Assignment 2A Bilal sheikh Student id:z37952 We must carry out an experiment to test our

standard solutions that we have made, when carrying out this experiment we would need to
carry out a titration experiment, before we begin with any of the practical work it is important
that we identify all the risks when carrying out a titration When dealing with chemicals such
as sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and iodine these chemicals are very dangerous.
These chemicals if drunk can cause serious damage to our body so it's important we handle
these chemicals responsibly and wear safety goggles at all times to ensure the safety of all
parties when carrying out this experiment. The risks involved are if the chemicals are split
into one's hand prolonged exposure can cause acid burns and other skin irritation so is
important we handle it safely any spilt chemicals must be washed off immediately. When
measuring the chemicals we make sure we wear goggles so that the acid does not go into
our eyes. Before beginning any experiment we need to make sure our equipment is
calibrated, it is important to calibrate our equipment so we use the correct units and get the
accurate values when we conduct and experiment, if our equipment is not calibrated it can
give us invalid results and thus the experiment would fail before it even begins. Before we
begin titration we would need to prepare a primary standard solution of sodium carbonate by
weighing the correct amounts but first we would calibrate our mass balance. To calibrate our
mass balance your would first: 1.switch on the balance 2.press smpl and Acc together until
the display says ‘UnLoAs CAL’ 3. Press O/T when stable symbol present 4. Press the unit
button to scroll through the list and press O/T to select calibration of weights 5. When display
shows ‘LOAD WEI’ place weight onto the pan 6. When the symbol appears press O/T to
calibrate 7. If the calibration has been completed correctly the balance should say pass We
would then need to calibrate the pipette so we can transfer the correct volume of the sodium
hydroxide in our titration experiment. We need to calibrate the pipette before beginning the
experiment. To calibrate the the pipette we would need: 1. Mass balance 2. Water 3.
Thermometer 4. Beaker 5. graduated pipette We would first: 1. Weigh small beakers and
record the mass.2. Using a graduated pipette transfer exactly 25cm cubed water into a
beaker. 3. Measure the temperature of the water use a thermometer and record the results
4. Weigh the beaker containing the water and record the results 5. Calculate the volume by
using the following formula mass/density Once we have calibrated the mass balance and our
pipette we are ready to begin to prepare to make our primary standard solution of sodium
carbonate for our titration experiment. We would first need the following equipment for this
experiment: 1. Sodium carbonate (0.05M) 2. Volumetric flask 3. Mass balance 4. Spatula 5.
Weighing boat 6. Beaker 7. Distilled water 8. funnel To carry out the making a standard
solution we would fist: 1. measure the mass of the weighing by pressing O/T and record the
mass 2. Add the sodium carbonate to the weighing boat and place it onto the mass balance
and add approximately 1.30 grams of sodium carbonate. Record the mass after 3. Measure
the mass of the beaker 4. Add the sodium carbonate to the beaker and measure the mass 5.
Pour the distilled into the beaker around 200ml 6. Use a glass rod and begin the mixing
process until the sodium carbonate is fully dissolved. 7. Use distilled water to remove any
excess sodium carbonate from the glass rod rinse twice. 8. Pour the solution into the
volumetric flask using a funnel so none of the solution spills, add remaining distilled water to
the volumetric flask till it reaches the line measure at eye level. Measure it accurately using a
pipette 9. Shake the volumetric flask several times and leave it to rest until you begin the
titration To conduct a titration of how hydrochloric acid is used to determine the concentration
of an NaOH solution. We would first before beginning our experiment we would make a
hypothesis on what we would see when we conduct the experiment. When carrying out an
experiment it is important to make a prediction on what our end result would be so we know
that our end objective has been achieved. When we carry out a titration we would want to
know the concentration of our unknown solution. So in this experiment we are trying to
determine the concentration of NaOH. what we would observe when carrying out a titrationis
the color change. When we add our HCl acid to the sodium carbonate solution, we would
see a color change from red/pink to a golden yellow color. Before we begin the experiment
we would take a risk assessment, when carrying out an titration we are working with
solutions that have a low pH, so have an acidic nature. We are working with solutions like
iodine that are harmful for our skins so before beginning our experiment we must take into
account the risk and set in play procedures that would limit the risks to students carrying out
an experiment. When working with dangerous chemicals we must make sure we wear
goggles as when we are measuring volumes at eye level no chemicals go into our eyes.
When we handle our solutions we must make sure to be careful and not gett any on our skin,
as it can cause extreme irritations. In the case we do spill chemicals on our hands students
have to wash hands immediately and work more carefully. Once we have made our risk
assessment we can focus on p procedures and how we will carry out our experiment to the
highest degree of accuracy and precision. The equipment we would need for this experiment
is, 1. Two beakers 2. Graduated pipette 3. conical flask 4. Burette 5. Funnel 6. Pipette 7.
Clamp stand 8. Hydrochloric acid 9. Standard solution of sodium carbonate Before beginning
the experiment we would make sure all our equipment has been rinsed by distilled water so
no foreign remnants affect our results. 1. First we would measure 25cm3 of standard sodium
carbonate using a graduated pipette and transfer to a conical flask. 2. We would then add a
few drops of methyl orange into the conical flask containing the standard solution of sodium
carbonate. 3. Then we would need a burette, before using the burette we would clean the
burette 2 times with distilled water and then 3 times with hydrochloric acid. 4. Attach the
burette to the clamp stand and place the stand on the floor place the funnel on top and fill up
with acid make sure that there are no air bubbles we can do this by letting the tap open a bit
to eliminate air bubbles and using pipette add it back 5. Record the initial volume on the
results table 6. Place the conical flask under the burette and begin to swirl, once you begin
to notice a color change beginning to slow the tap down and begin to swirl once the color
change is complete we would record the final volume. 7. Repeat the experiment, use your
fist one as a rough, and then repeat the experiment three more times and calculate the
mean titre, we do this to get concordant results.