VERTOS ADDA

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

(Just For Practice Reference)

 VERTOS ADDA Presents the practice

questions for ETE. It also contains some
previous year questions

UNIT I DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

TOPIC 1.1 REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS

1. nth derivative of Sinh(x)
is a) 0.5(ex – e-x)
b) 0.5(e-x – ex)
c) 0.5(ex – (-1)n e-x)
d) 0.5((-1)-n e-x -ex)

Answer: c
Explanation: Y =
Sinh(x) Y = 0.5[ex – e-
x].

y1 = 0.5 [ex – (-1)e-x].

y2 = 0.5 [ex – (-1)2 e-x].
Similarly,
yn = 0.5 [ex – (-1)n e-x].

2. If y=log(x (x2 – 1)), then nth derivative of y

is ? a) (-1)(n-1) (n-1)!(x(-n) + (x-1)(-n) +
(x+1)(-n))
b) (-1)n (n)! (x(-n-1) + (x-1)(-n-1) + (x+1)(-n-1))
c) (-1)(n+1) (n+1)!(x(-n) + (x-1)(-n) + (x+1)(-n))
d) (-1)n(n)! (x(-n-1) + (x-1)(-n+1) + (x+1)(-n+1))
1
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: a
Explanation: Y=log(x) – log(x2 –
1) y1 = x(-1)-2x/(x2-1)

2
 VERTOS ADDA

y1 = x(-1)-(x-1)(-1) + (x+1)(-1)
yn = (-1)(n-1) (n-1)!(x(-n)-(x-1)(-n) + (x+1)(-n)).

3. If x = a(Cos(t) + t2) and y = a(Sin(t) + t2 + t3) then dy/dx

equals to a) (Cos(t) + 3t2 + 2t) / (-Sin(t) + 2t)
b) (Sin(t) + 3t2 + 2t) / (-Cos(t) + 2t)
c) (Sin(t) + 3t2 + 2t) / (Cos(t) + 2t)
d) (Cos(t) + 3t2 + 2t) / (Sin(t) + 2t)

Answer: a
Explanation: dx/dt = a(-Sin(t) +
2t) dy/dt = a(Cos(t) + 2t + 3t2)
Then,
dy/dx = (Cos(t) + 3t2+2t)/(-Sin(t) + 2t).

4. If y=tan(-1)(x) , then which one is correct ?

a) y3 + y12 + 4xy2y1=0
b) y3 + y12 + xy2y1=0
c) y3 + 2y12 + xy2y1=0
d) y2 + 2y1 2 + 4xy2 y1 =0

Answer: d
Explanation: y=tan-1(x)
y1 = 1+1x 2
−22x 2 2 2 2 2
y
=2 (1+x ()1+x ) −4x (1+x )
y3 = −2[ (1+x2)4
]
2
1 (4x )
y = −2[ − ]
3 1+(x2) 2
(1+x2)3
1
2
y3 + 2y + 4xy2y1 (xnm)
dndx

=0
5. What is the value of for m<n, m=n, m>n?
a) 0, n!, x(m-n)
mPn
(m-n)
b) mPn x , n!, 0
c) 0, n!, x(m-n)
mCn
(m-n)
d) mCn x , n!, 0

Answer: a
Explanation: For, m > n
dn−1(xm−1 n−2
(xm−2 )
dn(xnm)
dx
=m ) dxn−1
= m(m − 1) d =……..
dxn−2

3
 VERTOS ADDA
Since m>n, m-n=0 hence this cycle will moves upto (m-n) times and at last

4
 VERTOS ADDA

(xnm)
dndx
Hence,
= m(m − 1)(m − 2) …. (m − (n − 1))xm−n
dn(xnm)
dx = n x(m−n)...................... (1)
mP
For m=n, from equation 1,
dn(xnn) = nPn (n−n) = n!
dx x
From m<n, from equation 1,
dn(xnm)
dx (m−n)
= m Pn x = 0 (Because,
n
= 0 for m<n)
mP
6. Which of the following is true
a) Value of is always positive for m=0, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9… for 0 < nx and n<0
dxm
dm(Sin(nx)) < π2
b) Value of is always positive for m=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11… for 0 < nx and n>0
dxm
dm(Sin(nx)) < π2
c) Value of is always positive for m=0, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9… for 0 < nx and n>0
dx
dm(Sinm(nx)) < π2
d) Value dm(Sinm(nx))
dx
is always positive for m=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11… for 0 < nx < π 2 and
of n<0

Answer:
c
Explanation: Here,
d(Sin(nx)) = nCos(nx) ................... (m=1)
dx
d2(S in2(nx)
3( dx
= −n2Sin(nx) ......... (m=2)
)d
Sin(3nx)
dx
= −n3Cos(nx) ........ (m=3)
d4()
Sdinx(4nx) = n4Sin(nx) ……(m=4)
)
m os( nx) m = 1,5,9,….
nm C
d (Sidnx(m
m
nx)) −n Sin(nx) m = 2,6,10…
−nmCos(nx) m = 3, 7, 11 … . .
So the value
of
= ⎨
nmSin(nx) m = 4,8,12….
Hence, for n>0 and 0<nx<(π)/2 dm(Sinm(nx))
dx
is positive only when m = 1,4,5,8,9,…..
only otherwise negative.
7. If nth derivative of eax sin(bx+c) cos(bx+c) is, eax rn sin(bx+c+nα 2) cos(bx+c+nα 2)
then,

a) r = √a2 + b2, α = tan−1 b

a

b) r = √a2 + 4b2,α = tan−1 2b

4b
c) r = √√a2 2+ 8b2 , α = tan −1
d) r = a + 16b2, α = tan−1a 4b
5
 VERTOS ADDA
Answer: b a
ax
Explanation: y = e sin(bx+c)
cos(bx+c) y = eax sin2(bx+c)/2
yn = eax rn sin(2(bx+c+nα/2))/2
yn = eax rn sin(bx+c+nα/2) cos(bx+c+nα/2)

6
 VERTOS ADDA
where
r = √a2 +44b2, α = tan-12b/a.
8. If y= x -1, then?
a) 0.5*(-1)n (n-1)! [(x-1)-n-1 + (x+1)-n-1]
b) 0.5*(x-1)n2 (n-1)! [x– n-1 + (x-1)-n-1 + (x+1)-n-1]
c) 0.5*(-1)n (n-1)! [(x-1)-n + (x+1)-n)]
d) 0.5*(-1)n (n-1)! [x-n + (x-1)-n + (x+1)-n]
Answer: a
x2
Explanation: y= x2 + x2−
1
y=x+ 2 1 +1
x2−1
y = x2 + 1+ ( x−1)(1x+1)
y = x2 + 1 + 0.5[ 1
− 1
]
(x−1) (x+1)

yn = 0.5 ∗ (−1)n(n − 1)![(x − 1)−n−1 + (x + 1)−n−1]

9. If y=sin(-1)(x) then select the true statement.
a) y2 = xy13
b) y3 = xy2 3
c) y2 = xy12
d) y3 = xy1 2

En
A xpsw
laenra:taion: y=sin-1(x)
y= √12
3
y
=21 (1 x2)3/ =x xy
2 1−−xx

(1−x2)3/2 1
y2
=
10. nth derivative of y = sin2x cos3x is
a) 1 8 cos(x + nπ 2) –1 16 5n cos(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 3n cos(3x + nπ 2)
b) 1 8 sin(x+nπ 2) –1 16 5n cos(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 3n cos(3x + nπ 2)
c) 1 8 cos(x+nπ 2) –1 16 5n sin(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 3n sin(3x + nπ 2)
d) 1 8 sin(x + nπ 2) –1 16 5n sin(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 3n sin(3x + nπ 2)

Answer: a
Explanation: y = sin2x cos2x
cos(x) y = 1 4 sin22x cos2x cos(x)
y = 1 8 (2sin22x) cos(x)

7
 VERTOS ADDA

y = 1 8 (1 – cos4x)
cos(x) y = 1 8 (1 –
cos4x) cos(x)
y = 1 8 cos(x) – 1 8 cos4x cos(x)
y = 1 8 cos(x) – 1 16 (cos5x + cos(3x))
Now, nth derivative is
yn = 1 8 cos(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 5n cos(x + nπ 2) – 1 16 3n cos(3x + nπ 2).
2
In+2−2nnInI+1+n In d22
In=enxTan(x), and (1+x2)
n−I
11. If =c 1+
dx
a) 1
b) 2 ( 1 ), Then value of ‘c’ equals to
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: a
Explanation:
In=enxTan(x)
⇨In+1=nexnTan(x) + exn/(1+x2)
⇨In+1=nIn + exn/(1+x2)
⇨I =nI + nenx – 2xenx
n+2 n+1 1+x2 (1+x2)2
⇨I =nI + n[I +1-nI ] – 2xenx
n+2 n+12 n n (1+x2)2
In+2−2nnInI+1+n In
n−I
⇨ 2 dx2
= (1 + x2 ) d ( 1+), Hence c=1.
1 (1+?
x2)
12. Nth derivative of
a) (-1)nn! r-n-1 Sin(n+1)ϑ
b) (-1)n(n)! r-n-1 Sin(-n-1)ϑ
c) (-1)n+1(n+1)! r-n-1 Sin(n+1)ϑ
d) (-1)n+1(n+1)! r-n-1 Sin(-n-1)ϑ

Answer: a
Explanat1ion: Here,
Y = ( x1+i)(x−i)
Y=2
ni(x−i) – 2i(x1+i)
y = −1 n! [(x − i)−n−1 − (x + i)−n−1 ]
n 2i
put x=rc nos ϑ and y=rsinϑ, we get
(−1) n!
y= [(re−iθ)−n−1 − (reiθ)−n−1] (By Eulers Identity)
n 2i
(−1)nn!r−n−1 iθ(n+1) −iθ(n+1)
y
n= 2i [e −e ]

yn = (−1)nn!r−n−1Sin((n + 1)ϑ)
13. Find nth derivative of y = Sin(x) Cos3(x)
a) (1/4) 2nSin(2x+nπ/2) + (1/8) 4nSin(4x+nπ/2)
8
 VERTOS ADDA

b) (1/4) 2nCos(2x+nπ/2) + (1/8) 4nSin(4x+nπ/2)

c) (1/4) 2nSin(2x+nπ/2) + (1/8) 4nCos(4x+nπ/2)
d) (1/4) 2nCos(2x+nπ/2) + (1/8) 4nCos(4x+nπ/2)

Answer: a
Explanation: y = Sin(x)
Cos3(x) y = (1/2)[2Sin(x)
Cos(x)] Cos2(x)
y = (1/4)Sin(2x)(Cos(2x)+1)
y = (1/4)[Sin(2x)Cos(2x)+Sin(2x)] y = (1/8)Sin(4x) +
(1/4)Sin(2x) Hence nth derivative of y is
Yn = (1/4) 2nSin(2x+nπ/2) + (1/8) 4nSin(4x+nπ/2)

14. If nth derivative of y = x(+1)(xx+2) is yn = a(-1)n+! n! (x+1)-n-1 + b(-1)nn!(x+2)-n-1 then

find the value of a and
b. a) -1, -2
b) 2, 1
c) 1, 2
d) -2, -1

Answer: c x
Explanation: y = x+1)(
( x+2)
(−1)
y= +(2x+2)
(x+1)

y = (-1)(-1)nn!(x+1)-n-1 + 2(-1)nn!(x+2)-n-1
y = (-1)n+1n!(x+1)-n-1 + 2(-1)nn!(x+2)-n-1
Hece, a=1 and b=2.

TOPIC 1.2 LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

121.−x5 .1y3 3
1. Find 2

lt(x,y)→(0,0) y+(x) 3

a) ∞
b) 0
c) Does Not
Exist
d) 121 3

Answer: c
Explanation: Put x 3=13t : y = a.t 2 we have
−5
=lt (x, y)→(0,0

) =lt(x,y)→(0,0)

=lt(x,y)→(0,0
)
9
 VERTOS ADDA
121.t .(at 2 ) 3
3 3
t 2 +t 2
13
121.at 3.t 3
3 2
2
13
2.t
121.at 3

10
 VERTOS ADDA

By varying a we get different limits along different

paths Hence, Does Not Exist is the right answer.
2. Find lt y6
(x,y)→(0,0) x10y2+x15
a) 0
b) 1
c) Does Not exist
d) ∞

Answer: c
5
Explanation: Put5 Put x = t : y = a.t 2 we have
=lt (a.t 2 6)
5
(x,y)→(0,0 10 2 15
t .(a.t 2 ) +t a6
)
=lt(x,y)→(0,0) a2+1
By varying a we get different limits along different paths
Hence, Does Not exist is the right answer.
sec(y).sin(x) x
3. Find lt(x,y)→(0,0)
a) ∞
b) 1 2
c) 1
d) 1 3

Answer: c
Explanation: Treating limits separately we
sin(x) * lt
have lt(x, y)→(0, 0) x (x, y)→(0,0) sec(y)
=1*1
= 1.
4. Find lt x3−y3
(x,y)→(0,0) (x−y)

a) -1 2
b) 0
c) ∞
d) -90
Answer: b
Explanation: Simplifying
2 2
the expression we have
(x−y)(x(x+ y)+y )
−xy
lt(x,y)→(0,0 (x2+x1y+y2)
)
=(02+0.0+02)

lt(x,y)→(0,0 x+y−1
)
= 0.
5. Find lt( x,y)→(0,1)
√x+y−1
a) 9

11
 VERTOS ADDA

b) 0
c) 6
d) 2

Answer: d
Explanation: Sim 2 plifying the expression we have
(√x+ )−(1)2 (√x+y+1).(√x+y−1)
=lt(x,y)→(0,1) √ y = lt( ,x)→y (0,1)
x+y−1 √x+y−1
=lt(x,y)→(0,1 (√x + y + 1) √1 +
) = 1
=2
x3+3xy2−xy2
6. Find x2+xy
lt(x,y)→(0,0)
a) 0
b) ∞
c) 1
d) -1

Answer: a
Explana3 tio3n: Con2 ve2rting into Polar fo2rm2 we h2av2e 2
r .cos (θ))+3(r .cos (θ))(r.sin(θ))−(r.cos(θ))(r .sin (θ)) (r cos (θ))+r sin(θ)cos(θ)
=ltr→0
=lt r3
×( cos3(θ)+3(cos2(θ))(sin(θ))−(cos(θ))(sin2(θ))
r2→0
)
3
)+3( cos θ))( θ cos θ )) (cos2(θ))+sin(θ)cos(θ)
r c2os(2θ(θ
(cos ) )+sin(θ)cos(θ)
( sin( ) )− ( ( ))(sin2(θ
=ltr→0 (r) × ( )
=0 sinx(y)

7. Find
lt(x,y)→(0,0)
a) 1
b) 0
c) ∞
d) Does Not
Exist

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x = t : y = at
= ltt→0 sin(at) sin(at) at
t
= lt =a×
sin(aatt) ltt→0
= a t→
* 0(1)a =× a
By varying a we get different limits
Hence, Does Not Exist is the right answer.
8. Find lt( (∑x−1 sin( a ). sin(y))
a) 1
x,y)→(∞,0) a=1 x
b) -1
c) ∞
d) Does not Exist
12
 VERTOS ADDA

En
A xpswlaenra:tdion: Multiplying and dividing by we have
lt(x,y)→(∞,0)(sin(y)) × (∑x−1a=1 sin( a ))x
lt x y
( , )→(∞,0) (x. sin(y)))××lltt(x,y)→(∞, 0) ∑
x−1 x

, )→(∞, 0 )
a
( =1
1=
a x
))
x

xy 1 (x y x− sin( )
sinx(y) a
1 (a)
sinx
Put z=1/x : as x → ∞ : z → 0
Consider one part of the limit
= lt(x,y)→(0,0) sinz(y)
Put : y = t : z = a1t
= lt sin(t) = lt sin(t)
t→0 at a t→0 t
=a a
1 × 1 =1.
y7x98−x97y8+x105
9. Find
lt(x,y)→(0,0) xy7+x8
a) Does Not
Exist
b) 0
c) 1
d) ∞

Answer: b
Explanation: 7Put7 x =97r.sin8(ϴ) 10
5 105 7 7 8
=9r8.co9s8(ϴ) :9y7 8
(r .sin (θ))(r .sin (θ))−(r .cos (θ))(r .sin (θ))+(r .cos (θ)) (r.cos(θ)(r .sin (θ))+(r .cos(θ))
=lt(x,y)→(0,0)
(sin7(θ))(sin98(θ))−(cos97(θ))(sin8(θ))+(cos105(θ)) (cos(θ)(sin7(θ))+(cos(θ))
r105
= (x,y)→(0,0) r8 l×t
(r7
9 (sin7(θ))(sin98(θ))−(cos97(θ))(sin8(θ))+(cos105(θ))
)×
=lt(x,y)→(0,0)
=0 (cos(θ)(sin7(θ))+(cos(θ))

10. Find lt sin(y)

a) 0
(x,y)→(0,0) xn
b) ∞
c) 1
d) Does Not Exist

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x = at : y = t
= ltt→0 sainn.(1ttn sin(t)
)
= lt
t→0 antn−1 t
By varying n we get different limits
Hence, Does Not Exist is the right
answer.
sin(sin(y)) xn
11. Find lt(x,y)→(0,0)
13
 VERTOS ADDA
a) Does not Exist
b) 0

14
 VERTOS ADDA

c) ∞
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation: Put x = at : y = t
= lt t→0 ×
sin(sin(t))
t

antn1−1

= ltt→0 1 × (1)
antn−1
By varying n we get different values of limits.
tan(y) x
12. Find = lt(x,y)→(0,0)
a) ∞
b) 1
c) 1 2
d) Does Not Exist

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x = t : y = at
=ltt→0 tan(at
× )t
=ltt→0
=a (a) × tan(at at
)
By varying the value of a we get different limits.
sinh(x)×sinh(y)×sinh(z) xyz
13. Find
lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0)
sinhy(y) sinh(z) z
a) 1
b) ∞
c) 0
d) 990

En
A xpsw
laenra:taio ×lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0 ×lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0)
n: sinhx(x
)
)

=lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0
)
=1*1*1
= 1.
sinh(x)×sinh(y) xy
14. Find
lt(x,y)→(0,0)
a) 1
b) ∞
c) 0
d) 990

Answer: a
15
 VERTOS ADDA
Explanation: lt(x, y)→(0, 0) sinh(x) sinh(y)
x * lt(x, y)→(0, 0) y
=1*1
= 1.

16
 VERTOS ADDA

TOPIC 1.3 CONTINUITY

It looks like nothing was found at this location. Maybe try

searching?Search
Search …for: Search

1. limx → 1 (x-1)Tan(πx 2) is?

a) 0
b) –1 π
c) –2 π
d) 2 π

Answer: c
Explanation:
lim (x−1)sin( πx ) 0
x→1 2 = 0 (Indeterminate)
By πx 2
L’Hospciotsa(l r)ule πx π
lim (x−1)cosπ( ) +sin(πx) 2
x→1 si2n( xπ2
2 =− π
)
2 2

2. Value of limit always be in the range of function.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Because the range of f(x) = {x} is [0,1) and it value at lim x → 1 – f(x) is 1
which is not in its range.

3. Which of the following is a necessary Conditions of Sandwich rule?

a) All function must have common domain
b) All function must have common range
c) All function must have common domain and range both
d) Function must not have common domain and range

Answer: a
Explanation: Statement of sandwich theorem is, If Functions f(x), g(x) and h(x)
1. have Common Domain,
2. and, satisfy f(x) ≤ g(x) ≤ h(x) ∀ x ∈
D Then if f(x) = h(x) = L
=> g(x) = L.

4. The value of limx → 0 [x]Cos(x), [x] denotes the greatest integer function
a) lies between 0 and 1
b) lies between -1 and 0
c) lies between 0 and 2
d) lies between -2 and 0

17
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
Explanation: limx → 0
[x]Cos(x) We know that,
x-1 < [x] < x
Multiplying by Cos(x), we get
(x-1)Cos(x) < [x]Cos(x) < xCos(x)
Taking limits, we get
limx → 0 [(x-1)Cos(x)] < limx → 0 [x]Cos(x) < limx → 0[xCos(x)] => -1 < limx → 0
[x]Cos(x) < 0.

5. Value of limx → 0[(1+xex)/(1 – Cos(x))].

a) e
b) 1
c) 2
d) Can not be solved

Answer: c
Explanation: =>limx → 0[(1+xex)/(1 – Cos(x))] = 1 0 (Indeterminate)
=> By L’Hospital rule
=> limx → 0[(1+xex) / (Sin(x))] = 1 0 (Again indeterminate)
=> By L’ Hospital rule
=> limx → 0[((2+x)ex)/ (Cos(x))] = 2.
π(1−x)

6. The value of 2
)e1/(1−x), [x] denotes the greatest integer function.
limx→1[x]cos(
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) -∞

Answer: a
Explanation:
π(1−x)
limx→1 [x]cos( 2 )e1/(1−x)
We know that
x-1ul≤tip[xly]in≤gxby Remaining term of question
M
π(1−x) π(1−x) π(1−x)
(x − 1)e1/(1−x)cos( ) ≤ e1/(1−x)cos( ) ≤ [x] ≤ xe1/(1−x)cos( )
1/(1− ) 2 π(1−x) 2 1/(1− ) π(1−x) 2
lim (x − 1)e x cos( )2≤ lim e x cos( )[x]
x→1 x→1 2
≤ limx→1 xe1/(1−x)cos( π(1−2x)
) 1/(1-x) to e-1/(1-x)
By rearranging
−1/(x−1) the πterms
(1−x) of e π(1−x)
lim e cos( )x − 1 ≤ lim e1/(1−x)cos( )[x]
x→1 2 x→1 2

≤ limx→1 e−1/(x−1)cos( π(1−2x)

)x
18
 VERTOS ADDA
2

0 ≤ e−1/(x−1)cos( π(1−x) )[x] ≤ 0

19
 VERTOS ADDA

Hence by sandwich rule

limx→1 e1/(1−x)cos( π(1−x2) )[x] = 0

7. Evaluate limx → 0(1+Tan(x))Cot(x)
a) 1
b) e
c) ln(2)
d) e2

Answer: b
Explanation:
1
limx → 0(1+Tan(x))Cot(x) = lim (1+Tan(x)) Tan(x) = (1 + t)1 t =
lim

8. Evaluate limx → 1[(-xx + 1) / (xlog(x))].

a) ee
b) e
c) -1
d) e2

En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion:

lim x → 1[(−xx + 1)/(xlog(x))] = (0/0)

By L’Hospital rule,

− limx→1[xx(1 + xlog(x))/(1 + xlog(x))] = − limx→1[xx] = −1

9. Find domain of n for which lim x → 0enxCot(nx), has non zero
value. a) n ∈ (0,∞) ∩ (1,5)
b) n ∈ (-∞,∞) ∩ (1,5)
c) n ∈ (-∞,∞)
d) n ∈ (-∞,∞) ~ 5
Answer: c
Explanation:
enxcos (nx
)
limx→1 sin(nx) = (1/0)
By L’hospital nxRule we get
ne (−sin(nx)+ ( ))
cos nx
⇒ limx→0 ncos(nx) = n/n = 1
Hence domain of n is n ∈ (-∞,∞).
dSin(x)dC
xos(x)
10. Value of is
a) Cos(2x)
b) Sin(2x)
c) Cos2(2x)
d) Sin2(2x)
20
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: a dSin(x)dCxos(x) = Cos2(x) – Sin2(x) =

dx
Explanatio dx
n:
Cos(2x)
= Cos(x) dSin(x) + Sin(x)dCos(x)
.
11. Evaluate limx→∞(sin( 1 ) + cos( 1 ))x
x x
a) 1
b) e
c) 0
d) e2

Answer: b
Explanation:
limx→∞(sin( 1 ) + cos( 1 ))xx
Putting x=1/y,x
1
⇒ limy→0(sin(y) + cos(y))y
y3 y5 y2 y4 1
⇒ limy→0((y − 3! + 5! −…)+(1 − 2! + 4! − …. )) y
Neglecting higher powers of y,(as y is limits to 0 which is very small hence higher
power terms can be neglected)
1

⇒ limy→0(1 + y) y

=>e
(x(1+acos(x))−bsin(x))
12. If limx→0 x3
a) 2.5, -1.5
b) -2.5, -1.5 = 1, then find the value of a and b.
c) -2.5, 1.5
d) 2.5, 1.5

Answer: b
Explanatio
n:
lim (x(1+acos(x))−bsin(x)) x3
=1
Exp a n0ding terms of cos(x) and sin(x) and rearranging we get,
x →

(1+a−b)x+( b − a )x3+( a − b )x5+….

limx→0 6 2 3
x 24 120
=1
Since, given limit is finite, hence coefficients of powers of x should be zero and x 3
should be 1
⇒ 1 + a – b=0
⇒ b6 – a2 =1
⇒ Solving the above two equations we get, a = -2.5, b = -1.5.
ax3+bsin(x)+ccos(x) x5
13. limx→0 = 1, then find the value of a, b
and c. a) 1.37, -4.13, 4.13
b) 1.37, 4.13, -4.13
c) -1.37, 4.13, 4.13
21
 VERTOS ADDA
d) 1.37, 4.13, 4.13

22
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
Explanation:
3
limx→0 ax +bsin(x)+ccos(x) x5 = 1
Now expanding the terms of sin(x) and cos(x) and rearranging in powers of x,x 3 and
x5 and so on,we get
x(b+c)−x3( b + c −a)+x5( b + c )+… x5
N
=>olw, coefficient of x6 an2d
im x3 sho1u20ld be zero and that of x5 should be 1, then
24

⇒B+c=0
⇒ b6 + c2 = a
⇒ b 120 + c 24 = 1
⇒ By solving these 3 equations, a = 1.37, b = 4.13, c = -4.13.

TOPIC 1.5 DIFFERENTIATION RULES

1. Two men on a surface want to meet each other. They have taken the point (0, 0) as
meeting
−23
9
x 4y
point. The surface is 3-D and its equation is f(x,y) = 4
. Given that they both play this
x+(y) 3
game infinite number of times with their starting point as (908, 908) and (90, 180)
(choosing a different path every time they play the game). Will they always meet?
a) They will not meet every time
b) They will meet every time
c) Insufficient information
d) They meet with probability 1 2
view answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The question is asking us to simply find the limit of the given function
exists as the pair (x, y) tends to (0, 0) (The two men meet along different paths taken
or not)
3
Thus, put x = t : y = a(t) 4
= lt(x,y)→(0,0) = ltt→0 a .t 49.2t74−23
4 1
= lt t a9 t+ a 3 .t 1
t→0 t ×
1+a 34
= lt
t→0 a9
4
3
By puttin1+ga d ifferent
values of a we get different limits
Thus, there are many paths that do not go to the
same place. Hence, They will not meet every time is
the right answer.
y2.z2
2. Find lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0 4 4
)
a) 1
x3+x2.(y) 3 +x2.(z) 3
b) 0
c) ∞
23
 VERTOS ADDA

d) Does Not
Exist view
answer

Answer: d
3 3
Explanation: Put x = t : y = a1 * t 4 : z = a2 *
3
t 4 3
(a1) 2.t 2 .(a2) 2.t 2
lt 4
t3+t2.t.(a1) 3 +t2.t.(a2) 3
4
(x,y,z)→(0,0,0) t3
lt (a1)2.(a 2)2
(x,y,z)→(0,0,0) t3 × 4 4
1+(a1) 3 +(a2) 3
(a1)2.(a2)2
lt (x,y,z)→(0,0,0) 4 4
1+(a1) 3 +(a2) 3
By varying a1 : a2 one can get different limit values.
sin(x).sin(y)
3. Find x. z
lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0)
a) ∞
b) 1 3
c) 1
d) Does Not
Exist view
answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x = t : y = at : z = t
sin(t).sin(at) t2
=ltt→0
=ltt→0 sint(t) × (a) × ltt→0 sin(at)
at
= (1) * (a) * (1) = a
x2+y2−z2+2x
4. Find y x +y −z
lt(x,y,z)→(2,2,4)
a) ∞
b) 123
c) 9098
d) 8
view answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Simplifying
2 2
the expression yields
((x(xx+++yyy)+)−z−)zz. (x+y−z)
lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0
) ( x +y − z)

lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0
)

lt(x,y,z)→(0,0,0)(x + y + z) = 2 + 2 + 4
24
 VERTOS ADDA
=8
x−6.y2.(z.w)
5. Find 3
lt(x,y,z,w)→(0,0,0,0) x +y2 +z −w
a) 1990
b) ∞

25
 VERTOS ADDA

c) Does Not Exist

d) 0
view answer

Answer: c
1
Explanation: Put x = t : y = a1.t 2 : z = a2.t : w =
−6
a3.t 3 3
2 6
t .t.(a1) .t .(a2) .(a3)
lt(x,y,z,w)→(0,0,0,0 t+t.(a )2+a .t−a .t
)
1 2 3
lt(x,y,z,w)→(0,0,0,0)t t (a1)2.(21a2)3.(2a33)3
× 1+( a) +3a −a
(a1 ) .(a2 )3.(a
2 3 )
lt (x,y,z,w)→(0,0,0,0)
1+(a1)2+a2−a3
By changing the values of a1 : a2 : a3 we get different values of limit.
Hence, Does Not Exist is the right answer.
x4+y2+z2+2xx22y++y2+yz−
+w2x2z−(w)2
6. Find lt(x,y,z,w)→(3,1,1,11)
a) 700
b) 701
c) 699
d) 22
view answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Simplifying the expression we have
2 2 2 (x +y+z) −(w)
x 2+y +z −w
lt(x,y,z,w)→(3,1,1,11
) (x2+y+z+xw
2+ xz2+−yw+z−w)
).y(+

lt(x,y,z,w)→(3,1,1,11
)

lt(x,y,z,w)→(3,1,1,11)(x2 + y + z +
w)=(32+1+1+11)
=9+1+1+11=22 sin((x+
(x2+)(2y)+(y5+)(7z)+1))

7. Given that limit exists

findlt(x,y,z)→(−2,−2,−2)
a) 1
b) 3 5
c) 1 2
d) 0
view answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Given that limit exists we can parameterize the curve
Put x = tsin
: ((yt+2)(
= t t:+5)(
z =t+1))
t
ltt→−2 ltt→−2 (t+2)(t+7)
sin((t+2)(t+5)(t+1))
(t+2)(t+5)(t+1)
26
 VERTOS ADDA
(−
2
+
(t+7)
5)
(−
2
+
1)
(1)× (−2+7) × ltt→−2 (t+5)(t+1)
= = 53
(3()5.()1)

27
 VERTOS ADDA

tan((x+9)(y+11)(z+7
8. Given that limit exist findlt(x,y,z)→(−9,−9,−9) )) (x+9)(y+10)
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 3
view answer

Answer: c
Explanation: We can parameterize the
curve by x = y = z = t
tan((t(+t+
99)()t(+t+11)0()t+7 tan((t+1t+11)(0t+7))
ltt→−9 ))
(t+9)(t+11)(t+7)
ltt→−9 × ltt→−9
= (2()1()2)
(−9+(1−19)+(−190+)7)
= 4
tan((x−1)(y−2)(z−3))
9. Given that limit exists find lt(x,y,z)→(−1,−1,−1) (x−1)(y−6)(z+7)
a) 1
b) 1 2
c) 1 7
d) 2 7
view answer

Answer: d
Explanation: We can parameterize the
curve by x=y=z=ttan((t−1)(t−2)(t−3))
(t−1)(t−6)(t+7)
ltt→−1 tan((t−1)(t−2)(t−3)) × lt (t−2)(t−3)
lt t→−1 (t−6)(t+7)
t(→
−1−12)(−1(−t−31))(t −2)(t −3()3)(4
)
= (− 1−6)(−1 +7) = (7)(6)
12 2
= =
42 7

( )
xy−2x−y+z xz−5x−2z+10
xz−2x−6z+12 xy−7y−2x+14
ln(1+ +
10. Given that limit exists find (x−2)(y−2)(z−2)
lt(x,y,z)→(2,2,2)
a) ∞
b) 1
c) 0
d) ln(4 5)
view
answer

Answer: a
Explanation: We can parameterize the
curve by x = y = z = t

28
 VERTOS ADDA

xy −2x−y+z
ln(1+ + xz−5x−2z+10

lt
t→2
(( (x−2)(y−2)(z−2)
xz−2x−6z+12
t (t−5)
xy−7y−2x+14
)
= ltt→2 −6)

)
3
ln(1+ (+
t(−2)
t (t−7)
(2−5) ln( 4
)
ln(1+ 2 + )

t→2
= lt

11.
(
Given that limit
) =
exists
(2−2)3
(t−6) (2−7)

lt( , ,
0
5
→∞ ( cos( π −
2 2 )
)→(0,0,0)
yz
x sin(x).sin(y).sin(z)
a) 99
b) 0
c) 1
d) 100
view
answer
En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Put x = y = z = t
lt ( cos(
2
π
−t).tan(y).cot( π −t)

sin(x).sin(y).sin(z)
2 )
t→0

(sin(t)si)n(3ta(nt)2(t))
ltt→0
= lt 1
= lt t→0 cos
tan2(t) 2( )
t→0 sin(t) t
= 1
= =1
cos (0)
2 1 1
12. Two men on a 3-D surface want to meet each other. The surface is given by
−6.y7
(x, y) = x It .was
freference. Theyobserved
make their move
that onehorizontally or vertically
man was initially with400)
at (200, the X-Y
andplane as their
the other at
(100, 100).
Their meet px+oyint is decided as (0, 0). Given that they travel in straight lines, will they
meet?
a) They will meet
b) They Will not meet
c) They meet with probability 1 2
d) Insufficient
information view answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The problem asks us to find the limit of the function f(x, y) along two
lines y = x and y = 2x
For the first line (first
person) x−6 =7 t7: y = 2t
= lt t→0 x .2 .t = lt t→032t7t
27
=3 t+2t
For the second line (Second Person)
x=t=y t
=lt t−6.t7 = lt t→0 2t

t→0 t+t

29
 VERTOS ADDA

=1/2
The limits are different and they will not meet.

13. Two men13xon

6 7 a 3-D surface want to meet each other. The surface is given by
.y x
+y13
(x, y)=
ftheir . They make their move horizontally or vertically with the X-Y plane as
reference. It was observed that one man was initially at (400, 1600) and the other
at (897, 897). Their meet point is decided as (0, 0). Given that they travel in
straight lines, will they meet?
a) They will meet
b) They will not meet
c) They meet with probability 1 2
d) Insufficient
information view answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The problem asks us to find the limit of the function f(x, y) along two
lines y = x and y = 4x
For the first line (first
person) 6x = t : y = 4t
=lt t .47.t7 = lt 4 7t
t→0 t→0 t(1+413)
t137+413t13
4
= 1+413
For the second line (Second
Person)
=lt t→0 t13t+6x.tt137 = t==ltyt→0 2tt1313
=
1
2
The limits are different and the will not meet.

14. Observe the figure. It is given that the function has no limit as (x, y) → (0 ,0)
along the paths given in the figure. Then which of the following could be f(x, y)
a) f(x,y) = x7.(xy+8 y)
b) f(x,y) = x2y7
2
xy
c) f (x, y) =
( 2 2x y
6
2
x .y
d) f (x, y) =
(5 10
yx
view answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The curves in the given graph are parabolic and thus they can be
parameterized by
x = t : y = at2
( 5 10yx we get
Substituting in Option f(x,y) x6.y2
=
=ltt→0 a5t.6t.10a2+.tt104

30
 VERTOS ADDA

10
a2
lt t→0 t10 2× a5+1
lt t→0 t a
a5+1
By varying a we get different limits

TOPIC 1.6 MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF FUNCTIONS OF ONE

VARIABLE

1. What is the saddle point?

a) Point where function has maximum value
b) Point where function has minimum value
c) Point where function has zero value
d) Point where function neither have maximum value nor minimum value

Answer: d
Explanation: Saddle point is a point where function have neither maximum nor
minimum value.

2. Stationary point is a point where, function f(x,y)

have? a) ∂f ∂x = 0
b) ∂f ∂y = 0
c) ∂f ∂x = 0 & ∂f ∂y = 0
d) ∂f ∂x < 0 and ∂f ∂y > 0

Answer: c
Explanation: Point where function f(x,y) either have maximum or minimum value is
called saddle point. i.e, ∂f ∂x = 0 & ∂f ∂y = 0.

3. For function f(x,y) to have minimum value at (a,b) value is?

a) rt – s2>0 and r<0
b) rt – s2>0 and r>0
c) rt – s2<0 and r<0
d) rt – s2>0 and r>0

Answer: b
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have minimum value at
(a,b) rt – s2>0 and r>0
2 2 2
where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) => (a,b).

4. For function f(x,y) to have maximum value at (a,b) is?

a) rt – s2>0 and r<0
b) rt – s2>0 and r>0

31
 VERTOS ADDA

c) rt – s2<0 and r<0

d) rt – s2>0 and r>0

Answer: a
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have maximum value at
(a,b) rt – s2>0 and r<0
2 2 2
where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=(∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) => (a,b).

5. For function f(x,y) to have no extremum value at (a,b) is?

a) rt – s2>0
b) rt – s2<0
c) rt – s2 = 0
d) rt – s2 ≠ 0

Answer: b
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have no extremum value
2 2 2
at (a,b) rt – s2 < 0 where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) =>
(a,b).

6. Discuss minimum value of f(x,y)=x2 + y2 + 6x + 12.

a) 3
b) 3
c) -9
d) 9

Answer: b
Explanation: Given, f(x, y) = x2 + y2 + 6x +
12 Now, ∂f ∂x = 2x + 6 and ∂f ∂y = 2
Putting, ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0 we get,
(x,y) = (-3,0)
2 2 2
Now, r= ∂ f ∂x2 = 2>0 and t= ∂ f ∂y2 = 2 and s= ∂ f ∂x∂y
= 0 hence, rt – s2 = 4>0 and r>0
hence. f(x,y) has minimum value at (-3,0), which is f(x,y) = 12 + 9 – 18 = 3.

7. Discuss maximum or minimum value of f(x,y) = y 2 + 4xy + 3x2 + x3.

a) minimum at (0,0)
b) maximum at (0,0)
c) minimum at (2/3, -4/3)
d) maximum at (2/3, -4/3)

Answer: c
Explanation: Given,f(x,y) = y2 + 4xy + 3x2 +
x3 Now,∂f ∂x = 4y + 6x + 3x2 and ∂f ∂y = 2y +
4x
32
 VERTOS ADDA

Putting,∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0,and solving two equations,we

get, (x,y) = (0,0) or (2/3, -4/3)
2 2 2
Now,at (0,0) r= ∂ f∂x 2=6+6x=6>0 and t= ∂∂yf 2
∂ f
=2>0 and s=∂x∂y
=4
hence, rt – s2 = 12 – 16<0,hence it has no extremum at this
point. 2 2 2
2 4 ∂ f ∂ f ∂ f
Now at ( 3,- 3) r= ∂x2 = 6 + 6x = 10>0 and t= ∂y =2>0 and s= ∂x∂y=4
hence, rt – s2 = 20 – 16 > 0 and r>0, hence it has minimum at this
point.(2 3, –4 3).

8. Find the minimum value of xy+a3 (1 x + 1 y).

a) 3a2
b) a2
c) a
d) 1

En
A xpsw
laenra:taion:
Given,f(x,y) = xy + a3( 1 + 1 )
x y
∂f a3 ∂f a3
Now, =y− and =x−
∂x x2 ∂y y2
∂f ∂f
Putting, ∂xand =∂0y ,and solving two equations,we get,
(x,y)=(a,a) or (- 2a3 2 2a3 2
∂ f ∂ f
a,a)
Now, at (a,a) r = ∂2f = =2>0 and t = = =2>0 and s =1
=
∂x2 x3 ∂y2 y3 ∂x∂y
hence, rt-s2=3>0 2and r>0,hence
3
it has minimum
2 3
value at (a,a).
Now, at (-a,a) r= ∂ f = 2a =-2<0 and t = ∂ f = 2a =2>0 and s= 2
∂f
∂x2 x3 ∂y2 y3 ∂x∂y=1
hence, rt-s2=-5<0,hence it has no extremum at this point.

Hence maximum value is, f(a,a)=a2+a3 ( 1a + 1 )a= a2 + 2a2 = 3a2

9. Divide 120 into three parts so that the sum of their products taken two at
a time is maximum. If x, y, z are two parts, find value of x, y and z.
a) x=40, y=40, z=40
b) x=38, y=50, z=32
c) x=50, y=40, z=30
d) x=80, y=30, z=50

Answer: b
Explanation: Now, x + y + z = 120 => z = 120 –
x – y f = xy + yz + zx
f = xy + y(120-x-y) + x(120-x-y) = 120x + 120y – xy – x2

33
 VERTOS ADDA
– y2 Hence, ∂f ∂f
∂x = 120 – y – 2x and ∂y = 120 – x – 2y
putting ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y equals to 0 we get, (x, y)=>(40, 40)
2 2 2
Now at (40,40), r=∂ f ∂x2 = -2 < 0, s = ∂ f ∂x∂y = -1, and t = ∂ f ∂y2 = -2

34
 VERTOS ADDA

hence, rt – s2 = 5 > 0
since, r<0 and rt – s2 > 0 f(x,y) has maixum value at
(40,40), Hence, maximum value of f(40,40) = 120 – 40
– 40 = 40, Hence, x = y = z = 40.

10. Find the maximum value of Sin(A)Sin(B)Sin(C) if A, B, C are the angles of

triangle. a) 3√3
8
b) 3√4
8
c) – 3√3
8
d) π
8

Answer: a
Explanation: Given f(A,B,C)=Sin(A)Sin(B)Sin(c),

Since A, B, C are the angle of triangle, hence, C = 180 –

(A+B), hence, f(x,y) = Sin(x)Sin(y)Sin(x+y), where A = x

and B = y

Hence, ∂f ∂x = Cos(x)Sin(y)Sin(x+y) + Sin(x)Sin(y)Cos(x+y) =

Sin(y)Sin(y+2x) and, ∂f ∂y = Sin(x)Cos(y)Sin(x+y) + Sin(x)Sin(y)Cos(x+y)
= Sin(x)Sin(x+2y)

Hence, putting ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0, we get (x,y)=(60,60), (120,120)

Hence, at (x,y) = (60,60)we get,r = -√3, s = -√3/2, t = -√3, hence, rt-s2= 9 4∂x>0

hence, r<0 andrt-s2>0 hence, f(x,y) or f(A,B) have maximum value at

(60,60) Hence, at (x,y)=(120,120)we get,r=√3,s=√3/2,t=√3,hence,rt-s 2

= 9 4∂x>0
And this value is 3√3 8
hence, r>0 and rt-s2 >0 hence, f(x,y) or f(A,B) have minimum value at
(60,60) and this value is –3√3 8.

11. The drawback of Lagrange’s Method of Maxima and minima is?

a) Maxima or Minima is not fixed
b) Nature of stationary point is can not be known
c) Accuracy is not good
d) Nature of stationary point is known but can not give maxima or minima

Answer: b
Explanation: In lagrange’s theorem of maxima of minima one can not determine the
35
 VERTOS ADDA
nature of stationary points.

36
 VERTOS ADDA

UNIT II FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

TOPIC 2.1 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION

1. f(x, y) = x2 + xyz + z Find fx at (1,1,1)

a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) -1

Answer: c
Explanation: fx = 2x +
yz Put (x,y,z) = (1,1,1)
fx = 2 + 1 = 3.

2. f(x, y) = sin(xy) + x2 ln(y) Find fyx at (0, π 2)

a) 33
b) 0
c) 3
d) 1

Answer: d
2
x
Explanation: fy = xcos(xy) + y
fyx = cos(xy) – xysin(xy) + 2x y
Put (x,y) = (0, π 2)
= 1.

3. f(x, y) = x2 + y3 ; X = t2 + t3; y = t3 + t9 Find df dt at t=1.

a) 0
b) 1
c)-1
d)
164

Answer: d
Explanation: Using chain rule we have
df dx + fy. dy
dt = fx. dt dt2 2 8
=(2x).(2t + 2 ) + (3y ).(3t + 9t )
3t
Put t = 1; we have x = 2; y = 2
=4.(5) + 12.(12) = 164.

4. f(x, y) = sin(x) + cos(y) + xy2; x = cos(t); y = sin(t) Find df dt at t = π 2

a) 2
37
 VERTOS ADDA

b)-2
c) 1
d) 0

Answer: b
Explanation:Using chain rule we have
dy
df dx + f .
dt = x .f dt y dt

= (cos(x) + y2).(-sin(t)) + (-sin(y) +

2xy).(cos(t)) Put t= π 2; we have x=0; y=1
=(1 + 1).(-1) + 0 = -2.

5. f(x, y, z, t) = xy + zt + x2 yzt; x = k3 ; y = k2; z = k; t =

√k Find df dt at k = 1
a) 34
b) 16
c) 32
d) 61

Answer: b
Explanation: Using Chain rule we have
dy
df
. dx + f . + f . dz + f . dt
= f y
=dt(y + 2xxydkzt).(3k2) +dk(x + xz 2zdtk).(2k)t +dk(t + x2yt).(1) + (z + x2yz).( 1
2√k
Put k=1; we have
x=y=z=t=1 9 + 4 + 2 + 1 =
16.

6. The existence of first order partial derivatives implies continuity.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The mere existence cannot be declared as a condition for contnuity
because the second order derivatives should also be continuous.

7. The gradient of a function is parallel to the velocity vector of the level curve.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The gradient is perpendicular and not parallel to the velocity vector of
the level curve.

8. f(x, y) = sin(y + yx2) / 1 + x2 Value of fxy at (0,1) is

a) 0
b) 1

38
 VERTOS ADDA

c) 67
d) 90

Answer: a
Explanation: First
find fy = cos(y + yx2)
Hence
fyx = fxy = – (2xy).sin(y +
yx2) Now put (x,y) = (0,1)
= 0.

9. f(x, y) = sin(xy + x3y) / x + x3 Find fxy at (0,1).

a) 2
b) 5
c) 1
d) undefined

Answer: c
Explanation: First
find fy = sin(xy + x3y)
Hence
fyx = fxy = (cos(xy + x3y)) . (y +
3x23y) Now put (x,y) = (0,1)
= 1.

TOPIC 2.2 HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS AND EULER'S THEOREM

1. f(x, y) = x3 + xy2 + 901 satisfies the Euler’s theorem.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The function is not homogenous and hence does not satisfy the
condition posed by euler’s theorem.
x 3+ y 3
2. f(x, y)= find the value of fy at (x,y) = (0,1).
a) 101
x99+y98x+y9
b) -96 9
c) 210
d) 0

Answer:
b
Explanation: Using Euler
theorem xfx + yfy = n f(x, y)

39
 VERTOS ADDA

Substituting x = 0; n=-96 and y = 1 we

have fy = -96. f(0, 1) = -96.(¹ ı)
= – 96.

3. A non-polynomial function can never agree with euler’s theorem.

a) True
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: Coun2 ter2 example is the fu3nction
f(x,y) = x9.y8sin( x +y ) + cos( x
)x11. y6.
2 xy x2y+yx23
+y x
4. f(x,y) = x9.y8sin( 2 ) + cos( )x11. y6 Find the value of f at (1,0).
x xy

a) 23
x2y+yx2 x
b) 16
c) 17(sin(2) +
COS(¹ 2))
d) 90

Answer: c
Explanation: Using Eulers theorem we
have xfx + yfy = nf(x, y)
Substituting (x,y)=(1,0) we
have fx = 17f(1, 0)
17 (sin(2) + COS(¹ 2)).

5. For a homogeneous function if critical points exist the value at critical points is?
a) 1
b) equal to its degree
c) 0
d) -1

Answer: c
Explanation: Using Euler theorem we
have xfx + yfy = nf(x, y)
At critical points fx = fy = 0
f(a, b) = 0(a, b) → critical points.

6. For homogeneous function with no saddle points we must have the minimum value as

a) 90
b) 1
c) equal to degree
d) 0

Answer: d

40
 VERTOS ADDA
Explanation: Substituting fx = fy = 0 At critical points in euler theorem we have

41
 VERTOS ADDA

nf(a, b) = 0 ⇒ f(a, b) = 0(a, b) → critical points.

7. For homogeneous function the linear combination of rates of independent

change along x and y axes is
a) Integral multiple of function value
b) no relation to function value
c) real multiple of function value
d) depends if the function is a polynomial

Answer: c
Explanation: Euler’s theorem is nothing but the linear combination asked here, The
degree of the homogeneous function can be a real number. Hence, the value is
integral multiple of real number.

8. A foil is to be put as shield over a cake (circular) in a shape such that the heat is
even along any diameter of the cake.
Given that the heat on cake is proportional to the height of foil over cake, the shape
of the foil is given by
a) f(x, y) = sin(y/x)x2 + xy
b) f(x, y) = x2 + y3
c) f(x, y) = x2y2 + x3y3
d) not possible by any analytical function

Answer: b
Explanation:Given that the heat is same along lines we need to choose a
homogeneous function.
Checking options we get that only option satisfies condition for homogeneity.

9. f(x, y) = sin(y/x)x3 + x2y find the value of fx + fy at (x,y)=(4,4).

a) 0
b) 78
c) 42 . 3(sin(1) + 1)
d) -12

Answer: c
Explanation: Using Euler theorem we
have xfx + yfy = nf(x, y)
Substituting (x,y)=(4,4) we have
4fx + 4fy = 3f(4, 4) = ³ a(43 . sin(1) + 43)
= 42 . 3(sin(1) + 1).

TOPIC 2.3 TOTAL DERIVATIVE

1. The total derivative is the same as the derivative of the function.
a) True

42
 VERTOS ADDA

b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: In mathematics, the total derivative of a function at a point is the
best linear approximation near this point of the function with respect to its
arguments.
2. What is the derivative of 73√x − 43 + 5x with respect x?
−1 − 3x
−5 x
+5
a) 7x 3−2 − 3x−5 + 5
7x 3 − 3x−3 + 5
b) −
2

c)
7x3
−
1 − 3x
−3
+5
d)
7x 3
Answer: b
3
Explanation: Given: y= 73√x − x4
+ 5x
−1
dy = d(7x 3 −3x−4+5x)
dx dx
dy −1 3
= 7x −1 − 3x −45−1 + 5x1−1
dx − 3x +5
dy
−2

3d.x F=in7dx t3he range in which the function f(x) = 8 + 40x3 – 5x4 – 4x5 is
increasing. a) 2<z<0, 0<z<3
b) 1<z<0, 0<z<2
c) 3<z<0, 0<z<2
d) 3<z<0, 0<z<4
Answer: c
Explanation: Given: f(x)=8 + 40x3 – 5x4 –
4x5 f'(x) = 120x2 – 20x3 – 20x4
f'(x) = -20x2 (x+x2 – 6)
f'(x) = -20x2 (x+3)(x-2)
Next, we need to know where the function is not changing and so all we need to do is
set the derivative equal to zero and solve.
f'(x) = -20x2 (x+3)(x-2)=0
From this it is pretty easy to see that the derivative will be zero, and hence the
function will not be moving, at,
x=0,-3,-2
Because the derivative is continuous, we know that the only place it can change sign
is where the derivative is zero. So, a quick number line will give us the sign of the
derivative for the various intervals.

43
 VERTOS ADDA

From this we get,

Increasing: 3<z<0,
0<z<2

4. What is the maximum area of the rectangle with perimeter

500 mm? a) 15,625 mm2
b) 15,025 mm2
c) 15,600 mm2
d) 10,625 mm2

Answer: a
Explanation: Let x be the length of the rectangle and y be the width of the
rectangle. Then, Area A is,
A=x*y ...................................................................... (1)
Given: Perimeter of the rectangle is 620 mm.
Therefore, P=2(x+y)
500=2(x+y
) x+y=250
y=250-x
We can now substitute the value of y
in (1) A=x*(250-x)
A=250x-x2
To find maximum value we need derivative of A,
dA
dx = 250 − 2x
To find maximum value, ddAx = 0
250-2x=0
2x=250
x=125 mm
Therefore, when the value of x=125 mm and the value of y=250-125=125 mm, the
area of the rectangle is maximum, i.e., A=125*125=15,625 mm 2

5. Which of the following relations hold true?

a) i × i = j × j = k × k = 1
b) i × j = k, j × i = -k
c) i × i = j × j = k × k = -1
d) k × i = -j, i × k = j

Answer: b
Explanation: The properties of vector or cross product, for the orthogonal vectors,
i, j, and k are,
i×i=j×j=k×k=
0, i × j = k, j × i = -k,
j × k = i, k × j = -i,
k × i = j, i × k = -j

6. Which of the following trigonometric function derivatives is correct?

a) d(sinx
44
 VERTOS ADDA
) dx

= −cosx

45
 VERTOS ADDA

d(staenc
dx(cosx) = tanx
x)
dx
b) dx = sec2x
c)
d) = sinx
Answer: c
Explanation: Correct forms of Trigonometric Derivative Functions
d(csionsxx))
d(sdexcx
ddx(tanx ) = cosx
) dx d
x = −sinx
= secxtanx

= sec2x
′ ′
f (x)−g (x)
7. The division rule of differentiation for two functions is given by, ( f(x) )′ = .
a) True
g(x) (g(x))2
b) Fals
e

En
A xpsw
laenra:tbion: The division rule of differentiation for two functions is given by,

( f(x) )′ =
g(x)f′(x)−g′(x)f(x) g(x)
(g(x))2
8. What is the derivative of z=3x*logx+5x6 ex with respect to x?
a) 3+30x5 ex
b) 3+5x6 ex+30x5 ex
c) 3+5x6 ex
d) 3+3logx+5x6 ex+30x5 ex

Answer: d
Explanation: Given: z=3x*logx+5x6 ex
dz
= 3x( 1 )+3logx+5x6 ex+30x5 ex
dx x
dz
=3+3logx+5x6 ex+30x5 ex
dx

9. A sphere with the dimensions is shown in the figure. What is the error
that can be incorporated in the radius such that the volume will not change
more than 2%?

46
 VERTOS ADDA

a) 0.06366%
b) 0.006366%
c) 0.6366%
d) 6.366%

En
A xpsw
laenra:tbion: We know that volume of the sphere is,

V = 4 π3 R3
Differentiating the above equation with respect to R we get,
dV 4 2 2
dR = π3× 3R = 4πR
Since the volume of the sphere should not exceed more than 2%,
dV
dR = 4πR2 = 0.02
4π = 2(50.00006366
Error in radius = 0.006366%

10. dW(hsiinch−1o(xf )t)h=

e fo1llowing is correct?
a) ddx 1−x
−1(x)) = √ 1
x√x2−1
b) dx
(sec
d −1 1
dx (tan (x)) = √x2+1
cd)
x+1
ddx
(sin−1)(x)) =
1

Answer: a
Explanation: Rules for derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions are:
d
(sin−1 (x)) = 1
ddx (sec−1(x)) = √1−1x2
x x −1
dx √ 2

dx 1+
d
(tan−1(x)) = 1
TOPIC 2.4 CHANGE OF VARIABLES
1. For the below-mentioned figure, conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R
f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to cylindrical polar with coordinates p(ρ,∅,z) is givenby

47
 VERTOS ADDA

a) ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz
b) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) dρ d∅ dz
c) ∭R*f(ρ,∅,z) ρ∅ dρ d∅ dz
d) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) ρ2 dρ d∅ dz

Answer: a
Explanation: From the figure we can write x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z now we know that during change of variables f(x,y,z) is
replaced by
( )
f (ρ,∅, z) ∗ J
x,y,z
with limits in functions of x,y,z to functions of ρ,∅,z respectively
∂ρx ,⎨,z ∂x ∂x
∂p ∂∅ ∂z cos∅ −psin∅ 0
ρ,∅,z ∂p ∂∅ ∂z

( )
∂yz
x,y,z
∂y ∂y
= sin0∅ pco0s∅ = cos∅(ρcos∅) +ρsin∅(sin∅)
J ∂p
0
1
= ∂⎨ ∂z

= ρ, thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz where R* is the new region.

2. For the below mentione figure ,conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R

f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to spherical polar with coordinates p(r,θ,∅) is given by

48
 VERTOS ADDA

a) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) sinθ dr dθ d∅

b) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 dr dθ d∅
c) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 cosθ dr dθd∅
d) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 sinθ dr dθd∅

En
A xpsw
laenra:tdion: From the figure we can write x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z = r

cos θ now we know that during a change of variables f(x,y,z) is replaced by f (ρρ,⎨,
,∅,z

z) ∗ J ( )
x,y,z

with limits in f∂uxnctio∂xns of∂xx ,y,z to functions of r,θ,∅ respectively

∂r ∂θ ∂⎨ sinθcos∅ rcosθcos∅ −rsinθsin∅
x,y,z ∂y ∂y ∂y
J ( )= ∂r
∂z
∂θ
∂z
∂⎨
∂z
= sinθcsoisnθ∅ rc−orssθisniθn∅ rsinθc0os∅

ρ,∅,z ∂r ∂θ ∂⎨
= sin θ cos ∅(r2 sin2 θ cos∅) + r cos θ cos ∅(r sin θ cos ∅ cos θ) – r sin θ sin ∅
= (-r sin2 θ sin∅-r cos2 θ sin∅)……on solving we get r2 sinθ
thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(r,θ,∅)r2 sinθ dr dθ d∅ where R* is the new region.

3. If ∭R xyz dx dy dz is solved using cylindrical coordinate where R is the region

bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, z=1 & x2+y2=1 then what is the value of that
integral?
a) 1/24
b) 1/16
c) 1/4
49
 VERTOS ADDA
d) 1/2

50
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
Explanation: x2+y2=1→ρ varies from 0 to 1 substituting x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z z varies from 0 to1, x=0, y=0→∅ varies from 0 to π/2
thus the given integral is changed to cylindrical polar given by
π π 1
1 1 3 1 3 z2 0

∫02 ∫0 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ z dz dρ d∅ = ∫02 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ [ ] 2 d ρ d∅

[ ]
3 1
π π
∫ 02 cos∅sin∅ 8ρ 0d∅ = ∫02 cos∅sin∅ 8 d1∅
put sin ∅=t, dt=cos ∅

t varies from 0 to 1 ∫ 10 18
t dt = [ ] 1
t2 1 6
=0 1 . 16

4. The volume of the region R defined by inequalities 0≤z≤1, 0≤y+z≤2,0≤x+y+z≤3 is

given by
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 1

Answer: b
Explanation: It is observed from equations that the region is made of
parallelepiped thus volume of parallelepiped is given by triple integral over the
given region.
i.e by using substitutions as x+y+z=p, y+z=q, z=r the new region becomes R * where
p varies from 0 to 3, q varies from 0 to 2 & r varies from 0 to 1 jacobian of this
transformation is given
by ∂p ∂p ∂p
p,q,r
∂ x ∂ y ∂z 1 1 1
∂q ∂q ∂q
J( = )∂x
∂r
∂y
∂r
∂z
∂r
= 0 1 1

x,y,z 0 0 1 = 1(1)– 1(0) + 1(0) = 1

( ) ( )( ) ( )
∂x ∂y ∂z
x,y,z x,y,z p,q,r
but we need J w. k . t J J = 1 thus J x,y,z = 1
p,q,r p,q,r x,y,z p,q,r
now the volume is given by ∫ 2 ∫ 3 dp dq dr = ∫ 1 ∫ 2 3 dq dr = ∫ 1 6dr = 6.
∫1
0 0 0 0 0 0
3

5. What is the value of

integral∭R
2 2 2 2

x2+y2 +z ≤1? e(x +y +z ) dx dy dz where R is the region given by

2
4π(e3−1)
a)
4π(e3−1)
b) 3
4π(e2+1)
51
 VERTOS ADDA
c) 3
3
d) 8π(e+1)
Answer: a
Explanation: It can be noticed that R is the region bounded by sphere from the
equation x2+y2+z2≤1 thus we are using spherical coordinate to solve this problem
i.e clearly radius r varies from 0 to 1, θ varies from 0 to π & ∅ varies from 0 to 2π

52
 VERTOS ADDA

1.5
r2sinθ dr dθ d∅
2
thus the given integral changes to er
R∗

1.5
er is obtained by substituting x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z=r cos θ & hence
2
solving
the2πsamπe, no1 w substituting R*
∫ ∫ ∫
2π π
we get 1 2 r3
21.5 d∅
dθ sinθ r e dr
er 2r sinθ dr dθ d∅=
0 0 0 π r3=1 ∫ 0
∫ 0 ∫ 0

3 3
0 r3=0

[ ] ⎨ [e ]
2π ⎨ − cosθ
TOPIC 2.5 JACOBIAN=S
1 r
3
4π(e−1)
.
1. The jacobian of p,q,r w.r.t x,y,z given p=x+y+z, q=y+z, r=z is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1

Answer: b
Explanation: We have to find
∂p ∂p ∂p
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂(p,q,r)
∂q ∂q ∂q
J= = ∂x ∂y ∂z
∂(x,y,z) ∂x ∂y ∂z
But p=x+y+z, q=y+z, r=z (taking partial derivative)
1 1 1
J = 0 1 1 ∂x = ∂p∂y
= ∂p∂
= ∂q∂x
= ∂q∂y
= ∂q
∂ = ∂r
∂x = ∂r
∂y
= 0, ∂r∂z= 1
(∂p 1, 1,
z
1, 0, 1, z
1, 0,
0 0 1
On expanding we get is
JTh=u1s(1
j =– 10.) = 1

2. Given u = yz , v = zx , w = xy ∂(u,v,w
)
then the value
x y z
of
a) 4
∂(x,y,z)
b) -4
c) 0
d) 1
Answer: a
yz
Explanation: By Data u = , v = zx , w =
xy
x y z

53
 VERTOS ADDA

∂u ∂u ∂u −xy2z
∂x ∂y ∂z z y
∂(u,v,w) z
∂v ∂v ∂v
= y x
−yz2x
x
J= = ∂x ∂y ∂z y x
∂w ∂w ∂w z x y
∂(x,y,z) ∂x ∂y ∂z −zx2y

{( } { } {( }
z
−yz −zx
= )( −xy )–( x )( x ) –( z ) ( z )( −xy ) − ( y )( x ) + y z
)( x ) − ( y )( −zx )
x2 2 2 z y x y 2 z y x y z z 2y

= −yxz2
{ } {
x2 y z x2 y z z
– – −xx
– xz
}+ {
zy x y }
+ xy = 0 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4
∂(x,y,z)x
4. ∂(u,v,w) =
Therefore
3. If u=x+3y2-z3, v=4x2 yz, w=2z2-xy then∂(x,∂(u,v,w)
y, z )
at (1,1,1).
a) -184
b) -90
c) 20
d) 40

Answer: a
Explanation∂: Given that u=x+3y2-z3, v=4x2 yz, w=2z2-xy
∂u ∂u
u
∂x ∂y ∂z 1 6y2 −32z2
∂(u,v,w) ∂v ∂v ∂v = 8xyz 4x z 4x y
= ∂x ∂y ∂z
∂w ∂w ∂w −y −x 4z
∂(x,y,z) ∂x ∂y ∂
1 6 −3
z
8 4 4
∂(ux,vy,w
z
) at (1,1,1)
−1 −1 4
=
=1(16+4) – 6(32+4) – 3(-8+4) = -184.
is
4. If x=rcosθ, y=rsinθ then the value of
∂(x,y)
∂(r,θ)
a) θ
1
∂x
bc) ∂r
r0 ∂y
∂r

d) 1r ∂(x,y)

Answer: c =
∂(r,θ)

Explanation:
Wkt,

Thus cosθ
−rsin
54
 VERTOS ADDA
= rcosθ, y = rsinθ
∂y
∂x ∂θ
∂θ
but x
sinθ rcosθ
= rcos2θ + rsin2θ = r.
5. The application of Jacobians is significant in the evaluation of double integral of the
form
∬f(x,y) dx dy and triple integral of the form ∭f(x,y,z)dx dy dz by transformation from
one system of coordinate to the other.

55
 VERTOS ADDA

a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The principle of evaluation is analogous with the evaluation of ∫f(x)dx by
taking a suitable substitution.

6. If u+v=ex cosy and u-v=ex sin y the value of xJ,y( u,v ) is

a) e2x
b) e2x
2
c) −e22x
d) 0
Answer: c ∂u
∂u
∂x
Explanation: wkt J( u,v ) = ∂(u,v) ∂y
= ∂v ∂v
∂x ∂y
x,y ∂(x,y)
But we have to find u and v first using given
equation u+v=ex cos y………(1)
u-v=ex sin y… ... (2)
solving (1)&(2)
x
we get x u=2e (cosy+siny)
e
v= (cosy-siny)
∂u 2 ex
∂∂xv = ex2 (cosy + siny)
= (cosy − siny)
∂x
∂u ex2
∂y = (cosy − siny)
∂v ex
2
= (−cosy − siny)
∂y 2 ex ex
u,v
(cosy + siny) (cosy − siny)
=(
J ) e2x ex
2
x,y (cosy − siny) (−cosy − siny)
2 2
( e )( e ){-(cosy+siny) 2 -(cosy-siny) 2}…….(expanding & solving by taking cos 2 y+sin2 y=1)
x x

2 2
2
= −e x .
2

7. Which among the following is the definition of Jacobian of u and v w.r.t x and y?
a) J( x,y )
u, v
b) J( u ,v )
∂(x,xy,)y
c) ∂(u,v)
∂(u,x)
d)
∂(v,y)
Answer: b =
Explanation: J( u,v ) = ∂(u,v)

56
 VERTOS ADDA
∂x ∂y
∂u ∂u ∂v ∂v

x,y ∂(x,y)
∂x ∂y

57
 VERTOS ADDA

TOPIC 2.6 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS

1. Find 3 3 2
( y22 −y2the
x− )y differentiation of x + y – 3xy + y = 0?
(3x2−3 y)
3 3 2x−3y
a 3((x3−x32y−2y−y)2)y
) 3x−3y2−y
cdb
)
Answer: b
Explanation: Differentiation of x3 is
3x2 differentiation of y3 isdx3y2
dy

differentiation of -3xy is [-3y -3xdxdy ]

differentiation of y2 is 2y dy
dx
Hence,
d(x3+y3−3xy+y2) dx= 0
3x2 + 3y2 dy − 3y − 3x dy + 2y dy = 0
dy (3x2d−x3y) dx dx
=
3 3x−3y −2y
dx 2
3
2. x Sin(y) + Cos(x) = 0, its differentiation is?
y
a) x32S2in(y)−3y323Sin(x)]
[ yy3C2Soisn((xx))]]
− [[3x33xxC3SSin
oisn(((yyy))−
)+−3
y y3Sin
C(oxs)]x(x)]
d)
0
b)
−
Answer: b
cE)x−planatio
n:
d 3 3
dx [x Sin(y) + Cos(x)y ]= 0
3x2Sin(y) + 2
x3Cos 3
(y) dy − Sin(x)y3 + 3y2 dy Cos(x) = 0
dy [3x Sin(y)−y Sin(x)]dx dx
=−
dx [x3Cos(y)+3y2Cos(x)]

3. Find the differentiation of x4 + y4 = 0.

3
a) – x y4
4
b) – x y3
3
c) – x y3
3
d) x y3

58
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: c
Explanation: x4 + y4 =
0 4x3 + 4y3 dy dx = 0
3
dy x
dx = – y3
dy 2 x 2 x x
dx = Sec (x)Sec(x) e + Sec (x)Tan(x) e + e Tan(x)Sec(x)
dy Sec2 (x) ex [Sec(x)+Tan(x)] + ex Tan(x)Sec(x)
dx =
4. Find differentiation of xSin(x) + ayCos(x) + Tan(y) = 0.
[ayCos(x)−Sin(x)+Cos(x)]
a) [aCos(x)+Sec2(y)]
[ayCos(x)−Sin(x)+xCos(x)]
b) [Cos(x)+Sec2(y)]
[ayCos(x)−Sin(x)+xCos(x)]
c) [aCos(x)+Sec2(y)]
[ayCos(x)−Cos(x)+xCos(x)]
d)
[aCos(x)+Sec2(y)]
Answer: c
Explanation: xSin(x) + ayCos(x) + Tan(y) =0
Differentiation of above eqn. is
Sin(x) + xCos(x)– ayCos (x) + aCos(x) dy + dSxec2(y) dy
= 0dx
( ( ) ( )]
dy
= [ayCCoos(sxx))+−SSeicn2(xy)+]xCos x dx
5. F1i+nxd2 the derivative of Tan(x) = Tan(y).
a) 1+y2
1+y
b) 1+x2
1+y2
c) 1+x2
1+y2
d)
1+x
Answer: c
Explanation:
Tan(y)=Tan(x)
1 dy 1
1+y2 dx = 1+x2
dy 1+y2
=
dx 1+x2
6. Implicit functions are those functions
a) Which can be solved for a single variable
b) Which can not be solved for a single variable
c) Which can be eliminated to give zero
d) Which are rational in nature.

Answer: b
Explanation: Implicit functions are those functions, Which can not be solved for a
single

59
 VERTOS ADDA

variable.
For ex, f(x,y) = x3 +y3-3xy = 0.

7. Evaluate y44 4 +3 3xy3 + 6x2 y2 – 7y + 8 = 0.

(7−12
2
(7 −(1(332yxyx2233+y−9xy 2−4y )
y+12xy222) y33)
(7−(3
1 2y4x4+12 xy2 2)−4 3y )
y−9xy
adb ) (7−12 x y−9 xy −4 y)
c
(3y3+12xy2)
Answer: b
Explanation: y44 + 3xy3 + 6x2 y2 – 7y + 8 = 0.
Differentiating 3 it we2g et 2 2 dy
dy + 3[y + 3xy dy] + 6[2xy + 2x y
4dxy3 dx ]dx− 7 dy =0
3 dx dx
y
= (7−1(23xyy3+−19(-1)
2
2xxyy−2)4y )
2

8. If Sin(y)=Sin (y) then?

a) (1-y2)(1 – Cos2 y) = 1
b) (1-y2)(1 – Sin2 y) = 1
c) (1-y2)(1 – Siny)=1
d) (1-y2)(1 – Cosy)=1

Answer: b
Explanation: Sin(y)=Sin(-1)
(y) Differentiating both sides
1 dy
Cos
y (y)d =
dx √1−y2 dx
2 2
(1-y )(1-Sin y)=1

9. If Cos(y)=Cos(-1) (y)
then? a) (1 – y2)(1 – Cos2
(y))=1
b) (1 – y2)(1 – Cos(y))=1
c) (1 – y2)(1 – Sin2 (y))=1
d) (1 – y2)(1 – Sin(y))=1

Answer: a
Explanation: Cos(y)=Cos(-1)
(y) D ating1both sides
-Siifnfe(yre)n=ti−
√1−y2
(1 – y2)(1 – Cos2 (y)) = 1.

60
 VERTOS ADDA

2
10. If y2 + xy + x2 – 2x = 0 then d y 2 =?
2
y
dx
a) (2y + x) d 2
+ ( dy )2 + 2 dy + 2 =0
2dx dx dx
b) (2y + x) d y + 2( dy )2 + dy
+ 2 =0
2dx2 dx dx
c) (2y2 + x) d y
+ 2( dy )2 + 2 dy + 2 =0
d y dx2 dx dx
dy2 dy
d) x + 2( )+ 2 + 2 =0
dx2 dx dx
Answer: c
Explanation:
y2 + xy + x2 − 2x = 0
2y dy + x dy + y + 2x − 2 = 0
dx dx 2
y
2yd2y + 2(
dy 2
) + x( ) + dy + dy
+ 2 =0
d
dx2 dx dx2 dx dx
d2y
(2y + + 2( )2 d+y 2 + 2 =0
dy
x)
dx2 dx dx

11. If the velocity of car at time t(sec) is directly proportional to the square of its
velocity at time (t-1)(sec). Then find the ratio of acceleration at t=10sec to 9sec if
proportionality constant is k=10 sec/mt and velocity at t=9sec is 10 mt/sec.
a) 100
b) 200
c) 150
d) 250

Answer: b
Explanation:
Given,v(t)=kv2 (t-1)
Differentiating w.r.t time we
get dv(t) = 2kv(t-1) dv(t – 1)
dt dt
a(t) = 2*10*10 a(t-1)
a(t)
a(t – 1) = 200.

2
12. If z(x,y) = 2Sin(x)+Cos(y)Sin(x) find d z(xy)
dxdy= ?
a) –Cos(y)Cos(x)
b) -Sin(y)Sin(x)
c) –Sin(y)Cos(x)
d) -Cos(y)Sin(x)

Answer: c
Explanation: z(x,y) = 2Sin(x) +
Cos(y)Sin(x) Hence,
d2z(x,y)
= d dz(x,y) = d [ d (2Sin(x) +Cos(y)Sin(x))]
dxdy dx dy dx dy
=− d Sin(y)Sin(x)= -Sin(y)Cos(x)
dx

61
 VERTOS ADDA

13. If the car is having a displace from point 1 to point 2 in t sec which is given by
equation y(x) = x2 + x + 1. Then?
a) Car is moving with constant acceleration
b) Car is moving with constant velocity
c) Neither acceleration nor velocity is constant
d) Both acceleration and velocity is constant

Answer: a
Explanation: y(x) = x2 + x + 1
Velocity is, v = dy dx = 2x + 1 (not
constant) Acceleration is a = dy dx = 2
(constant).

TOPIC 2.7 TAYLOR'S SERIES FOR FUNCTIONS OF TWO

VARIABLES
1. Among the following which is the correct expression for Taylor’s theorem in two
variables for the function f (x, y) near (a, b) where h=x-a & k=y-b upto second
degree?
a) 2

f(a + h,b + k) = f ( a , b )+ x−a f (a,b) + y−b f (a,b) + (x−a) f (x−a)(y−b) (a,

1! x 1! y 2! xx (a, b) + 2 4!
f
xy
b) 2
x−
f ( a + h , b + k) = a
f (a,b) y−
b
f (a,b) + (x−a) f (a, b) + (x−a)(y−b)f (a, b
f (a ,b )+ +
1! x
c) 1! y 2
2! xx
2 2! xy
f(a + h,b + k) = f (a , b )+ x−a f (a,b) + y−b f (a,b) + (x−a) f (a,b) + (y−b) f (a, b)
1! x 1! y 2! xx yy
2!
d) 2
x− y−
f ( a + h , b + k) = f ( a ,b ) f (a,b) + (x−a)
f (a,
f (a ,b )+
a b (a, b) + 2 (x−a)(y−b) f
+
Answer: d
x y xx
Explanation: By definition 1! 1! 2!
2
2! xy

f(a + h, b + k) = f(a, b) + x−a f (a, b) + y−b

f (a, b) + (x−a)
f (a,b)+2(x−a)(y−b) (a,
1! x y xx xy
2!
f
here we can observe that second degree is of the form (p+q)2 similarly Taylor’s
theorem is
expanded to third degree which is of the form (p+q)3 & f (a+ h, b+ k) = f (x, y)
where(f = ∂f(x,y) , f = ∂f(x,y) , f = ∂ ( ∂f(x,y) ), f = ∂ ( ∂f(x,y) ), f = ∂ ( ∂f(x,y) )).
x ∂x y ∂y xx ∂x ∂x yy ∂y ∂y xy ∂x ∂y
2. Given f (x,y)=ex cosy,
what is the value of the fifth term in Taylor’s series near (1, π )
where
it is expanded in increasing order of degree & by following algebraic identity rule? 4
π
−e(x−1)( y− 4)
ab) −√2 e(√2 − 1 )(y − π )
e(x−1)2
x
c) √2
4
e(y− π )2
62
 VERTOS ADDA
d) √2 4

63
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: a
Explanation: Taylor’s series expansion is given by 2
f(a + h,b + k) = f ( a , b )+ x−a f (a, b) + y−b f (a,b) + (x−a)
f (x−a)(y−b) (a,
1! x ( a,b)+2 2!
f 1! y 2! xx xy
(x−a)(x−b)
Thus fifth term is givenx by 2 2! f xy (a, b)..(1) where
π a=1, b=π/4 &
f = ∂ ( ∂f(x,y) ) = ∂ ( ∂e cosy ) = − x ),f − substituting in (1)
e siny at (1, e
xy ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂y π = −
) e(x−1)(y− xy
4 √2
(x−1)(x2−!π/4) −e 2
√2 . √ = 4

We get fifth term as

2
3. Given f (x,y)=sinxy, what is the value of the third degree first term in Taylor’s
series
2
near (1,- π ) where it is expanded in increasing order of degree & by
following algebraic identity
rule?3
a) π
8
π3 (x−1)(y+ π )
b) 2
8 3!
c) 0 (x−31! )3

d) −
3
π8

Answer: c (x−a)3fxxx(x,y)
Explanation: Third degree first term in Taylor’s series is 3! Where a=1
given by

π ∂3f(x,y) ∂3sinxy 3
b = − 2 , fxxx(x, y) = i. e = −y cosxy…… (partial differentiating f (x,y)
w.r.t x only) ∂ 3 3x
π
π3cos−
π ∂3sinxy
at a = 1,b = − 2 , ∂x 3 =− 8
2
= 0 hence third degree first term is given by
3
− 8 3
π (x−1)3
.0 = 0.
4. Taylor’s theorem is mainly used in expressing the function as sum with infinite terms.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Taylor’s theorem helps in expanding a function into infinite terms
however, it can be applied to functions that can be expressed finitely.
y
5. Expansion of f(x, y) = tan−1 upto first degree containing (x+1) & (y-1) is
x
3π (x+1) −1 (y−1) −1 (x+1)2 −1 (y−1)2 1
a) 4+ 1! 2 + 1! 2 + 2! +2 2! 2
π
b) (x+1) −1 (y−1) −1 (x+1)2 1 (y−1)2 1
4 + 1! 2 + 1! 2 + 2! 4 + 2! 4
5π (x+1) −1 (y−1) (x+1)2 −1 (y−1)2 1
c) 4+ 1! 2 + 1! −1 2 + 2! +4 2! 4
3π (x+1) −1 (y−1) −1 (x+1)2 −1 (y−1)2 1
d) + + + +
64
 VERTOS ADDA
4 1! 2
Answer: a 1! 2 2! 4 2! 4
Explanation: We can expand the given function according t2o Taylor’s theorem
f(a + h,b + k) = f ( a , b )+ x−a f (a,b) + y−b f (a,b) + (x−a) f (x−a)(y−b) (a,
1! x 1! y 2! xx (a, b) + 2 2!
f xy

65
 VERTOS ADDA

Given a=-1 & b=1, f(-1,1)=tan-1-1 = 3π

66
 VERTOS ADDA
−y −1
fx = at (−1, 1) =
x +y
2 2 2
fy = x2+y2
at (−1,1) = −1
(x2+y2)−2x 2
fxy = 2
at (-1,1)=0
(x2+y2)2
2yx −2
fxx = at (−1, 1)= = −1
(x + y )
2 2 2
4
−2yx t2hus the series is given by
fyy = at (−1, 1) = 2 = 1
(x2+y2)2 4 2
(x+1) −1 (y−1) −1 (x+1)2 −1 2
3π
+ + + + (y−1) 1
.
4 1! 2 1! 2 2! 2 2! 2
TOPIC 2.8 MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF FUNCTIONS OF TWO
1VAhRaIt A
.W is B
thL
eEsaS
ddle point?
a) Point where function has maximum value
b) Point where function has minimum value
c) Point where function has zero value
d) Point where function neither have maximum value nor minimum value

Answer: d
Explanation: Saddle point is a point where function have neither maximum nor
minimum value.

2. Stationary point is a point where, function f(x,y)

have? a) ∂f ∂x = 0
b) ∂f ∂y = 0
c) ∂f ∂x = 0 & ∂f ∂y = 0
d) ∂f ∂x < 0 and ∂f ∂y > 0

Answer: c
Explanation: Point where function f(x,y) either have maximum or minimum value
is called saddle point. i.e, ∂f ∂x = 0 & ∂f ∂y = 0.

3. For function f(x,y) to have minimum value at (a,b) value is?

a) rt – s2>0 and r<0
b) rt – s2>0 and r>0
c) rt – s2<0 and r<0
d) rt – s2>0 and r>0

Answer: b
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have minimum value at
(a,b) rt – s2>0 and r>0
2 2 2
where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) => (a,b).

67
 VERTOS ADDA

4. For function f(x,y) to have maximum value at (a,b) is?

a) rt – s2>0 and r<0
b) rt – s2>0 and r>0
c) rt – s2<0 and r<0
d) rt – s2>0 and r>0

Answer: a
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have maximum value at
(a,b) rt – s2>0 and r<0
2 2 2
where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=(∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) => (a,b).

5. For function f(x,y) to have no extremum value at (a,b) is?

a) rt – s2>0
b) rt – s2<0
c) rt – s2 = 0
d) rt – s2 ≠ 0

Answer: b
Explanation: For the function f(x,y) to have no extremum value
2 2 2
at (a,b) rt – s2 < 0 where, r = ∂ f ∂x2, t=∂ f ∂y2, s=∂ f ∂x∂y, at (x,y) =>
(a,b).

6. Discuss minimum value of f(x,y)=x2 + y2 + 6x + 12.

a) 3
b) 3
c) -9
d) 9

Answer: b
Explanation: Given, f(x, y) = x2 + y2 + 6x +
12 Now, ∂f ∂x = 2x + 6 and ∂f ∂y = 2
Putting, ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0 we get,
(x,y) = (-3,0)
2 2 2
Now, r= ∂ f ∂x2 = 2>0 and t= ∂ f ∂y2 = 2 and s= ∂ f ∂x∂y
= 0 hence, rt – s2 = 4>0 and r>0
hence. f(x,y) has minimum value at (-3,0), which is f(x,y) = 12 + 9 – 18 = 3.

7. Discuss maximum or minimum value of f(x,y) = y 2 + 4xy + 3x2 + x3.

a) minimum at (0,0)
b) maximum at (0,0)
c) minimum at (2/3, -4/3)
d) maximum at (2/3, -4/3)

68
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: c
Explanation: Given,f(x,y) = y2 + 4xy + 3x2 +
x3 Now,∂f ∂x = 4y + 6x + 3x2 and ∂f ∂y = 2y +
4x
Putting,∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0,and solving two equations,we
get, (x,y) = (0,0) or (2/3, -4/3)
2 2 2
Now,at (0,0) r= ∂ f∂x 2=6+6x=6>0 and t= ∂∂yf 2
∂ f
=2>0 and s=∂x∂y
=4
hence, rt – s2 = 12 – 16<0,hence it has no extremum at this
point. 2 2 2
2 4 ∂ f ∂ f ∂ f
Now at ( 3,- 3) r= ∂x2 = 6 + 6x = 10>0 and t= ∂y =2>0 and s= ∂x∂y=4
hence, rt – s2 = 20 – 16 > 0 and r>0, hence it has minimum at this
point.(2 3, –4 3).

8. Find the minimum value of xy+a3 (1 x + 1 y).

a) 3a2
b) a2
c) a
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation:
Given,f(x,y) = xy + a3( 1 + 1y)
x
a3
Now, ∂f∂x = y − x2 and∂f∂y = x − y2
a3

Putting, ∂∂fx and ∂f∂=0,and

y solving two equations,we get,
(x,y)=(a,a) or (- 2a3 2 2a3 2
∂ f ∂ f
a,a)
Now, at (a,a) r = ∂2f = =2>0 and t = = =2>0 and s =
=1
∂x2 x3 ∂y2 y3 ∂x∂y
hence, rt-s2=3>0 2and r>0,hence
3
it has minimum
2 3
value at (a,a).
Now, at (-a,a) r= ∂ f = 2a =-2<0 and t = ∂ f = 2a =2>0 and s= 2
∂f
∂x2 x3 ∂y2 y3 ∂x∂y=1
hence, rt-s2=-5<0,hence it has no extremum at this point.

Hence maximum value is, f(a,a)=a2+a3 ( 1a + 1 )a= a2 + 2a2 = 3a2

9. Divide 120 into three parts so that the sum of their products taken two at
a time is maximum. If x, y, z are two parts, find value of x, y and z.
a) x=40, y=40, z=40
b) x=38, y=50, z=32
c) x=50, y=40, z=30

69
 VERTOS ADDA
d) x=80, y=30, z=50

Answer: b
Explanation: Now, x + y + z = 120 => z = 120 –
x – y f = xy + yz + zx
f = xy + y(120-x-y) + x(120-x-y) = 120x + 120y – xy – x2
– y2 Hence, ∂f ∂x = 120 – y – 2x and ∂f ∂y = 120 – x – 2y

70
 VERTOS ADDA

putting ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y equals to 0 we get, (x, y)=>(40, 40)

2 2 2
Now at (40,40), r=∂ f ∂x2 = -2 < 0, s = ∂ f ∂x∂y = -1, and t = ∂ f ∂y2
= -2 hence, rt – s2 = 5 > 0
since, r<0 and rt – s2 > 0 f(x,y) has maixum value at
(40,40), Hence, maximum value of f(40,40) = 120 – 40
– 40 = 40, Hence, x = y = z = 40.

10. Find the maximum value of Sin(A)Sin(B)Sin(C) if A, B, C are the angles of

triangle. a) 3√3
8
b) 3√4
8
c) – 3√3
8
d) π
8

Answer: a
Explanation: Given f(A,B,C)=Sin(A)Sin(B)Sin(c),

Since A, B, C are the angle of triangle, hence, C = 180 –

(A+B), hence, f(x,y) = Sin(x)Sin(y)Sin(x+y), where A = x

and B = y

Hence, ∂f ∂x = Cos(x)Sin(y)Sin(x+y) + Sin(x)Sin(y)Cos(x+y) =

Sin(y)Sin(y+2x) and, ∂f ∂y = Sin(x)Cos(y)Sin(x+y) + Sin(x)Sin(y)Cos(x+y)
= Sin(x)Sin(x+2y)

Hence, putting ∂f ∂x and ∂f ∂y = 0, we get (x,y)=(60,60), (120,120)

Hence, at (x,y) = (60,60)we get,r = -√3, s = -√3/2, t = -√3, hence, rt-s2= 9 4∂x>0

hence, r<0 andrt-s2>0 hence, f(x,y) or f(A,B) have maximum value at

(60,60) Hence, at (x,y)=(120,120)we get,r=√3,s=√3/2,t=√3,hence,rt-s 2

= 9 4∂x>0
And this value is 3√3 8
hence, r>0 and rt-s2 >0 hence, f(x,y) or f(A,B) have minimum value at
(60,60) and this value is –3√3 8.

11. The drawback of Lagrange’s Method of Maxima and minima is?

a) Maxima or Minima is not fixed
b) Nature of stationary point is can not be known
c) Accuracy is not good
d) Nature of stationary point is known but can not give maxima or minima
71
 VERTOS ADDA
Answer: b
Explanation: In lagrange’s theorem of maxima of minima one can not determine the
nature of stationary points.

72
 VERTOS ADDA

TOPIC 2.9 LAGRANGE'S METHOD OF UNDETERMINED

MULTIPLIERS.

1. In a simple one-constraint Lagrange multiplier setup, the constraint has to be

always one dimension lesser than the objective function.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: This condition is not always necessary because the lesser dimension
curve can still be treated as a higher dimension curve.

2. Maximize the function x + y – z = 1 with respect to the constraint xy=36.

a) 0
b) -8
c) 8
d) No Maxima exists

Answer: d
Explanation: Geometrically, we can see that the level curves can go further the
origin along the curve xy=36 infinitely and still not reach its maximum value. What
the Lagrange multiplier predicts in this case is the minimum value.

3. Which one of these is the right formula for the Lagrange multiplier with more
than one constraint?
a) ∇f = (μ)2 * ∇g1 + ∇g2
b) Cannot be applied to more than one constraint function.
c) ∇f = μ * ∇g1 + λ * ∇g2
d) ∇f = μ * ∇g1 + ∇g2

Answer: c
Explanation: The lagrange multiplier can be applied to any number of
constraints and the condition is
∇f = Σni=1 μi ∇gi
Where μi, μ2 ......... μn are appropriate constraints(scalar multiples).

4. Maximum value of a 3-d plane is to be found over a circular region. Which of the
following happens if we increase the radius of the circular region.
a) Maximum value is invariant
b) Maximum value decreases
c) Maximum value increases and minimum value goes lesser
d) minimum value goes higher

Answer: c
Explanation: Consider the level curves of the plane. These are the set of straight
lines with equal slope and unequal intercepts. Now as the radius of the circular
region is increased, we
73
 VERTOS ADDA

see that the Lagrange condition(i.e. the level curves to be tangent to the circular
boundary) happens to occur further away form the origin. Thus the maximum value is
pushed further and the minimum value is decreased further.

5. Find the points on the plane x + y + z = 9 which are closest to

origin. a) (3,3,3)
b) (2,1,3)
c) (2,2,2)
d) (3,4,1)

Answer: a
Explanation: The objective function is f(x,y,z) = x2 + y2
+ z2 compute gradient ∇f = 2x i + 2y j + 2z k
Now compute gradient of the function x + y + z
= 9 which is
=i+j+k
Using Lagrange condition we have
∇f = λ . ∇g
2x i + 2y j + 2z k = λ * (i + j + k)
⇒ x = y =z
Put this back into constraint function we
get 3x = 9 ⇒ (x,y,z) = (3,3,3).

6. Consider the points closest to the origin on the planes x + y + z = a.

a) The closest point travels farther as a is increased
b) The closest point travels nearer as a is increased
c) The closest point is independent of a as a is not there in the expression of the
gradient.
d) Varies as a2, away from the origin.

Answer: a
Explanation: The intercept of the planes increase as we increase the a value.
Hence, we may conclude that the closest point of lower a value plane would be
closer to the origin. The Lagrange multiplier set up can be used to verified this.

7. The span of a Astroid is increased along both the x and y axes equally. Then the
maximum value of: z = x + y along the Astroid is?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Invariant
d) The scaling of Astroid is irrelevant

Answer: a
Explanation: Calculating the gradients considering the general form of Astroid as x 2/3 +
y2/3
= a2/3 and then equating them by Lagrange
condition. we can conclude that the maximum
74
 VERTOS ADDA
value increases.

75
 VERTOS ADDA
x2 xn
8. The extreme value of the function f(x , x ,….. x )= x1 + + …… +
With respect
1 2 n 20 21 2n−1
to the constraint Σm2
i=1 (xi) = 1 where m always stays lesser than n and as m,n
tends to ain)f1inity is?
b) 2
√3
c) 23
d) 1 2

Answer: b
Explanation: First consider these functions as infinite dimension vectors. Given the
constraint dimension is always less than the objective we can apply the Lagrange
condition. We now
h1ave
i11+ i12 + i3 + …. . ∞ = λ. (2x1i1 + 2x2i2 + 2x3i3 + …∞)

T1reating2 equati4ons individually we get

1
x11=and xso
2
=
o n.
Putting2λback in constraint we get
41λ 1
1= 2 + 2 + ….∞
(2λ) (4λ)
1
1= + ( 1 + 1 + 1 … . ∞)
2
22
⇒ λ =(λ)1 √3 42 82
Hence, we get the extreme value (after putting back values of variables in the function)
as
extreme value = 1 + 1 + 1 + … 2∞
5√3
2√3 23√3
2√3 2
extreme value = 1 = 3√3
1 1−

UNIT III INTEGRAL CALCULUS

TOPIC 3.1 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

1. Integration of function is same as the
a) Joining many small entities to create a large entity
b) Indefinitely small difference of a function
c) Multiplication of two function with very small change in value
d) Point where function neither have maximum value nor minimum value

Answer: a
Explanation: Integration of function is same as the Joining many small entities to
create a large entity.

76
 VERTOS ADDA

2. Integration of (Sin(x) + Cos(x))ex is

a) ex Cos(x)
b) ex Sin(x)
c) ex Tan(x)
d) ex (Sin(x)+Cos(x))

Answer: b
Explanation: Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ ex Sin(x)dx = ex Sin(x) – ∫ ex Cos(x)dx
∫ ex Sin(x)dx + ∫ ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ ex [Cos(x)+Sin(x)]dx = ex Sin(x).

3. Integration of (Sin(x) – Cos(x))ex is

a) -ex Cos(x)
b) ex Cos(x)
c) -ex Sin(x)
d) ex Sin(x)

Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ ex Sin(x)dx = -ex Cos(x) + ∫ ex Cos(x)dx
∫ ex Sin(x)d-∫ ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ ex [Sin(x)-Cos(x)]dx = -ex Cos(x).
4. Value of ∫ Cos2 (x) Sin2 (x)dx.
Cos(2x)
a) 1 [x − ]
8 2
b) 1 [x − Cos(2x) ]
4 2
1 Sin(2x)
c) 8 [x − 2 ]
d) 1 [x − Sin(2x) ]

4 2
En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Add constant automatically
[1−Cos(2x)]
Given,f(x)=∫ Cos2(x)Sin2(x)dx = 1 ∫ Sin2(2x)dx = 1 ∫ dx = 1 [x − Sin(2x)
]
4 4 2 8 2
5. If differentiation of any function is zero at any point and constant at other
points then it means?
a) Function is parallel to x-axis at that point
b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point
c) Function is constant
d) Function is discontinuous at that point

Answer: a
Explanation: Since slope of a function is given by dy dx at that point. Hence, when dy dx
=0
77
 VERTOS ADDA

means slope of a function is zero i.e, parallel to x axis.

Function is not a constant function since it has finite value at other points.

6. If differentiation of any function is infinite at any point and constant at other points
then it means
a) Function is parallel to x-axis at that point
b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point
c) Function is constant
d) Function is discontinuous at that point

Answer: a
Explanation: Since slope of a function is given by dy dx at that point.Hence,when
dy
dx = ∞ means slope of a function is 90 degree i.e,parallel to y axis.

7. Integration of function y = f(x) from limit x1 < x < x2 , y1 < y < y2, gives
a) Area of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
b) Volume of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
c) Slope of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
d) Maximum value of f(x) within x1 < x < x2

Answer: a
Explanation: Integration of function y=f(x) from limit x1 < x < x2 , y1 < y < y2, gives
area of f(x) within x1 < x < x2.

8. Find the value of ∫ ln(x) x dx.

a) 3a2
b) a2
c) a
d) 1

En
A xpsw
laenra:taion: Add constant
ln(x)
automatically Given, f(x)=∫ dx
x
Let, z=ln(x)=>dz=
=> f(x) = ∫ zdz = z2/2 =
2
dx (x) 2
x ln

9. Find the value of ∫ t (t+3)(t+2) dt,

is? a) 2 ln(t+3)-3 ln(t+2)
b) 2 ln(t+3)+3 ln(t+2)
c) 3 ln(t+3)-2 ln(t+2)
d) 3 ln(t+3)+2ln(t+2)

Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given, et = x => dx = et
78
 VERTOS ADDA
dt,

79
 VERTOS ADDA

ln(x)
Given, f(x)=∫
ln2(2x)
dx
x 2=
Let, z=ln(x)=>dz= => f (x) = ∫ zdz =
dx 2
z
x

10. Find the value of ∫ cot3(x) cosec4 (x).

cot4(x) cosec6(x6)
a) –[ ]
+4
b) –[ cose4c4(x)
+ cosec (x6)]
6

cot44(x) cot6(x6)
c) –[ ]
+
44 6
cosec (x)
d) –[
6
cot (x)
Answer: c + Add constant
Explanation:
]
automatically
Given, ∫ cot3(x)cosec4(x)dx = − ∫ cot3(x)cosec2(x)dcot(x)
=-∫ t3 (1 + t2 )dt = −[ t
4
4 6
+ t ] = cot (x) + c ot (x) ]
6

−[
4 4 6 4 6
11. Find the value sec (x)
of √tan(x) dx.
∫
a) 2 √tan(x)[5 + sec2(x)]
b) 25√sec(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
c) 25√tan(x)[6 + tan2(x)]
5

5
d) 2 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant automatically
sec4(x)
Given, dx √tan(x)
∫
sec2(x)sec2(x)
=∫ √tan(x)
dx
=∫ √ t2 dt
1+
= 1 3/2
[+t ]dt
∫ √t

=2√t + 2 5t5/2
5
= 2 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
12. Find the value of ∫ 4 2 1 dx.
a) 8 1 sin(-1)(x + 2) 1

c) 1 8 sec(-1)(x + 1 2)
b)1 4 tan(-1)(x + 1 2)
d) 1 4 cos(-1)(x + 1 2)
80
 VERTOS ADDA
Answer: b x +4x+5

Explanation: Add constant automatically

81
 VERTOS ADDA

Given, 1
x2 4 dx
+4 x+5
∫
1 1
=∫ dx = ∫ dx = 1 tan−1(x + 1 )
4(x2+x+5 + 1 +1 ) 4[(x+1 )2+12]) 4 2
4 4 4 2
13. Find the value of ∫ √4x2 + 4x + 5dx.

a) 2[ ( + )√( + ) + 1)] + [( + ) + √( + ) + 1]
12
x 1 2
x 1 2 2 ln x 1
x 21 2 2

b) 2[ √ ( + ) + 1)] +
12
x [( + ) + √( + ) + 1]
1 22 1
ln x2 1
x2 1 2 2

c) 2[ ( + ) √( + ) + 1)] +
12
x 1 2
[ ( + ) + √ ( + ) + 1]
x 1 2 2 1
ln x 2 1 x 21 2 2

d) 2[( + )√( + ) + 1)] + [ ( + ) + √ ( + ) + 1]

2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 1 2
x x ln x x
En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Add constant
automatically Given, ∫ √ 4x2 + 4x + 5dx = ∫
√
2 (x + 1 )2 + 12 dx 1 [ ]
=∫ 2√t2 + 12dt = 2 t√t2 + 1 + 1 ln[t + √t2 + 21]
2 2
2 2 2 2 2

=2 [ 1 √ ] [
(x + 1 ) (x + 1 )2 + 1) + 1 ln (x + 1 ) + √(x + 1/2)2 + 1 ]
TOPIC 3.2 SUBSTITUTION RULE
1. The atom which defines the structure of a family of organic compounds and their
properties is called
a) Resonating structure
b) Homologous structure
c) Functional group
d) Nucleophile

Answer: c
Explanation: The atom which defines the structure of a family of organic
compounds and their properties is called a functional group. Functional groups are
specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the
characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

2. The functional group in alkyl halide is

a) Hydroxyl group
b) Halogen atom
c) Inert gas
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The functional group in alkyl halide is a halogen atom. Halide refers to
halogen.

82
 VERTOS ADDA

Halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related
elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

3. The halide ion is an extremely

a) Weak base
b) Weak acid
c) Strong base
d) Strong acid

Answer: a
Explanation: The halide ion is an extremely weak base because hydrogen halide are
acidic as they release a proton.

4. When the nucleophile :OR attacks the RX, the resultant product will be
a) R – OH
b) ROR
c) R:CN
d) RNHR

Answer: b
Explanation: When the nucleophile :OR attacks the RX, the resultant product will be
ROR. X will be separated.

5. Select the correct statement from the following option.

a) SN2 reaction follows second order kinetics
b) No intermediate is involved in SN2 mechanism
c) SN2 reactions are one-step reaction
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: SN2 reaction follows second order kinetics and no intermediate is
involved in it. So, SN2 reactions are one-step reaction.

6. The reactivity order of alkyl halides in SN2 is

a) CH3 X > 10 > 20 > 30
b) CH3 X > 20 > 10 > 30
c) CH3 X > 30 > 10 > 20
d) CH3 X > 30 > 20 > 10

Answer: a
Explanation: The correct order of reactivity in alkyl halide is- CH3 X > 10 > 20 > 30.
CH3 X is most reactive whereas 30 is least reactive.

7. SN1 reaction involves heterolysis to form the carbocation as an intermediate.

a) True

83
 VERTOS ADDA

b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: SN1 reaction involves heterolysis to form the carbocation as an
intermediate.

8. Which step in SN1 reaction is a slow rate determining step?

a) Attack of nucleophile
b) Formation of a racemic mixture
c) Formation of a transition state
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: The first step of formation of the transition state is a slow rate
determining step in SN1 reaction.

9. A low concentration of nucleophile favours the

a) SN2 reaction
b) SN1 reaction
c) Both SN1 and SN1 reaction
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: A low concentration of nucleophile favours the S N1 reaction
but high concentration of nucleophile favours the S N2 reaction.

10. Which of the following reactions are favoured by polar aprotic solvent?
a) SN1 reactions
b) SN2 reactions
c) Both SN1 and SN1 reactions
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: SN1 reactions are favoured by polar protic solvents whereas S N2
reactions are favoured by polar aprotic solvent.

11. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of leaving group in nucleophilic
substitution reaction.
a) H– > Cl– > HO– > Br– > CH3COO–
b) Cl– > Br– > HO– > H– > CH3COO–
c) Cl– > Br– > CH3COO – > HO– > H–
d) HO– > CH3COO – > H– > Br– > Cl–

Answer: c
Explanation: The correct order is- Cl– > Br– > CH3COO – > HO– > H–.

84
 VERTOS ADDA

12. Reaction of alcohol with SOCl2 is

a) SN1
b) SN2
c) SNAr
d) SNi

Answer: d
Explanation: Reaction of alcohol with SOCl2 proceeds with retention of
configuration via substitution nucleophilic internal (S Ni) mechanism.

13. The nucleophilic substitutions do not occur in haloarenes because

a) The carbon-halogen bond is much shorter
b) The carbon-halogen bond is stronger compared to that in haloalkanes
c) The lone pair of electrons on the halogen participates in delocalisation with the π-
electrons of benzene ring
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: The nucleophilic substitutions do not occur in haloarenes because the
carbon- halogen bond is much shorter and stronger compared to that in haloalkanes
and the lone pair of electrons on the halogen participates in delocalisation with the
π-electrons of benzene ring.

14. Which of the following drastic condition is required for the substitution in haloarenes?
a) High temperature
b) High pressure
c) Strong concentrated reagent
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Drastics conditions like high temperature, high pressure and strong
concentrated reagents are used to carry substitution in haloarenes.

15. The rate of nucleophilic substitution reactions are higher in the presence of
a) Electron withdrawing groups
b) Electron releasing groups
c) Both electron withdrawing and releasing groups
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: The rate of nucleophilic substitution reactions are higher in the
presence of electron withdrawing groups.

TOPIC 3.3 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

1. For the below-mentioned figure, conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R
f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to cylindrical polar with coordinates p(ρ,∅,z) is givenby
85
 VERTOS ADDA

a) ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz
b) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) dρ d∅ dz
c) ∭R*f(ρ,∅,z) ρ∅ dρ d∅ dz
d) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) ρ2 dρ d∅ dz

Answer: a
Explanation: From the figure we can write x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z now we know that during change of variables f(x,y,z) is
replaced by
( )
f (ρ,∅, z) ∗ J
x,y,z
with limits in functions of x,y,z to functions of ρ,∅,z respectively
∂ρx ,⎨,z ∂x ∂x
∂p ∂∅ ∂z cos∅ −psin∅ 0
ρ,∅,z ∂p ∂∅ ∂z

( )
∂yz
x,y,z
∂y ∂y
= sin0∅ pco0s∅ = cos∅(ρcos∅) +ρsin∅(sin∅)
J ∂p
0
1
= ∂⎨ ∂z

= ρ, thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz where R* is the new region.

2. For the below mentione figure ,conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R

f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to spherical polar with coordinates p(r,θ,∅) is given by

86
 VERTOS ADDA

a) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) sinθ dr dθ d∅

b) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 dr dθ d∅
c) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 cosθ dr dθd∅
d) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 sinθ dr dθd∅

En
A xpsw
laenra:tdion: From the figure we can write x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z = r

cos θ now we know that during a change of variables f(x,y,z) is replaced by f (ρρ,⎨,
,∅,z

z) ∗ J ( )
x,y,z

with limits in f∂uxnctio∂xns of∂xx ,y,z to functions of r,θ,∅ respectively

∂r ∂θ ∂⎨ sinθcos∅ rcosθcos∅ −rsinθsin∅
x,y,z ∂y ∂y ∂y
J ( )= ∂r
∂z
∂θ
∂z
∂⎨
∂z
= sinθcsoisnθ∅ rc−orssθisniθn∅ rsinθc0os∅

ρ,∅,z ∂r ∂θ ∂⎨
= sin θ cos ∅(r2 sin2 θ cos∅) + r cos θ cos ∅(r sin θ cos ∅ cos θ) – r sin θ sin ∅
= (-r sin2 θ sin∅-r cos2 θ sin∅)……on solving we get r2 sinθ
thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(r,θ,∅)r2 sinθ dr dθ d∅ where R* is the new region.

3. If ∭R xyz dx dy dz is solved using cylindrical coordinate where R is the region

bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, z=1 & x2+y2=1 then what is the value of that
integral?
a) 1/24
b) 1/16
c) 1/4
87
 VERTOS ADDA
d) 1/2

88
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
Explanation: x2+y2=1→ρ varies from 0 to 1 substituting x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z z varies from 0 to1, x=0, y=0→∅ varies from 0 to π/2
thus the given integral is changed to cylindrical polar given by
π π 1
1 1 3 1 3 z 2 0

∫02 ∫0 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ
π
ρ 3 1
z dz dρ d∅ = ∫0 2 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ
π
[ ] 2 d ρ d∅
1
∫
0
2
cos∅sin∅ 8[ ] d∅ = ∫
0
0
2
cos∅sin∅ 8 d∅
put sin ∅=t, dt=cos ∅

t varies from 0 to 1 10∫ 18t dt = [ ]t2 16

1
=0 1 . 16

4. The volume of the region R defined by inequalities 0≤z≤1, 0≤y+z≤2,0≤x+y+z≤3 is

given by
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 1

Answer: b
Explanation: It is observed from equations that the region is made of parallelepiped
thus volume of parallelepiped is given by triple integral over the given region.
i.e by using substitutions as x+y+z=p, y+z=q, z=r the new region becomes R * where
p varies from 0 to 3, q varies from 0 to 2 & r varies from 0 to 1 jacobian of this
transformation is given
by ∂p ∂p ∂p
∂x ∂y ∂z 1 1 1
p,q,r ∂q ∂q ∂q
J ( )
= ∂∂xr ∂∂yr ∂z
∂r
= 0 1 1

x,y,z 0 0 1 = 1(1)– 1(0) + 1(0) = 1

( ) ( )( ) ( )
∂x ∂y ∂z
x,y,z x,y,z p,q ,r
but we need J w. k. t J J = 1 thus J x,y,z = 1
p,q,r p,q,r x,y,z p,q,r
now the volume is given by ∫ 2 ∫ 3 dp dq dr = ∫ 1 ∫ 2 3 dq dr = ∫ 1 6dr = 6.
∫1
0 0 0 0 0 0
3

5. What is the value of

integral∭R
2 2 2 2

x2+y2 +z ≤1? e(x +y +z ) dx dy dz where R is the region given by

2
4π(e3−1)
a)
4π(e3−1)
b) 3
4π(e2+1)
89
 VERTOS ADDA
c) 3
3
8π(e+1)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: It can be noticed that R is the region bounded by sphere from the
equation x2+y2+z2≤1 thus we are using spherical coordinate to solve this problem
i.e clearly radius r varies from 0 to 1, θ varies from 0 to π & ∅ varies from 0 to 2π

90
 VERTOS ADDA

1.5
r2sinθ dr dθ d∅
2
thus the given integral changes to er
R∗

1.5
er is obtained by substituting x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z=r cos θ & hence
2
solving
the2πsamπe, no1 w substituting R*
∫ ∫ ∫
2π π
we get 1 2 r3
21.5 d∅
dθ sinθ r e dr
er 2r sinθ dr dθ d∅=
0 0 0 π r3=1 ∫ 0
∫ 0 ∫ 0

3 3
0 r3=0

[ ] ⎨ [e ]
2π ⎨ − cosθ 1 r
3

TOPIC 3.4 INTEGRAT=ION B.Y PARTS

4π(e−1)

1. Find the value of ∫tan-

1(x)dx. a) sec-1 (x) – 1 ln(1
2
+ x2)
b) xtan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)
c) xsec-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)
d) tan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given, ∫tan-1(x)dx
Putting, x = tan(y),
We get, dy = sec2(y)dy,
∫ysec2(y)dy
By integration by parts,
ytan(y) – log(sec(y)) = xtan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2).

2. Integration of (Sin(x) + Cos(x))ex is?

a) ex Cos(x)
b) ex Sin(x)
c) ex Tan(x)
d) ex (Sin(x) + Cos(x))

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ex Sin(x)dx = ex Sin(x) – ∫ex Cos(x)dx
∫ex Sin(x)dx + ∫ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ex [Cos(x) + Sin(x)]dx = ex Sin(x).

3. Find the value of ∫x3 Sin(x)dx.

91
 VERTOS ADDA
a) x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)

92
 VERTOS ADDA

b) – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) – 6Sin(x)

c) – x3 Cos(x) – 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)
d) – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)

Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = x3 Sin(x)
∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3∫x2 Cos(x)dx
∫x2 Cos(x)dx = x2 Sin(x) – 2∫xSin(x)dx
∫xSin(x)dx = – xCos(x) + ∫Cos(x)dx = – xCos(x) + Sin(x)
=> ∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3[x2 Sin(x) – 2[ – xCos(x) + Sin(x)]]
=> ∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x).

4. Value of ∫uv dx,where u and v are function

of x. ba) ∑i=n 1 n (−1)iuivi+1
i+1
i=0 uiv i i+1
dc) ∑ n
i= 0 n (−1)
ui v
(−1)iuivn−i
i=0
Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant automatically
i
Given, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑n (=−0 1)iui vi+1
5. Find the value of ∫x7 Cos(x) dx.
a) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
b) x7 Sin(x) – 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) – 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) – 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) – 5040Cos(x)
c) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
d) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 10080Cos(x)

Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant automatically
By, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑n i=0 (−1)iuivi+1
Let, u = x7 and v = Cos(x),
∫x7 Cos(x) dx = x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) +
2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
6. Find the value of ∫x3 ex e2x e3x….enx dx.

a) 2 e
n(n+1)

2
x
[x + 3x [
3 2 2
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]3 ]
n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)

93
 VERTOS ADDA

b) 2 e
n(n+1)

2
x
[x + 3x [
3 2 2
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]3]
[[ ]]
n(n+1)
c) n(n2+1)
e 2
x
x3 + 3 x 2 [ n(n2+1) 1
] + 6 x[ n(n2+1) 2
] + 6[ n(n2+1) 3
]
n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)
n(n+1)
3 2 2
d) 2 e 2 x
x + 3x [ ]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]3
n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)
Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant automatically
By, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑ i=0 (−1)iuivi+1
n
3 x 2x 3x nx x(1+2+3+…n n(n+1)x
)
Let, u = x and v=e e e …..e =e =e 2 ,
∫ 3 x 2 3
x e e xe x .............. e xdx n

n(n+1) n(n+1)
= x3 2
e 2 x
+ 3x 2 [ 2
]2e 2 x
n(n+1) n(n+1)
n(n2+1) n(n +
2 1) x
2 2
+6x[ ] 3e x
+ 6[ ] 4e

[
x + 3x2 [
]
3
= 2 n(ne+1
n()n+1)
2
x 2
n(n+1) ]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]3

n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)

7. Find the area of a function f(x) = x2 + xCos(x) from x = 0 to a, where, a>0.

2
a
a) 2+ aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1
3
a
b) 3+ aSin(a) + Cos(a)
3
a
c) 3+ aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1
3
a
d) 3+ Cos(a) + Sin(a) – 1

Answer: c
Explanation: Given, f(x) = x2 + xCos(x)
3
2 x
Hence, F(x) = ∫x + xCos(x) dx = 3 + xSin(x) + Cos(x)
Hence, area inside f(x) is,
3
a
F(a) – F(0) = 3 + aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1.

8. Find the area ln(x) x from x = x = aeb to a.

2
b
a) 2
b) b 2
c) b
d) 1
Answer: a
Explanation:

Let, F(x)=∫ ln(x)

x dx
Let, z=ln(x)=>dz=dx ln/2x(x)
z2
=F(x)=∫ zdz= 2 =
94
 VERTOS ADDA
2

95
 VERTOS ADDA

Area inside curve from 4a to a ln2( aeb

)
is,
ln2(a2eb) (a)
ln22 ln2(2eb) b2
− = a
=
F(aeb) − F(a) 2 =
=
9. Find the area inside a function f(t) t
dt from t = -1 to 0.
= (
t+3)(t+2)
a) 4 ln(3) –
5ln(2)
b) 3 ln(3)
c)3 ln(3) – 4ln(2)
d) 3 ln(3) – 5
ln(2)

Answer: d
Explanation:
Now, F(t)=∫ +3)(tt+2) dt
(t
F∫(t[)=t+3∫−( t+3] d)(t+2
3 2
= xt+2 dtt
)
=∫ [ 3 ]dx − ∫ [ 2 ]dx
t+3 t+2
=3 ln(t+3)-2ln(t+2)
Now area inside a function is, F(0) – F(-1),
hence, F(0)-F(-1)=3 ln(3)-2 ln(2)-3 ln(2)+2 ln(1)=3 ln(3)-5ln(2)
sec4(x
10. Find the area inside integral ) from x = 0 to π.
f(x)=
a) π √tan(x)
b) 0
c) 1
d) 2

Answer: b
Explanatio sec4(x)
n: dx
Given,F(x) √tan(x)
=
∫
sec2(x)sec2(x)
F(x)= dx
√tan(x)
∫
=∫ 1+
2
√tt dt
= 1 3/2
[ + t ]dt
∫ √t

=2√t + 2 t55/2
F(x)= 52 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
Now area inside a function f(x) from x=0 to

96
 VERTOS ADDA
π, is F(π)-F(0)=0-0=0
(2x3+5x2−4
11. Find the area inside ) from x = 1 to a.
function
2 x2
a) a 22 + 5a – 4ln(a)
a 11
b) 2 + 5a – 4ln(a) – 2

97
 VERTOS ADDA
2
a 11
c) 22 + 4ln(a) – 2
a 11
d) 2 + 5a – 2

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given,
(2x3+5x2−4)
f(x) = ,
x2 2
x
Integrating it we get, F(x) = 2 + 5x – 4ln(x)
Hence, area2under, x = 1 to a, is 2
a a 11
F(a) – F(1)= 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 1/2 – 5= 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 2

12. Find the value of ∫(x4 – 5x2 – 6x)4 4x3 – 10x – 6

dx. (x44−5x2−6x)4
a)
(x4−5x2−6x)5
b) 5
(4x3−10x−6)5
c) 5
4 4
d) (4x −10x−6)
3

Answer: b
xpl a n ati4on: A2dd constant 4 3
pu t tin g∫,x(x4−− 55xx −2−66xx) 4=xz−, w
E
Given, 10xautomatically
− 6dx 3
5
( x − 5x − 6x ) 5
4 2 e get, dz = − 10 x − 6dx
4x
=
∫ z4 dz = z 5
5

13. Temperature of a rod is increased by moving x distance from origin and is

given by equation T(x) = x2 + 2x, where x is the distance and T(x) is change of
temperature w.r.t distance. If, at x = 0, temperature is 40 C, find temperature at
x=10.
a) 473 C
b) 472 C
c) 474 C
d) 475 C

Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature3at distance x is,
2 x 2
T = ∫T(x) dx = ∫x + 2x dx = 3 + x +
C At x=0 given T = 40 C
C = T(x = 0) = 40
C At x= 10,
T(x = 10) = 1000 3 + 100 + 43 = 473 C.
1
14. Find the value 16 2 dx.
of ∫
a) 1 8 sin-1(x + 1 2)
98
 VERTOS ADDA
x +16x+10

99
 VERTOS ADDA

b) 1 8 tan-1(x + 1 2)
c) 1 8 sec-1(x + 1 2)
d) 1 4 cos-1(x + 1 2)

Answer: b
Explanation: A1 dd constant
1
automatically
Given, 16 x
2
+16x +1 dx = 4x 2 1 +5
∫ 0
2∫ dx
1 1+4x
=∫ dx = ∫ dx = 1 tan−1(x + 1 )
8(x2+x+5 1
+ + ) 1
8[(x+1 )2+12] 8 2

4 4 4 2

TOPIC 3.5 TRIGONOM ETRIC INTEGRALS

1. The Taylor series for f(x)=7x2 -6x+1 at x=2 is given by a+b(x-2)+c(x-2) 2. Find the value of
a+b+c.
a) -1
b) 0
c) 17
d) 46

Answer: d
f1(4xx) =
kn ow− f”( 76xxE2
′
x)−p=6lax1n4+at1iofn(:x)W=e f”′(x) = 0
Thus for n>=3, the derivative of the function is 0.
As2per the Taylor Series, fn(2)(x−2)n
7x − 6x + 1 = ∑∞ n!
2 n=0′
7x − 6x + 1 = f(2) + f (2)(x − 2) + 1 f”(2)(x − 2)2 + 0
2
2
7x − 6x + 1 = 17 + 22(x − 2) + 7(x − 2)2
Thus, a=17, b=22, c=7
aT+hbu+s ct=
he46answer is 46.

2. Find∞ the Taylor Series for the function f(x) = e−6x aboutx=-4.
n∞=0 (−6)nn 12 n
∞n=0 (−6) e24(x + 4)n
a∞
n =0∑
nb) (−6)n 24 − 4 )n
d) ∑ 24 (x + n4)
(−n4!)n e
e (x + 4)
c) ∑ n!
AEn xpswlaenra:tcio n: We start by finding the derivative of the given function,
n!

n!

f(x) = e−6x

100
 VERTOS ADDA

′ −6x
”((′(x(x)x))== −6
ff”” −12e2e1966xe−e6xx) x
Thus we take derivative of maximum to the fourth order.
Thus according to formula of Taylor series about x=-4
fn(−4)
e−6x =∑ ∞ n!n (24
x + 4)n
n=0 (−6) n
−6x ∞
e ( x + 4)
e =∑ n!

n=0
Thus the Taylor Series is given by
e−6x =∑ ∞ n!

(−6)n 24
e (x + 4)n.
n=0
TOPIC 3.6 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS
1. While taking Observations for the height and distances, which method of surveying is
used?
a) Chain surveying
b) Compass surveying
c) Plane surveying
d) Geodic surveying

Answer: c
Explanation: Geodic surveying is used because it is assumed that the distances
between the points observed are not large so that either the effect of curvature and
refraction may be neglected or proper corrections may be applied linearly.

2. From the figure, the value of D can be given as

a) D = (b tan α1) / (tan α1 – tan α2)

b) D = (b tan α2) / (tan α2 – tan α1)
c) D = (b tan α1) / (tan α2 – tan α1)
d) D = (b tan α2) / (tan α1 – tan α2)

Answer: b
Explanation: From the figure, h = D tan α1 and h = (b +D) tan α2

101
 VERTOS ADDA

By equating we get,
D tan α1 = (b + D) tan α2
D = (b tan α2) / (tan α2 – tan α1).

3. The correction for curvature and refraction is applied when the points are
having small distance between them.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: If the points are at small distance apart then there is no need to
apply the correction for the curvature and refraction else you can apply the
correction i.e.,
C= 0.06728D*D
Where, D is the horizontal distance between the given two points in Kilometres.

4. Which of the following indicates the value of D, when base of object is accessible?
a) D = s / tan α
b) D = tan α / s
c) D = tan α / h
d) D = h / tan α

Answer: d
Explanation: When base of the object is
accessible then, h = D tan α and D = h / tan α.

5. From the figure, determine the value of s

a) S = D tanα1 – b tanα2 – D tanα2

b) S = D tanα2 – b tanα2 – D tanα2
c) S = D tanα1 – b tanα1 – D tanα2
d) S = D tanα1 – b tanα2 – D tanα1

Answer: a
Explanation: From the figure, h1 = D tanα1 and h2 = (b+D)
tanα2 Subtracting, we get h1 – h2 = D tanα1 – b tanα2 – D
tanα2

102
 VERTOS ADDA
h1 – h2 = s, so we get s = D tanα1 – b tanα2 – D tanα2.

103
 VERTOS ADDA

6. Which of the following is not a case in trigonometric levelling?

a) Base of object is accessible
b) Base of object is inaccessible
c) Base of object is at accurate position
d) Base of object is inaccessible, station is not in vertical plane

Answer: c
Explanation: In order to get the difference in elevation between the instrument
station and the object under observation, we consider some cases which include:
Case 1: Base of the object accessible.
Case 2: Base of the object inaccessible – Instrument stations in the same vertical plane
as the elevated object.
Case 3: Base of the object inaccessible – Instrument stations not in the same vertical
plane as the elevated object.

7. Among the following, which represents the method of observation?

a) Indirect method
b) Reciprocal method
c) Recurring method
d) Transit method

Answer: b
Explanation: The method of observation includes direct method, used when
instrument isn’t possible to set over station and reciprocal method, where two
instrument stations are used.

8. In which of the following cases, two instrument stations are used?

a) Base of the object is at infinity
b) Base of the object is at accurate position
c) Base of the object is accessible
d) Base of the object is inaccessible

Answer: d
Explanation: In case of inaccessible base of the object, for calculation of elevation of
the required point, two instrument stations are used. By using two instruments, it
would be helpful for calculating the value of R.L.

104
 VERTOS ADDA

9. From the figure, determine R.L of Q from A?

a) R.L = R.L of A + h + H2
b) R.L = R.L of A + s + H1
c) R.L = R.L of A + s + H2
d) R.L = R.L of B + H1 + h

Answer: b
Explanation: The R.L of Q can be calculate by calculating the values of H1 and H2
from which it is given as
R.L = R.L of A + s + H1
Where, s = H2- H1.

10. In Geodic surveying, correction for curvature and refraction are neglected.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: In geodic surveying, the shape of earth is considered which implies
that the correction of curvature and refraction are applied for mitigating errors.

11. Calculate the R.L of B, if D = 24.96 m, angle for line of sight is +4 024ꞌ, height of
the axis will be 1.29 m and the R.L of A is 400 m.
a) 403.21 m
b) 430.21 m
c) 403.12 m
d) 401.32 m

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of R.L can be given as, R.L of B = R.L of A + H.I + h. The
value of h can be calculated from h = D*tan α = 24.96 * tan (4 024ꞌ) = 1.921 m.
Now, R.L = 400 + 1.29 + 1.921 = 403.21 m.

12. From the figure, find the horizontal distance between the station and staff and
consider distance between stations will be 2 m.

105
 VERTOS ADDA

a) 1.6 m
b) 1.4 m
c) 1.2 m
d) 1.8 m

Answer: d
Explanation: While using two instrument stations, when the base is horizontal the
value of horizontal distance D is given as, D = (b * tanα 2) / (tanα1 – tanα2). On
substitution, we get, D
= (2*tan (2052ꞌ)) / (tan (602ꞌ) – tan (2052ꞌ)) = 1.8 m.

13. By using the data provided from the figure, find the value of h1. Where α1 =
9024ꞌ, α2 =4044ꞌ, b = 1.2 m, s = 1.295 m.

a) 2.66 m
b) 2.86 m
c) 2.79 m
d) 2.97 m

Answer: c
Explanation: When the instrument stations are at different instrument levels, there
would be two heights, off which, h1 can be calculated by
h1 = (s + b*tanα2)*tanα1 / (tanα1 – tanα2). By substituting the required values we
get, h1 = (1.295 + 1.2 * tan4044ꞌ) / (tan9024ꞌ – tan4044ꞌ) = 2.79 m.

106
 VERTOS ADDA

14. If the value of D = 2000m, what would be correction for

curvature? a) 0.629 sq. m
b) 0.269 sq. m
c) 0.962 sq. m
d) 0.692 sq. m

Answer: b
Explanation: The correction for curvature can be applied as, Cr =
0.06728*D2. On substituting, we get, Cr = 0.06728*22 = 0.269 sq. m.

TOPIC 3.7 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS BY PARTIAL

FRACTION

https://mcqslearn.com/math/mcq/par
tial- fractions-multiple-choice-
questions- answers.php
TOPIC 3.8 INTEGRATION OF IRRATIONAL FUNCTIONS
1. Integration of function is same as the
a) Joining many small entities to create a large entity
b) Indefinitely small difference of a function
c) Multiplication of two function with very small change in value
d) Point where function neither have maximum value nor minimum value

Answer: a
Explanation: Integration of function is same as the Joining many small entities to
create a large entity.

2. Integration of (Sin(x) + Cos(x))ex is

a) ex Cos(x)
b) ex Sin(x)
c) ex Tan(x)
d) ex (Sin(x)+Cos(x))

Answer: b
Explanation: Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ ex Sin(x)dx = ex Sin(x) – ∫ ex Cos(x)dx
∫ ex Sin(x)dx + ∫ ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ ex [Cos(x)+Sin(x)]dx = ex Sin(x).

107
 VERTOS ADDA

3. Integration of (Sin(x) – Cos(x))ex is

a) -ex Cos(x)
b) ex Cos(x)
c) -ex Sin(x)
d) ex Sin(x)

Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ ex Sin(x)dx = -ex Cos(x) + ∫ ex Cos(x)dx
∫ ex Sin(x)d-∫ ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ ex [Sin(x)-Cos(x)]dx = -ex Cos(x).
4. Value of ∫ Cos2 (x) Sin2 (x)dx.

a) 1 [x − Cos(2x) ]
8 2
Cos(2x)
b) 14 [x − 2 ]
1 Sin(2x)
c) 8 [x − 2 ]
Sin(2x)
d) 1 [x − ]
4 2
En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Add constant automatically
[1−Cos(2x)]
Given,f(x)=∫ Cos2(x)Sin2(x)dx = 1 ∫ Sin2(2x)dx = 1 ∫ dx = 1 [x − Sin(2x)
]
4 4 2 8 2
5. If differentiation of any function is zero at any point and constant at other
points then it means?
a) Function is parallel to x-axis at that point
b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point
c) Function is constant
d) Function is discontinuous at that point

Answer: a
Explanation: Since slope of a function is given by dy dx at that point. Hence, when
dy
dx =
0 means slope of a function is zero i.e, parallel to x axis.
Function is not a constant function since it has finite value at other points.

6. If differentiation of any function is infinite at any point and constant at other points
then it means
a) Function is parallel to x-axis at that point
b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point
c) Function is constant
d) Function is discontinuous at that point

Answer: a
Explanation: Since slope of a function is given by dy dx at that point.Hence,when
dy
dx = ∞ means slope of a function is 90 degree i.e,parallel to y axis.
108
 VERTOS ADDA

7. Integration of function y = f(x) from limit x1 < x < x2 , y1 < y < y2, gives
a) Area of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
b) Volume of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
c) Slope of f(x) within x1 < x < x2
d) Maximum value of f(x) within x1 < x < x2

Answer: a
Explanation: Integration of function y=f(x) from limit x1 < x < x2 , y1 < y < y2, gives
area of f(x) within x1 < x < x2.

8. Find the value of ∫ ln(x) x dx.

a) 3a2
b) a2
c) a
d) 1

En
A xpsw
laenra:taion: Add constant
ln(x)
automatically Given, f(x)=∫ dx
x
Let, z=ln(x)=>dz=
=> f(x) = ∫ zdz = z2/2 =
2
dx (x) 2
x ln

9. Find the value of ∫ t (t+3)(t+2) dt,

is? a) 2 ln(t+3)-3 ln(t+2)
b) 2 ln(t+3)+3 ln(t+2)
c) 3 ln(t+3)-2 ln(t+2)
d) 3 ln(t+3)+2ln(t+2)

Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given, et = x => dx = et
dt,
ln2(2x)
Given, f(x)=∫ ln(x)
x
dx =
Let, z=ln(x)=>dz= dx
2
=> f (x) = ∫ zdz = z
x 2

10. Find the value of ∫ cot3(x) cosec4 (x).

cot4(x) cosec6(x6)
a) –[ ]
+4
b) –[ cose4c4(x) 6
+ cosec (x6)]
cot44(x) cot6(x6)
c) –[ ]
+
44 6
cosec (x)
d) –[
6
cot (x)
Answer: c + Add constant
Explanation:
]
automatically
109
 VERTOS ADDA

Given, ∫ cot3(x)cosec4(x)dx = − ∫ cot3(x)cosec2(x)dcot(x)

110
 VERTOS ADDA

4
=-∫ t3 (1 + t2 )dt = −[ t 6
+ t ] = −[ cot
4
(x ) cot 6(x )
+
]
4 4 6 4 6
11. Find the value sec (x)
of √tan(x) dx.
∫
a) 2 √tan(x)[5 + sec2(x)]
b) 25√sec(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
c) 25√tan(x)[6 + tan2(x)]
5

5
d) 2 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant automatically
sec4(x)
Given, √ dx tan(x)
∫
sec2(x)sec2(x)
= dx
∫ √tan(x)
2
1+√tt dt
=∫ 1 3/2
=
[+t ]dt
∫ √t

=2√t + 2 5t5/2
= 25 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
1
12. Find the value of ∫ 4 2x +4x+5
dx.
a) 1 8 sin(-1)(x + 1 2)
b)1 4 tan(-1)(x + 1 2)
c) 1 8 sec(-1)(x + 1 2)
d) 1 4 cos(-1)(x + 1 2)

Answer: b
Explanation1: Add constant automatically
Given, ∫ 4 x2 +4x+5 dx
1 1
=∫ dx = ∫ dx = 1 tan−1(x + 1 )
4(x2+x+5 + 1 + 1 ) 4[(x+1 )2+12]) 4 2
4 4 4 2
13. Find the value of ∫ √4x2 + 4x + 5dx.

a) 2[ ( + )√( + ) + 1)] + [( + ) + √( + ) + 1]
12
x 1 2
x 1 2 2 ln x 1
x 21 2 2

b) 2[ √( + ) + 1)] +
12
[( + ) + √ ( + ) + 1 ]
x 1 22 1
ln x2 1
x2 1 2 2

c) 2[ ( + ) √( + ) + 1)] +
12
x [( + ) + √ ( + ) + 1 ]
1 2
x 1 2 2 1
ln x 2 1 x 21 2 2

2 2 2 2 2

[ ] [ ] 111
 VERTOS ADDA

√ √
d) 2 (x + 1 ) (x + 1 )2 + 1) + 1 ln (x + 1 ) + (x + 1 )2 + 1

112
 VERTOS ADDA

En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Add constant
automatically Given, ∫ √ 4x2 + 4x + 5dx = ∫
√
2 (x + 1 )2 + 12 dx [ 1
1
]
=∫ 2√t2 + 12 dt = 2 t√t2 + 1 + ln[t + √t2 + 12 ]
2 2
2 2 2 2 2

=2 [ 1 √ ] [
(x + 1 ) (x + 1 )2 + 1) + 1 ln (x + 1 ) + √(x + 1/2)2 + 1 ]
TOPIC 3.9 IMPROPER INTEGRALS.
1. Find the value of ∫tan-
1(x)dx. a) sec-1 (x) – 1 ln(1
2
+ x2)
b) xtan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)
c) xsec-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)
d) tan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2)

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given, ∫tan-1(x)dx
Putting, x = tan(y),
We get, dy = sec2(y)dy,
∫ysec2(y)dy
By integration by parts,
ytan(y) – log(sec(y)) = xtan-1 (x) – 1 2 ln(1 + x2).

2. Integration of (Sin(x) + Cos(x))ex is?

a) ex Cos(x)
b) ex Sin(x)
c) ex Tan(x)
d) ex (Sin(x) + Cos(x))

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = ex Sin(x)
∫ex Sin(x)dx = ex Sin(x) – ∫ex Cos(x)dx
∫ex Sin(x)dx + ∫ex Cos(x)dx = ∫ex [Cos(x) + Sin(x)]dx = ex Sin(x).

3. Find the value of ∫x3 Sin(x)dx.

a) x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)
b) – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) – 6Sin(x)

113
 VERTOS ADDA

c) – x3 Cos(x) – 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)

d) – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)

Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Let f(x) = x3 Sin(x)
∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3∫x2 Cos(x)dx
∫x2 Cos(x)dx = x2 Sin(x) – 2∫xSin(x)dx
∫xSin(x)dx = – xCos(x) + ∫Cos(x)dx = – xCos(x) + Sin(x)
=> ∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3[x2 Sin(x) – 2[ – xCos(x) + Sin(x)]]
=> ∫x3 Sin(x)dx = – x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x).

4. Value of ∫uv dx,where u and v are function

of x. ba) ∑i=n 1 n (−1)iuivi+1
i+1
i=0 uiv i i+1
dc) ∑ n
i= 0 n (−1)
ui v
(−1)iuivn−i
i=0
Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant automatically
i
Given, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑n (=−0 1)iui vi+1
5. Find the value of ∫x7 Cos(x) dx.
a) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
b) x7 Sin(x) – 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) – 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) – 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) – 5040Cos(x)
c) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
d) x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2
Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 10080Cos(x)

Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant automatically
By, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑n i=0 (−1)iuivi+1
Let, u = x7 and v = Cos(x),
∫x7 Cos(x) dx = x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) +
2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x)
6. Find the value of ∫x3 ex e2x e3x….enx dx.

a) 2 e
n(n+1)

2
[x + 3x [
x 3 2 2
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]
]3

[ x + 3x [ ]]
n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)
3 2 2
b) 2 e 2
x
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2 3

n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)

114
 VERTOS ADDA

c) 2 e
n(n+1)

2
[x + 3x [
x 3 2 2
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2
]
]3

[ x + 3x [ ]]
n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)
3 2 2
d) 2 e 2
x
]1 + 6x[ 2
]2 + 6[ 2 3

n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)

Answer: a
Explanation: Add constant automatically
By, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑ i=0 (−1)iuivi+1
n
3 x 2x 3x nx x(1+2+3+…n n(n+1)x
)
Let, u = x and v=e e e …..e =e =e 2 ,
∫ 3 x 2 3
x e e xe x .............. e xdx n

n(n+1) n(n+1)
2 2
= x3 e 2
n(n+1)
x
+ 3x 2 [ ]2e 2 x
n(n+1)
2 n(n2+1)
+6x[ ] 3e x
+ 6[ n(n+1)
x
2
]4
= 2
n(n+1
n()n+1)
e x
2
[ x + 3x 3 2
n(n+1
)
2 1] + 6x[ 2
] 2 + 6[ 2
]3 ]
[

n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)

7. Find the area of a function f(x) = x2 + xCos(x) from x = 0 to a, where, a>0.

2
a
a) 2+ aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1
3
b) a 3 + aSin(a) + Cos(a)
3
a
c) 3+ aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1
3
a
d) 3+ Cos(a) + Sin(a) – 1

Answer: c
Explanation: Given, f(x) = x2 + xCos(x)
3
2 x
Hence, F(x) = ∫x + xCos(x) dx = 3 + xSin(x) + Cos(x)
Hence, area inside f(x) is,
3
a
F(a) – F(0) = 3 + aSin(a) + Cos(a) – 1.

8. Find the area ln(x) x from x = x = aeb to a.

2
b
a) 2
b) b 2
c) b
d) 1
Answer: a
Explanation:

Let, F(x)=∫ ln(x)dx

Let, z=ln(x)=>xz2dz=dxln/2x(x)
=F(x)=∫ zdz=
2 =

115
 VERTOS ADDA

Area inside curve from 4a to a ln2( aeb

)
is,
ln2(a2eb) (a)
ln22 ln2(2eb) b2
− = a
=
F(aeb) − F(a) 2 =
=
9. Find the area inside a function f(t) t
dt from t = -1 to 0.
= (
t+3)(t+2)
a) 4 ln(3) –
5ln(2)
b) 3 ln(3)
c)3 ln(3) – 4ln(2)
d) 3 ln(3) – 5
ln(2)

Answer: d
Explanation:
Now, F(t)=∫ +3)(tt+2) dt
(t
F∫(t[)=t+3∫−( t+3] d)(t+2
3 2
= xt+2 dtt
)
=∫ [ 3 ]dx − ∫ [ 2 ]dx
t+3 t+2
=3 ln(t+3)-2ln(t+2)
Now area inside a function is, F(0) – F(-1),
hence, F(0)-F(-1)=3 ln(3)-2 ln(2)-3 ln(2)+2 ln(1)=3 ln(3)-5ln(2)
sec4(x
10. Find the area inside integral ) from x = 0 to π.
f(x)=
a) π √tan(x)
b) 0
c) 1
d) 2

Answer: b
Explanatio sec4(x)
n: dx
Given,F(x) √tan(x)
=
∫
sec2(x)sec2(x)
F(x)= dx
√tan(x)
∫
=∫ 1+
2
√tt dt
= 1 3/2
[ + t ]dt
∫ √t

=2√t + 2 t55/2
F(x)= 52 √tan(x)[5 + tan2(x)]
Now area inside a function f(x) from x=0 to

116
 VERTOS ADDA
π, is F(π)-F(0)=0-0=0
(2x3+5x2−4
11. Find the area inside ) from x = 1 to a.
function
2 x2
a) a 22 + 5a – 4ln(a)
a 11
b) 2 + 5a – 4ln(a) – 2

117
 VERTOS ADDA
2
a 11
c) 22 + 4ln(a) – 2
a 11
d) 2 + 5a – 2

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given,
(2x3+5x2−4)
f(x) = ,
x2 2
x
Integrating it we get, F(x) = 2 + 5x – 4ln(x)
Hence, area2under, x = 1 to a, is 2
a a 11
F(a) – F(1)= 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 1/2 – 5= 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 2

12. Find the value of ∫(x4 – 5x2 – 6x)4 4x3 – 10x – 6

dx. (x44−5x2−6x)4
a)
(x4−5x2−6x)5
b) 5
(4x3−10x−6)5
c) 5

(4x3 4 −6)4
d) −10x
Answer: b
xpl a n ati4on: A 2 4 3
pu t tin g∫,x(x4−− 55xx −2−66xx) 4=xz−, w
E
Given, dd constant 10xautomatically
− 6dx 3
5
( x − 5x − 6x ) 5
4 2 e get, dz = − 10 x − 6dx
4x
=
∫ z4 dz = z 5
5

13. Temperature of a rod is increased by moving x distance from origin and is

given by equation T(x) = x2 + 2x, where x is the distance and T(x) is change of
temperature w.r.t distance. If, at x = 0, temperature is 40 C, find temperature at
x=10.
a) 473 C
b) 472 C
c) 474 C
d) 475 C

Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature3at distance x is,
2 x 2
T = ∫T(x) dx = ∫x + 2x dx = 3 + x +
C At x=0 given T = 40 C
C = T(x = 0) = 40
C At x= 10,
T(x = 10) = 1000 3 + 100 + 43 = 473 C.
1 1
14. Find the value 2) 16 2

of ∫ a) 1 8 sin-1(x +

118
 VERTOS ADDA

dx. x +16x+10

119
 VERTOS ADDA

b) 1 8 tan-1(x + 1 2)
c) 1 8 sec-1(x + 1 2)
d) 1 4 cos-1(x + 1 2)

Answer: b
Explanation: A1 dd constant
1
automatically
Given, 16 x
2
+16x +1 dx = 4x 2 1 +5
∫ 0
2∫ dx
1 1+4x
=∫ dx = ∫ dx = 1 tan−1(x + 1 )
8(x2+x+5 1
+ + ) 1
8[(x+1 )2+12] 8 2

4 4 4 2

UNIT IV MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

TOPIC 4.1 DOUBLE INTEGRALS

1. Find the value of ∫∫xyex + y dxdy.

a) yey (xex-ex)
b) (yey-ey)(xex-ex)
c) (yey-ey)xex
d) (yey-ey)(xex+ex)

Answer: b
Add constant automatically
Explanation: Given, ∫∫xyex + y dxdy
∫∫xyex ey dxdy= ∫yey dy∫xex dx=(yey-ey)(xex-ex).

2. Find the value of ∫∫ x x2 + y2

dxdy. a) [ytan(-1) (y)- 1 2
ln(1+y2)]
b) x [ytan(-1) (y)- 1 2 ln(1+y2)]
c) y [xtan(-1) (x)- 1 2 ln(1+x2)]
d) x [ytan(-1) (y)- 1 2 ln(1+y2)]

Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant automatically
∫ x ∫ 1∫ ∫ +x2 =dxdy
x
Given, ∫ x 1 tan−1( y )dy = ∫ tan−1( y )dy
dydx
x2+y2 x x x

∫ dy = x ∫ tan (t) dt
tan−1( y x) −1
Putting, x = tan(z),
We get, dz = sec2(z)dz,
120
 VERTOS ADDA

x∫ zsec2 (z)dz

By integration by parts,

x ∫ zsec2 (z)dz=x[ztan(z)-log(sec(z))]= x[ytan(-1) (y)- 1 2 ln(1+y2)].

3. Find the ∫∫x3 y3 sin(x)sin(y) dxdy.

a) (x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x)-6Sin(x))(y3 Cos(y) + 3[y2 Sin(y) – 2[-
yCos(y) + Sin(y)]])
b) (-x3 Cos(x) – 3x2 Sin(x) – 6xCos(x)-6Sin(x))(-y3 Cos(y) + 3[y2 Sin(y) – 2[-
yCos(y) + Sin(y)]])
c) (-x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x)-6Sin(x))(-y3 Cos(y) + 3y2 Sin(y) +
6yCos(y) – 6Sin(y))
d) (–x3 Cos(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x))(-y3 Cos(y))

Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant automatically
∫x3 Sin(x)dx = -x3 Cos(x) + 3∫x2 Cos(x)dx
∫x2 Cos(x)dx = x2 Sin(x) – 2∫xSin(x)dx
∫xSin(x)dx = -xCos(x) + ∫Cos(x)dx = -xCos(x) + Sin(x)
=> ∫x3 Sin(x)dx = -x3 Cos(x) + 3[x2 Sin(x) – 2[-xCos(x) + Sin(x)]] => ∫x3 Sin(x)dx
= -x3 Cos(x) + 3x2 Sin(x) + 6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x)
and, ∫y3 Sin(y)dy = -y3 Cos(x) + 3∫y2 Cos(y)dy
∫y2 Cos(y)dy = y2 Sin(y) – 2∫ySin(y)dy
∫ySin(y)dy = -yCos(y) + ∫Cos(y)dy = -yCos(y) + Sin(y)
=> ∫y3 Sin(y)dy = -y3 Cos(y) + 3[y2 Sin(y) – 2[-yCos(y) + Sin(y)]] => ∫y3 Sin(y)dy
= -y3 Cos(y) + 3y2 Sin(y) + 6yCos(y) – 6Sin(y)
Hence, ∫∫x3 y3 sin(x) sin(y) dxdy = (∫x3 Sin(x)dx)(∫y3 Sin(y)dy) = (-x3 Cos(x)
+ 3x2 Sin(x)+6xCos(x) – 6Sin(x))(-y3 Cos(y) + 3y2 Sin(y) + 6yCos(y) –
6Sin(y)).

∫ 0∫ √2ax−x
2
4. Find the integration of x dxdx.
5
a) ax 2 x 30
2

2– 3
b) ax x
2– 6
2
c) ax 2 ax
dx =
2
4 3 3

ax x
−x
d) 8– 6

An sw e r : b
E xp la nat ion: Add constant automatically
∫ √2ax−x
2 2
−2
Given, f(x)=∫ x dxdx = ∫ [ x ]√2ax−x dxdx = ∫ 2ax x
2

0 2 0 2 2 6

121
 VERTOS ADDA

5. Find the value of ∫∫xy7 Cos(x)Cos(y) dxdy.

a) (7y6 Cos(y) + 42y5 Sin(y) + 210y4 Cos(y) + 840y3 Sin(y) + 2520y2 Cos(y) +
5040ySin(y) + 5040Cos(y))(7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) +
2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x))
b) (y7 Sin(y) + 7y6 Cos(y) + 42y5 Sin(y) + 210y4 Cos(y) + 840y3 Sin(y) + 2520y2
Cos(y) + 5040ySin(y) + 5040Cos(y))(x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4
Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x))
c) (y7 Sin(y) + 42y5 Sin(y) + 210y4 Cos(y) + 840y3 Sin(y) + 2520y2 Cos(y) +
5040ySin(y) + 5040Cos(y))(x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4 Cos(x) +
840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x))
d) (y7 Sin(y) + 7y6 Cos(y) + 42y5 Sin(y) + 210y4 Cos(y) + 840y3 Sin(y) + 2520y2
Cos(y) + 5040ySin(y) + 5040Cos(y))(x7 Sin(x) + 7x6 Cos(x) + 42x5 Sin(x) + 210x4
Cos(x) + 840x3 Sin(x) + 2520x2 Cos(x) + 5040xSin(x) + 5040Cos(x))

Answer: d
Explanation: Add constant
automatically By, f(x)=∫ uvdx = ∑n
(i=−0 1)iuivi+1,
Let, u = x7 and v=Cos(x),
∫x7 Cos(x) dx=x7 Sin(x)+7x6 Cos(x)+42x5 Sin(x)+210x4 Cos(x)+840x3 Sin(x)+2520x2
Cos(x)+5040xSin(x)+5040Cos(x)
Similarly,
∫y7 Cos(y) dy=y7 Sin(y)+7y6 Cos(y)+42y5 Sin(y)+210y4 Cos(y)+840y3
Sin(y)+2520y2 Cos(y)+5040ySin(y)+5040Cos(y)
Now,
∫∫xy7 Cos(x)Cos(y) dxdy=∫y7 Cos(y) dy∫x7 Cos(x) dx=(y7 Sin(y)+7y6 Cos(y)+42y5
Sin(y)+210y4 Cos(y)+840y3 Sin(y)+2520y2 Cos(y)+5040ySin(y)+5040Cos(y))(x7
Sin(x)+7x6 Cos(x)+42x5 Sin(x)+210x4 Cos(x)+840x3 Sin(x)+2520x2
Cos(x)+5040xSin(x)+5040Cos(x)).

6. Find the integration of 0∫∫ x x2 + y2 dxdy.

4
x
a) 6
b) y 3
c) 2x
y
d) 1 3

Answer: c
Explanation: Add constant automat3ically3 3

Given, f(x) = ∫ x(x2 + y2) dxdy = ∫ ( x + x ) dxdy = y.

2x

∫y
0 2xy5
7. Find the value of ∫ 0 √1+x2y2−y4
122
 VERTOS ADDA
dxdy.
3 3 3
4 3
y 2
a) 2[ − (1 − y4 ) ]2

4 3

123
 VERTOS ADDA
3
4
b) 2[ y4 − (1 )2 ]
− y4 4 3
c) 2[ y − 2 (1 − y4
4 3 )2 ]
3 3
d) 2[ y3 − 2 3(1 − y4
Answer: c )2 ]
Explanation: 2xy5 dxdy
Given,
y f(x)= ∫ √
∫
2 2 4

0 1+x y −y y
y1 4 4

=∫ ∫ 2xy5 dxdy = ∫ 2y ( ) + x2 dy
0 y 1−y

√( 1− y4
y2 )+x
2 y2 0

= 2 ∫ [y3 − √ 1 − y4 y3 ]dy = 2[ y
4 4
− 2 3(1 − y4)3/2]
8. Find the value of ∫ ∫ 1−y xy√1 − x − y dxdy.
0

a) 16 946
b) 8 945
c) 16 936
d) 16 945

Answer: d
Explanation:
Given, f(x)=∫ 1 ∫ 1−y xy√1 − x − ydxdy
0 0 >x=t(1-y)=>dx=(1-y)dt
putting,t=x/(1-y)=
∫ 01 ∫01 t(1 − y)y5/2
√1 − t(1 − y) − y(1 − y)dtdy
1/2
1 1
=∫ ∫ y(1 − y) t(1 − t) dtdy
01 0 1
=∫ y(1 − y)5/2dy ∫ t(1 − t)1/2dt
01 1
=∫ y2−1(1 dy ∫ t2−1(1 − t)3/2−1dt = β(2, 7 )β(2, 3 ) = 16
− y)7/2−1
0

0 0 2 2 945

9. Find the area inside function (2x3 + 5 x2 – 4) 2 from x = 1 to a.

x
2
a
a) 2+ 5a – 4ln(a)
2
a 11
b) 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 2
2
a 11
c) 2+ 4ln(a) – 2
2
a 11
d) 2+ 5a – 2

Answer: b
Explanation: Add constant
automatically Given,
124
 VERTOS ADDA

x2

3 2
f(x) = (2x +5x −4)

125
 VERTOS ADDA

2
x
Integrating it we get, F(x) = 2 + 5x – 4ln(x)

Hence, area under, x = 1 to a, is

2 2
a 1 a 11
F(a) – F(1) = 2 + 5a – 4ln(a) – 2–5 = 2+ 5a – 4ln(a) – 2.
1
10. Find the value of 16x2+16x+1 dx.
∫∫ 0
a) 1 (x + 1 )Sin−1(x + 1 ) − 1 ln(1 + (x + 1 )2)
8 2 2 2 2
b) 18(x + 1 )2tan−1−1
(x + 1 1) − 121ln(1 16
+ (x + 11 )22) 2
c)
(x + 1/2)cos (x + ) − ln(116+ (x + ) ) 2
2 1 2
d) 1 (x + 1 )sec−1(x + 1 ) −1 (1 + (x + ) )
ln
8 2
Answer: b 2 16 2
Explanation: Add constant 1 automatically
1
1
Given,∫ dx = ∫ dx
2 2 4x +4x+5
8(∫x2+x + 1
= 1 6 x + 1 6 x +1 0 1 −1 2
= ∫ 8[(x5 /4+1 /42+1/ 4 ) dx dxtan (x + 1/2)
= 2 8
+11/2)
+1 ]nce, ∫tan (x + )dx
He−1 1
8 2
Now, Putting, x+1/2 =
tan(y), We get, dx =
sec2(y)dy,
=1/8 ∫ ysec2(y)dy
By integration by parts,
ytan(y)-log(sec(y))= 1 (x + 1 )tan−1(x + 1 ) − 1 ln(1 + (x + 1)2)
TOPIC 4.2 CHANGE OF ORDER OF INTEGRATION
8 2 2 16 2

1. Which of the following is not a property of double

integration? ab) ∬
(aff((xx,,yy))+dgs(x=,ya)∬
)dsf(=x,∬
y)fd(xs,,yw)dhse+re∬agi(sxa,yc)odns stant

c) ∬ D f(x, y)ds = ∬ D1 f(x, y)ds + ∬ D2 f(x, y)ds, where D is union of disjoint domains
0 0 D1
D1 and D2
d) ∬(f(x,y)*g(x,y))ds = ∬f(x,y)ds*∬g(x,y)ds

Answer: d
Explanation: The following are the properties of double integration:

∬af(fx(x,y,y)+)dgs(x=,ya)∬
)dfs(x=,y∬)dfs(x,y)ds+ ∬g(x,y)ds

∬ D f(x, y)ds = ∬ D1 f(x, y)ds + ∬ D2 f(x, y)ds

126
 VERTOS ADDA
0 0 D1
2. The region bounded by circle is an example of regular domain.
a) False

127
 VERTOS ADDA

b) True

Answer: b
Explanation: A domain D in the XY plane bounded by a curve c is said to be regular
in the Y direction, if straight lines passing through an interior point and parallel to Y
axis meets c in two points A and B. Hence, region bounded by circle is an example of
regular domain.
42
3. What is the result of the integration
∫∫ (x2 + y)dxdy?
3 1
a) 83
6
83
b) 3
c)
6
82

6
d) 81
Answer: a ∫ + y)dxdy
Explanation: Given: 2 2
(x
∫4
Integrating with respec3t to1y first, we get,
∫ 4(x2(y)2 + ( y )2)dx = ∫ 4(x2 + 3 )dx
2

3 1 2 1 3 2
Next integrating with respect to x, we get,
3
( x3 )34 + 32(x)4 3= 37 3+ 3 =2 83 6
4. Volume of an object expressed in spherical coordinates is given by
π

V = ∫ 0π ∫ 0 ∫ 10rcos∅dr d∅dθ. The value of the integral is

2 3

√23
ab) 1
π
√2
π

c) √
3π
π ∫0 3 ∫
2 1

4
d) √3 π
Answer: d rcos∅ dr d∅ dθ.
Explanation:
2
Given: V = ∫
V= ∫2 π
0 0
0 π ∫0 3 ( 1
0)
cos∅ d∅ θ
2

r
2 π d
2π
V =1 ∫2 (sin∅) 3 ⎨
0√3
d dθ
0
2
1 π0 dθ
V= 2 × 2∫
√3
V =1 2× 2 × 2π
2
√3
V= π
5. Which of the following equation represents Moment of Inertia of a plane region
relative to
x-axis?
128
 VERTOS ADDA
a)∬x2 f(x,y)dxdy
b) ∬xf(x,y)dxdy

129
 VERTOS ADDA

c) ∬y2 f(x,y)dxdy
d) ∬yf(x,y)dxdy

Answer: c
Explanation: Moment of Inertia of a plane
region, Relative to x-axis is given by,
Ixx=∬y2 f(x,y)dxdy
Relative to y-axis is given
by, Iyy=∬x2 f(x,y)dxdy

6. What is the mass of the region R as shown in the figure?

ab) 89
c)
9

2
4
d) 9
Answer: b
Explanation: From the above figure, we can see that X-axis ranges from 0 to 3
and Y-axis ranges from 0 to 2.
Therefore, the mass of the region is given by,
M = ∫ 2 ∫ 3 xy dx dy
0 0 2
= ∫ 20 2x )23 d0y = 9 ( y2 2)20 = 9
y(
7. The half-interval method in numerical analysis is also known as
a) Newton-Raphson method
b) Regula Falsi method
c) Taylor’s method
d) Bisection method
130
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: d
Explanation: The Bisection method, also known as binary chopping or half-interval
method, is a starting method which is used, where applicable, for few iterations, to
obtain a good initial value.
1 iven ∫
8. G , find the error in approximating the integral using Simpson’s 1/3 Rule
8 with

n=4.
0 x dx
3
a) 1.8
b) 2.9
c) 0.3
d)
0.35
Answer: d
1
Explanation: Given: ∫ 8 , n = 3,

Let f(x) = x 3 , 8− 0x
3 dx
1
0
Δx = b−a2 = = 4 ..................... since b=8, a=0 (limits of the given integral)
2
Hence endpoints xi have coordinates {0, 2, 4,
6, 8}. Calculating the function values at xi, we
get, 1

f(0) = 0 3 = 0
f(2) = 2 3 1
1

f(4) = 4 3
1

f(6) = 6 3
1

f(8) = 8 3 = 2
S8ubstituting tΔhxese values in the formula,
∫ x 31dx ≈ [f(0) + 4f(2) + 2f(4) + 4f(6) + f(8)]
0 3
≈ [0 + 4(2 ) +
2(4 )+
4(6 ) + 2] ≈ 11.65
2 1 1 1
Act3ual integra l valu8e,
3 3 3
4
∫08 x 31dx =
( x
43
= 12

)
3
Error in approximat0ing the integral = 12 – 11.65 = 0.35

9. A sphere with the dimensions is shown in the figure. What is the error
that can be incorporated in the radius such that the volume will not change
more than 4%?

131
VERTOS ADDA

132
 VERTOS ADDA

a) 0.127%
b) 0.0127%
c)
12.7%
d)1.27
%

En
A xpsw
laenra:tbion: We know that volume of the sphere is,

V = 4 π3 R3
Differentiating the above equation with respect to R we get,
dV
dR
= 4 π3× 3R2 = 4πR2
Since the volume of the sphere should not exceed more than 4%,
dV
dR = 4πR2 = 0.04
4π = 2(50.000127
Error in radius = 0.0127%
10. The x-coordinate of the center of gravity of a plane region is given by,

1
xc = xf(x,y)dxdy.
∬
M
a) True
b) Fals
e

Answer: a
Explanation: The coordinates (xc,yc) of the centroid of a plane region with mass M is
given
by, 1
x=c 1=∬∬yf(xxf,(xy,)dyx)dyxdy yc
M

TOPMIC 4.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES

1v.arEiavballeusatpiorinncoifp∫le∫,Rafm
(xo,nyg) tdhxedcyhionicceasrtgeisviean bcoeloorw
dinwahteicchanis bceordroencte

e uxspinlagncahtiaonngoefocfhange of
variables principle? (Given let x=g(u,v) & y=h(u,v))

a) ∫ ∫S f(g(u,v),h(u,v))du dv
b) ∫ ∫S f(g(u, v), h(u, v)) d(x,y)
d(u,v)
du dv
f(g(u, v),h(u,v))∂(x,y) du dv
c) ∫ ∂(u,v)
∫S ,y )
f(g(u, v), h(u, v)) ∂(u,v∂)(xdu dv
d) ∫
∫S
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫ f(g(u, v), h(u, v)) ∂(x,y)
∂(u,v)
du dv
∂x ∂x
∫S
133
 VERTOS ADDA
∂(x,y) ∂u ∂v = J( x,y
) = ∂x ∂y – ∂x ∂y … . .(‘J’ is Jacobian).
where ∂(u,v) = ∂ y ∂y u,v ∂u ∂v ∂v ∂u

∂u ∂v

2. The value of ∬R (x-y)2 dx dy where R is the parallelogram with vertices (0,0),

(1,1),(2,0), (1,-1) when solved using change of variables is given by

134
 VERTOS ADDA

a) 16/3
b) 8/3
c) 4/3
d) 0

Answer: b
Explanation: W.K.T from change of variables principle
∫ ∫R f(x, y)dx dy = ∫ ∫S f(g(u,v),h(u,v)) ∂(x,y) du dv …..(1)
∂(u,v)
F m0,thxe-ya=b2o,vxe+dyia=g0r,axm+yin=2thferoremgitohnisRwtehecaenquoabtsieornvseatrheagt
x-ryo=
icvheanngbey of variables is u=x-y, v=x+y solving we get x = u+v ,
v−u
y=
∂x ∂x 2 2
0.5
∂(x,y) ∂u ∂v = 0. = 0.5
= ∂y ∂y
∂(u,v) ∂u ∂v
5
−0.5
0.
5
The region S in the (u,v) is the square 0<u<2,0<v<2. Since x-y=u integral
becomes ∫0 20∫ 2 0.5u2 du dv……from(1)
=∫2 u [ ]
3
2
∫2
dv = 4 dv
= 8.
0 6 0
0 3 3
3. If double integral in Cartesian coordinate is given by ∬R f(x,y) dx dy then the
value of same integral in polar form is
a) ∬P f(r cos θ, rsin θ)dr dθ
b) ∬P f(r cosθ, r sinθ)rdr dθ
c) ∬P f(r cosθ, r sinθ) r2 dr dθ
d) ∬P f(r sinθ, r cosθ)dr dθ

Answer: b
135
 VERTOS ADDA
Explanation: ∬R f(x,y)dx dy when converting this into polar form we take x = r
cos θ y=r sin θ as change of variables from
∫ ∫R ∂(u,v)

f(x, y)dx dy = ∫ ∫S f(g(u, v), h(u, v)) ∂(x,y)

du dv where u=r & v=θ

136
 VERTOS ADDA

∂x ∂x
∂(x,y)
cosθ −rsinθ
∂r ∂θ
thus = ∂y ∂y
=
∂(r,θ) ∂r ∂θ sinθ = r(cos2θ + sin2θ) = r
rcos
θ
substituting we get ∬P f(r cos θ,r sin θ)rdr dθ.

4. The value of ∬R sin(x2 + y2) dx dy where R is the region bounded by circle

centered at origin with radius r=2 is
a) πcos 4
b) π(1-cos 4)
c) π
d) π(1-sin 4)

Answer: b
Explanation: Using Polar variable transformation x = r cos θ & y=r sin θ, r varies
from 0 to 2 & θ varies from 0 to 2π because radius of circle i.e r=2 & centered at
origin
∫ ∫ f(rcosθ, rsinθ)rdr dθ = ∫ ∫ sin(x2 + y2) dx dy = ∫ 2 π ∫ 2 rsinr
0 0
2
dr dθ
P R 2π 4
Using substitution t=r 2 integral changes ∫ 0.5 sint dtd θ
to ∫
0 0
∫ 2π 0.5[ − cost]4dθ = ∫ 2π 0.5(1 − = π(1 cos4).
cos4)dθ −
0 0 0
5. Using change of variables principle in double integral we can reduce cartesian
integral to simpler form.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The above statement is not necessarily true always but change of
variables cartesian to polar form & changing into suitable form reduces the
complexity in the evaluation of double integral however converse is also true for
example ∬R x2 y3 dx dy is the given integral while solving there is no need of
converting it into polar form since ∬P r6 cos2 θ sin3 θ dr dθ is tedious to solve when R
only consists of constants but ∬R x2 y3 dx dy can be solved easily by ordinary
method of integration.

TOPIC 4.4 AREA ENCLOSED BY PLANE CURVES

1. Evaluate ∫xy dxdy over the positive quadrant of the circle x2+y2=a2.
a4
a)
84
b) a
42
c) a
8

137
 VERTOS ADDA
a2
d) 4

Answer: a
Explanation: In the positive quadrant of the circle,

138
 VERTOS ADDA

y:0→a
x : o → √a2 − x2
Theref
a
or ex t2he integral is
√a 2−
xydxdy

∫ ∫ 0
a yx 2 0
= ∫1 ∫ a dy2 (fro2 m 0 toa √a2 − x2)
y(a − y )dy = .
4

0 2 8
2 0
2. Evaluate ∫∫xy dxdy over the region bounded by x axis, ordinate x=2a and the curve
x24=4ay.
a) a
34
b) a
63
a
c)
3
a2
d) 6

Answer: a
Explanation: Both the curves meet at
(2a,a). Therefore,
y 2: 0 →4 x2
2
xa2
∫ a∫
0
axydxdy
0
= ∫ 2a dx (from 0 to
x2 )
24 a
xy
0 2 4a
x5
= ∫ 12 dx
2a0

= a 3. (16a )
4 2

3. Evaluate ∫∫x2+y2 dxdy in the positive quadrant for which x+y<=1.

a) 1
2
b) 1
3
1
c) 61
d)
12
Answer: c
Explanation: In
this x: 0 to 1
y:0 to 1-x
∫ 01 ∫01−x x2 + y2dxdy
1 2 y3
=3∫ 10 x2y + dx (from 0 to 1-x)
= ∫ x (1 − (1−x)3
x dx
0
)+ 3

= 1.

139
 VERTOS ADDA

4. Evaluate ∫ ∞ ∫ π/2 e−r rdθdr.

2

0 0
a) π
b) π
c) π2
4
d) 8π

Answer: c
Explanation: The integral is in polar coordinates.
Substitute r2 as t
∫ 0∞ ∫π/20 e−tdθdt 2
= 1 2∫ π/20
Γ(1)dθ

= π4.
5. Evaluate ∫∫rsinθdrdθ over the cardiod r = a(1+cosθ) above the initial line.
2
a) 4 2a3
b) a3 2
c) 8 a
3
62
d) 4 a
Answer: a
Explanation: θ: 0 to
ππr: 0a(1+cosθ)
to a(1+cosθ)
∫ 0 ∫0 r2 rsinθdrdθ
π sinθdθ (from 0 to a(1+cosθ))
=∫
0 2
π a2 (1 + cosθ)2dθ
= ∫0 2
2
= 4 a3
.
6. Evaluate ∫ ∞ ∫ ∞ e−(x +y )dxdy by changing into polar coordinates.
2 2

0 0
a) π
b) π2
c) π4
d) π8
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫ ∞ ∫ ∞ e−(x +y )dxdy
2 2

0 0
= ∫ π/2 ∫ ∞ e−(r drd
2
)
θ
0 0 2
Substitute r as t
π/2 ∞ −t
= 1∫ ∫ e dtdθ
2 0 0
π/2
= 1 2∫ 0
Γ(1)dθ

140
 VERTOS ADDA
π
= .

141
 VERTOS ADDA

7. Evaluate the following integral by transforming into polar coordinates.

∫ ∫ a √a2−x2
y√x2 − y2dxdy
0 0
a4
a)
24
a
b)
a34
c)
4
a4
d) 5

Answer: c
Explanation: Subtitute x as rcosθ and y as rsinθ.
Therfore θ : 0 to
Π/2 and r : 0 to a
∫ a ∫ π/2 rsinθrrdrdθ
0 0
= [∫ 0a r3dr][∫ 0π/2 sinθdθ]
4
= a 4.
8. Evaluate ∫ ∞ ∫ ∞ e−y
dydx by changing the order of integration.
0 x y
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 1/2

Answer: b
Explanation: In the question, y: x to
infnity x: 0 to infinity
Now changing the orrder of
integration: y=x
y tends to
infinity y: 0 to
infinity
x: 0 to y −y
e
∫ 0∞∫ y 0 y dydx
−
= ∫ 0∞ e yydy
y

= -(0-1)
= 1.
9. Calculate the area enclosed by parabolas x2 = y and y2 = x.
1
a) 21
b) 3
1
c) 4
6
1
d)
Answer: b
Explanation: x: 0 to 1
142
 VERTOS ADDA

y : x2 to x1/2
∫ 1 ∫ √2x dydx
0 1x 2
= ∫ 0 √x − x dx
= 23–1 3
3
1
= .
10. What is the area of a cardiod y = a(1+cosθ).
2
a) 3π2a 2
b) 33π a2
c) π4 a
a8 2
d) 3π
Answer: a
Explanation: θ : 0
to π r : 0 to
a(1+cosθ)
π a (1+cosθ)
Ar2ea
= ∫ 0∫ 0
3 πa 2
θ
rdrd
=4 2
Total area = 2 ∗ 3πa
3π2a2 4
.
TOPIC 4.5 TRIPLE INTEGRALS
1. The value of ∫ 1∫ x ∫ x+y xyz dz dy dx is given by
0
a) 17/144
b) 16/72 0 0
c) 17/72
d) 15/144
Answer: a ∫ x ∫ x+y xyz dz dy dx
Explanation: ∫
1
x=0 y=0 z=0
∫ 1 x xy[ z]x+y
∫
2
dy dx = 1 x 2∫
xy (x+2y) dy dx ∫
x=0 y=0 2 0 x=0 y=0
x
∫ 2 2
= 12 1 x=0 y=x0 3xy(x + y + 2xy)dy dx
∫
1 3 22
∫
= 1 x= y= (x y + xy + 2x y ) dy dx 1 1 x5 x5
∫ 0 0
]
2
= 1 2 1 x=0
x ∫ x y22 + x 4 + y4 2x2y3 dx = 2 x=0 2
( + ∫
4+ 23x5)dx

[ 3 3 y=0

]
1

[
2 12 24 x69 x=0
12 24 9 2 144
= 1 x6 x6= ( 1+ 1+ 1) 1
+ = 17 .
+
a x x+y x+y+z
2. The integral value of 0∫ 0∫ 0∫ e dz dy dx is given by

143
 VERTOS ADDA
1 4a 2a
a) = (e + 6e + 8e + 3)
a

144
 VERTOS ADDA

b) = 1 (e4a − 6e2a + 4ea + 3)

3
c) = 1 8(e4a − 6e2a + 8ea − 3)
d) 0
Answer: c
a x x+y x+y+z a x x+y x+y z
Explanation: ∫ ∫ ∫ e dz dy dx = ∫ ∫ ∫ e e dz dy dx
a x x+y z x+y 0 0 0 a x x+y x+y 0 0 0
∫ ∫ e [e ] dy dx = ∫ ∫ e (e − dy dx
0x+ a0 0 e2y xy
1)
∫ a ∫ x(e2x+2y e ) dy dx = ∫ e [ ] – e [e ] dx
0 0

−0 04x
x
4x 0 2 0 0
∫ ( e –3
a
2x + e )dx = e
– 3 e2x + ex a ]
e 2 [
0 2 3 a 1
3 8 4 0
e4a 2
=(– e +e)−(− a
+ 1)
8 4 8 4

= 1 8(e4a − 6e2a + 8ea − 3).

π
asinθ r

3. The integral value of ∫0 2

∫0 ∫0 r dr dθ dz is
a) 0.5
b) 0.25
c) 1
d) 0

Answer: d π
Explanation: ∫ 2 asinθ
π
r
∫ asinθ r[z] r dr dθ
∫ ∫θ r dr dθ dz = ∫2
π =0 z=0 θ=0 r=0 0
r=0
asin
= θ r=0 π
∫θ 2=0∫ r2 dr dθ 0

[ ]
π π π
θ=0 3 0 0 33
sin θ 1 d1θ−x= ∫
r3 sinθ
4.∫ [ ] = ∫ value of
2
dθ 2 2
x−3ysinθ−sin3θ −3cosθ+3cos3θ 2 = 0.
dzd1y2dx integral
The ∫ ∫ ∫ 1−
dθ = 12 0
is given by

a) log√2– 7 0 0 0
16 (1+x+y+z)3
b) log√4 + 5
c) log√2– 5 32
616
dA)nlsowg√
er4:–c
32

Explanation: x∫=0
1
∫ 1−x 1−x−y
y=0 z=0 ∫ dzdydx
(1+x+y+z)3 = ∫1 ∫
0
1−x
0 [ −1
(2(1+x+y+z)2 ]
1−x−y
z=0 dy dx

01 10−x −1 1
(2(1+x+y)2 ) ]dy dx = 1
[ –8
1
2(1+x+y)
] 1−x
dx
∫ ∫ 8 [
∫
0 y=0

x1=0 −(18−x) 1 4 +
+ 2(x
x=0
1
]dx = ∫ 1 −y
−83 + x 8 +

145
 2(x
1
]dx VERTOS ADDA

∫ [ – +1) [ log. √2–5

= +1)

[
8 16 8 16 2 16
−3x x2 + log(x + x=0
= 3 + 1 + log2
+
2
1 1) ]
1

5. The integral of ∫ 1 ∫ z ∫ x+z(x + y + z) dy dx dz is given by

a) 0
−1 0 x−z

146
 VERTOS ADDA

b) 1
c) 0.25
d) 4

Answer: a
Explanation:
z
z1=−1 y x = +x z − z z x+ z
=∫ ∫∫ x=0 ∫1 (x + y +z)dy dx dz = ∫ z=−1 ∫ x=0 [
xy + 2 + zy
y2
] dx dz

=∫ ∫ x((x + z) − (x − z)) [(x + z) − (x − z) ] + z((x + z) − (x − z)) dx dz

2
}
z=−1 x=0 +
=∫ (2xz + 2xz + 2z2)dx dz
1 z=−1
=∫ x= dz = ∫ −1
−1 0

1
[z(2x4.6
2 z
2zS3 + 2z3dz = [z4]1
(2z2x )] E OF SOLID
) + VOLUM = 0.
TOPIC
1. The volume of solid of revolution when rotated along x-axis is given as
a) ∫ b πy2dx
a
b) ∫ b πy2dy
a
c) ∫ b πx2dx
a

d) ∫ ab πx2dy
Answer: a
revolved
Volume isalong x-axis,when
generated the avolume is isgiven
2d surface ∫ b its
as along
revolved
2
πyaxis.
dx. Explanation:
When
2. The volume of solid of revolution when rotated along y-axis is given as
a
b
a) ∫ πy dx 2
a
b) ∫ b πy2dy
a
c) ∫ b πx2dx
a

d) ∫ ab πx2dy
Answer: d
b
revolved along y-axis, the volume is given as ∫ πx2dy. Explanation:
Volume is generated when a 2d surface is revolved along its axis. When
a
3. What is the volume generated when the ellipse
2 a2
x + 2

y
b = 1 is revolved about its minor
ax) i4s?ab cubic units
4 2
b) 3 a b cubic units
c) 43 ab cubic units
d) 4 cubic units

147
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
a2
Explanation: y- axis is the minor axis. x2 = (b2 – y2 )
b
V= ∫ b πx2dy
=∫ b a a2
π (b2– y2)dy
−b b

)
2 b
= 2π a b2y y3

( −
3
b3 0
=b 2π (b3 − )
2
a
b2 3
=4 2
cubic
3ab
units.
4re.vW axeisg?enerated when the region surrounded by y = √x, y = 2 and y =
olhvaetdisabthoeutvyol–um
0 is
a) 32π cubic units
b) 32 5
cubic
c) units
32π 5
5π cubic
d)
3
units
2 cubic

units

En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Limits for y -> 0,2 x = y2
b
V olume = ∫ πx2dy
a
= ∫ 2 πy4dy
05
=
[ ]
πy
5
32π
2

0
= cubic units.
5
5. W hat is the volume of the sphere of radius ‘a’?

a) 34 πa
b) 4πa
c) 4 πa2
d) 34πa3
Ans3wer: d
Explanation: The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 = a2
When itbis revolved about x-axis, the volume is given as
V = 2∫ πy2dy
= 2 ∫ a πa (a2 − x2)dx
= 2π (a x – )
0
2 x3
a

3 0
3

148
 VERTOS ADDA
4 3
= πa .
6. Gabriel’s horn is formed when the curve is revolved around x-axis for x≥1.
a) y = x
b) y = 1

149
 VERTOS ADDA

c) y = 0
d) y = 1/x

Answer: d
Explanation: Gabriel’s horn or Torricelli’s Trumpet is a famous paradox. It has
a finite volume but infinite surface area.

TOPIC 4.7 CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN DOUBLE AND TRIPLE

INTEGRALS.

1. For the below-mentioned figure, conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R

f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to cylindrical polar with coordinates p(ρ,∅,z) is givenby

a) ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz
b) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) dρ d∅ dz
c) ∭R*f(ρ,∅,z) ρ∅ dρ d∅ dz
d) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) ρ2 dρ d∅ dz

Answer: a
Explanation: From the figure we can write x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z now we know that during change of variables f(x,y,z) is
replaced by
ρ,∅,z

f (ρ,∅, z) ∗ J ( ) with limits in functions of x,y,z to functions of ρ,∅,z respectively

x,y,z

150
 VERTOS ADDA

∂x ∂x ∂x
∂p ∂∅ ∂z cos∅ −psin∅ 0

( )=
ρ,⎨,z ∂p ∂⎨ ∂z
x,y,z ∂yz ∂yz ∂yz = cos∅(ρcos∅) +ρsin∅(sin∅)
J ∂p ∂⎨ ∂z
= sin0⎨ pco0s⎨ 0
1
= ρ, thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz where R* is the new region.

2. For the below mentione figure ,conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R

f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to spherical polar with coordinates p(r,θ,∅) is given by

a) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) sinθ dr dθ d∅

b) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 dr dθ d∅
c) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 cosθ dr dθd∅
d) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 sinθ dr dθd∅

En
A xpsw
laenra:tdion: From the figure we can write x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z = r

cos θ now we know that during a change of variables f(x,y,z) is replaced by f (ρρ,⎨,
,∅,z

z) ∗ J ( )x,y,z

with limits in f∂uxnctio∂nx s of∂xx ,y,z to functions of r,θ,∅ respectively

∂r ∂θ ∂⎨ sinθcos∅ rcosθcos∅ −rsinθsin∅
x,y,z
J ∂y ∂y ∂y

)(
= sinθcsoisnθ∅ rc−orssθisniθn∅ rsinθc0os∅
∂r ∂θ ∂⎨
= ∂z ∂z ∂z
∂r ∂θ ∂⎨
ρ,∅,z

= sin θ cos ∅(r2 sin2 θ cos∅) + r cos θ cos ∅(r sin θ cos ∅ cos θ) – r sin θ sin ∅
151
 VERTOS ADDA

= (-r sin2 θ sin∅-r cos2 θ sin∅)……on solving we get r2 sinθ

thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(r,θ,∅)r2 sinθ dr dθ d∅ where R* is the new region.

3. If ∭R xyz dx dy dz is solved using cylindrical coordinate where R is the region

bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, z=1 & x2+y2=1 then what is the value of that
integral?
a) 1/24
b) 1/16
c) 1/4
d) 1/2

Answer: b
Explanation: x2+y2=1→ρ varies from 0 to 1 substituting x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin
∅, z=z z varies from 0 to1, x=0, y=0→∅ varies from 0 to π/2
thus the given integral is changed to cylindrical polar given by
π π 1
1 1 3 1 3 z2 0

∫02 ∫0 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ
π
ρ3
1
z dz dρ d∅ = ∫0 2 ∫0 cos∅sin∅ρ
π
[ ]
2 d ρ d∅
1
∫
0
2
[ ] d∅ = ∫
cos∅sin∅ 8
0
0
2
cos∅sin∅ 8 d∅
put sin ∅=t, dt=cos ∅

t varies from 0 to 1 10∫ 18t dt = [ ] 1

t2 16
=0 1 . 16

4. The volume of the region R defined by inequalities 0≤z≤1, 0≤y+z≤2,0≤x+y+z≤3 is

given by
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 1

Answer: b
Explanation: It is observed from equations that the region is made of parallelepiped
thus volume of parallelepiped is given by triple integral over the given region.
i.e by using substitutions as x+y+z=p, y+z=q, z=r the new region becomes R * where
p varies from 0 to 3, q varies from 0 to 2 & r varies from 0 to 1 jacobian of this
transformation is given
by ∂p ∂p ∂p
∂x ∂y ∂z 1 1 1
p,q,r ∂q ∂q ∂q
J ( ∂x
= ∂r ∂r) ∂y ∂z
∂r
= 0 1 1

x,y,z 0 0 1 = 1(1)– 1(0) + 1(0) = 1

( ) ( )( ) ( )
∂x ∂y ∂z
x,y,z x,y,z p,q ,r
but we need J w. k. t J J = 1 thus J x,y,z = 1
p,q,r

152
 VERTOS ADDA
p,q,r x,y,z p,q,r
now the volume is given by 2 3
∫1 ∫ ∫ dp dq dr = ∫ ∫ 3 dq dr = ∫ 1 6dr = 6.
1 2

0 0 0 0 0 0

5. What is the value of x2+y2+z2≤1?

integral∭R

153
 VERTOS ADDA
3

2 2 2 2
e(x +y +z ) dx dy dz where R is

the region given by

154
 VERTOS ADDA

a) 4π(e3−1)
3
b) 4π(3e −1)
4π(e2+1)
c) 3
3
8π(e+1)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: It can be noticed that R is the region bounded by sphere from the
equation x2+y2+z2≤1 thus we are using spherical coordinate to solve this problem
i.e clearly radius r varies from 0 to 1, θ varies from 0 to π & ∅ varies from 0 to 2π
2 1.5
thus the given integral changes to er r2sinθ dr dθ d∅
R∗

1.5
er is obtained by substituting x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z=r cos θ & hence
2
solving
the2πsamπe, no1 w substituting R* 2π π

∫ ∫ ∫
we get
1.5
r2 2rsinθ dr dθ d∅ sinθ ∫ 1 2 r3
r e dr
0 0
e
0 d∅=
3
∫dθ ∫
0
0 0
π 3 r =1 4π(e−1)
0 3 r3=0 3

[
2π ∗ − cosθ ∗ ] [e ]
1 r
= .

UNIT V DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

TOPIC 5.1 HIGHER ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS

1. What is the order of the differential equation dx

given by a) 0.5
dy
b) 1 + 4y = sinx?
c) 2
d) 0

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the order of a differential equation is defined as the order of the
highest
derivative occurring in the differential equation, i.e for nth if n=1.
n
derivative d y
dxn

It has order 1→ differential equation contains only ddyxderivative with variables and
constants. 2x 4−2y4 (x + y ) xy
2. Given the differential equation dy =
dx

155
 VERTOS ADDA
the degree of differential equation is
a) 1
b) 4

156
 VERTOS ADDA

c) 0
d) 2

Answer: a
Explanation: The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest order
derivative when differential coefficients are free from radicals and fraction above
differential i.e having first order is free from radical and a fraction has a power of 1
thus it has a degree of 1.

3. The process of formation of the differential equation is given in the wrong order,
select the c1o)rErelicm rbibteralorywcgoinvsetnanotps.tions.
t oinpattieonthferoam

2) Differential equation which involves x,y, dy .

dx
3) Differentiating the given equation w.r.t x as many times as the number of
arbitrary constants.
a) 1,2,3
b) 3,2,1
c) 3,1,2
d) 2,1,3
Answer: c
Explanation: The correct order of forming differential equation is given by option
3,1,2, even the given differential equation can be solved by other order given in the
option but the task becomes more tedious.
4. What is the degree of first order differential equation, given by ( ) =(
dy
1.5
xcosx

)?
3

dx x2+√sinx
a) 1.5
b) 1
c) 3
d) 0.5

Answer:
b
Explanation: The degree of DE is obtained by removing all fraction and radicals from
the
pdoy wer ofxcthosex deriv2which
ative occurring in the equation hence the equation becomes
is first degree.
dx
=
( )
x2+√si nx

5. A racer accelerates from a stop so that its speed is 10t m/s t second after
starting how far will the car go in 4 seconds?
a) 80m
b) 60m
c) 40m
d) 160m

Answer: a
Explanation: Given dtdy(t) = 10t … where y(t) is the distance travelled a function of time
above equation is a first order first degree DE where t varies from 0 to 4 seconds
157
 VERTOS ADDA
integrating

158
 VERTOS ADDA

on both side w.r.t t we get ∫ 4 dy(t) = ∫ 4 10t dt = y(4) − y(0) = [5t2]4 …. . but y(0) = 0
0 0 0
since car is at rest at time t=o
y(4) = 5(16) = 80m.

TOPIC 5.2 METHOD OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS - LINEAR

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1. Solution of the differential equation dy + y cot x = cosx is
2 dx
a) ycos x = sin x + c
22
b) ysin x = sin x + c
2
cos2 x
c) ysin x = 4
+c
2 4
d) ycos x = − sin x + c
Answer: b
Explanation: dy + y cotx = cosx is of the form dy + Py = Q where P & Q is a function of x
dx dx
only ∫ P dx ∫ cotx dx logsinx
given DE is linear DE in y here P=cot x, Q=cos x, e =e = sinx
=e
Linear DE solution is given by ye∫ P dx = ∫ Q e∫ P dx dx +c
y sin x=∫(cos x*sin x) dx + c….. substitute sin x=t to solve integral
t2 2
ysinx = + c sinx + c is the solution.
2

2
=
2. For the differential equation dy – 3y cotx = sin2x; y=2 when x= π , its particular solution
is
dx 2

a) y = 2cos2 x + 4cos3 x
b) y = -2sin3 x + 4sin2 x
c) y = -2sin2 x + 4sin3 x
d) y = 4cos2 x + 2sin3 x

Answer: c
Explanation: dy – 3y cotx = sin2x is of the form dy + Py = Q where P & Q is a function of
x
dx dx
only given DE is linear DE in y here P=-3cot x, Q=sin ∫ P = e∫ −3cotx dx
dx
2x, e
−3logsinx
1
log( ) 1
=e =e
3
sin3x = ∫ P dx ∫ P dx
sin x
Linear DE solution is given by ye = ∫ Q e dx + c
y 1 =3 ∫ sin 2x 1 dx + 3c = ∫ 2 sinx cosx 1 dx = ∫ 2 3cosx 1 dx
sin x sin x sin x −2 sin2x
1
substitute sin x=t to solve integral y = ∫ 2 dt + c = + c = 1
+c −2
3x 2
it is given that when x=π/2, y=2→2=s-in2 + c→c=4 tits particular st olution isstinhxus given
by y 1 = −2 + 4 → y = −2sin2 x + 4sin3 x.
159
 VERTOS ADDA
sinx
sin3x

3. Solution of the differential equation (x + 3y2dx) dy= y(y > 0)is

a) x=3y2+cy

160
 VERTOS ADDA

b) y=2x2+c
c) x=2y2+c
y
d) y=3x3+c
Answer: a
Explanation: (x +3y2) dy
= y can be rearrangedto
dx = x + 3y → dx – x = 3y
dx dy y dy y
above equation is of the form dx + Px = Q where P & Q is a function of y only
dy
given
−1 DE is linear DE in x hereP , Q = 3y, ∫ P = e∫ −1 = =1
= e dy
dy elogy
−1

y
y y

therefore its solution is given by xe∫ P dy = ∫ Q e∫ P dydy + c

x 1 = ∫ 32y ∗ 1 dy + c = 3y + c
i.eyx=3y +cy. y

4. Solution of the differential equation [ e−2√x

–y ] dy
= 1, x ≠ 0 is

a) ye2√x = 2√x +c √x √x dx
3
b) ye−2√x = 2x− +2c
c) ye−2√x = 3√3x2 +c
d) ye2√x = 3x c
+
Answer: a
Explanation: 1 e−2√x– 1 y = dy → dy + 1 y= 1
e−2√x is of the form dy
+ Py = Q
where P & Q is√xa function √oxf x dx √x √x dx

onlydx.
given DE is linear DE in y here P = 1 , Q = 1 e−2√x
∫ P dx ∫1 dx 2√x √x √x
e = e √x =e , ∫ P dx ∫ P dx
∫ E1 es−o2l√uxtei2o√nx disxg+ivce=n b2y√xye+ c is=th∫eQsoelutiodnx. + c
L i2n√exa=r D
ye
x+
xy
dy
5. Particular√sxolution of the differential equation
dx =
a) x =y log|x| + y
b) y = y log|x| + : y(1) = 1 is
2x
c) x = x log|y| + y
d) y = x log|x| + x
Answer: d
Explanation: dy – y = 1 is of the form dy + Py = Q where P & Q is a function of x
only
dx x dx
given
−1 DE is linear DE in y here P , Q = 1, ∫ P = e∫ −1 = =1
= e dx
dx logx
−1
e x x
x
= ∫ 11
Linear DE solution is given by =∫
P dx
Q e∫ P dxdx + c 1 dx +
ye∫ →y c

161
 VERTOS ADDA
y=
x
log|x|+c, given y(1)=1–>y=1 when x=1 i.e c=1 therefore its p xarticularxsolution is
given by
y = x log|x| + x.

162
 VERTOS ADDA

TOPIC 5.2.1 METHOD OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS -

NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ax
1. Find the solution for limx→0 ax+x.
a) 0
b) a
c) 1
d) aa+1
Answer: d
Explanation: The given equation can be solved using L-Hospital’s Rule,
d(daxx)
= aax, d(ax+x) = a + 1
limx→0 → ldixmx→0 a → a
ax+x a+1 a+1
2. A rectangular frame is to be made of 240 cm long. Determine the value of the
length of the rectangle required to maximize the area.
a) 24 cm
b) 60 cm
c) 240 cm
d) 120 cm

Answer: b
Explanation: Let us consider ‘x’ as length and ‘y’ as the breadth of the rectangle.
Given: Perimeter 2(x + y) = 240
cm x + y = 120
y = 120 – x
Area of the rectangle, a = x*y = x(120-x) = 120x – x2
Finding the derivative, we get,dxd(a) d(120 x−x2 = 120 − 2x
) dx
=
To find the value of x that maximizes the area, we d( a
)
substitute Therefore, we get, 120 – 2x =0 dx

2x = 120 = 0.
x = 60 cm
To check if x = 60 cm is the value that maximizes the area, we find the second
derivative
2 of the area,
(a2)
ddx
= −2 < 0 ............................ (i)
d2(f(x))
We know that the condition for maxima
is 60 cm maximizes the area of the dx2
< 0, which is satisfied by (i), therefore, x =
rectangle.
3. Find the solution of the system using Gauss Elimination method.

x – y + 2z = 8

y–z=4

163
 VERTOS ADDA

2x + 3z = 2

a) x = 18, y = -18, z = -22

b) x = -12, y = -18, z = 22
c) x = 34, y = -18, z = -22
d) x = -18, y = -12, z = 22

En
A xpsw
laenra:tcion: Augmented Matrix of the given system is,
1 −1 2 8
⎨0 1 −1 4
2 0 3 2
Now, applying the steps for Gauss Elimination method (making the elements below the
di1agon−a1l zero2), we8 get, R3→R3–2R1
0 1 −1 →
4
2 0 3 2
1 −1 2 8 –R23→R 3 R2
0 1 −1 →
4
0 2 −1 −14 ⎨
1 −1 2 8
⎨ 0 1 −1 4 ⎨
0 0 1 −22
Now converting the augmented matrix back to set of equations,
we get, x – y + 2z = 8 ........................ (i)
y – z = 4 ............................................... (ii)
z = -22 .................................................. (iii)
Substituting value of z in (ii), we
get, y + 22 = 4
y = -18
Substituting the value of y and z in (i), we
get, x + 18 + 2(-22) = 8
x – 26 = 8
x = 34
Therefore, the solution of the system is x = 34, y = -18, z = -22.

4. What is the solution of the given

equation? x6y6 dy + (x7y5 +1) dx = 0
( )6 + lnx = c
a) (xy
6
xy)5
6 5 + lny = c
b) (xy
c) 5) + lnx =c
6
(xy)6
d)

+ lny =c
164
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: a
Explanation: Given: (x6y6 + 1) dy + x7y5dx = 0, is an example of non-exact
differential equation.
Dividing the equation by x we
get, x5y6 dy + x6y5dx + dx = 0
x
x5y5 (ydy + xdx) + dx = 0
x
(xy)5 (d(xy)) + dx = 0
(xy6)6 x

+ lnx = c
6. xy ( ) + yx2 + dy
3 dy 2
= 0 is a
dx dx
a) Second order, third degree, linear differential equation
b) First order, third degree, non-linear differential equation
c) First order, third degree, linear differential equation
d) Second order, third degree, non-linear differential equation
Answer: b
Explanation:
Degree is definedSince the
as the equation
highest has
power of only first derivative,
the highest i.e. ( dy
order derivative ), it is aHence
involved. first order
it is 2.
equation.
The equation has one/more terms having a variable of degree twdox /higher; hence it is
non- linear.

7. Which of the following is one of the criterions for linearity of an equation?

a) The dependent variable and its derivatives should be of second order
b) The dependent variable and its derivatives should not be of same order
c) Each coefficient does not depend on the independent variable
d) Each coefficient depends only on the independent variable

Answer: d
Explanation: The two criterions for linearity of an
equation are: The dependent variable y and its derivatives
are of first degree. Each coefficient depends only on the
independent variable

8. Beta function is not a symmetric function.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Beta function is a symmetric
function, i.e., β(x,y) = β(y,x), where x>0 and y>0.

9. Which of the following is the property of error function?

a) erf (0) = 1
b) erf (∞) = 1
c) erf (0) = ∞
d) erf (∞) = 0

165
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: b
x
Explanation: Error Function is given by, erf(x) = 2 ∫
2
e−t dt.
√π 0
Some of its properties
are: erf (0) = 0
erf (∞) = 1
erf (-x) = -erf(x)

10. The equation 2dxdy – xy = y−2, is an example for Bernoulli’s equation.

a) False
b) True

Answer: b
Explanation: A first order, first degree differential equation of the form,
dx

dy
+ P(x). y = Q(x). ya, is known as Bernoulli’s equation.
TOPIC 5.3 HOMOGENOUS EQUATION OF EULER'S AND
LEGENDRE'S TYPE
y(x−ylny
1. Solution of the differential equation dy
= ) is
dx
x(xlnx−y)
a) xlnx+ylny =c
xlynx−ylxny
cb)) lnx
x
lny =c
y
d)
lnx
+ lny =c
x
– y= c

Answer: a
Expl 2anation: xy(xl−nyxl−ny)
ylnx dy-xydxdy==xy dx – 2 x 2 2
dy
–>
x lny dx …….dividing by y then
lny
dy – 1 dy = 1 dx – lny dx
y2 xy xy x2
(lnx( dy) + dx) + (lny( dx) + dy) = 0
1 1 1 1
− y2 xy − x2 xy
lnx lny
d( ) + d( )=0
on iyntegratingx we get
∫ d( lnx ) + ∫ d(lny )
lnx y x
y + lny = c…. where c is a constant of integration.
x

2. Solution of the differential equation dy = e3x−2y + x2e−2y is

dx
e3x
2y x2
a) e=3 3+ 2 + c
e 3y ( e 2 x + x 3 )
b) 6 + c
e 2y ( e 3 x + x 3 )
6 e3
3x +c
c) 3

166
 VERTOS ADDA
2 = +
d) e 2y 3

x
+c

167
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: d
Explanation:dxdy = e3x−2y +x2e−2y
dy
dx
= e−2y(e3x +x2)
separating the variable
e2y dy = (e3x+x2)dx…..integrating
∫ e2y dy =∫ (e3x+x2)dx
e2
2 e3
3x 3
y = +
x3
+ c.
3. Solution of the differential equation sec 2 x tany dx + sec2 y tanx dy=0 is
a) (sec x. sec y)=k
b) (sec x .tany)=k
c) (tan x. tany)=k
d) (sec x .tan x)+(sec y .tan y)=k

Answer: c
Explanation: sec2 x tany dx + sec2 y tanx
dy=0 dividing throu2 ghout by tan y.tan x we
get2
sec x
dx + sec y dy = 0……separating the variable
tanx tany
2 2
sec x
now integrating we dx + sec
y dy = c
get ∫ ∫
substituting tan x = t & tantaynx=p→sec2 xtadnxy =dt & sec2 y dy=dp
→ ∫ 1 dt + ∫ 1 dp = c
t p
log t + log p = c –>log(tan x)+log(tan y) = c = log k….since it is an unknown
constant log(tan x .tan y) = log k
(tan x tan y) = k is the solution.
4. Solution of the differential equation dy
4x+2y+1
a) 1 tan−1( )=x+c dx = (4x + 2y + 1)2 is
12√ 2 −1 √2
b) c ot (4x + 2y + 1) = x +
c

√2
1 4x+2y+1
c) tan−1( ) =c
√2 √2
d) cot-1(4x+2y+1)=x+c

Answer: a
Explanation: dy = (4x + 2y +1)2
dx
here we use sub stitution for 4x + 2y + 1 = t → 4 + 2 dy = dt
→ dy = 1 dt – 2
1 dt dx dx
– 2 =t 2 dx 2 dx
2dt dx
dx
= 2 t2 + 4
sepa1rating the variable and integrating
∫ 2t2+4 dt = ∫ dx
168
 VERTOS ADDA
1 −1 t
tan = x +c
2√2 √2
4x+2y+1
1 ( ) = x +c is the solution.
tan−1
√
2 2 √2

169
 VERTOS ADDA

5. Solution of the differential equation xy

dx
dy
= 1 + x + y +xy is
a) (y-x)-log(x(1+y))=c
b) log(x(1+y))=c
c) (y+x)-log(x)=c
d) (y-x)-log(y(1+x))=c

Answer: a
Explanation: xy dy = 1 + x + y + xy
dx
dy
xy d x = (1 + x) + y(1 + x) = (1 + x)(1 + y)
sep arating the variables & hence integrating
y
dy = 1+x dx
1+y x
∫ y dy = ∫ 1+x x
1+y x

∫ (1+y)−1
=∫ 1 dx + ∫ 1 dx
1+y dy x

∫ 1 dy– ∫ 1 1d+yy – log x– x = c

y – log(1+y) – log x – x = c
(y-x) – log(x(1+y)) = c is the
solution. x2+y2 3xy
is
6. Solve the differential equation dy
=
dx
a) xp=(x2+2y2)-3
b) x2 p=(x2-
2y2)3
c) x4 p=(x2-2y2)-
3
d) x6 x2+y 2
y2

p=(x2+2y2)3
Answer: b 3xy
Explanation: dy = 1+ x2xy
we can clearly see that it is an homogeneous equation
dx 1+v2
= 3
hence substituting y = vx →
dx
dy
=v+ dx
= 3v
dv
x
separating the variables and
integrating
2 2
1+ 1−2
x 3ddvvx
∫= dv = ∫3v1v–dxv…….substituting
= v 3v 1-2v =t→-4v dv=dt we get
2
1−2v2 x
−3 log t = log x + log c log(1 − 2v2) = log cx …..but v = y

4 → −3
4 2 x
x2−2y2 x2−2y −3 4
−3log( ) = 4log cx → log( ) = log kx
x6 x2 x2

= kx4 → x2 p = (x2 − 2y2)3is the solution where p is constant.

(x2−2y2)3
7. The solution of differential equation dy = y + tan y is

170
 VERTOS ADDA
dx x x
y
a) cot( ) = xc
b) cos( yx ) = xc
c) sec2(xy ) = xc
x
x

d) sin(y ) = xc

171
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: d
Explanation: dy y + tan y
we can clearly see that it is an homogeneous equation
=
dx x x
substituting y = vx → dy = v +x dv = v + tan v
separating the variables daxnd integratidnxg we get
∫ 1 dv = ∫ 1dx
tanv x
log(sin v) = log x + log c

sin v = xc → sin( y ) x= xc is the solution wheredyc is constant.

8. Particular solution of the differential equation y2−2xy−x given y=-1 at x=1.
dx
a) y=x
=
2
b) y+x=2
c) y=-x y2+2xy−x
d) y-x=2
2

Answer: c
y2 2y
y2−2xy−x2 –x –
Explanation: dy x2
y2+2xy−x2 = 1 ……. is a homogeneous equation
= y2
+ 2y
dx −1
x2 x2−2v−1
v +2v−1
thus put y = vx → dx = v +x dx = dy dv

separating the variables and integrating we get

v2−2v−1 (v3+v2+v+1) (v2+1)(v+1)
x dv
dx = v2+2v−1–v= − v2+2v−1 = − v2+2v−1
(vv2+2+12)(vv−+1
∫ dv = −1xdx
)
∫
∫ dv = log c– log x
2v(v+1)−(v2+1
) ( 2v +1)(v+1)
2v 1
∫ ( − ) dv = log c– log x
v2+1 v+1 (v2+1)x
log(v2+1) – log(v+1) + log x = log c (v+1) = c
–>
x 2+ y 2
x+y
→ = c → k(x2 + y2) = (x + y) where k=1/c
at x=1, y=-1 substituting we get
2k=0→k=0 thus the particular solution
is y=-x.

TOPIC 5.4 SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS

1. While solving the ordinary differential equation using unilateral laplace

transform, we consider the initial conditions of the system.
a) True
b) False

172
 VERTOS ADDA
Answer: a
Explanation: When bilateral laplace transformation is used in solving differential
equations, we don’t consider the initial conditions as the transformation is from -∞ to
+∞. But when we consider unilateral laplace transformation, the integral is from 0 to
∞. So, the initial conditions are considered.

173
 VERTOS ADDA

2. With the help of Mr.Melin gave inverse laplace

transformation formula.
a) Theory of calculus
b) Theory of probability
c) Theory of statistics
d) Theory of residues

Answer: d
Explanation: Let f(t) be the function in time. The laplace transformation of the
function is L[f(t)] = F(s). So, the inverse laplace transform of F(s) comes out to be the
function f(t) in time. The formula for laplace transform is derived using the theory of
residues by Mr.Melin.

3. What is the laplce tranform of the first derivative of a function y(t) with respect to t :
y’(t)?
a) sy(0) – Y(s)
b) sY(s) – y(0)
c) s2 Y(s)-sy(0)-y'(0)
d) s2 Y(s)-sy'(0)-y(0)
Answer: b
Explanation: Let f(t) = y(t)
L[f′(t)] = ∫ ∞ 0e−stf′(t)dt
−st
∞ −st
= e f(t)(fro∞m 0− to ∞)– ∫0 (−s)e f(t)dt
= −f(0) + s ∫ e stf(t)dt
= −f(0) + sF(s)0

= sY (0) − y(0).
4y.(0S)o=lv3e athned O
y’r(d0in)a=ry6.Differential Equation by Laplace Transformation y’’ – 2y’ – 8y = 0 if
a) 3etcos(3t) +tsint(3t)
b) 3etcos(3t)+ te−tsint(3t)
c) 2e−tcos(3t) − 2 t sint(3t)
3
−t
d) 2e−t cos(3t) − 2 te s3int(3t)
Answer: a
Explanation: L[y’’ – 2y’ – 8y ] = 0
s2 Y(s) – sy(0) – y'(0) – 2sY(s) + 2y(0) – 8Y(s)
= 0 (s2 – 2s – 8)Y(s) = 2s
L[y(t)] = 2 (s2−2s−8) s
t
Therefore, y(t) = 3e cos(3t) + tsint(3t).

5. Solve the solving

= 1.(Without OrdinaryforDifferential Equation
the constants we get iny’’the
+ 2y’ + 5y
partial = e -t sin(t) when y(0) = 0 and
fractions).
y’(0)
(B1)
a) et[Acost + A1sint + Bcos(2t)+ sin(2t)]
174
 VERTOS ADDA
2

b) e−t[Acost + A1sint + Bcos(2t)+ B1sin(2t)]

175
 VERTOS ADDA

c) e−t[Acost + A1sint + Bcos(2t) + (B1)

sin(2t)]
2

d) et[Acost + A1sint + Bcos(2t) +(B1)sin(2t)]

Answer: c
Explanation: L[y′′ + 2y′ + 5y = e−tsin(t)]
1
s2Y (s) − sy(0) − y′(0) + 2sY (s) − 2y(0) + 5Y ( 2s+1)+
1
(s) = (s2 + 2s + 5)Y (s) = (s+1)12+1 + 1
(s2 + 2s + 5)Y (s) (s +2(s2+3)
2
s+2s+2)
= +1) +2
=
Y (s ) (ss2+22s(+s2 +)(2s2s+23s)+5)
( 2

=
((s+1)2+1)((s+1)2+ (Bs+B1) (s2+4)
4)
(As+(A2s1)+1) + ]
y(t) = e−tL−1[
2
= e−t[Acost + A1sint + Bcos(2t) + (B1) sin(2t)].
6. Solve the Ordinary Diferential Equation using Laplace Transformation y’’’ – 3y’’ + 3y’ –
y
= t2 et when y(0) = 1, y’(0) = 0 and y’’(0) = 2.
5 2
a) 2tet5t 720
t
+ et +2 et t 6 + 4et 24
t
2
b) e 720 5
+ 2e−t +2et t + 4et t
−t t
c) e 6 24 2
720
+ e−t + 2e−t t +64e−t t 24
−t 720
t5
d) 2e 6 224
+ e−t + 2e−t t + 4e−t t
Answer: a
Explanation: L[y’’’ – 3y’’ + 3y’ – y = t2 et]

s3 Y(s) – s2 y(0) – sy'(0) – y”(0) – 3s2 Y(s) + 3sy(0) + 3y'(0) + 3sY(s) – 3y(0) – 3−
s
Y(s) = ( 2
s
(s2+3s+ 5)3
Y ( s) (2s−1)6 + ( −1 )
=
5 2
y(t) = 2et t 7+20et + 6+ 4et t 2.4
2et t
7. Take Laplace Transformation on the Ordinary Differential Equation if y’’’ – 3y’’ + 3y’
– y = t2 et if y(0) = 1, y’(0) = b and y’’(0) = c. 2
a) (s3 − 3s2 + 3s − 1)Y (s) + (−as2 + (3a − b)s + (−3a − c)) = (s−1)3

b) (s3 − 3s2 + 3s − 1)Y (s )+ (−as2 + (3a − b) + (−3a − c)s) = 2

( 3−
s
c) (s3 − 3s2 + 3s)Y (s) + (−as + (3a − b)s + (−3a − c)) = ( 2 3
s−1
) ( 2 3s−

d) (s3 − 3s2 + 3s − 1)Y (s) + (−as2 + (3a − b)s + (−3a − c)) =

En
A xpsw
laenra:taion: L[y’’’ – 3y’’ + 3y’ – y = t2 et]
176
 VERTOS ADDA

s3 Y(s) – s2 y(0) – sy'(0) – y”(0) – 3s2 Y(s) + 3sy(0) + 3y'(0) + 3sY(s) – 3y(0) – Y(s) = (
2
3 s−
(s3 − 3s2 + 3s − 1)Y (s) + (−as2 + (3a − b)s + (−3a − c)) = 2
3 .

(s−1)

177
 VERTOS ADDA

8. What is the inverse Laplace Transform of a function y(t) if after solving the
2
Ordinary Differential Equation Y(s) comes out to(sbe
+1)(sY
+2)( ) = s −s+3
(ss+3) ?
a) 12 e−t + 9 e2
−3t − 3e−2t

b) −12 e−t + 9 e2−2t −3e−3t

c) 12 e−t − 3 e2 −2t − 3e−3t
d) −1 et + 9 e2t −3e3t
2 2
En
A xpsw
laenra:tbion: Taking inverse Laplace Transformation for
( (s2
S −+3) partial fractions we get,
Yo(lsv)in=g the
−1
Y (s) = 2 (s+1) 1 + 9 2(s+ 2)1 − 3 1
−1 − t 9 −2t (s−+33t)
Therefore,
= y(t) e+e − 3e .
2 2
9. For the Transient analysis of a circuit with capacitors, inductors, resistors, we use
bilateral Laplace Transformation to solve the equation obtained from the Kirchoff’s
current/voltage law.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: For the transient analysis of the circuit with capacitors, inductors,
resistors, we have to know the initial condition of the components used. So, the
unilateral Laplace Transform is used to solve the equations obtained from the
Kirchoff’s current/voltage law.

10. While solving an Ordinary Differential Equation using the unilateral Laplace
Transform, it is possible to solve if there is no function in the right hand side of the
equation in standard form and if the initial conditions are zero.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: It is not possible to solve an equation if the input and the initial
conditions are zero becase Y(s) becomes zero where Y(s) is the Laplace
Transform of y(t) function.

TOPIC 5.5 METHOD OF UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS.

1. Solution of the D.E y’’ – 4y’ + 4y = ex when solved using method of

undetermined coefficients is
a) y = (c1 + c2)e2x + 2ex – 1
b) y = (c1 + c2 x)e2x + 4ex – 4
c) y = (c1 + c2 x)e2x + ex
d) y = (c1 + c2 x)ex + 4ex

178
 VERTOS ADDA

Answer: c
Explanation: We have (D2 – 4D + 4)y = ex
A.E is m2 – 4m + 4 = 0 –> (m – 2)2 = 0 –> m = 2,2
thus yc = (c1 + c2 x) e2x, ∅(x) = ex and 1 is not a root of the A.E
we assume P.I in the form yp = aex…(1) to find a such that yp’’ – 4yp’ + 4yp =
ex….(2) yp’ = aex and yp’ = aex now (2) becomes aex – 4aex + 4aex = ex –> a =
1
substituting the value of a in (1) we get yp = ex
thus the solution is y = yc + yp –> y = (c1 + c2 x) e2x + ex.

2. Solution of the D.E y’’ + 3y’ + 2y = 12x2 when solved using the method of
undetermined coefficients is
a) y = c1 ex + c2 e2x + 2 – 11x + x2
b) y = c1 e – x + c2 e – 2x + 18 + 21x + 3x2
c) y = c1 ex + c2 e – 2x + 11 + 18x + 2x2
d) y = c1 e – x + c2 e – 2x + 21 – 18x + 6x2

Answer: d
Explanation: We have (D2 + 3D + 2)y = 12x2
A.E is m2 + 3m + 2 = 0 –> (m + 1)(m + 2) = 0 –> m = – 1, – 2
yc = c1 e – x + c2 e – 2x and ∅(x) = 12x2 and 0 is not a root of the A.E,
we assume P.I in the form yp = a + bx + cx2….(1)to find a,b & c
such that yp’’ + 3yp’ + 2yp = 12x2….(2), yp‘ = b + 2cx, yp” = 2c now
(2) becomes 2c + 3(b + 2cx) + 2(a + bx + cx2) = 12x2
(2a + 3b + 2c) + (2b + 6c)x + (2c)x2 = 12x2
2a + 3b + 2c = 0, 2b + 6c = 0, 2c = 12 –> c = 6, b = – 18, a = 21 hence (1)
becomes yp = 21 – 18x + 6x2 thus complete solution is
y = yc + yp –> c1 e – x + c2 e – 2x + 21 – 18x + 6x2.

3. Find the Particular integral solution of the D.E (D2 – 4D + 3)y = 20 cos x by the
method of undetermined coefficients.
a) yp = 4 cosx – 3 sinx
b) yp = 2 sinx – 4 cosx
c) yp = – 3 cosx + 4 sinx
d) yp = 2 cosx – 4 sinx

Answer: d
Explanation: ∅(x) = 20 cos x,we assume P.I in the form yp = a cosx + b sinx
….(1) and since A.E has m = 1,3 as roots,∓i are not roots of A.E.we have to
find a and b such that yp” – 4yp‘ + 3yp = 20 cosx……(2)

179
 VERTOS ADDA

from (1) we get yp‘ = – a sinx + b cosx, yp” = – a cosx – b sinx, (2) becomes
– a cosx – b sinx – 4( – a sinx + b cosx) + 3(a cosx + b sinx) = 20 cos x
(2a – b)cos x + (4a + 2b)sin x = 20 cos x –> 2a – b = 20 and 4a + 2b = 0, by
solving we get a = 2, b = – 4 from (1) yp = 2 cosx – 4 sinx is the particular integral
solution.

4. Using the method of undetermined coefficients find the P.I for the D.E x’’’(t) – x’’(t) =
3et + sint.
a) xp = 3et + 2t (cost – 2 sint )
b) x = t (cost + sint )
12 3te +
p
c) xp = 3tet + t (4cost + 2sint )
3
(cost – sint )
d) xp = 3et +
12

Answer: b
Explanation: We have (D3 – D2)x(t) = 3et + sint, where D = d/dt, A.E is m3 –
m2 = 0 m2 (m – 1) = 0 –> m = 0, 0, 1 –> xc (t) = (c1 + c2 t) + c3 et
∅(t) = 3et + sint we assume for P.I in the form xp = atet + b cost + c sint
…(1) since 1 is a root and ∓i are not a roots of the A.E. To find a, b& c
such that xp’’’(t) – xp’’(t) = 3et + sint……(2)
from (1) we have xp‘ = a(tet + et) – b sint + c
cost xp” = a(tet + 2et) – b cost – c sint
xp”’ = a(tet + 3et) + b sint – c cost,now (2) becomes
atet + 3aet + b sint – c cost, – atet – 2aet + b cost + c sint =
3et + sint aet + (b + c) sint + (b – c) cost = 3et + sint
– – > a = 3 and b + c = 1, b – c = 0 –> a = 3 and b = 1/2, c = 1/2
hence from (1) xp = 3tet + 1/2 (cost + sint) is the particular integral solution.

5. What is the solution of D.E (D2 – 2D)y = ex sinx when solved using the
method of undetermined coefficients?
a) y = + e2x– ex(xsinx+cosx)
c1 c2 e2x– exsinx 2
b) y = + 2
e2x– e cosx
x

c
1 c 2 2
c) y = + 4
ex(sinx+xcosx )
c1 c2 e2x–

d) y = +
c1 c2
Answer: b
Explanation: A.E is m2 – 2m = 0 or m(m – 2) = 0 –> m
180
 VERTOS ADDA
= 0,2 yc = c1 + c2e2x and ∅(x) = ex sinx. we assume PI
in the form
yp = ex (a cos x + b sin x)….(1) since 1±i are not roots of
the A.E. we have to find a, b such that yp” – 2yp‘ = ex
sinx…..(2)

181
 VERTOS ADDA

from (1) yp‘ = ex (- a sin x + b cos x) + ex (a cos x + b sin x)

yp” = ex (- a sin x + b cos x) + ex (a cos x + b sin x) + ex (- a cos x – b sin x) + ex (- a
sin x + b cos x) = 2ex (- a sinx + b cosx) hence (2) becomes
2ex (- a sinx + b cosx) – 2ex (- a sinx + b cosx)
– 2ex (a cosx + b sinx) = ex sinx i.e – 2aex cosx – 2bex sinx = ee xsinx
sin−x x
–> – 2a = 0, – 2b = 1 –> a = 0, b = – 1/2 hence (1) becomes yp = 2
exsinx
y = + = + e2x – 2
yc yp c1 c2
.

182