Process Design Practices: KORF Technology
Process Design Practices: KORF Technology
CONTENT
Simulation
Flash calculations; Equations of state; Mass, energy and entropy balance; Simulation of typical equipment;
Phase equilibrium; Immiscible systems; Critical and retrograde phenomena
Design Conditions
Relief valve locations; Design pressure, including typical margins, pumps shut off head and, 10/13 rule; Vacuum
design pressure; Test pressure; Design temperature, including typical margins; MDMT and Minimum
pressurization temperature; Flanges, including type, facing and rating; Pipe specs; Pipe spec breaks.
Hydraulics
Pipe sizing techniques; Equipment nozzle sizing; Typical equipment pressure drops; Hydraulic cases; Hydraulic
circuits
Piping
Pressure drop calculation; Incompressible flow; Compressible flow; Two-phase flow; Two-phase flow regime
maps; Friction factors; Pipe roughness; Insulation and tracing; Hot taps and stopples; Hand valves
Flow Orifices
Types; Orifice construction, taps, straight run requirements and wiring diagram; Orifice sizing; Beta ratio limits;
Orifice/nozzle equations; Choke flow; Two-phase flow; Discharge coefficients; Expansion factors; Permanent
pressure drop; Flow correction
Control Valves
Components; Body types, size, trim, action, direction and characteristics; Actuator type and action; Positioners;
Failure mode; Installation; Wiring diagram; Valve sizing; Equations for liquids, gases and 2-phase flow circuits
Vessels
Types; Sizing and rating techniques and equations; Level configurations; Vessel nozzles and heads; Vertical
and horizontal vessel layout; Inlet piping; Elevation and supports; Volumes
Towers
Simulation; Tray types; Efficiency; Column sizing criteria; Jet and Downcomer flooding; Derating factor; Tray
spacing; Tower layout; Tray and piping layout at feeds, draw offs, transitions and reboilers; Types and layout of
reboilers/condensers
Heat Exchangers
Heat transfer basics; Typical U-values; Temperature difference; FT factor; Approach; Heat release curves;
Pressure drop; TEMA types and guidelines; Tube and pass arrangements; Baffles; Typical layouts
Heaters
Heater types; Heater components; Radiant/Convection sections; Sootblowing; Decoking; Dryout and
Startup/Shutdown; Burners; Fuel piping and shutdown systems; Simulation practices; Efficiency; Excess
air/oxygen; Flue gas dew point and ash corrosion; Process inlet piping
Relief Valves
Set, accumulated and back pressures; Relief valve types; ASME 1 & 8 issues; Relief valve sizing; Inlet and outlet
piping; Relief cases and loads; Instrumentation and double jeopardy
Metallurgy
Design life; Common refinery materials and ASTM designations; Refining corrosion mechanisms, including high
temperature hydrogen, sulphur and hydrogen sulphide corrosion; HIC; PWHT; CUI; Temperature embrittlement;
Flue ash corrosion; PTSCC and ClSCC; Non-destructive testing