Parts of the Body

1
Task 1. Match the Latin terms with the English equivalents.

  mandible lower jaw

extremity limb
maxilla upper jaw
clavicle collar-bone
dorsal back
ventral front
sternum breastbone
scapula shoulder-blade
thorax chest

Human body
2
 The human body refers to the entire structure of a human being.
The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and limbs (extremities).
The head consists of 2 parts: the skull contains the brain and the face including the forehead, the
eyes, nose, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears and the chin.
Each eye has the eyelids and the eyelashes that grow along the edge of the eyelids. There are the
eyebrows over our eyes. The eyes serve as the organ of sight. The eye consists of the cornea,
crystalline lens, and pupil.
The nose is the organ of smell through which we breathe.
The ear includes 3 principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear and the internal ear. The ear is
responsible for hearing and balance.
The mouth has 2 lips: the upper and the lower lip. The tongue which is the organ of taste, teeth and
hard and soft palates are located in the mouth.
The head is connected with the trunk by the neck.
The upper part of the trunk is the chest. The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart
and the esophagus (gullet).
The lower part of the trunk called abdomen consists of the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the
intestines, the kidneys, the gallbladder and the bladder.
The surface of the body from the neck to the buttocks is called the back.
The waist is the narrow middle part of the body above the hips.
When we speak of the upper extremity we mean the arm. The upper extremity connected with the
chest by the shoulder consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist and the hand. We
have 5 fingers on each hand which allow grasp the objects. A short finger set apart from the other is
called the thumb. Each finger, starting with the one closest to the thumb, has a colloquial name to
distinguish it from the others: index finger (pointer finger, forefinger), middle finger (long finger), ring
finger and little finger (pinky finger, small finger, baby finger). Fingers contain some of the densest
areas of nerve endings on the body, are the richest source of tactile feedback, thus the sense of touch is
intimately associated with hands.
The lower extremity called the leg consists of the hip (thigh), the knee, the calf, the ankle and the
foot. The foot is composed of the toes, the heel, the sole and the arch. The nail is a hard part at the end
of a toe and finger.
The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from
injury. The bones are covered with muscles.
The body is covered with the skin.

Task 2. Fill in the gaps, using the text Human body:

In the practical Anatomy class we study the human body. The principal parts of the
human body are the head , the trunk, the extremities. We have upper extremities arms
and of the lower extremities legs.
The head consists of two parts: the skull and the face. The skull contains the brain
and the face consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth , the cheeks, the
ears and the chin .
The mouth has two lips. In the mouth cavity there are gums, a teeth and a palate.
The head is connected with the trunk by neck . The upper part of the trunk is the chest
3
and the lower part is the abdomen. The principle organs in the chest are the lungs, the
heart and the esophagus . We breathe with the lungs and the heart makes beats.
The principal organs of the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen,
the intestines, the kidneys, the gallbladder and the bladder.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. The upper
extremity consists of the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm, the wrist and the hand. We
have four fingers and a thumb on each hand. The lower extremity consists of the hip
(thigh), the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot. The skin covers the body.
Task 3. What parts of the body are described?
1. The movable part of the body at the end of the leg on which a person stands. Lengs
2. The upper front part of the body between the neck and the stomach, enclosing the heart and lungs.
The chest
3. The part of the face above the mouth which is the organ of smell and through which air is breathed.
Nose
4. The opening on the face through which a person can take food into the body and speak. Mouse
5. The front part of the head from the chin to the forehead and hair. Face
6. The lower part of the arm between the hand and the elbow. The wrist
7. The lower part of the face above the eyes and below the hair. Forehead
8. The front part of the face below the mouth. Chin
9. The front part of the body below the chest. Abdomen
10. The part of the leg just above the foot. The calf
Task 4.Say in English:
1. Основні частини тіла людини – голова, тулуб і кінцівки.
The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and limbs.
2. Голова складається з двох частин – черепа і лиця.
The head consists of 2 parts: the skull and the face.
3. В ротовій порожнині знаходяться зуби, ясна і піднебіння.

In the oral cavity are the teeth, gums and palate.

4. Верхня частина тулуба – груди, нижня – живіт.

The upper part of the trunk is the chest,the lower part – abdomen.
5. Головні органи грудної клітини – серце, легені й стравохід.
The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart and the esophagus.
6. В черевній порожнині знаходяться шлунок, кишківник, печінка, жовчний
міхур, нирки, сечовий міхур.

In the abdominal cavity are the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, kidneys,
bladder.

7. Верхня кінцівка складається з плеча, передпліччя, ліктя, зап’ястя і кисті.

4
The upper extremity consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist
and the hand.
8. Нижня кінцівка складається з клубу, коліна, щиколотки, ступні.
The lower extremity consists of the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot.

Task 5. Write the adjective that fits each of the following definitions. The correct suffix is given
in parentheses.
1. Pertaining to (-ic) the head cephalic
2. Pertaining to (-ic) the chest _______________________
3. Pertaining to (-al) the neck __________________________
4. Pertaining to (-ar) the lower back _____________________
5. Pertaining to (-al) the abdomen________________________

Task 6. Fill in the blanks:

1. Acrokinesia is excess motion (-kinesia) of the ___________________________________.
2. Animals that brachiate, such as monkeys, swing from place to place using their _______________.
3. A dactylospasm is a cramp (spasm) of the ___________________________________.
4. The term brachiocephalic refers to the ___________________________________.
5. Podiatry is a specialty that treats problems of the ___________________________________.
5
6. A bipedal animal has two ___________________________________.
Task 7. Adjectives. Name the part of the body referred to in each of the following adjectives:
1. cervical _________________________________________
2. cephalic _______________________________________
3. brachial ___________________________________
4. celiac ________________________________________
5. thoracic ______________________________________
6. peritoneal _______________________________
7. pedal ____________________________________
Directional Terms
Task 8. Translate the terms:
Plane -плоский
Anatomical – анатомічний
Frontal –фронтальний
Sagittal –сагітальний
Transverse – поперечний
Superior – верхній
Posterior /dorsal – задній
Anterior/ ventral –передній
Inferior/caudal - нижній
Proximal –проксимальний
Distal - дистальний
Medial –медіальний
Lateral - латеральний

In describing the location or direction of a given point in the body, it is always assumed that the
subject is in the anatomical position, that is, upright, with face front, arms at the sides with palms
forward, and feet parallel. A frontal plane, also called a coronal plane, is made at right angles to the
midline and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A sagittal plane passes from front
to back and divides the body into right and left portions. If the plane passes through the midline, it is a
midsagittal or medial plane. A transverse plane passes horizontally, dividing the body into superior
and inferior parts.

6
Task 9. Examine each of the following statements. If the statement is true, write T in
the first blank. If the statement is false, write F in the first blank and correct the
statement by replacing the underlined word in the second blank.
True or False Correct Answer
1. The cranial and spinal cavities are the ventral body cavities. F dorsal
2. A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts. T
3. The wrist is distal to the elbow. F distal
4. A transverse plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. F frontal
5. The abdominal cavity is inferior to the thoracic cavity. F superior
6. The hypogastric region is superior to the umbilical region. T
7. When B.K. in the opening case study was lying in the supine position, he was lying
face down. F face up
8. The left hypochondriac region is in the LUQ.T

ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS AND QUADRANTS

REGIONS
7
Task 10. Label the regions:
Doctors divide the abdominopelvic area into nine regions.
9 - Hypogastric region: middle lower region below the umbilical region.
6 - Umbilical region: region of the navel or umbilicus.
7 -Right inguinal region: right lower region near the groin (inguin/o 5 groin), which is
the area where the legs join the trunk of the body. This region also is known as the right
iliac region because it lies near the ilium (the upper portion of the hip bone).
2- Left hypochondriac region: left upper region below the rib cartilage.
4 - Right lumbar region: right middle region near the waist.
3 - Epigastric region: region above the stomach.
5 - Left lumbar region: left middle region near the waist.
1 -Right hypochondriac region: right upper region below (hypo-) the cartilage
(chondr/o) of the ribs that extend over the abdomen.
8 -Left inguinal region: left lower region near the groin. Also called the left iliac
region.

More simply, but less precisely, the abdomen can be divided by a single vertical line
and a single horizontal line into four sections, designated the right upper quadrant
(RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant
(LLQ).

8
 1- RUQ
2- RLQ
3- LUQ
4- LLQ

Task 11. Label the body cavities:

9
1 – cranial cavity
2 – spinal cavity
3 – dorsal cavity
4 – thoracic cavity
5 – diaphragm
6 – abdominal cavity
7 – pelvic cavity
8 – abdominal pelvic cavity
9 – ventral cavity

10