1 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 4 A STRESS SHIFT IN NOUNS THAT BECOME VERBS Read the
Pronunciation tip and do the task.
1.1
PRONUNCIATION TIP
1A 1.1 SILENT LETTERS Listen to the
paragraph. What mistake did the speaker Some two-syllable words can be nouns and verbs. They are
make about the exam? spelt the same, but the stress shis. When the words below
are nouns, the stress is on the first syllable. When they are
On Wednesday I studied all night for my
verbs, the stress is on the second syllable. Try saying them
science exam. I knew I would be able to
as nouns and then verbs.
answer all the questions and I was feeling
confident. The next day, as I sat down to write Nouns (Oo): object export transport present protest record
the final, three-hour paper, something strange Verbs (oO): object export transport present protest record
happened. The paper in front of me said
‘Psychology – Final Exam’. Not only was I in the
wrong room; I’d missed my exam by one day.
B 1.5 Complete the sentences with words from the
Pronunciation tip box. Use the same word for both
I guess I’m not as smart as I thought.
sentences in each pair. Underline the stressed syllable in
B How many silent letters can you find in the the words you chose. Then listen and check.
paragraph? 1 a) Thanks for the birthday .
6 = OK; 8 = good; 10 = very good; b) Tomorrow my company will our new
12 = excellent product.
2 a) I’m out tonight, but I’ll the programme.
C 1.2 Listen and check. Then listen again
b) My team has broken another !
and repeat the words. 3 a) The bicycle is my favourite form of .
2 A INTONATION: wh- questions Read the b) We need to the goods by ship.
4 a) UFO stands for Unidentified Flying .
questions. Which use a rising
intonation? Which use a falling b) Would anyone if I opened the window?
intonation?
1 Where’s your family from? 1.3
2 Who was your favourite teacher?
3 What’s your mother tongue?
5 A STRESS IN PHRASES The phrases in the box have two or
three main stresses. Underline the stressed syllables.
4 Do you like learning languages?
5 Did you learn other languages at school? dress smartly speak clearly answer briefly
6 When did you first speak English? shake hands firmly send references arrive on time
7 Why are you studying here? avoid eye contact be prepared do some research
show enthusiasm
8 Do you know the other students?

B 1.3 Listen and check. Then listen B 1.6 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
again and repeat the questions using the
same intonation. 6A 1.7 INTONATION: sounding polite Listen to two
passengers on a flight from London to Los Angeles.
1.2 Does the man sound polite (P) or impolite (I)? Circle P or I.
1 That’s right. P I      
3 1.4 WORD STRESS Underline the word 2 I understand. P I      
that has a different stress pattern to the 3 Please continue. P I      
others. Listen and check. 4 Yes, definitely. P I     
1 mentor godmother in-laws nephew 5 You’re welcome. P I      
2 ex-husband uncle team-mate partner 6 Of course. P I      
3 classmate pupil girlfriend boss 7 Go ahead. P I      
4 stepfather godfather employee 8 No problem. P I      
grandparents
5 teenager customer native speaker B 1.8 Now listen to the woman and say responses 1–8
relative using polite intonation.
6 stepdaughter sister-in-law grandfather
ancestor

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2 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 B Circle the five auxiliary verbs used to form the past
perfect or past continuous. Which auxiliary verb is
2.1 not pronounced as a weak form? Why not?

1 2.1 WEAK FORMS: present perfect vs C 2.3 Listen and check. Then listen again and
past simple Listen and number the sentences in say the text with the speaker.
each pair in the order you hear them. Then listen
again and repeat. 4 A SOUNDS: the schwa /ə/ Read the Pronunciation
1 a) I met him.       tip. Then look at the table. Start at ‘attack’ and go
b) I’ve met him.       to ‘attempt’. Choose only words with the schwa. Go
2 a) She bought it.       up, down, le or right.
b) She’s bought it.      
PRONUNCIATION TIP
3 a) You worked hard.      
b) You’ve worked hard.       Unstressed vowels are oen represented by a schwa
4 a) We travelled far.       /ə/ sound. This is the first vowel sound in about,
away and around. It’s the final vowel sound in pasta,
b) We’ve travelled far.      
system and woman.
5 a) They spent their money.      
b) They’ve spent their money.      
attack strike raid record
2 A PRONUNCIATION and SPELLING: irregular arrested politician hobby fraud
forms (consonants) Find one word from each
circle that … security robber disaster hostage
1 has a silent ‘p’                       suspect gang violent destroy
2 has a silent ‘b’                      
3 has a silent ‘g’                       crowd campaign alarm conspiracy
4 has a ‘ch’ that sounds like /k/ crash fugitive escape attempt
                     
5 has a ‘gh’ that sounds like /f/ B 2.4 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
                     
6 looks like a four-syllable word, but is a 2.3
three-syllable word                      
5A 2.5 INTONATION: discourse markers for
A B telling a story Listen to a story. What was the
psychology bomb laugh problem and how was it solved?
comfortable foreign vegetable
enough climb stomach receipt B Complete sentences 1–5 from the story. Then listen
technology design again and check.
1 
B 2.2 Listen and check. Then listen again and a friend and I were travelling across the States.
repeat the words. 2 We were driving through the New Mexico desert
when all
we heard a bang.
2.2
3 The next
3 A WEAK FORMS: had, was, were Read the story. What , the car was skidding off the road.
does it tell us about Einstein’s memory? 4  , it began to get dark
Forgetful Genius and we really weren’t sure what to do.
Albert Einstein had done some work for the 5 But ,
Rockefeller Foundation, so they sent him a cheque. we didn’t need to.
But months later he still hadn’t cashed it because he
was using it as a bookmark. He then lost the book.
C 2.6 Underline the stresses on the phrases you
completed in Exercise 5B. Listen again and copy
The Rockefeller Foundation was trying to keep its
the intonation. Then try to retell the story using
records in order, so they sent Einstein a replacement
sentences 1–5 to help you.
cheque. But Einstein had forgotten all about the first
cheque, and wrote back, ‘What’s this for?’

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3 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3 B There are one or two stressed words in each idiom.
Which words are stressed?
3.1
C Listen again and check. Then listen and repeat the
1A 3.1 FAST SPEECH: going to Put the words in sentences. Focus on the rhythm of the idiom.
the box in the correct order to make a sentence.
Then say the sentence fast. How is going to 3.3
pronounced in fast speech? Listen and check.

going you to I’m visit

3A 3.4 LINKING IN CONNECTED SPEECH Match
sentences 1–5 with responses a)–e). Then listen
and check.
B 3.2 Listen and repeat 1−10. 1 I can’t find the keys!      
1 I’m going to 2 The plane leaves at 12, not 2!      
I’m going to see her. 3 I forgot to bring my wallet!      
2 She’s going to 4 I accidentally sent the email to everyone!      
She’s going to call us.
5 The document disappeared from my
3 We’re going to computer!
We’re going to work late.
a) So you’re saying you can’t pay!
4 He’s going to
b) In other words, we’ve missed our flight!
He’s going to help us.
c) Didn’t you say you’d made a backup file?!
5 They aren’t going to
They aren’t going to stay. d) So what you mean is everyone knows the secret!
6 I’m not going to e) Do you mean to tell me we’re locked out?!
I’m not going to do that.
7 She’s isn’t going to PRONUNCIATION TIP
She’s isn’t going to work here. In connected speech, words are joined together.
8 Are they going to Individual sounds sometimes change where the
Are they going to come? words are joined. Here are two common examples:
9 Is he going to Didn’t you sounds like /dɪdntʃə/ because the ‘t’ in
Is he going to win? didn’t, when followed by a ‘y’, changes to /tʃ/.
10 Am I going to Do you sounds like /dʒə/ because the ‘d’ in do, when
Am I going to see you again? followed by a ‘y’, changes to /dʒ/.

3.2
B Listen again and repeat the responses. Focus on
2A 3.3 STRESS IN IDIOMS Complete the how the underlined words link together.
sentences with the words in the box and circle the
idioms. Then listen and check. 4A 3.5 INTONATION: dealing with
misunderstandings Listen to the conversations
dark cup foot water give cake out eye and number the expressions in the order you
hear them.
1 She got in hot           
Can you say that again?      
When the police caught her!
What exactly do you mean?      
2 Almost every minute
You’ve lost me.      
I put my in it!
Could you repeat the last name?      
3 We’re running of time.
I didn’t catch any of that.      
We have to solve this crime!
I don’t get what you’re saying.      
4 You’re a horse.
No one knew, of course! B In the example below, again is emphasised by the
5 You said ‘It’s a piece of !’ speaker, who uses a higher tone. Which words are
And then you made a mistake! emphasised in the other expressions?
6 Please me a hand.
I have to move this sand! Can you say that again?
7 Keep an on him.
He doesn’t know how to swim! C Listen again and say B’s part with the speaker.
8 Holidays by the sea Copy the intonation.
Are not my of tea.
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4 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 3 A LINKING: used to Look at

the photo. Guess which
4.1 sentences are true.
He used to be handsome. 
1A 4.1 FAST SPEECH: have to, must,
He didn’t use to work. 
should Listen and write eight sentences.
He used to live by the sea. 
B Read the Pronunciation tip. Then listen again He didn’t use to like noise. 
and repeat the sentences. He used to play games. 
He didn’t use to have pets. 
PRONUNCIATION TIP
B 4.3 Listen to someone describing the man in the
In fast speech, the final sounds in many
photo. Tick the sentences you hear. Did you guess
words change.
correctly?
For example: have to is usually pronounced
/hæftə/; and don’t have to oen loses the first C 4.4 Listen and repeat the sentences you ticked.
/t/ sound, and is pronounced /dəʊnhæftə/. Make sure you pronounce used to /ju:stə/ correctly.
The same happens with must/mustn’t,
which also oen lose the /t/ sound, and are 4.3
pronounced /mʌs/ and /mʌsn/.
The pronunciation of the final /d/ in should 4 A SENTENCE STRESS: reaching agreement Read the
changes depending on which sound comes Pronunciation tip and the conversations. Which words are
next. For example: should go is pronounced missing?
/ʃʊgəʊ/ and should be is pronounced /ʃʊbi:/.
PRONUNCIATION TIP
Oen, prepositions like to and by and articles (a/an, the)
4.2 are unstressed. They can be difficult to hear, but they are
2A 4.2 INTONATION: emphasis Underline essential to forming correct sentences.
the best word to complete the conversations. Conversation 1
Then listen and check.
A: Do you want to go to the cinema?
1 A: That dinner was tasty. B: That’s OK me.
B: Tasty? It was fascinating/delicious/ A: What shall we see?
beautiful!
B: How about new Bond film?
2 A: That goal was good.
Conversation 2
B: Good? It was impossible/amazing/
enormous! A: Can we discuss tomorrow’s meeting?
3 A: This room’s a bit small. B: That’s fine me.
B: Small? It’s freezing/awful/tiny! A: I suggest we focus on the festival arrangements.
4 A: Are you tired? B: I think that’s great idea.
B: Tired? I’m boiling/wonderful/exhausted! Conversation 3
5 A: Was she angry? A: This design is too similar to the old one.
B: Angry? She was furious/awful/terrible! B: That’s good point.
6 A: That documentary was interesting. A: A new logo really needs to look new.
B: Interesting? It was impossible/ B: I see you mean.
fascinating/freezing! Conversation 4
A: Tom is our best player.
B Notice speaker B’s intonation. Which words B: I’m sure that I agree actually.
does he/she emphasise? Draw intonation
A: He’s certainly our strongest.
lines for sentences 2–6.
B: The way I see , he’s strong but slow.

B 4.5 Listen and check. Then listen again and say

Tasty? It was delicious!
B’s part with the speaker. Make sure you stress the c
C Listen again and repeat B’s part, copying orrect words.
the intonation.

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5 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 B 5.4 Complete the words to finish the

sentences. Then listen and check.
5.1 1 Housework is everyone’s respons .
1 5.1 WORD STRESS Listen and match the 2 Nothing is more important than educa
3 Use your creativ !
.
technology words to the stress patterns. Then listen
again and repeat. 4 The process is biologi .
1 solar power a) ooOo 5 Writing a novel takes imagina .
2 vaccinations b) ooOoo 6 I cannot believe his stupidi .
3 genetic engineering c) oooOoOoo 7 The biggest issue today is immigrat .
4 commercial aeroplanes d) oOoooOo 8 Her use of language is very poet .
5 antibiotics e) oooOo C Listen again and repeat the sentences. Make sure
6 electricity f) OoOo you stress the correct syllable in the final word.
7 communications satellites g) Oooo
8 washing machine h) oOoOoo 5.3
5.2 4A 5.5 INTONATION: polite requests Listen to
the conversations. Where are the speakers: a) in a
2A 5.2 INTONATION: question tags Listen to the bank, b) in a hotel or c) in a tourist office?
question tags. Draw arrows to show the intonation. 1 A: Could you give me a refund?
B: I’m afraid I can’t.
1 You’re a teacher, aren’t you? 2 A: Could you tell me who I should speak to?
B: Yes, of course.
2 You aren’t from Turkey, are you?
3 A: Do you know what the problem is?
3 You know my friend Nick, don’t you? B: Let me have a look.
4 A: Do you know if there’s a bus to the airport?
4 We didn’t meet Jenny, did we? B: Yes, there’s one that leaves every twenty minutes.
5 A: Would you mind ordering me a taxi?
5 She hasn’t called, has she? B: Not at all.
6 A: Would you mind calling the restaurant for me?
6 He will come, won’t he?
B: No problem.
7 They weren’t very friendly, were they? B Listen and say A’s part with the speaker. Copy the
intonation and make sure your voice starts high in
8 We were on time, weren’t we? order to sound polite.
B Listen again and repeat the questions. Focus on the 5 A CONTRASTIVE STRESS: emphasising important
question tag rising or falling. words Read the conversations. Which words do you
think A emphasises when he/she corrects B?
3A 5.3 STRESS SHIFT IN WORD BUILDING Read
1 A: We bought him a black hat.
the Pronunciation tip. Then listen to the pairs of words
and underline the stressed syllable in each word. B: A black cat?! He hates animals!
A: No! A black hat!
PRONUNCIATION TIP 2 A: He’s missed the flight.
Oen, when we add suffixes, e.g. -ation, -ity, and -ic, B: Mr. Flight? Never heard of him.
to words, the stress on the word shis to a different A: No! Missed the flight! He was late for his plane!
syllable. For example, relax – relaxation; able – ability, 3 A: She’s gone to Hungary.
fantasy – fantastic. B: She’s getting hungry? Well, feed her!
A: No! She’s gone to Hungary! The country.
create – creativity educate – education 4 A: It was a nice sculpture.
response – responsibility biology – biological B: An ice sculpture?! Wow. Was it cold?
immigrant – immigration stupid – stupidity A: No! A nice sculpture. It looked nice.
poem – poetic imagine – imagination
B 5.6 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat
speaker A’s part.

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6 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 6 B Read the Pronunciation tip and do the task.

6.1 PRONUNCIATION TIP

1A 6.1 WORD STRESS: -ing/-ed adjectives Remember that would is pronounced in different
Complete the sentences with a word from the box ways in fast connected speech. Complete the
that matches the stress pattern given. Then listen sentences with: /d/ /wʊd/ /wʊdənt/
and check your answers. • In the question form we pronounce would as .
• In fast spoken English in positive sentences we
annoying/annoyed frightening/frightened pronounce would as .
worrying/worried embarrassing/embarrassed • We pronounce the negative, wouldn’t, as .
satisfying/satisfied exhausting/exhausted
confusing/confused relaxing/relaxed
C Listen again and say the poem with the speaker.
1 Lying on a beach is the most oOo
Make sure you use the contracted form of would.
thing in the world. I love it!
2 Aer the race, I was oOo. I lay down
and fell asleep! 6.3
3 I don’t understand advanced physics. I find all
those big words oOo.
3A 6.4 INTONATION: giving news Listen to
people giving news. Is their voice high or low? Why?
4 I’m Oo about the environment. Which tone is suitable for giving bad news?
It’s a big problem.
1 You’ll never guess what. I got a prize for my painting!
5 Lots of young children are  Oo of
2 I’m sorry to have to tell you, but your pet rabbit died.
ghosts.
3 I’m really pleased to tell you that you got the job!
6 I made a stupid mistake in public! I was so
oOo! 4 There’s something I’ve got to tell you. I lost the
house key.
7 I was really oO when they cancelled
our flight at the last minute! 5 I’ve got some good news. We just won the lottery!
8 It’s very Oooo when everything 6 I’m afraid I’ve got some bad news. I crashed the car.
goes to plan.
B 6.5 Listen and repeat the phrases for giving
B 6.2 Listen and repeat the words in the box. news. Copy the correct intonation patterns. Then
repeat the complete sentences.
6.2 4 A SENTENCE STRESS: responding to news Read
someone’s news. Which responses (groups A, B
2A 6.3 CONNECTED SPEECH: would Complete
and C) belong with which piece of news?
the poem with the words in the box. Then listen and
check your answers. 1 A
I’ve just won a prize! I’m
That’s a shame.
I’d that’s wouldn’t (x2) had if going to the Caribbean
That’s terrible.
for three weeks!
What would you do if you could do anything you wanted? That’s really
annoying.
I’d take a plane to Timbuktu.
I’d cross the world by kangaroo. B
1
do all that amazing stuff 2 Well done!
I got an A in my exam!
If only I 2 time enough. Congratulations!
I’m so pleased
I’d swim the sea with sharks and whales.
for you.
I’d dance all night with tiny snails.
I wouldn’t pause, I 3 wait. 3 C
I didn’t go on holiday.
If only I could name the date. You’re joking?
I missed my flight
You lucky thing!
I’d ride upon a dolphin’s back. because of traffic.
That’s fantastic
I’d paint the sky red, blue and black.
news!
I’d become best friends with a cow
4
only I could do it now.
B 6.6 Listen and check. Which syllables are
I’d learn a hundred languages. stressed for emphasis? Underline them.
I’d make a million sandwiches.
I’d climb up Everest. 5 you? C Listen to the conversations again and repeat the
I’d build a boat, 6 what I’d do. responses.

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7 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 7 B 7.4 Listen and check. Then listen and

repeat.
7.1
4A 7.5 PRESENT AND PAST ABILITY
1A 7.1 WEAK FORMS: have Read the questions. Listen Listen to a text about a genius. What
and write the answers. problems has he had?
1 How long have you known her?
               
2 Does he still visit his hometown?
                  
3 You’re a mess. What have you been doing?
                  
4 Where have they been?
             
5 Do you want to see the new Bond film? Jay Greenberg can compose a piece of classical
music in minutes. He is able to hear completed
music in his head and then write it down.
PRONUNCIATION TIP Aged two, he managed to write down the word
‘cello’ and draw a picture of one. At three, he
When we use the present perfect simple and continuous, was able to compose short pieces. By the age
the auxiliary verbs have and been are usually contracted in of five, he could compose whole symphonies.
connected speech, e.g. I have been is pronounced /aɪvbɪn/ However, sometimes he didn’t manage to play
and Has she been …? is pronounced /həzʃɪbɪn/. them because the music in his head was too
complicated. He composed all the time, and
his teachers couldn’t handle him because he
B Listen again and say the answers you wrote in Exercise 1A
was too gied. When asked, Jay wasn’t able to
with the speakers. Focus on contracting the auxiliary verbs.
explain where the music came from.
2A 7.2 COMMONLY CONFUSED CONSONANT SOUNDS:
B Underline eight verb forms for describing
/s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /dʒ/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ Listen and tick the
present and past ability. There is one in each
sentences you hear.
sentence.
1 a) Choose, please!  b) Juice, please! 
2 a) Fish don’t sink!  b) Fish don’t think!  C 7.6 Listen to extracts from the text.
3 a) It’s time for closing.  b) It’s time for clothing.  What happens to the pronunciation of to
in be able to and manage to in connected
4 a) Shoes, please!  b) Choose, please!  speech? How do we pronounce can and could
5 a) Beautiful zoo!  b) Beautiful Sue!  in connected speech?
6 a) That’s quite a sock!  b) That’s quite a shock! 
D Listen again and repeat the extracts.
B 7.3 Look at the words and follow instructions a)–c).
Then listen and check.
7.3
a) Circle five nationalities with a /dʒ/ sound.
b) Underline five nationalities with a /tʃ/ sound. 5A 7.7 STRESS PATTERNS: clarifying
c) Tick five nationalities with a /ʃ/ sound. opinions Read the statement and the
opinions about it. Which words complete the
Argentinian Bangladeshi British Chilean Chinese opinions? Listen and check.
Croatian Czech Dutch French Georgian German
Japanese Norwegian Russian Spanish ‘Success only comes from hard work.’
1 In view, this is true.
2 I think talent is important,
7.2 too.
3 For , this is definitely true.
3 A WORD STRESS The words are grouped according to their 4 I say, I think there’s more to
stress pattern. Each group has one word that doesn’t belong.
it than hard work.
Cross it out and write the stress pattern of the other words.
5 I agree. For thing, without
1 expert gied success skilful
hard work, you’ll never finish anything.
2 hopeless able useless belief
3 aptitude talented recognised developed B Listen again and repeat. Put the stress on
4 ability information incredible approximate the words you wrote in Exercise 5A.

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8 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 8 B Listen again and repeat the sentences. Make sure
you leave slight pauses before and aer the
8.1 non-defining relative clauses.

1 A STRESS PATTERNS IN COMPOUNDS Circle two 8.3

compounds (nouns or adjectives) in each sentence.
1 That sports centre is world famous. 4 A WORD LINKING Read 1–10. The words have been
2 He wears hand-made running shoes. put together to represent the linking between
3 The dining room looks old-fashioned. consonant sounds and vowel sounds. Write the
4 I’ll never buy a second-hand mobile phone again. sentences in their correct form.
5 The city centre is safe because it’s brightly lit at night. 1 I si tOK i fI do this?
6 Those washing machines are half price. Is it OK if I do this?
7 That bookshop is well-known for its rare books. 2 Di dI do something wrong?
8 That tennis player is really good-looking.                    
3 Is thi sa bad time?
B Read the Pronunciation tip. Where is the stress in
each compound in Exercise 1A?          4 No ta tall.
                     
PRONUNCIATION TIP 5 That’ sall right.
Compound nouns are usually stressed on the first                      
word but many compound adjectives have the stress 6 I ha vea bi to fa problem.
on both words, e.g. action-packed, low-tech.             
7 I’ll sor ti tout.
C 8.1 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.               
   8 Come ba cki na minute.
2 A PRONUNCIATION and SPELLING: irregular forms                      
(vowels) Which word in each group uses a different 9 Di dI ma kea mistake?
vowel sound?
       
1 /eɪ/  weight height late great way          10 I fI were you, I’ dope nit now.
2 /aɪ/  guy high buy lie stay        
3 /ɜ:/  heard bored were bird word
4 /i:/  freeze kiss sees keys she B 8.4 Listen and repeat the sentences. Pay
5 /ɔ:/ short fought taught wrote poor attention to the linking between consonants and
6 /əʊ/ cow blow so flow though vowels.
7 /eə/ wear fear share fair there
8 /u:/ mood mud rude you’d chewed
5A 8.5 INTONATION: accepting apologies
Listen to the conversations. What does speaker B
do to sound positive? a) use a high tone or b) use a
B 8.2 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
low tone?
1 A: I’m really sorry about that.
8.2 B: It’s no problem.
3A 8.3 PAUSES IN RELATIVE CLAUSES Listen to 2 A: I hope we didn’t mess things up for you.
the sentences. Which are defining and which are B: Not at all.
non-defining relative clauses? Add commas where 3 A: I’m so sorry about the delay.
necessary. B: That’s all right.
1 That travel site which I used to book my holiday is 4 A: I must apologise for this.
excellent. B: You really don’t have to.
2 That girl who is always commenting on my blog is 5 A: Please accept our apologies.
a nuisance. B: It’s fine.
3 The town where Marie was born is in France. 6 A: Sorry about that!
4 The cakes which are free are delicious. B: It’s nothing.
5 At that time when we were in London we lived in
a big house. B Listen again and say B’s part with the speaker.
6 My friend who sold advertisements used to
work here.

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9 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 9 9.2

9.1 3A 9.5 WEAK FORMS: passives Read a student’s
lecture notes. What is the lecture about? Listen to
1A 9.1 WORD STRESS: nouns Complete the part of the lecture and add the missing words to
sentences with a word from the box that matches the notes to make full sentences.
the stress pattern given. Four of the words are not The 1 of chocolate
used. Then listen and check your answers. 2
Today chocolate eaten all over the world.
revolution advances colonisation democracy 3
first drunk in Mesoamerica in 1900 BC.
independence discovery turning point politics 4
believed to give strength to the drinker.
development inventor
Large amounts of chocolate 5 given to
1 India gained its ooOo from Great Aztec soldiers.
Britain in 1947.
In the sixteenth century, sugar 6 added.
2 The French ooOo changed modern
history, replacing kings and queens with republics. Today about 60% of the world’s cocoa supplies
7
3 The Moon landing of 1969 was a Ooo  grown in West Africa.
in the history of space travel. Thousands of different types of chocolate bars
4 Thomas Edison was the oOo of 8
developed.
the light bulb and many other devices. This variety 9 made possible by adding
5 The oOoo of a flu vaccine saved milk, fruit or other ingredients.
millions of lives.
6 The oOoo of gold in California led B 9.6 Listen to the verb forms in the eight
to the Gold Rush in the mid-nineteenth century. sentences. Remember that the verb to be is weak in
passive sentences. Listen again and repeat.
B 9.2 Listen and repeat the words in the box.

2A 9.3 CONNECTED SPEECH: hypothetical 9.3

conditional: past Find six verb forms in
sentences 1–3. Match the verb forms with a)–f).
4 A INTONATION: showing interest Read the
Pronunciation tip. Then match sentences 1–5 to
Then listen and check.
responses a)–e).
1 I would have stayed if you had
not le.
PRONUNCIATION TIP
2 He would not have played if he had
been hurt. Here are two ways to show interest:
3 Would you have come if you had known • Use a short response with an auxiliary verb: Do
about it? you? Is she? Did they? Either of the two words can
be said with a high intonation to show interest.
a) /hædn/ c) /wʊdʒu:əv/ e) /dnəʊn/
• How + adjective!: How amazing! How interesting!
b) /hi:dbɪn/ d) /wʊdntəv/ f) /wʊdəv/
How wonderful! How awful! The adjective is stressed
B In spoken English, which words can be weakened and said with a high intonation to show interest.
in sentences 1–6? Circle the words that can be
weakened. 1 Jack and Kris are getting married.      
2 We’ve been nominated for an award.      
1 If we had realised, we would have come earlier.
3 Mara was here yesterday with her pet lizard.      
2 She would not have called if she had known you
were busy. 4 I didn’t know my friend had a twin.      
3 If I had seen your keys, I would have picked them up. 5 My fitness instructor eats six chocolate bars a day.      
4 If they had not read the instructions, they would a) Didn’t you? How funny!
never have built it. b) Have we? How cool!
5 I would not have bought the house if I had known c) Was she? How interesting!
about the roof. d) Does he? How strange!
6 If you had not taken the map, you would have e) Are they? How nice!
got lost.
B 9.7 Listen and check. Then listen again and
C 9.4 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. say B’s part with the speaker. Focus on copying the
Make sure you use the weakened forms of the verbs. intonation.

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10 PRONUNCIATION EXTRA

INTERMEDIATE UNIT 10 B Which two words usually follow the main verbs in
these sentences? In fast connected speech, how do
10.1 you pronounce them?

1 A WEAK FORMS: auxiliary verbs Read the sentences C 10.3 Listen and say the following with the
and underline the auxiliary verbs. How are they speakers.
pronounced in fast connected speech? to help → offered to help → He offered to help us.
1 They said they had recycled it. that I → that I was tired → I explained that I was tired.
2 I said I had bought it second hand.
3 He said the houses were insulated. D 10.4 Now listen and say the complete
sentences in Exercise 3A with the speakers. Make
4 They said they were giving up processed food.
sure you use the weak forms of to and that.
5 She said it was organic.
6 I said the environment was suffering.
10.3
7 She said climate change has had a big impact.
8 You said modern life has destroyed the environment. 4A 10.5 VOWEL SOUNDS: short and long Read
9 He said they would begin a recycling programme. and listen to the words below. Which have long
10 You said we would reduce carbon emissions. vowel sounds?
hat – hate bet – beat bit – bite not – note
B 10.1 Listen and check. Then listen again and
shut – shoot
say the sentences with the speakers.
B Look at the table. Start at ‘leave’ and go to ‘soap’.
2 A WORD BUILDING: prefixes Read the Pronunciation Choose only words with long vowel sounds. Go up,
tip then underline the word that fits the stress down, le or right.
pattern to complete the sentence.
leave live sick strip track
PRONUNCIATION TIP
ride cap bone new pain
Prefixes are usually unstressed. The stress is
normally on the root word, e.g. misunderstand, grow felt flies not slide
disagree, invisible, ex-boss. try shot know get same

1 She was fired because she ooO her shoe tray cheap chat steam
boss. (misunderstood/disobeyed/disliked) back red bus did soap
2 Those bottles are oOoo.
(unused/recycled/reusable) C 10.6 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
3 This report is oOoo. It needs to be
rewritten. (irresponsible/inappropriate/inaccurate) 5A 10.7 WORD STRESS: giving advice/warnings
4 I find Robert rather ooO. Listen to the advice and warnings. Underline the
(immature/unusual/immoral) two or three stressed words in each sentence. Then
5 These maths problems are  oOoo. replace the words in italics with your own ideas.
(impossible/disagreeable/overestimated) Watch out for hippos!                
6 The superhero in that film is ooOoo Make sure you lock your car.                
(invisible/unreal/unbelievable) Don’t go there!                
You’d better take your pills.                
B 10.2 Listen and check.
If I were you, I’d avoid her.                
Be careful – it’s dangerous!                
10.2 Don’t forget to call.                
Whatever you do, don’t fall!                
3 A WEAK FORMS IN VERB PATTERNS Match 1–6 to You need to get your visa.                
a)–f) to make sentences.
The most important thing is to breathe.                
1 He offered to a) a bad idea.
2 We agreed to b) pay. B 10.8 Listen and repeat the sentence stems and
3 She invited me c) help us. say the ideas you wrote at the same time.
4 I explained that d) I was tired. Watch out for (mosquitoes!)
5 He warned e) us not to go.
6 We agreed that it was f) to lunch.

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