SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Material

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author: Keneth S. Tolentino
Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Mark Jeremy D. Roque

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 2 Week 2
 TITLE CARD
Lesson 1: Living Things and Their Environment

MICROSCOPY:
The Unseen World

Subtopic: Manipulation of the microscope and preparation of specimen

GUIDE CARD

Hi! This is Bacterio, do you know me? Well, if not, you can’t
see me easily because I’m so tiny that your naked eyes won’t
recognize where I belong. Yes, I am too small but I can make
significant things in your world. Come and join me on
exploring my place through your microscope.

Microscopy utilizes microscope as a tool which can help you

see tiny objects and living organisms.

This will allow you to see microorganism like me. All you need
to do is to familiarize the proper technique in the use of
microscope and specimen preparation.

1
 SPECIMEN PREPARATION

Figure 2
LEARNING COMPETENCY Focus specimens using the compound
microscope

Take the pre-assessment below to see if you already some information about
our destination. Best of luck!!!

PRE-ASSESSMENT Multiple Choices: Choose the letter of the

correct answer. Write the letter of your
Figure 1 choice on your answer sheet.

1. What is the primary material used in preparing specimen?

A. Glass slide C. metallic slide
B. Carbon paper D. filter paper
2. Objective lens function is to magnify the specimen under the microscope,
thus, their magnification varies. Which is the ideal sequence use of objective
lens?
A. HPO-LPO-OIO C. OIO-HPO-LPO
B. LPO-OIO-HPO D. LPO-HPO-OIO
3. Which of the following best describe the chronological way of specimen
preparation?
I. Slice off a thin piece of the sample specimen.
II. Prepare the glass slide to be used
III. Place the sample specimen on the slide
IV. Set a cover slip over the sample specimen
A. II,III, IV, I C. I, IV, II, III
B. III, II, I, IV D. I, II, III, IV
4. It is a sample taken from an animal or plant which will be examined under
the microscope.
A. Species C. Stain
B. Specimen D. Secretion
5. Coarse adjustment is one of the manipulative parts of the microscope, thus
it’s lower down the body tube what else it can do?

2
 A. It provides clear view of the image
B. It makes the body tube in motion
C. It supports the objective lens
D. It causes the objective lens move

Nice job, I think you are quite ready for this topic, but before moving on…

Let us have a short recap on what you have

REVIEW learned from the basic parts of the
microscope.

Important things:

• The ability of the microscope is to make the specimen bigg er known as

magnification
• The light microscope uses diffused light from the sun or artificial light to illuminate
the object to be observed and collected through the mirror at the bottom part.

On a separate paper, categorize the following parts of a microscope

fine adjustment LPO base arm

revolving nosepiece eyepiece body tube
coarse adjustment stage objective lens
HPO inclination joint OIO

Mechanical Parts Magnifying Parts Supporting Parts

You’ve got it right, you have learned enough from your previous tasks

ACTIVITY CARD
The microscope has become an important investigative tool in studying
objects and organism around you. Knowing its parts as well as proper
utilization which includes proper handling techniques and care will make your
study of science effective, interesting and more meaningful.

Science Concepts:

Your ability to manipulate a microscope can help you to study microscopic organisms
and see clearly the structure of a specimen, thus, proper use of microscope is necessary.

3
 Take note of the following things:

Usually schools have light compound microscope that uses artificial and natural
light from the sun.

From your previous discussion, you have learned the basic parts and function of a
microscope. In this lesson, you will learn specifically the parts of the microscope that are
manipulated most of the time.

Proper handling of microscope is very important to secure and preserve its functionality
since these are limited to such schools. Grasp the arm on one hand and on the other
support the base of the microscope.

The microscope should be place on a flat surface area like table; 17 cm distance on
the edge of the table for the observer can easily access it.

Why it is necessary for you as student to learn the use of microscope?

-These will increase your scientific literacy; prepare you for science-related activities,
studies and career in the future. Learn the value of perseverance and develop
manipulative skills.

Let’s do this…

TASKS: Option A: Illustrate the manipulative parts of microscope in a separate

paper. Option B: Trace the manipulative parts of microscope shown in the
following figures

TASKS
HOW DOES IT LOOK YOUR
(Examine HOW DOES IT WORK
LIKE ILLUSTRATION
the ffg)

Turning it makes you to

revolving choose the
nosepiece appropriate objective
lens

Look for its concave

side, move it until you
mirror
see a bright circle of
light

4
 Rotate the diaphragm
to the next opening to
diaphragm
control the entry of
light

By grasping the arm of

Inclination
the microscope pull it
joint
towards to you

Rotate this counter or

Coarse
clockwise to move the
adjustment
body tube

Take note: Most of the time the

manipulative parts of the microscope
are through the rotation of either
clockwise or counterclockwise
adjustment.

CLOCKWISE COUNTERCLOCKWISE

TASK #2: Observe the following movement of the manipulative parts of the microscope.

Parts Clockwise Counterclockwise Observation

Revolving
Nosepiece

5
 diaphragm

Coarse
adjustment

Next, after you have learned how to manipulate the microscope, you will now
going to prepare your specimen.

Do you know what a specimen is? Specimen is a sample substance or material

taken and being studied under the microscope to see its structure for biological
and medical purposes.

The noun specimen comes from the Latin word specere, meaning “to look.” Biologists
collect specimens so they can get a better look at something to study it.

This will guide you how to prepare your own improvise specimen

Things to be prepared: colored paper, cardboard, scissors, glue, transparent

plastic

DRY MOUNT SPECIMEN PREPARATION

Task #3 Direction: Study the procedures in column A and B, afterwards you are going to
poste your accomplished improvise specimen.

Procedure How does it look like Your Tasks Your work

Prepare a slide;
Cut the
most microscope
cardboard
slides are flat on
into 1 inch
top and bottom
width and 3
and rectangular in
inches in
shape. It is
height. This will
transparent that
serve as your
allows the light
slide
pass on.

Slice off a thin In a colored

piece of the paper cut a
sample specimen. portion of it of
Use a razor blade 1 cm by 1 cm.
to cut your In order to
specimen material make a
into a thin, sample
translucent slice specimen

6
 Place the sample
specimen on the
Place the strip
slide. Use a pair of
colored paper
forceps to pick up
over the
the thin slice of
cardboard
your sample
specimen.

Using the
Set a cover slip transparent
over the sample plastic, cover
specimen. The the sample.
cover slip prevents The plastic
the sample cover will serve
specimen from as the cover
tumbling off the slip of the
slide sample

Excellent, nice to see your improvise specimen sample.

In the preparation of the actual specimen, laboratory materials are necessary

particularly the glass slide where the specimen is placed. Razor blades,
forceps and cover slip are also used. This specimen preparation is categorized
as dry mount without the use of staining agent.

ENRICHMENT CARD
It is now time to ponder the things you have explored. Perform the following

Arrange the stages of specimen preparation below by putting numbers from 1

- 4 before each procedure.

Sequence Procedures

Slice off a thin piece of the sample specimen.

Prepare the glass slide to be used

Set a cover slip over the sample specimen

Place the sample specimen on the slide

7
 REFLECTION CARD

Answer the following statement in a separate sheet of paper not more than three
sentences.

Why is it necessary to learn how to manipulate the

microscope?

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
What are the important things to remember in slide
preparation?

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ASSESSMENT CARD

Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. It is a sample of a substance or material for examination or study particularly

from plants and animals.
A. Species C. Slides
B. Specimen D. Slip cover
2. The primary tools or materials being used in specimen preparation are the
following except:
A. Glass slides C. Blade
B. Spatula D. Cover slip
3. After the sample specimen is placed over the slide, cover slip is being put up
above the sample. How does cover slip work?
A. Prevents the sample specimen from tumbling off the slide
B. Makes the sample bigger
C. Provides aesthetic effect on the sample slide
D. Supports the specimen from below

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 4. Which of the following best describe the chronological way of specimen
preparation?

I. Slice off a thin piece of the sample specimen.

II. Prepare the glass slide to be used
III. Place the sample specimen on the slide
IV. Set a cover slip over the sample specimen
C. II,III, IV, I C. I, IV, II, III
D. III, II, I, IV D. I, II, III, IV
5. What is the ideal distance of microscope from the edge of a table?
A. 15 cm C. 17 cm
B. 16 cm D. 18 cm

II. Determine the appropriate action in manipulating the parts of the microscope.
Write (C) for clockwise and (CC) counterclockwise movement.

Situation Action
1. You have too much light under your
specimen, so you need to manipulate the
diaphragm in what direction?
2. The body tube is too close with the slide
and it’s about to have a contact on it, how
are you going to rotate the coarse
adjustment
3. Focusing the specimen under the
microscope is necessary in order to
examine it thoroughly. The body tube is too
far from the specimen, what will be the
appropriate action to do?
4. How to switch the objective lens?
5. You need more light to examine the
specimen; the mirror is already in proper
form. What will you do to address this
problem?

REFERENCE CARD
In order to ponder your learning experience in manipulating microscope and
specimen preparation you may visit the link below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKDj1x3iyP4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrX3h-AflZI
https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Microscope-to-Observe-Microorganisms
https://www.wikihow.com/Prepare-Microscope-Slides
For printed copies, browse the Science 7 Learning Material and Exploring Life
though Science 7 Book
Thank you for being a part of this journey. Hope to see you in the next quest for
mystery of Science.

9
 ANSWER CARD
Pre-Assessment
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A

Review
Mechanical Parts
-coarse adjustment, -fine adjustment, -inclination joint, -revolving nose piece

Supporting Parts
-body tube, -base, -stage

Magnifying Parts
-eyepiece, HPO, LPO, OIO

Activity Card 1 (answers depend on the illustration and output of the students)

Activity Card 2: Observation

1. Shifting to different objective lens

2. Result to the opening and closing of the diaphragm
3. Movement of the body tube.

Activity Card 3: Specimen Preparation (Guide) Enrichment Card

Sequence
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 3

Reflection Card Assessment Card

(Answers may vary) I. Multiple Choice
1. Proper manipulation 1. B 2. B 3.A 4. D 5. C
of the microscope
enables students to II. Complete the table
study and 1. CC 2. CC 3. C 4. C/CC 5. C
appreciate
microscopic object
and organism
2. Proper sample
specimen
preparation is
necessary to observe
the specimen
rigorously

10
 TITLE CARD

QUARTER 2: Living things and their Environment

MICROSCOPY:
The unseen world

Subtopics: Focusing the microscope and calculating

magnification

GUIDE CARD
Hi there, it’s me again Bacterio, your friendly microorganism. How
are you today? Good to hear that you are great. Well, at this
point we will continue our journey in exploring the world of
microscopy.

Focusing the microscope properly enables you to analyze the

specimen clearly; hence skill on focusing the magnifying parts of the
microscope is very important. Added to this, the correct
magnification could also give you the opportunity to examine well
the sample specimen at specific extent.

Focus specimens using the compound

LEARNING COMPETENCY microscope

11
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choices. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The circle below represents the field of view of the microscope. The square
represents the plant cell being viewed and the star represents the center. If you
would be asked to bring the image of this specimen to the center, how will you
move the slide?

A. Away from you C. to the right

B. Towards you D. to the left

2. How do you determine the total magnification of the view of the specimen?
A. Multiply the magnification indicated in the eyepiece and objective lens
B. Divide the magnification of objective lens from the eyepiece
C. Add the magnification of the two magnifying parts
D. Subtract the magnification of the eyepiece from the objective lens
3. What is the total magnification of the specimen’s image under the microscope
viewed in the LPO with 40x magnification?
A. 400x C. 40x
B. 200x D. 10x
4. It is the manipulative part of the microscope in order for you to shift from other
objective lens
A. Inclination joint C. Eyepiece
B. Coarse Adjustment D. Revolving Nosepiece
5. Among the images below, which best shows the view under high power
objective (HPO)?

Let us have a short review on what you have

REVIEW learned from the utilization of the microscope
and preparation of specimens.
Important things:
• The proper manipulation of microscope is essential for you to see the specimen
being observed
• One must familiarize the steps in preparing specimen in order for you to examine
and study the sample from a plant or an animal. The specimen should be
handled carefully to carry out its purpose.

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On a separate paper, put in order the following steps in preparing specimen. Use
Roman numeral numbers (I-IV) to indicate their order.

ACTIVITY CARD

Focusing the microscope is an essential skill that you must learn as student; this will give
you an opportunity to examine specimens vigorously. This would be possible thru the
use of the magnifying parts of the microscope, hence manipulation of these parts help
you view the specimen at different extent of magnification.

Science Concepts:

Focusing the microscope

The microscope’s magnifying parts are the eyepiece and objective lens.

Eyepiece is the topmost part of the microscope where the

observer viewed the specimens under the microscope.

It usually has a number and an x mark that indicates it

magnification.

Compound microscope has three objective lens. The

shortest one marked 3x, 4x or 5 x the called the scanner.

The Low Power Objective (LPO) is marked with 10x or 12x while the High Power
Objective (HPO) is marked with 40x, 43x or 60x.

Oil Immersion Objective (OIO) is the longest objective marked 97x or 100x. This
objective is intended to see bacteria, very small protest and fungi.

Your Task # 1: You need to make your own improvise eyepiece and objective lens.

Materials needed: construction paper, pen or marker, plastic cover and scotch tape

How Does It Your Improvise

Magnifying Parts Magnification
Look Like Material

Eyepiece 10x

Objective Lens

-scanner 4x

13
 -LPO 10x

-HPO 40x

-OIO 100x

Procedure: Roll the construction paper, attached both sides and place the plastic
cover on both end of the rolled construction paper (this serves as the lens). Then put
label on each to indicate its magnification. The sizes vary on the type of lens.

In actual setting:

1. You need to put the slide on stage, hold firmly with the stage clips.
2. Watching from the side, carefully lower the body tube
3. Look through the eyepiece. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment until you see the
specimen at LPO
4. Then, shift to HPO, make some adjustment by moving the stage and fine
adjustment

This represents the view of

microscope. The square represents
the specimen and the star serves
as the center of the microscope.

14
View under the microscope:

You need to move the slide

towards you to make the
specimen be placed in the center

In order to focus the specimen properly, you have to look at the eyepiece with your
both eyes open. Simultaneously, managing the specimen below and for clear view,
this can be done thru the manipulation of the coarse adjustment. See illustration

ADJUSTING THE COARSE KNOB

Task #2: Determine how to focus the specimen being viewed under the microscope.

Materials needed: improvise eyepiece, small letter “e” (as your specimen) and
cardboard (as your slide)

Direction: Follow the view of microscope below; afterwards you need to focus your
specimen appropriately. Take a picture of the correct view of the image or illustrate it
if you don’t have a gadget to capture images.

Example: Unfocused View Focused View

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 Unfocused View Focused View (Your
Illustration/Picture)

Note: Microscopes are parfocal, this means the image on the clear focus under the
low power objective, remains focused after shifting the HPO. If the microscope you are
using is not parfocal, slightly turn the final adjustment knob in either direction to get
clear picture

Calculating magnification

The magnification of specimen can be calculated by multiplying the number found in

the eyepiece with the number found the objective being used. So, if a specimen is
viewed using a 10x objective and 10x eyepiece, it will be magnified 100 time/100x.

Tasks #3: Complete the table below by calculating the magnification of specimen.

Eyepiece Objective Lens Total Magnification

10x LPO- 12x 120x

15x LPO- 10x

10x HPO- 40x

15x OIO- 97x

16
 LPO Image and Magnification HPO Image and Magnification

Excellent, you have learned how to calculate the specimen’s image magnification.

It is important to note that you need to examine first the indicated magnification of
the eyepiece and objective lens. Most of the time, their indicated magnification vary.
In the case of objective lens, color code gives you an idea on its magnification.

ENRICHMENT CARD

It is now time to ponder the things you have explored. Perform the following

I. Indicate the best way to do in each slide in order to focus the specimen (square)
being viewed under the microscope. Choose your answer from the box.

A. Move to the right C. Move towards you

B. Move to the left D. Move away from you

1. 3.

2. 4.

II. Calculate the following magnification

1. If a cell being observed has been magnified 200x under a 40x HPO, what is the
magnifying power of the eyepiece used?

Eyepiece Objective Lens Total Magnification

___________ HPO- 40x 200x

2. A student would like to examine the image of the onion skin cells under the
microscope, he choose to use and eyepiece with magnification of 10x and set it
in the HPO with 60 x magnification. What it’s then the total magnification?

17
 REFLECTION CARD
Answer the following statement in a separate sheet of paper not more than three
sentences.

What are the magnifying parts What values you have inculcated in
of the microscope? focusing specimen and calculating
magnification?
______________________________
______________________________ ____________________________________
______________________________ ____________________________________
______________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________

ASSESSMENT CARD
1. In order to focus the specimen under the microscope, the following should be
done except:
A. Check on the magnifying parts like the eyepiece and objective lens

B. Move the slide in order to focus the specimen

C. Start from lower objective to higher objective
D. Rotate the revolving nosepiece first in the highest objective lens
2. The feature of the microscope that have clear focus on LPO, remains when
shifted to HPO?
A. Parfocal C. Magnification
B. Bilocal D. Focus
3. If you would be asked to bring the image of this specimen to the center, how
will you move the slide?
A. Away from you C. to the right
B. Towards you D. to the left

4. Why is it important to properly observe the magnification of the microscope?

A. to examine the specimen appropriately
B. to make the specimen bigger
C. to have a perfect view of the specimen for picture purposes only
D. both a and b

18
5. What is the total magnification of the specimen’s view if the indicated
magnification of the eyepiece is 10x and subjected to LPO with 40x
magnification?
A. 400x C. 200x
B. 40x D. 10x

REFERENCE CARD

In order to ponder your learning experience in focusing specimen under the microscope
and calculating magnification you may visit the link below.

https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Microscope

https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Compound-Microscope#/Image:Use-a-Compound-
Microscope-Step-3-Version-2.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzamomqlwxU

For printed copies, browse the Science 7 Learning Material and Exploring Life
though Science 7 Book

Thank you for being a part of this journey, hope to see you in the next quest
for mystery of Science.

ANSWER CARD

19