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Automatic Number Plate Recognition System (ANPR): The Implementation

Research Proposal · June 2021

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821

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 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-10, Issue-8, June 2021

Automatic Number Plate

Recognition System (ANPR): The Implementation

Siddhanth Tripathi, Sinchana Shetty, Somil Jain, Vanshika Sharma

loaded in order to predict each character. This software

Abstract: Automatic Number-plate recognition is a technology aspect of the system runs on standard home computer
that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle hardware and can be linked to other applications or
registration plates to create vehicle location data. It can use existing databases. It first uses a series of image manipulation
closed-circuit television, road-rule enforcement cameras, or
cameras specifically designed for the task. ANPR is used by police
techniques to detect, normalize and enhance the image of the
forces around the world for law enforcement purposes, including to number plate, and then optical character recognition (OCR)
check if a vehicle is registered or licensed. It is also used for to extract the alphanumeric of the license plate. Law
electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roads and as a method of enforcement agencies throughout the nation are increasingly
cataloguing the movements of traffic, for example by highways adopting number plate recognition technologies to enhance
agencies. Automatic number-plate recognition can be used to store their enforcement and investigative capabilities, expand their
the images captured by the cameras as well as the text from the
license plate, with some configurable to store a photograph of the
collection of relevant data, and expedite the tedious and
driver. Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera time-consuming process of manually comparing vehicle
to take the picture at any time of day or night. license plates with lists of stolen wanted, and other vehicles
Keywords: ANPR, Artificial Intelligence, Government Tracking, of interest. Police officers, sheriff's deputies, and other law
Security. enforcement practitioners are often on the lookout for
vehicles that have been reported stolen are wanted in
I. INTRODUCTION connection with a crime or traffic violation, are suspected of
being involved in criminal or terrorist activities, are parking
In the last few years, ANPR or license plate recognition violation scofflaws, have failed to maintain current
(LPR) has been one of the useful approaches for vehicle registration or to comply with statutory insurance
surveillance. It can be applied at a number of public places requirements, or any of a number of other legitimate reasons.
for fulfilling some of the purposes like traffic safety
enforcement, automatic toll tax collection, car park system
and Automatic vehicle parking system. ANPR algorithms are
generally divided in four steps: (1) Vehicle image capture (2)
Number plate detection (3) Character segmentation and (4)
Character recognition. In this project we are going to build a
Real-Time License Plate Recognition System software. This
system automatically recognizes and reads vehicle license
plates using OpenCV and Optical Character Recognition. It Fig.1. ANPR detecting number plates of running vehicles
uses the contour function from OpenCV to detect the license in real time.
plate. And finally, optical character recognition is used to
read the license plate numbers. The approach used to segment II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
the images is Connected Component Analysis (CCA).
Connected regions will imply that all the connected pixels In this project, we propose an automatic and mechanized
belong to the same object. A pixel is said to be connected to license and number plate recognition system which can
another if they both have the same value and are adjacent to extract the license plate number of the vehicles passing
each other. After executing the program, the first output through a given location using image processing algorithms.
obtained is a license plate image detected in a car image. This No additional devices such as GPS or radio frequency
is provided as input to the next process and CCA is applied on identification need to be installed for implementing the
this image to bound the characters in plate. Each character proposed system. Using special cameras, the system takes
identified is appended into a list. Once the characters of the pictures from each passing vehicle and forwards the image to
plate are obtained and the model is trained, the model is the computer for being processed by the ANPR software.
Plate recognition software uses different algorithms such as
localization, orientation, normalization, segmentation and
Revised Manuscript received on June 20, 2021. finally optical character recognition (OCR). The resulting
* Correspondence Author
Siddhanth Tripathi*, Dept of CSE, BMSIT&M, Bangalore, India.
data is applied to compare with the records on a database.
Email: [email protected] Experimental results reveal that the
Sinchana Shetty, Dept of CSE, BMSIT&M, Bangalore, India. presented system
Email: [email protected] successfully detects and
Somil Jain, Dept of CSE, BMSIT&M, Bangalore, India.
Email: [email protected] recognizes the vehicle
Vanshika Sharma, Dept of CSE, BMSIT&M, Bangalore, India. number plate on real
Email: [email protected]
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: H92570610821//2021©BEIESP and Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821 1 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Automatic Number Plate Recognition System (ANPR): The Implementation

images. This system can also be used for security and traffic The gray scale picture is obtained by quantizing from neutral
control. This system can also be used to identify stolen gray starting from the black as a weakest intensity to white as
vehicles on roads. No additional equipment needs to be a highly strongest intensity. Now it is required to binaries by
installed on vehicles for operating this system. The images assigning the pixel values of 0 for black shade and 1 for white
taken by these cameras are subsequently processed in a shade. Furthermore, the registration plate is identified by
computer. All vehicle traffic information is stored in the observing the quick change in the contrast. Rest of the area in
system database for a long time. Thus, detailed traffic the images made filtered. The actual registration plate
information can be retrieved from different parking gates at location is located by matching the width and height. The
different times. contract extension and median filtering techniques enhance
the gray level of registration plate image. Next is the
character segmentation part which further segments the
character individually from the extracted number plate. From
the input image the first process will be to crop out the
number plate characters from starting to the ending point
leaving all the extra wide spaces from top to below and from
right to left as it is. Characters are equally fit in the plate
region. For easy comparison of the input character with the
character in the database the result is normalized into the
character set as the size of the images in the database. Finally,
it's time to apply Optical Character Recognition. The optical
character recognition is a recognition method in which the
input is an image and the output is a string of character. OCR
is a process which separates the different characters from
each other taken from an image. Template matching is one of
Fig.2. Identification of the characters and various the approaches of OCR. The cropped image is compared with
algorithms for registration plate identification contribute the template data stored in the database. OCR automatically
positively in registration plate image analysis. identifies and recognizes the characters without any indirect
input. The characters on the number plate have uniform fonts
III. METHODOLOGY then the OCR for number plate recognition is less complex as
The process of ANPR starts with identifying a registration compared to other methods. OCR is the fundamental
plate of the vehicle. It involves the algorithms used which are technology used in ANPR and provides the capability to store
able to identify the rectangular area of the registration plate and sort data. It recognizes the extracted characters.
from an original picture. This is achieved through video
cameras capturing images that are analyzed using Optical IV. MOTIVATION
Character Recognition (OCR), which scans each group of Unlike other countries, India, with its one billion people
pixels within the images and estimates whether or not it could population, has a unique set of needs for ANPR. The main
be a letter and replaces the pixels with the ASCII* code for use of ANPR is in highway monitoring, parking
the letter. (*) American Standard Code for Information management, and neighborhood law enforcement security. In
Interchange. ANPR cameras need to be of a special type and India there is one death in every four minutes with most of
set up within certain designated parameters. The them occurring due to over speeding. ANPR is used to
identification and recognition process takes place in four monitor the vehicles’ average speed and can identify the
phases mainly. (1) Preprocessing of Image (2) Localizing vehicles that exceed the speed limit. In this case, a fine ticket
Registration Plate (3) Segmentation of Characters (4) can be automatically generated by calculating the distance
Recognition of Actual number plate. The implementation is between two cameras. This helps to maintain law and order
started by capturing the number plate of the vehicle. As a which, in turn, can minimize the number of road casualties.
vehicle approaches the camera the software takes a series of ANPR provides the best solution for providing parking
‘snapshots’ and stores them in a file. When the number plate management. Vehicles with registered plates can
is of sufficient size for the OCR software the frame is automatically enter into parking areas while non-registered
scanned and the registration number is converted to ASCII vehicles will be charged by time of check in and check out. In
code and held in a list. This continues for a series of images India 200,000 cars are stolen per year. This number can
according to the speed and position of the vehicle ensuring lessen if proper steps are taken and the ANPR system is used
that the optimum view of the license plate is achieved. Car to track cars so that if vehicles are stolen, law enforcement
Image -> Grayscale Image -> Binary Image -> Applying will be able to identify when, where and the route taken by a
Connected Component Analysis (CCA) to get connected stolen vehicle. This can help bring justice swiftly to such a
regions -> Detect license plate out of all connected regions vast nation.
(Assumptions made: width of the license plate region to the
full image ranges between 15% and 40% and height of the V. EXISTING SYSTEM
license plate region to the full image is between 8% & 20%).
Identification of the
The edge detection and gray scale filter is applied initially as
characters and various
a preprocessing for selected images to isolate the number
algorithms for
plate region which is a smaller part from the extracted image.
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: H92570610821//2021©BEIESP and Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821 2 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-10, Issue-8, June 2021

registration plate identification contribute positively in 9. While some of these problems can be corrected within the
registration plate image analysis. Therefore, they are the software, it is primarily left to the hardware side of the system
heart of any ANPR system. The ANPR system encompasses to work out solutions to these difficulties.
a camera, software needed for image processing, a computer
system, and frame grabber for analysis and recognition. VII. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Number Plate Recognition has gained a lot of importance in
the last few years. Considerable amount of research work has A. Functional Requirements
been carried out to recognize the vehicle type like car, truck. The whole system can be divided into four main parts: Image
The Support Vector Machine is used to identify the vehicle Pre-processing, Number Plate Localization, Character
model. They demonstrated the numerical results on more Segmentation and Character Recognition.
than 50 data set pictures. There are an adequate number of
applications and software available in the market to identify 1) Pre-processing: (1) Convert color image to grayscale:
or recognize the registration number plates. These systems change the imported color image into grayscale image
serve the purpose with few limitations. To cite a few: these and displays the grayscale image in the Original Image
applications consume ample amounts of time for the Panel. (2) Gaussian Smoothing: this is used to smooth
recognition and also, they require image with high quality. the imported image by removing the noises in it. This
Even though these applications recognize the character on the can increase the successful rate of character recognition
number plate, they fail to achieve the accuracy. The existing step.
ANPR systems recognize the number plate alone but lag in 2) Plate Localization: (1) Edge Detection: perform the edge
tracking the vehicle's location. There exist standard Indian detection algorithm to the imported image to remove all
registration plates, but they are seldom used. As a result, a the other information except the edges. After performing
wide variety of numbers can be found in terms of character this algorithm, the edge information in the original
size, type of the font and location of the registration plate and image that displayed in the Original Image Panel will be
unnecessary characters are present on the number plate in changed into white color and all the other areas will be
many cases. changed into black. (2) Number Plate Isolation: separate
the number plate area from the image by moving a
predefined slide window around in the image to find the
area that contains the maximum number of white pixels,
the isolated sub-image will be displayed in the
Localization Panel. (3) Number Plate Orientation and
Sizing: resize the isolated number plate by removing the
border around the plate.
3) Character Segmentation: (1) Image Binarization: get the
sub-image from the original image as the same size and
position of the resized number plate area, convert the
sub-image into binary image and display it in the
Localization Panel. (2) Vertical Projection: apply
vertical projection on the binary sub-image to count the
Fig.3. Illustration Representing Automatic Toll
number of white pixels column by column. (3) Character
Collection Implementing ANPR
Segmentation: separates binary sub-image into several
parts by using the information from vertical projection,
each separated part is supposed to contain one character
VI. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
and all of these parts are displayed in the segmentation
Some major limitations of the existing system are mentioned panel.
below. These also got into the way of our vision and we aim 4) Character Recognition: (1) Character Recognition
on eliminating most of them in our future iterations. Perform the character recognition algorithm onto the
separated parts of the sub-image to recognize the
1. Poor file resolution, usually because the plate is too far
character contains in them, change the character into
away but sometimes resulting from the use of a black and
white quality camera. ASCII form.
2. Blurry images, particularly motion blur.
3. Poor lighting and low contrast due to overexposure and
reflection of shadows.
4. An object obscuring (part of) the plate, quite often a tow
bar, or dirt on the plate. B. Non- Functional Requirements
5. Read number plates that are different at the front and the
back because of towed trailers, campers, etc.
6. Vehicle Lane changes in the camera's angle of view during 1) A non-functional
number plate reading. requirement tells us
7. A different font, popular for vanity plate. about the
8. Lack of coordination between countries or states. Two cars system’s
from different countries or states can have the same number behavior.
but different design of the pate. 2) This also
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: H92570610821//2021©BEIESP and Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821 3 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Automatic Number Plate Recognition System (ANPR): The Implementation

specifies how are the system’s quality is a wide scope to develop such system for the country like
characteristics or quality attributes. India. This paper provides comprehensive study of recent
3) The system is highly reliable. development and future trends in ANPR, which can be
4) Resource consumption is quite low. helpful to the researchers who are involved in such
5) We can add more resources to our project without developments.
disturbing the current scenario.
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DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821 4 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-10, Issue-8, June 2021

Systems, pp. 1-16, 2011. AUTHORS PROFILE

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studying at BMS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru.
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always learning about new implementations and
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adapting new skills. As with recent enhancements,
19. Yang Yang, Xuhui Gao, and Guowei Yang, "Study the Method of Artificial Intelligence has been his locus point. He
Vehicle License Locating Based on Color Segmentation," Procedia hopes to make future enhancements to this project and has actively
Engineering, vol. 15, pp. 1324- 1329, 2011. participated in other revolving projects in the same domain. As a part of his
20. Feng Wang et al., "Fuzzy-based algorithm for color recognition of Project’s every academic year, he and his team have always prioritized social
license plates," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. responsibility as their priority and implemented their skills & knowledge
1007-1020, May 2008. towards this goal.
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system based on SIFT features," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 3, pp.
998-1002, 2011. Sinchana Shetty is a Computer Science student
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plate character ssegmentation," Intenational Journal of Automation and She's a highly driven individual who is always
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applying the gained knowledge and skills field with her
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"Vehicle license plate tilt correction based on the straight lne fitting
solution. Always determined in looking for opportunities to build her carrier
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models that fix problems and focused to see what the learnings are after a
2010.
project has been completed, and trying to do differently the next time.
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Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: H92570610821//2021©BEIESP and Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H9257.0610821
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