ( −6, −4 ) and ( 4, 2 ).
̅̅̅̅. If the coordinates of
C) (3, 1) is the coordinates of the midpoint of XY
endpoint X is (4, 7), what are the coordinates of the other endpoint Y?

COORDINATE PROOF
An easier way of proving theorems in geometry is by means of placing a
given geometric figure in a proper position on the coordinate plane. In order
to be successful with coordinate proofs, you must remember the definitions
and properties of the different geometric figures and when to use the different
formulas in algebra like the distance and the midpoint formula. To start with,
look at the different geometric figures on the following coordinate planes.
Observe the distances between two points in each figure:

ABCD is a square because the ∆ABC is an isosceles right

lengths of all its sides are equal to AB and ̅̅̅̅
triangle because ̅̅̅̅ AC are
5 units and all its angles are 90°. both equal to 4 units and
 BAC is a right angle.

13
Let’s have examples.

Example 1. Show that the figure formed when the points A(0, 0), C(2, 3),
E(6, 3) and R(4, 0) are connected consecutively is a parallelogram.

Solution:
a) Plot the points A(0, 0), C(2, 3), E(6, 3)
and R(4, 0) on the coordinate plane.
Then, draw diagonals ̅̅̅̅ AE and ̅̅̅̅
CR and
name their point of intersection as D.
(See figure at the right)

b) The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect

each other. Hence, show that the coordinates of D are the coordinates
AE and ̅̅̅̅
of the midpoints of ̅̅̅̅ CR.
̅̅̅̅.
i. Find the coordinates the midpoint of AE
Let (x1 , y1 ) = (0, 0) and (x2 , y2 )= (6, 3).
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , ) Use the midpoint formula.
2 2

0+6 0+3 Substitute 0 & 0 to x1 & y1 respectively

Midpoint = ( , )
2 2 and 6 & 3 to x2 & y2 respectively.

6 3
Midpoint = ( , ) Simplify.
2 2

Midpoint = (3, 1.5 ) ̅̅̅̅.

The midpoint of AE

ii. Find the coordinates the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

CR.
Let (x1 , y1 ) = (2, 3) and (x2 , y2 )= (4, 0).
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , ) Use the midpoint formula.
2 2

2+4 3+0 Substitute 2 & 3 to x1 & y1 respectively

Midpoint = ( , )
2 2 and 4 & 0 to x2 & y2 respectively.

6 3
Midpoint = ( , ) Simplify.
2 2

Midpoint = (3, 1.5 ) The midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

CR.

Conclusion: Since the diagonals have the same midpoint, then they bisect
each other. Therefore, quadrilateral ACER is a parallelogram.

14
Example 2. Prove that diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Solution:
a) Place rectangle GOLD in the
coordinate plane so that ̅̅̅̅̅
GD coincides
with the x – axis and one of the
endpoints, point G is at the origin as
shown in the diagram. Let the x –
coordinate of points D is a and the y –
coordinate of point L is b. Since points
L and D lie on the same vertical line,
then they have the same x–
coordinates, a. Likewise, points L and O lie on the same horizontal line,
then they have the same y-coordinates, b.

b) To prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent, show that ̅̅̅̅
GL
̅̅̅̅̅
and OD have the same lengths.

i. Find the length of GL ̅̅̅̅ using the distance formula.

Let (x1 , y1 ) = (0, 0) and (x2 , y2 ) = (a, b).

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 Use the distance formula.

̅̅̅̅̅=√(a − 0)2 + (b − 0)2 Substitute 0 & 0 to x1 & y1 respectively

GL
and a & b to x2 & y2 respectively.

̅̅̅̅̅=√a2 + 𝑏 2
GL Length of ̅̅̅̅
GL.

ii. Find the length of OD ̅̅̅̅̅ using the distance formula.

Let (x1 , y1 ) = (0, b) and (x2 , y2 ) = (a, 0).

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 Use the distance formula.

̅̅̅̅̅̅=√(a − 0)2 + (0 − b)2 Substitute 0 & b to x1 & y1 respectively

OD
and a & 0 to x2 & y2 respectively.

̅̅̅̅̅̅=√a2 + 𝑏 2
OD ̅̅̅̅̅.
Length of OD

Conclusion: Since GL ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅

OD are both equal to √a2 + 𝑏 2 , then the
̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅
diagonals GL OD of rectangle GOLD are congruent.

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Example 3. ΔFCE is an isosceles triangle
and B is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅CE. Find the (__, b)
missing coordinates of Point F and point B.
See the figure at the right.
Solution:
a) Finding the coordinates of B. (0, 0) ( __, __ ) (6a, 0)
̅̅̅̅ is 6a units and B is
The length of CE
the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
CE. This implies that
point B is halfway from point C and point E and the length of ̅̅̅̅̅
CB is 3a
units. Thus, the coordinates of B is (3a, 0).
b) Finding the coordinates of F.
Since points B and F lie on the same vertical line, then they have the
same x-coordinates. Therefore, the coordinates of F is (3a, b).

Your turn!
Activity 4. Answer the following problems. Show your complete solution on
your answer sheet.
A) Supply the missing coordinates of the following figures without
introducing any new letters.
Hint: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent. The two non-parallel sides of
an isosceles trapezoid are congruent. All sides of rhombus are equal in lengths.

1) COME is a parallelogram 2) ΔRTS is a right triangle with

right  RTS. V is the midpoint of
RS.

2) WISE is an isosceles trapezoid. 4. TOPS is a square.

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B) Prove the following theorems using coordinate proof.
1) The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
̅̅̅̅̅≅ QR
(Hint: Draw trapezoid PQRS with opposite sides PS ̅̅̅̅̅ on the Cartesian
PR and ̅̅̅̅
plane, then show that the diagonals ̅̅̅̅ QS are congruent.)

2) The midpoint of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle is

equidistant to the vertices of the triangle.
(Hint: Draw an isosceles right triangle HOE with O at the origin and the two
̅̅̅̅̅, then
sides coincides with the x and y – axis. Assign P as the midpoint of HE
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
show that line segments OP, PH, and PE are congruent.)

APPLICATION: SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS

We can appreciate more the concepts of distance and midpoint formula
if we can apply it in solving real-life situations. At this stage you have
mastered how to use the formulas and some basic concepts in geometry. So,
let us solve some worded problems.

Example 1. A tracking device in a car indicates that it is located at a point

whose coordinates are (17, 14). In the tracking device, each unit on the grid
is equivalent to 5 km. How far is the car from its starting point whose
coordinates are ( 1, 2 ).

Solution: Let the starting point (1, 2) be (x1, y1 ) and the endpoint (17, 14) be
(x2, y2 ).

d = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 Use the distance formula.

d = √(17-1)2 + (14 − 2)2 Substitute 1 & 2 to x1 & y1

respectively and 17 & 14 to x2
& y2 respectively. Then,
d = √162 + 122 simplify.
d = √256 + 144
d = √400
d = 20 The distance between the two points.

Conclusion: Since each unit is equal to 5 km, and the distance between the
two points is 20 units, then the distance from the starting point to the
tracking device is 5 × 20 = 100 km.

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Example 2: A new transmission tower will be put up midway between two
existing towers. On a map drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of
the first existing tower are (–5, –3) and the coordinates of the second existing
tower are (9,13). What are the coordinates of the point where the new tower
will be built?

Solution:
Let (x1, y1 ) = (−5, − 3 ) and (x2, y2 ) = (9, 13)

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = ( , ) Use the midpoint formula.
2 2

−5 + 9 −3 + 13 Substitute -5 & −3 to x1 &

Midpoint = ( , ) y1 respectively and 9 & 13
2 2
to x2 & y2 respectively.
4 10
Midpoint = ( , ) Simplify.
2 2

Midpoint = (2, 5 ) The midpoint between the

two points.

Conclusion: The new transmission tower will be built on the point whose
coordinates are (2, 5).

Your Turn !
Activity 5: Solve the following problems.

1) Diana, Jolina, and Patricia live in

three different places. The location of
their houses are shown on the
coordinate plane at the right. If each
unit on the grid is equivalent to 2 km,
how far is Diana’s house from Jolina’s
house? If your house is located midway
between Jolina’s and Patricia’s house,
what are its coordinates?

2) The length of MN ̅̅̅̅̅ = 15 units. Suppose the coordinates of M are (9, –7) and
the coordinates of N are (x, 2). What are the coordinates of the midpoint
̅̅̅̅̅ if N lies in the second quadrant? (hint: use the distance formula to find
of MN
for x).

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GENERALIZATION

Activity 6. Summarize and reflect what you have learned by completing

the following phrases. Add two or more sentence.

1) I can state the distance formula as __________________________________.

2) I can apply the distance formula in solving word problems like _______.
3) I can define the midpoint of a line segment as a point_________________.
4) I can state the midpoint formula as __________________________________.
5) I can say that to use coordinate proof we ____________________________.

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

Activity 7. Solve the following problems.

1) The coordinates of the endpoints of ST are (−2,3) and (3,y),

respectively. Suppose the distance between S and T is 13 units. What
value/s of y would satisfy the given condition?
2) A study shed will be constructed midway between two school
buildings. On a school map drawn on a coordinate plane, the
coordinates of the first building are (10, 30) and the coordinates of
the second building are (170,110).
a) Why do you think the study shed will be constructed midway
between the two school buildings?
b) What are the coordinates of the point where the study shed
will be constructed?
c) How far would the study shed be from each school building?
3) The segments joining the
midpoints of consecutive
sides of an isosceles trapezoid
HOME form a rhombus, with
HE ≅ OM. P, Q, R, and S are
the midpoints of the sides of
the trapezoid.
Prove: Quadrilateral PQRS is a
rhombus.

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POST ASSESSMENT
DIRECTION: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the correct
answer and write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
1) If P(x1 , y1 ) and R(x2, y2 ) lie on the same vertical line, what is the distance
between these two points?
A) x2 − x1 B) y2 − y1 C) x2 − y1 D) y2 − x1

2) Refer to the figure at the right. Which of the

following gives the length of ̅̅̅̅
PQ?
A. |−2 – 5| B. |8 – 5|
C. |8 – 2| D. |−2 – 8|

3) Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points
(x1,y1) and (x2 ,y2 )?

A) d  x2  y 2 2  x1  y1 2 B) d  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2

C) d  x2  y 2 2  x1  y1 2 D) d  x2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2

4) What is the distance between the points M(−3,1) and N(7, −3)?

A) 4√2 B) 4√29 C) 2√21 D) 2√29

5) What is the perimeter of an equilateral triangle whose two of its vertices

are located at (−5, 0) and (−2, −3)?
A) 3 B) 3√2 C) 9 D) 9√2

For item #s 6 and 7, use the figure at the right.

6) What is the length of ̅̅̅̅
DS ? (one grid equals one unit)
A) 2 units B) 8 units
C) 10 units D) 14 units
̅̅̅̅?
7) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of DS
A) (1, 0) B) (0, 1) C) (0, −1) D) (−1, 0)
8) Point L is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅
KM . Which of the following is true about the
distances among points K, L, and M?
̅̅̅̅ = LM
A) KL ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ + KL
B) KM ̅̅̅̅ = LM
̅̅̅̅̅

C) ̅̅̅̅
KL − ̅̅̅̅̅
KM = ̅̅̅̅̅
LM D) ̅̅̅̅̅
KM + L̅̅̅̅
M = ̅̅̅̅
KL

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9) Which of the following represents the midpoint M of the segment whose
endpoints are (x1 , y1 ) and (x2, y2 )?

 x  x2 y1  y 2   x  y1 x2  y 2 
A) M   1 ,  B) M   1 , 
 2 2   2 2 

 x  x2 y1  y 2   x  y x  y2 
C) M   1 ,  D) M   1 1 , 2 
 2 2   2 2 

10) What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints
are (−1, −3) and (11, 7)?
A) (2, 5) B) (6, 5) C) (-5, -2) D) (5, 2)

11) What are the coordinates of point P, if the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

AP is (3, 4) and
the other endpoint A is (3, 0)?
A) (3,2) B) (3, 4) C) (3,8) D) (6, 4)
12) A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 1 km. On the same
map, the coordinates of the point corresponding to San Vicente is (4, 9).
Suppose San Vicente is 6 km south of San Luis. Which of the following
could be the coordinates of the point corresponding to San Luis?
A) (−2, 3) B) (4, 3) C) (−2, 9) D) (−6, 9)

13) The coordinates of the vertices of a square are H(3, 8), I(15, 8), K(15, –4),
and E(3, –4). What is the length of the diagonals of the square?
A) 4 B) 8 C) 12 D) 12√2

14) What figure is formed when the points A(3, 7), B(11, 10), C(11, 5), and
D(3, 2) are connected consecutively?
A) parallelogram B) trapezoid
C) square D) rectangle

15) To prove that quadrilateral LOVE is a rectangle, which of the following

must be proven?
A) ̅̅̅̅
LO ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
OV B) ̅̅̅̅
LE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
EV LV ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
C) ̅̅̅̅ OE LV ≅ ̅̅̅̅
D) ̅̅̅̅ LO

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REFERENCES
Tourist Spot of Baguio, Retrieved from guidetothephilippines.ph
Distance Formula. Retrieved from Math 10_LM_U2.pdf
Midpoint Formula. Retrieved from Math 10_LM_U2.pdf
Coordinate Proof. Retrieved from Math 10_LM_U2.pdf
Distance Formula. Retrieved from TG_Mathemathics 10_Q2.pdf
Midpoint Formula. Retrieved from TG_Mathemathics 10_Q2.pdf
Coordinate Proof. Retrieved from TG_Mathemathics 10_Q2.pdf
E-MATH Worktext in Mathematics Copyright 2015 by Rex Bookstore
Geometry

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