DEFLECTIONS

Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve

1. Roller or Rocker 2. Pin

θ θ

D=0 D=0
DEFLECTIONS
Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve

3. Fixed Support 4. Fixed-Connected Joint

D=0
q=0 θ
DEFLECTIONS
Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve

5. Pin-Connected Joint The Bending Diagram

+M

θ2

positive bending

θ1
-M

negative bending
DEFLECTIONS
Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve

P1 P1

B C A B
A D
C

P2 P2
DEFLECTIONS
Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Draw the deflected shape of each of the beams shown.
P
w
B
A
C
A B

P
M
B C A B C D
A D

P w
B C
A
A
B C D
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Draw the deflected shape of each of the frames shown.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Draw the deflected shape of each of the frames shown.
DEFLECTIONS
Elastic Beam Theory

w
P

x
dx

x
DEFLECTIONS
Elastic Beam Theory
O’ d (ds’ – ds)
e= =
L ds
but, ds = dx = rdq
dq ds’ = (r – y)dq
r r
M M
ds ds’ 1 -e
then, =
y y r y
dx dx
applying Hooke’s Law:

1 M
=
r EI
DEFLECTIONS
Elastic Beam Theory

1 M
=
r EI
where:
r = the radius of curvature at a specific point on
the elastic curve (1/r is referred to as the
curvature)
M = the internal moment in the beam at the point
where r is to be determined
E = the material’s modulus of elasticity
I = the beam’s moment of inertia computed about
the neutral axis.
DEFLECTIONS
Elastic Beam Theory
O’ 1 M
=
r EI

since, dx = rdq
dq
1 dq
=
M M r dx
ds ds’
y y
dx dx M
dq = dx
EI
DEFLECTIONS
Elastic Beam Theory
From calculus, the curvature is defined as

1 y” d2y/dx2
= =
r [1+ y’2 ]3/2 [ 1 + (dy/dx)2 ]3/2
M d2y/dx2
=
EI [ 1 + (dy/dx)2 ]3/2

Since the slope of the elastic curve is relatively small,

d2y M
=
dx2 EI
DEFLECTIONS
THE DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

d2y M
=
dx2 EI

By first integration, the slope can be determined.

dy M
dx
=  EI + C1
DEFLECTIONS
THE DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

d2y M
=
dx2 EI

By second integration, the deflection can be determined.

M
y =   EI + C1x + C2
DEFLECTIONS
THE DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

M
y =   EI + C1x + C2

The constants of integration C1 and C2 can be found by

applying the appropriate boundary conditions.

Support Type dy/dx y

Hinge or Roller value 0
Fixed 0 0
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
The cantilever beam shown is subjected to a couple moment
at the end. Determine the equation of the elastic curve.
Assume a constant EI.

Mo

L
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
Mo
Substituting C1 and C2:
A
dy M x
q  0
L dx EI
x
M 0 x2
y
Mo M 2 EI
M  M0
x
Maximum slope and deflection is at A (x = L):
d2y
EI 2  M 0
dx M 0L
qA 
dy EI
EI  M 0 x  C1
dx
M 0 L2
yA 
M 0 x2 2 EI
EIy   C1 x  C2
2
Boundary condition: 1. at x = 0, dy/dx = 0
2. at x = 0, y = 0
C1  C2  0
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2
Determine the maximum deflection of the simply supported
beam loaded by a uniformly distributed load through out its
length. Assume a constant flexural rigidity.

A B

L
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2
w C2  0

A B wL( L)3 w( L)4 wL3

0 -  C1 ( L) C1  -
12 24 24
L
x Therefore, the deflection equation is
w
M wLx 3 wx 4 wL3 x
EIy  - -
wLx wx 2 12 24 24
M -
x 2 2
wL Maximum deflection is at midspan (x = L/2):
2
d 2 y wLx wx 2  L
3
 L
4
 L
EI 2  - wL   wL   wL3  
dx 2 2 2 - 2 - 2
EIy 
dy wLx 2 wx 3 12 24 24
EI  -  C1
dx 4 6 5wL4
3 4
ymax -
wLx wx 384 EI
EIy  -  C1 x  C2
12 24
Boundary condition: 1. at x = 0, y = 0
2. at x = L, y = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
The beam in the figure is subjected to a load P at its end.
Determine the displacement at C. Assume a constant
flexural rigidity.

B
A C

2a a
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
x1 P
For x1:
B d 2 y1 P
A C EI 2
 - x1
dx1 2
2a a dy1 P
EI  - x12  C1
x2 dx1 4
M1 P 3
P EIy1  - x1  C1 x1  C2
M 1  - x1 12
x1 2
P 0  x1  2a For x2:
2
M2 d 2 y2
EI  Px2 - 3Pa
dx2 2
2a
P 3P dy2 P 2
2 2 EI  x2 - 3Pax2  C3
x2 dx2 2
P 3P P 3 3
M2  - x2  ( x2 - 2 a ) EIy2  x2 - Pax2 2  C3 x2  C4
2 2 6 2
M 2  Px2 - 3Pa
2a  x2  3a
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
x1 P P 3 3
EIy2  x2 - Pax2 2  C3 x2  C4
B 6 2
A C P 3
BC3: 0  (2a )3 - Pa (2a ) 2  C3 (2a )  C4
2a a 6 2

x2 Continuity equation:

dy1 P dy2 P 2
EI  - x12  C1 EI  x2 - 3Pax2  C3
Boundary condition: 1. at x1 = 0, y1 = 0 dx1 4 dx2 2
2. at x1 = 2a, y1 = 0 P P
3. at x2 = 2a, y2 = 0 - (2a ) 2  C1  (2a ) 2 - 3Pa (2a )  C3
4 2
Continuity equation: 4. at x1 = x2 = 2a,
Solving, Pa 2
dy1/dx1 = dy2/dx2 C1 
3
P 3
EIy1  - x1  C1 x1  C2 C2  0
12
10 2
BC1: 0  0  0  C2 C3  Pa
3
BC2: P
0- (2a )3  C1 (2a )  C2 C4  -2 Pa 3
12
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
x1 P

B
A C

2a a
x2

Substitute C3 and C4 to deflection equation for y2,

P 3 3
EIy2  x2 - Pax2 2  C3 x2  C4
6 2
P 3 10 Pa 2 2 Pa 3
y2  x2 -
3
Pax2 
2
x2 -
6 EI 2 EI 3EI EI

Deflection at C (x2=3a):

P 3 10 Pa 2 2 Pa 3 Pa 3
y2  (3a ) -
3
Pa (3a ) 
2
(3a ) - yC  -
6 EI 2 EI 3EI EI EI
DEFLECTIONS
THE DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

M
y =   EI + C1x + C2

CONTINUITY OF LOADING

All negative values inside the < > will become zero.
 500 N
450 N/m
B C
A D

2m 1m 2m

480 N 920 N
M AB  480 x
M BC  480 x - 500( x - 2)
450
M CD  480 x - 500( x - 2) - ( x - 3)2
2
450 2
M  480 x - 500 x - 2 - x-3
2
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4
Find the value of EIy at the position midway between the
supports and at the overhanging end of the beam shown.

400 N/m 600 N

B C D
A E

1m 3m 2m 2m
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4
400 N/m 600 N Boundary condition: 1. at x = 0, y = 0
2. at x = 6m, y = 0
B C D
A E 0   0 - 0  0  0  0  C2 
1m 3m 2m 2m C2  0

500 N x 1300 N

 400 2 400 2 
M   500 x - x -1  x - 4  1300 x - 6 
 2 2 
d2y  400 2 400 2 
EI 2  M   500 x - x -1  x - 4  1300 x - 6 
dx  2 2 
dy  200 3 200 3 2 
EI   250 x 2 - x -1  x - 4  650 x - 6  C1 
dx  3 3 
 250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3 
EIy   x - x -1  x-4  x - 6  C1 x  C2 
 3 3 3 3 
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4
400 N/m 600 N Boundary condition: 1. at x = 0, y = 0
2. at x = 6m, y = 0
B C D
A E

1m 3m 2m 2m

500 N x 1300 N

 250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3 
EIy   x - x -1  x-4  x - 6  C1 x  C2 
 3 3 3 3 
250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3
0 (6) - 6 -1  6-4  6 - 6  C1 (6) C1  -1308
3 3 3 3

Deflection at midway between supports (x = 3m):

250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3
EIy  (3) - 3-1  3- 4  3 - 6 - 1308(3)
3 3 3 3
250 3 50 4 50 650
EIy  (3) - 3 - 1  (0)  (0) - 1308(3) EIy  -1941
3 3 3 3
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4
400 N/m 600 N Boundary condition: 1. at x = 0, y = 0
2. at x = 6m, y = 0
B C D
A E

1m 3m 2m 2m

500 N x 1300 N

 250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3 
EIy   x - x -1  x-4  x - 6  C1 x  C2 
 3 3 3 3 
250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3
0 (6) - 6 -1  6-4  6 - 6  C1 (6) C1  -1308
3 3 3 3

Deflection at overhanging end (x = 8m):

250 3 50 4 50 4 650 3
EIy  (8) - 8 -1  8-4  8 - 6 - 1308(8) EIy  -1814
3 3 3 3