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GasLiquid Reactions - First Order - Hatta Number

1. The document discusses first order gas-liquid reactions and presents a model equation to describe transport in the liquid film at the gas-liquid interface. 2. It introduces the dimensionless Hatta number, which represents the ratio of diffusion time to reaction time and indicates whether reaction occurs primarily in the liquid film or bulk liquid. 3. Solutions to the model equation are presented for small and large Hatta numbers, showing concentration profiles across the film that reflect whether reaction occurs mainly in the film or bulk.

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Shivahari Gopalakrishnan
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1K views

GasLiquid Reactions - First Order - Hatta Number

1. The document discusses first order gas-liquid reactions and presents a model equation to describe transport in the liquid film at the gas-liquid interface. 2. It introduces the dimensionless Hatta number, which represents the ratio of diffusion time to reaction time and indicates whether reaction occurs primarily in the liquid film or bulk liquid. 3. Solutions to the model equation are presented for small and large Hatta numbers, showing concentration profiles across the film that reflect whether reaction occurs mainly in the film or bulk.

Uploaded by

Shivahari Gopalakrishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gas-liquid Reaction : First order reactions.

Model equations for transport in the film.


d2 A
D A 2 = k1 A
dx (1)
where k1 is the rate constant for the reaction. It is convenient to normalize the equation
by defining the following dimensionless variable.
A x
a= , y= ¿
A∗¿ δ
Dimensionless representation of Eq (1) is then
2
d a
2
= Ha 2⋅a
dy
k1
where Ha2 is 2 DA
Ha is an important dimensionless group for gas – liquid reactions and is known as the
Hatta number. The physical significance of the Hatta number can be gauged by expressing it as
a rate of two terms constants
δ2 / D A t diffusion time
Ha 2 = = D =
1/ k 1 tR reaction time
Thus a large value of Hatta number implies that diffusion time is much larger than
reaction time and hence we would expect considerable reaction to take place in the film itself.
The concentration will drop significantly in the film for large values of Hatta number. The
solution to Eq. (1) will refect these effects and is presented below:

We use the following boundary conditions for Eq(1).


At x = 0, A = A* or a = 1
At x = , A = A0 or a = a0
where A0 is the concentration of dissolved A in the bulk liquid. The solution is then
given as: sinh Ha ( 1− y ) sinh Ha y
a= + a0
sinh Ha sinh Ha

Typical concentration profiles are shown in Fig 4 as a plot of ‘a’ vs y for two values of
Ha. For small values of Ha, some unreacted gas diffuse into the bulk. For large Ha all the
dissolved gas reacts in the film.
1

a
A0

0 
x

(a) Solution for small values of Ha

A*

0 
x

(b) Solution for large values of Ha

FIGURE 4. First-order reaction, film model (a) Solution of small Ha (b) Solution of large
Ha

The flux of A at the interface is obtained by applying Fick's Law at the interface.

dA
R Ai = −D A ( )dx x=0

and is given by
A0 Ha
R Ai = k L A∗−( )
cosh Ha tanh Ha (A)
Similarly the flux into the bulk liquid is
R Aδ = −D A ( dAdx )
x =δ

and the result is:

k L Ha
R Aδ = ¿¿
tanh Ha (B)

The bulk liquid concentration has to be obtained by consideration of the processes in the
bulk liquid and cannot be set arbitrarily. To illustrate how this is calculated, consider absorption
in a completely backmixed liquid. The system can be schematically represented as shown in the
following figure.

Gas

QL QL
Liquid

Assume that a pure gas is bubbled into the liquid so that there is no change in the gas
phase partial pressure of reactant A. The interfacial concentration is therefore maintained at A*.
Liquid enters with a dissolved gas concentration Ain (usually zero) and leaves with a
concentration Aout. The liquid volumetric flow rate is QL. The volume of the system is V and agl
is the gas-liquid transfer area per unit volume of contactor.

Then writing a mass balance for bulk liquid yields:


In - Out = Reacted
R Aδ a gl V +Q L A in−Q L A out =vε l k 1 A out

Equation can be made dimensionless by defining the following parameters:


α gl =k L a gl V /Q
α r =ε l Vk 1 /Q L

Also
R Aδ can be substituted from Eq(B) yielding
Ha Ha
α gl − α a −a −α a =0
sinh Ha tanh Ha gl 0 0 r 0 (C)
where we set Ain = 0 for simplification.
Solution of Eq (C) gives the following equation for bulk liquid concentration of A.

Haα gl
a0 =
( sinh Ha ) ( 1+ α r ) + Ha α gl cosh Ha

α
For example, Ha = 1, gl = 1.5 and α r = 10
We find a0 = 0.09841
For large Ha, a0  0 indicating that film reactions dominate.

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