Guided Notes

Chapter 4
Quadratic Functions and Equations

Unit Essential Questions

What are the advantages of a quadratic function in vertex form?

How is any quadratic function related to the parent quadratic function

y = x2?

How are the real solutions of a quadratic equation related to the graph
of the related quadratic function?
 Section 4.1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations
Students will be able to identify and graph quadratic functions
Warm Up
Evaluate each function for x = -3 and 3.
1. ƒ (x) = x 2. ƒ (x) = x2 3. ƒ (x) = –x 4. ƒ (x) = –x2

Key Concepts
___________________________ - a function that can be written in the standard form
f(x)=ax²+bx+c, where a ≠ 0
_______________________ - the graph of a quadratic function

Vertex form of a Quadratic Function

y = a ( x – h )2 + k

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
Examples
1. Graph the function f(x) = x2 – 5. How is the graph a translation of the graph of the parent
function f(x) = x2?

2. Graph the function f(x) = -3x2. How is the graph a translation of the graph of the parent
function f(x) = x2?

3. For f(x) = 3(x – 4)2 – 2, what are the vertex, the axis of symmetry, the maximum or
minimum value, and the domain and the range?

4. For f(x) = -2(x + 3)2 + 1, what are the vertex, the axis of symmetry, the maximum or
minimum value, and the domain and the range?

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.2 Part 1: Standard Form of a Quadratic Function
Students will be able to graph quadratic functions written in standard form
Warm Up

Find the slope and y-intercept of the graph of each function.

1. y = 3x + 3 2. y = –2x – 1 3. 3x + 2y = 6

Key Concepts
Steps to Graph Quadratic Equations in Standard Form:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Examples
1. Graph x2 – 4x - 4 using a table of values.
Find the axis of symmetry, vertex, and the maximum or minimum value. (Use a dotted line to
graph the axis of symmetry)

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 2.
Solve the system by substitution. Graph x2 – 6x + 5 using a table of values.
Find the axis of symmetry, vertex, and the maximum or minimum value. (Use a dotted line
to graph the axis of symmetry)

3. Sketch the parabola using the given information: vertex (3, 6) and the point (0,2) on the
graph.

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.2 Part 2: Standard Form of a Quadratic Function
Students will be able to write quadratic functions in standard form
Warm Up

Find the vertex of the graph of each function.

1. y = | x |+ 5 2. y = | x + 7 |- 3

Key Concepts

Vertex Form of a Quadratic Function

y = a ( x – h )2 + k

Steps to Graph Quadratic Equations in Vertex Form:

1.

2.

3.

Examples
1. Write y = –x2 + 4x – 5 in vertex form.

2. Write y = 2x2 + 12x + 7 in vertex form.

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.4 Part 1: Factoring Quadratic Expressions
Students will be able to factor using greatest common factor
Warm Up
Multiply
1. 3(x – 2) 2. x(x - 9) 3. (x + 5)(x – 9) 4. x2(x2 - 4x + 5)

Key Concepts

_______________ - rewriting an expression as the product of its factors. (un-distributing)

________________________ – the largest quantity that is a factor of all the integers or
polynomials involved.

Examples
1. Find the GCF of each list of numbers.
a. 12 and 8 b. 7 and 20

2. Find the GCF of each list of terms.

a. x3 and x7 b. 6x5 and 4x3

3. Factor.
a. 15x2 + 100 b. 8m2 + 4m c. 3x2 + 6x

4. Factor out the GCF in each of the following polynomials.

a. 6x3 – 9x2 + 12x b. 14x3y + 7x2y – 7xy

5. Factor out the GCF in each of the following polynomials.

a. 6(x + 2) – y(x + 2) b. xy(y + 1) – (y + 1)

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.4 Part 2: Factoring Quadratic Expressions
Students will be able to factor using grouping
Warm Up
Factor out the GCF.
1. x(x + 2) – 3(x + 2) 2. x2(x – 1) + (x – 1) 3. 4x(y + 12) + (y + 12)

Key Concepts

____________________________ – factor a polynomial by grouping the terms of the

polynomial and looking for common factors.

Factoring by Grouping (4 terms)

ax + ay + bx + by = a(x + y) + b(x + y) = (a + b)(x + y)

Examples
1. Factor x3 + 2x2 – 3x – 6.

2. Factor x3 + 4x + x2 + 4.

3. Factor 2x3 – x2 – 10x + 5.

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.4 Part 3: Factoring Quadratic Expressions
Students will be able to factor a trinomial with leading coefficient = 1
Warm Up
Multiply.
1. (x + 2)(x – 5) 2. (y – 7)(x – 1) 3. (x + y)(2x – y)

Key Concepts

Factoring Trinomials with Leading Coefficient = 1

1.

2.

3.

Examples
1. Factor
a. x2 + 10x + 24 b. x2 – 4x – 12 c. x² – 14x + 33

2. Factor
a. 2x2 + 6x –56. b. -t² + 6t – 5

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2
 Section 4.4 Part 4: Factoring Quadratic Expressions
Students will be able to factor a trinomial with leading coefficient ≠ 1
Warm Up

Write 2 different expressions that have a factor of (x + 6).

Key Concepts
Steps for Factoring with a Leading Coefficient ≠ 1
1.

2.

3.

Examples
1. Factor: 5x2 - 13x + 6

2. Factor: 2x2 + 9x – 5

3. Factor: 5x² + 28x + 32

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.4 Part 5: Factoring Quadratic Expressions

Students will be able to factor special quadratic expressions
Warm Up
Multiply
1. (2x – 7)(2x – 7) 2. (4x + 3)(4x – 3)

Key Concepts

Special Cases
Perfect Square Trinomial
a + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)(a + b) = (a + b)2
2

Or
a - 2ab + b = (a – b)(a – b) = (a - b)2
2 2

Difference of Two Square

a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)

Examples
1. Factor: x2 + 10x + 25

2. Factor x2 - 18x + 81

3. Factor: x² – 16

4. Factor 25x² – 121

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.5: Quadratic Equations

Students will be able to solve a quadratic equation by factoring
Warm Up
Factor.
1. x2 + 5x – 14 2. 4x2 – 12x 3. 9x2 – 16

Key Concepts

Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation

ax² + bx + c = 0

Zero-Product Property

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

____________________ - a solution of a quadratic equation. The x-intercepts of the parabola.

Examples
1. Solve by factoring x2 – 5x + 6 = 0

2. Solve by factoring 3x2 – 20x – 7 = 0

3. Solve by factoring x2 – 18 = 3x

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.6 Part 1: Completing the Square

Students will be able to solve perfect square trinomial equations
Warm Up
 Simplify:
1. (2x – 1)(2x – 1) 2. (x + 4)(x + 4) – 3

Examples
1. Solve by finding the square roots.
a. 3x2 - 5 = 7 b. 4x2 + 10 = 46

Key Concepts

__________________________________- the product you obtain when you square a binomial.

Examples

2. What are the solutions to x2 + 4x + 4 = 25?

3. What are to solutions of x2 – 14x + 49 = 81?

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.6 Part 2: Completing the Square

Students will be able to solve equations by completing the square
Warm Up
Solve:
1. 2x2 = 72 2. 6x2 = 54

Key Concepts
___________________________________ - the process of finding the last term of a
perfect square trinomial.
x² + bx + (b/2)² = (x + (b/2))²

Examples
1. Find the missing value to complete the square.

a. x2 + 20x b. x2 + 18x

Key Concepts
Step to solving by completing the square
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Examples
2. Solve x2 + 6x - 12 = 0.

3. Solve 2x2 + 8x – 2 = 0.

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.7: The Quadratic Formula

Students will be able to solve quadratic equations using the quadratic formula
Warm Up
 Write each quadratic in standard form.
1. y = 8 – 10x2 2. y = (x + 2)2 – 1

Key Concepts

The Quadratic Formula

Examples
1. Use the Quadratic Formula to solve 3x2 + 23x + 40 = 0.

2. Solve 3x2 + 2x = 4

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.8 Part 1: Complex Numbers

Students will be able to perform operations with complex numbers
Warm Up
Simplify.
Key Concepts

____________ - the imaginary number that is defined as the number whose square is -1.
_________ = -1

Examples
1. Simplify.

2. Simplify (3 + 6i) – (4 – 8i).

3. Find each product.

a) (3i)(8i) b) (3 – 7i )(2 – 4i )

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2

Section 4.8 Part 2: Complex Numbers

Students will be able to find complex number solutions of quadratic equations
Warm Up

2
 Solve 2x 32 0

Examples
1. Solve 9x2 + 54 = 0

2. Solve x2 + 5 = 4x

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Quadratic Functions and Equations – Algebra 2