CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

Topics are Multiplying (Equation[1] by 5) and (Equation[2]

by 3) to eliminate y
ALGEBRA, RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND
GRAPHS II 25 x  15 y  255 15y and -15y will be
eliminated (becomes 0) by
1. Solving simultaneous linear equations + 9 x  15 y  153 addition

2. Solving simultaneous quadratic 34 x  408 linear equation

equations
3. Completing the square
solving linear equation
4. Speed  time graph
34 x  408  Divide by 34
5. Linear programming
34 x 408
  x  12
34 34
Solving simultaneous linear equations
substituting solution (answer) step 2 in the simplest
Step by step guide to solve simultaneous original equation.
equations:
5 x  3 y  51  x = 12
Multiply every term of one or both of the equations
by some number so that equal terms can be 5(12)  3 y  51
eliminated.
60  3 y  51
solve linear equation remaining 3 y  51  60

Substitute the solution (answer) in the simplest 3y   9  Divide by 3

original equation.
3y 9
  y   3
Examples: 3 3

1. Solve the following x  12 and y   3

(a) 5 x  3 y  51
(b) 2 x  3 y  10 Equation[1]
3 x  5 y  51
5x  2 y  3 Equation[2]
(b) 2 x  3 y  10
5x  2 y  3 Multiplying (Equation[1] by 5) and (Equation[2] by
2) to eliminate x
Solution:
10 x  15 y  50 10x and 10x will be
5 x  3 y  51 eliminated (becomes 0) by
(a) Equation[1]
10 x  4 y  6
 subtraction
3 x  5 y  51 Equation[2]
 11 y  44 linear equation

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 217

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

solving linear equation

 11 y  44  Divide by  11 42 x  54 y  7200 54y and 54y will be

eliminated (becomes 0)
 11 y 44  117 x  54 y  10800 by subtraction
  y  4
 11  11
linear equation
 75 x   3600
Substituting solution (answer) step 2 in the simplest
original equation. Step 2: solving linear equation in step 1;

 75 x   3600  Divide by  75
5x  2 y  3  y=4
 75 x  3600
5 x  2(  4)  3   x  48
 75  75
5x  8  3

5x  3  8 Step 3: substituting solution (answer) step 2 in the simplest

original equation.
5x   5  Divide by 5

5x 5 7 x  9 y  1200  x = 48
  x  1
5 5 336  9 y  1200

9 y  1200  336
x   1 and y   4
9 y  864  Divide by 5

2. At a hardware store 7 chairs and 9 desks 9y 864

  y  96
cost $ 1200; 13 chairs and 6 desks also cost 9 9
$ 1200
x  48 and y  96
(a) Using x to represent the cost of one and y to
represent the cost of desk, write a pair of (b) Hence, the cost of:
simultaneous equations to the information
above. (i) one chair is $ 48

(b) Hence, determine the cost of: (ii) one desk is $ 96

(i) one chair

(ii) one desk

Solution:

(a) 7 x  9 y  1200 Equation[1]

13 x  6 y  1200 Equation[2]

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 218

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

Solving simultaneous quadratic 2 x 2  x  21  0

equations Step 3: Solving the quadratic equation by formula method

Step by step guide 2 x 2  x  21  0

Make a subject in the simplest equation b  b 2  4ac

x 
2a
Substitute the subject in the other equation. A
quadratic equation will be obtained.  ( 1)  ( 1) 2  4( 2)( 21)
=
2( 2)
Solve the quadratic equation
1 1  168
substitute solutions (answers) step 3 in the subject =
equation and solve 4

1 169 1  13
= =
4
Examination Questions Examples 4
1  13 14
x  = = 3.5 or
1. Solve the following 4 4
1  13  12
(a) 2 x 2  y  24 x  = = 3
4 4
x  y  3
Step 4: substituting solutions (answers) step 3 in the
(b) x  y  5
subject
xy  6
y  3 x
(c) x  xy  6
2

y  x  4 For x = 3.5, y  3  3.5 =  0.5

3 p  2r  7 For x = 3, y  3  3 = 0
(d)
p  2r  11
2

x  3.5 and y   0.5 or

x  3 and y  0
Solution:

(a) 2 x 2  y  24 Equation[1] (b) x  y  5 Equation[1]

x  y  3 Equation[2] xy  6 Equation[2]

Making y the subject in Equation[2] Making y the subject in Equation[1]

x  y  3  y  3 x x  y  5  y  5  x

Substituting the subject in the Equation[1] and

solving

2 x 2  y  24  substitute (3  x) for y

2 x 2  (3  x )  24

2 x 2  x  3  24  0

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 219

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

Substituting the subject in the Equation[2] and x 2  x ( x  4)  6

solving
x 2  x 2  4x  6  0
xy  6  substitute (5  x) for y 2 x 2  4 x  6  0  dividing by 2
x (5  x )  6
x 2  2x  3  0
5x  x 2  6

x 2  5x  6  0 b  b 2  4ac
x 
2a
Solving the quadratic equation by formula method
 ( 2)  ( 2) 2  4(1)(3)
=
2(1)
x 2  5x  6  0
2  4  12
b  b 2  4ac =
x  2
2a
 2  16 2  4
 ( 5)  ( 5) 2  4(1)(6) = =
= 2 2
2(1)
2  4 2
x  = = 1 or
5 25  24 2 2
=
2
2  4 6
x  = = 3
5  1 5 1 2 2
= =
2 2
y  x  4
5 1 6
x  = = 3 or
2 2 y  1 4
For x = 1, = 5
5 1 4
x  = = 2 y  3  4
2 2 For x =  3, = 1

substituting solutions (answers) step 3 in the subject Answer  x  1 and y  5 or

y  5  x x   3 and y  1

For x = 3, y  5  3 = 2

For x = 2, y  5  2 = 3

x  3 and y  2 or
x  2 and y  3

(c) x 2  xy  6 Equation[1]
y  x  4 Equation[2]

y  x  4

x 2  xy  6  substitute (x + 4) for y

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 220

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(d) 3 p  2r  7 Equation[1]

p 2  2r  11 Equation[2]
Step 1: Calculate h and k using the following
b
3 p  2r  7 2r and -2r will be formulae h  and
eliminated (becomes 0) by 2a
+ p 2  2r  11 addition 4ac  b 2
k ;
4a
p 2  3 p  18 quadratic equation

Step 2: Write answer in the form a ( x  h) 2  k ,

p 2
 3 p  18  0
where a, h and k are real numbers.
b  b 2  4ac
p  1. Express 2 x 2  4 x  7 in the form
2a
a ( x  h) 2  k , where a, h and k are real
 (3)  (3) 2  4(1)(18)
= numbers.
2(1)

3  9  72 (a) Using your answer from above, or otherwise,

=
2 calculate:

3  81 3  9
= = (i) the minimum value of 2 x 2  4 x  7
2 2
3  9 6 (ii) the value of x for which the minimum
p  = = 3 or
2 2 occurs.
3  9  12
p  = = 6
2 2 (b) Sketch the graph of y = 2 x 2  4 x  7 ,
clearly showing

3 p  2r  7 (i) the coordinates of the minimum point

For p = 1, 3(3)  2r  7 (ii) the value of the y-intercept

2r  7  9
(iii) the values of x where the graph cuts the
2r   2 x-axes
r  1

For p =  6, 3( 6)  2r  7 Solutions:

 18  2r  7
1. 2x 2  4x  7 = a ( x  h) 2  k
2r  25

r  12.5 Calculating h and k using the following formulae;

b 4ac  b 2
p  1 and r   1 or h and k ;
2a 4a
p   6 and r  12.5 From 2 x 2  4 x  7

a  2, b  4, c  7 ;
Examples: Completing the square
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 221
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

4
h  = 1
2 2 (c) the value of x at which f (x ) is a minimum.
4  2  (7)  4 2  56  16
k = = Solutions:
4 2 8
expressing f ( x)   3 x  2 x  6 in the
2
72 2.
=  = 9
8 form f ( x )  a ( x  h) 2  k
 2 x 2  4 x  7 = 2 x  1  9
2

For the f(x) above a  3, b  2, c  6

Ans.

(a) (i) The minimum value of 2 x  4 x  7

2 Calculating h and k;
b 2 1
y min  k =  9 Ans. h  = = 
2a 2  ( 3) 3

(ii) The value of x for which the minimum 4ac  b 2

k  =
occurs is; 4a
b
x min   =  1 Ans.
2a 4( 3)(6)  ( 2) 2
4( 3)
(b)  72  4  76 19
= = =
 12  12 3

2
19  1
 f ( x)   3 x   ans.
3  3

(a) the value of x at which the graph cuts the x-axis is

the solution of the equation represented by
f ( x)   3 x 2  2 x  6

 f ( x)   3 x 2  2 x  6 = 0

Using the quadratic equation formula;

b  b2  4 a c
2. Express the function x =
2a
f ( x)   3 x 2  2 x  6 in the form
a ( x  h) 2  k . 2  ( 2) 2  4 ( 3) ( 6)
=
2 ( 3)
Hence, or otherwise, determine
2  4  72
=
4
(a) the values of x at which the graph cuts the
x-axis 2   68
=
4
(b) the minimum value of f (x)
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 222
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

 68  no real solution ans.

Calculating h and k;
(b) the minimum value of f (x ) is b 9 1
h = = 
19 2a 2 9 2
y MIN  k =
3

(c) The minimum value of x at which f (x ) is 4ac  b 2 4  9  1  ( 9) 2

k  =
minimum 4a 49
36  81  45 5
b  1 1 = = = 
  36 36 4
x MIN
2a
=    = Ans.
 3 3
2
 1 5
 g ( x)  9  x    Ans.
 2 4
3. Given g ( x)  9 x 2  9 x  1 , write g(x)
in the form a ( x  h) 2  k where a , b and
(a) g ( x)  0
c .

(a) Solve the equation g(x) = 0, writing your b b 2  4ac

x
answer(s) correct to 2 decimal places. 2a

(b) A sketch of the graph of g(x) is shown  ( 9 )  (9) 2  4(9)(1)

x 
below. 29
9 81  36 9  45
 
18 18
9  6.71 15.71
x  = = 0.73
18 18
or
9  6.71 2.29
Copy the sketch and state x  = = 0.13
18 18

(i) the y-coordinate of A

(ii) the x-coordinate of C

(iii) the x and y-coordinates of B.

Solutions:

3. g ( x)  9 x 2  9 x  1 in the form
a ( x  h) 2  k

For the g(x) above a  9, b  9, c  1

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 223

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(b) 4  4  3  42 48  16
c = =
44 16

32
= = 2
16

2
 1
 h( x )  4  x    2 Ans.
 2

(b) the equation of the axis of symmetry;

1
x =  Ans.
2

4. Given h( x)  4 x 2  4 x  3
(c) The coordinates of the minimum point
(a) Write h (x) in the form a ( x  b) 2  c 1
(x, y) = ( , 2) Ans.
where a, b and c   2

(b) state the equation of the axis of symmetry (d) sketching the graph of h(x) on the graph of h(x)
show clearly:
(c) state the coordinates of the minimum point
(i) the minimum point

(d) sketch the graph of h(x) on the graph of h

(ii) the axis of symmetry.
(x) show clearly

(i) the minimum point

(ii) the axis of symmetry.

Solutions:

h( x )  4 x 2  4 x  3
a  4, b  4, c  3

(a) h( x )  4 x 2  4 x  3 in the form

a ( x  b) 2  c

Calculating h and k;
4 1
b = 2 4
=
2

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 224

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

5. Express f ( x)  1  4 x  2 x 2 f (x) in  20 5
= =
the form q  a( x  p ) 2 where a, p and q 8 2

are
5
 2  x  1 Ans.
2
 f ( x) 
state: 2

(a) the maximum value of f (x) 5

(a) the maximum value of f (x) = q = Ans.
2
(b) equation of the axis of symmetry
(b) equation of the axis of symmetry: x = 1 Ans.
(c) the value of f (x) of the maximum point
(c) the value of f (x) of the maximum point x = 1
(d) the values of x for which f (x) = 0
(d) when f(x) = 0;
(e) sketch the graph of f (x). On the graph of f  ( 4)  ( 4) 2  4( 2)(1)
(x) show clearly x 
2( 2)

(i) the maximum point 4  16  8


4
(ii) the axis of symmetry 4  4 .9
4  24
 
4 4
(iii) the solutions of f (x) = 0
4  4.9 8.9
x  = ≈  2.2
4 4
Solutions:
or
a  2, b   4, c  1 9  6.71 2.29
x  = ≈ 0.2
18 18
f ( x)  1  4 x  2 x 2 in the form x = 2.2 or x = 0.2
q  a( x  p) 2
(d) sketching the graph of h(x) on the graph of h(x)
show clearly:
a  2, b   4, c  1
(i) the maximum point
Calculating h and k;
4 (ii) the axis of symmetry.
p = = 1
2 ( 2)

4  ( 2)  1  ( 4) 2
q = =
4  (2)

 4  16
8

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 225

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

Solutions:

(a) speed-time graph for the journey.

= 0  x = 2.2 or x = 0.2
when f(x)
Examples: Speed  time graph

1. A bus travels at a constant speed of 30 m/s

for 40 seconds. It then slows down at a (b) the rate at which the bus was slowing down during
constant rate until it comes to rest after a the last 20 seconds
further 20 seconds,
30  0
= = 1.5 m/s2 ans.
(a) On the axes below draw the speed- 20
time graph for the journey.
(c) Calculating:

(i) the total distance travelled by the bus

= the area under the graph

= area of trapezium
1
=  40  60   30 = 1500 ans.
2

(ii) the distance covered in the last 10 seconds

= area of triangle
(b) Calculate the rate at which the bus was
slowing down during the last 20 seconds. 1
= 10 15 = 75 ans.
2
(c) Calculate:
(iii) the distance travelled by the bus during the
first 50 seconds
(i) the total distance travelled by the
bus = 1500  75 = 1425 ans.
(ii) the distance covered in the last 10
seconds

(iii) the distance travelled by the bus

during the first 50 seconds

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 226

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 227

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

2. The diagram shows the speed-time graph = the area under the graph
for the first 20 seconds of a cyclist's = area of trapezium
journey.
1
= 10  20   8
2
= 120 ans.

(b) on the axes below, draw the distancetime

graph for this part of the journey.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the distance covered in the first 10

seconds

(ii) the total distance travelled in 20

seconds

(b) on the axes below, draw the distancetime 3. The distance-time graph below describes
graph for this part of the journey. the journey of a train between two train
stations, A and B.

Solutions:

(a) Calculating:

(i) the distance travelled in the first 10

seconds (a) For how many seconds was the train at rest
at B?
= area of triangle
1 (b) Determine the average speed of the train on
= 10   8 = 40 ans. its journey from A to B, in
2
(ii) the total distance travelled by the bus
(i) km/h
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 228
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(ii) m/s, to the nearest whole number.

50 km
The train continued its journey away from = 90 km / hr =
stations A and B to another station C, which
is 50 km from B. The average speed on this 50 km
1 hr
journey was 90 km/h. 90 km

50 km
(c) Calculate the time, to the nearest whole = 90 km  60 min
number, in minutes, taken for the train to
travel from B to C. = 0.56  60 min

(d) On the axes below, draw the line segment = 33.6

which describes the journey of the train ≈ 34 mins ans.
from B to C.

(d) the line segment which describes the journey of the

Solution: train from B to C.

(a) time at rest at B = 80 min  80 min

= 20 min
= 120 seconds ans.

(b) average speed from A to B

distance travelled
= time taken

155 km 155 km
= 60 min = 1 hr

= 155 km/hr ans.

(i) in km/h = 155 km/hr ans.

1551000 m
(ii) in m/s = 3600 s Examples: Linear programming

= 41.67 m/s 1. Mr. John makes x cakes and y pies each

= 42 m/s to the nearest whole day. In order to supply his customers, he
number. does the following:

(c) the time, in minutes, from B to C He must make AT LEAST 2 cakes each
day.
distance travelled
average speed = time taken (a) Write an inequality to represent the
distance travelled information
time taken = average speed

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 229

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

He must NOT make FEWER than 3 pies

each day  6 x  10 y  72 Ans.

(b) Write an inequality to represent this (d) graph

information.

He has NO MORE than $ 72 to make the

cakes and the pies. Each cake costs $ 6 to
make and each pie costs $ 10 to make.

(c) Write an inequality to represent this

information.

(d) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on

both axes, draw the graphs of the
inequalities in 1 (a), (b) and (c).

(e) Write the coordinates of the vertices of the

(e) the coordinates of the vertices in, (x, y), are:
region that satisfies ALL THREE
inequalities. (x, y)  (2, 3), (2, 6) and (7, 3) Ans.

Mr. John makes a profit of $ 8 on each cake (f) TOTAL profit :

and $ 12 on each pie.
P = 8 x  12 y Ans.
(f) Write an expression in x and y for the
TOTAL profit, P. (g) maximum profit :

substituting the point in the expression for the profit:

(g) How many cakes and pies must be made in
order to obtain the maximum profit? for (2, 3)  P = 8 (2)  12 (3) =
52
(h) Calculate the maximum profit. for (2, 6)  P = 8 (2)  12 (6) =
88

Solution: for (7, 3)  P = 8 (7)  12 (3) =

92
1.
 maximum profit = $ 92.00
(a) AT LEAST 2 cakes  x  2 Ans.

(b) NOT make FEWER than 3 pies 2. Mrs. Singh owns a clothing store. She buys
 y  3 Ans. x dresses and y shirts from a factory at
wholesale prices.
(c) Each cake costs $ 6 to make and each pie costs $ 10
to make NO MORE than $ 72

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 230

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(a) For a wholesale purchase, she must

buy AT LEAST 15 dresses and AT
LEAST 20 shirts.

Write TWO inequalities to represent

this information.

(b) Mrs. Singh has $ 2 400 to spend on the

dresses and shirts. Each dress costs $40 and
each shirt costs $ 30.

Write an inequality to represent this

information.

(c) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 5 units

on each axis, draw a graph of the THREE
inequalities and label the region, R, which
satisfies ALL of the inequalities.

(d) Mrs. Singh sells the dresses and shirts in her

store. She makes a profit of $ 25 on each (d) (i) P = 25 x  6 y Ans.
dress and $ 6 on each shirt.
(ii) The vertices of all three intersection are:

(i) Write an expression for the profit, P. (15, 20), (15, 60) and (45, 20)

(ii) Determine the number of dresses (45, 20)  45 dresses and 20

and shirts that Mrs. Singh should shirts.
buy to make the maximum profit.
(iii) maximum profit :
(iii) Calculate the maximum profit.
substituting the point in the expression for
the profit:
Solution:

(a) AT LEAST 15 dresses  x  15 and for 45, 20)  P =

25 ( 45)  6 ( 20)
AT LEAST 20 shirts  y  20 = 1245.00

 maximum profit = $ 1245.00

(b) $ 2 400 to spend. Each dress costs $ 40 and each
shirt costs $30

 40 x  30 y  2400

(c) graph

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 231

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(d) y  4 x  27
Examination Questions (to do)
x y  x  40
Attempt ALL questions.
(e) 8x 2  3 y 2 = 50
All working must be clearly shown.
2x  y = 5
ALGEBRA II
(f) y  2 = 2 x 2  3x
1. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, 5y = 18 x  36
AKML and ASJT are both rectangles.
(g) x 1 = 2y
x  y
2
= 4

3. By simplifying, show that

( 2 x  3) ( 2 x  3)  ( x  3) 2 
3x 2
 8 x  25

Given that AS = 3x cm, AJ = 2x cm, SK = 3

cm and JM = 5cm

(a) Obtain an expression, in terms of x, for the

area of rectangle AKLM.

(b) Given that the area of rectangle AKLM is

60 cm², show that 2 x 2  7 x  15 = 0

(c) Hence, calculate the value of x and state the

length of AK and AM.

2. Solve the pair of simultaneous equations:

(a) x2  4  y

x  y  2

(b) y  x  2

y  x2

(c) 3 p  2r  7

p 2  2 r  11

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 232

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

COMPLETING THE SQUARE (c) Find the value of x for which

5x 2  2x  7  0 .
1.
(d) Sketch the graph of y  5 x 2  2 x  7 , clearly
(a) Express 3 x2  2 x  1 in the form
showing:
3 ( x  p )  q , where p and q are real
2

numbers. State the values of p and q. (i) the coordinates of the minimum
point
(b) Hence, determine for
f ( x)  3 x 2  2 x  1 , (ii) the value of the y-intercept

(i) the minimum value (iii) the points where the graph cuts the
x-axis
(ii) the value of x for which f(x) is a
minimum. 4.

2. (a) Write 3 x 2  8 x  25 in the form

a ( x  h) 2  k where a, h and k are real
(a) Write f ( x)  2 x 2  4 x  13 in the
numbers.
form f ( x)  a ( x  b) 2  c , where a, b
and c are constants. (b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the
minimum value of 3 x 2  8 x  25
(b) State
(c) Solve the equation 3 x 2  8 x  25 = 0
(i) the minimum value of f(x)
giving your answer correct to one decimal
place.
(ii) the value of x for which the
minimum occurs
5. Given f ( x)  3 x 2  12 x  5
3.
(a) Write f (x) in the form f (x) = a( x  b) 2  c
(a) Write 5 x  2 x  7 in the form
2
where a, b , c are constants.
a ( x  b) 2  c , where a, b and c are real
numbers. (b) Hence determine for
f ( x )  3 x 2  12 x  5
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine
(i) the minimum value of f (x)
(i) the minimum value of the function (ii) the minimum point on its graph.
y  5x 2  2 x  7
(ii) the value of x at which the minimum
occurs

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 233

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

6. (d) Solve the equation 4 x 2  9 x  1 giving

your answer to two decimal points.
(a) Write the expression 9 x 2  9 x  1 in the
form a( x  b) 2  c , where a, b and c are 8.
real numbers.
(a) Write the expression 4 x 2  9 x  1 in the
(b) Hence state whether the function form a( x  h) 2  k , where a, h and k are
y  9 x 2  9 x  1 has a minimum or real numbers.
maximum value.
(b) State whether the function
(c) State the value of x at which this minimum f ( x)  4 x 2  9 x  1 has a maximum or
or maximum value occurs minimum value.

6. Express 4 x 2  12 x  3 in the form (c) Write down the value of x at which the
a ( x  b) 2  c , where a, b and c are real maximum or minimum occurs.
numbers.
(d) Solve the equation 4 x 2  9 x  1 giving
Using your answer above, or otherwise, your answer to two decimal points.
calculate
9.
(a) the minimum value of 4 x 2  12 x  3
(a) Express 2 x 2  3 x  1 in the form
(b) the value of x at which the minimum occurs
2 ( x  p ) 2  q and state the values of p and
(c) the value of x for which 4 x 2  12 x  3  0 q.
expressing your answer to 3 significant
figures. (b) Hence, determine for
f ( x )  2 x 2  3 x  1 the minimum value
7. of f (x)

(a) Write the expression 4 x 2  9 x  1 in the (c) the value of x for which f (x) is a
form a( x  h) 2  k , where a, h and k are minimum.
real numbers.

(b) State whether the function

f ( x)  4 x 2  9 x  1 has a maximum or
minimum value.

(c) Write down the value of x at which the

maximum or minimum occurs.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 234

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
(i) the time at which the cyclist meets
1. Calculate the value of y for which the athlete
5 y 2  13 y  6  0
(ii) the distance from the park to where
2. Calculate the set of values of x for which the cyclist and the athlete meet
x 2  6x  5  2 .
2.

GRAPHS (a) The speed – time graph below shows the

movement of a cyclist.
Speed-time graphs

1. The graph below represents the journey of

an athlete running from the training camp to
the park -and back to the camp.

Using the graph, calculate

(a) the acceleration of the cyclist during the

first 15 seconds

(b) the distance traveled by the cyclist between

(a) Using the graph, determine the period t = 15 and t = 35 seconds

(i) the time at which the athlete left the

3. The distance-time graph below shows the
training camp
journey of a van and of a jeep. At 8.00 a.m.
(ii) the distance from the camp to the
The van left Town A and travelled to Town
park
B. Later, the jeep left Town B and travelled
(iii) the length of time he spent at the along the same road, but in opposite
park direction to Town A.

(iv) the speed of the athlete on his way

to the park, in km/h

(b) A cyclist leaves the camp at 6:00 hrs and

rides to the park at 10 km/h. Determine
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 235
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(ii) the car's acceleration in the first 5

seconds

(iii) the distance travelled in the 15

seconds

(iv) the average speed for the 15

seconds.

5. A minibus leaves town, X, at 09.00 hours to

go to town, Y, at the constant rate of 60
km/h. At 09.30 hours, a car leaves Y to go
to X, travelling at the constant rate of 90
Using the graph, determine EACH of the
km/hour. The distance between X and Y is
following for the jeep:
210 km.
(a) The time it left Town B (b) Using graph paper and taking 1 cm to
represent 15 km on the distance axis and 1
(b) The time it arrived at Town A cm to represent 30 minutes on the time axis,
draw the distance-time graph showing the
(c) The time at which it first stopped journeys of the minibus and the car.

(d) The distance travelled before it first stopped (c) From your graph, determine

(e) The average speed before the first stop (i) the distance from X when the
vehicles meet.
(f) The average speed after the first first stop
(ii) the time when they meet.
4. A car starts from rest and accelerates for 5
seconds to a point, P, reaching a velocity of 6. A motorist starting from rest accelerates
30 m/s. It maintains this velocity for 10 uniformly to a speed of 50 km/h in 30
seconds. minutes. He continues at this speed for
another 2 hours. He then accelerates
(a) Using 1 cm to represent 2 seconds on the uniformly for another 90 minutes until he
time axis and 1 cm to represent 5 metres/ reaches a speed of 80 km/h
sec. on the velocity axis, draw the velocity-
time graph for this part of the car's journey. (a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 hour on
the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 10
(b) Using your graph, calculate: km h_1 on the vertical axis, draw a
velocity-time graph to show the journey of
(i) the velocity of the car after 2 the motorist.
seconds
(b) Using the graph, determine:

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 236

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(i) the acceleration, in km/h² during

the last 90 minutes. (b) the acceleration, in km/h², during the last 90
minutes
(ii) the distance travelled in the first two
and a half hours. (c) the distance travelled in the first two and a
half hours.
7. The graph below represents the 5-hour
journey of an athlete.
Cartesian graph

1.

(a) An athlete runs on a track so that his

distance, d metres, from the starting point
after t seconds is as shown in the table
below.

Time
0 2 4 6 8 10
(seconds), t
Distance
(a) what is the average speed during the first 2 0 14 40 74 94 100
(metres), d
hours?
(a) (i) Using a horizontal scale of 1 cm to
(b) what did the athlete do between 2 and 3 represent 1 second and a vertical
hours after the start of the journey? scale of 1 cm to represent l0 metres,
construct a distance-time graph to
(c) what was the average speed on the return show the motion of the athlete.
journey?
(ii) Draw a smooth curve through all the
plotted points.
8. A motorist starting from rest accelerates
uniformly to a speed of 50 km/h in 30
(b) Use your graph to estimate
minutes. He continues at this speed for
another 2 hours. He then accelerates (i) the distance travelled by the athlete
uniformly for another 90 minutes until he after 3 seconds
reaches a speed of 80 km/h.
(ii) the average speed of the athlete
(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 hour on during the interval t = 6 seconds to
the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 10 t = 8 seconds
km/ h on the vertical axis, draw a velocity-
time graph to show the journey of the (iii) the speed of the athlete 6 seconds
motorist. after leaving the starting point.

Using the graph, determine:

2.
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 237
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(c) On the graph, draw the axis of symmetry

(a) Copy and complete the table below for the for f (x) , and sate the value of x where this
function f ( x)   x 2  3x  2 occurs.

x -1 0 1 2 3 4 (d) From the graph, obtain estimates for:

f(x) -6 0 -6
(i) the value of x for which f (x) = 0
(b) Using 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis, (ii) the set of values of x for which
and 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the y-axis, f ( x)  0
draw the graph of the function
f ( x)   x 2  3x  2 for  1  x  4 (ii) the least value which f (x) can
take.
(c) Using the graph, determine:

(i) The maximum value of f (x) LINEAR PROGRAMMING

(ii) The value of x for which f (x) is 1. Mr. John makes x cakes and y pies each
maximum day. In order to supply his customers, he
does the following:
(iii) The value of x for which f ( x)  0
(a) He must make AT LEAST 2 cakes each
(d) (i) Using the same scale and the same day.
axis, draw the line, g ( x)  3
Write an inequality to represent the
(ii) Use the graphs of information
f ( x)   x 2  3x  2 and
(b) He must NOT make FEWER than 3 pies
g ( x )  3 to find the roots of the each day
equation  x 2  3 x  2  0
Write an inequality to represent this
3. Given that f ( x)  2 x  2 x  12
information.

(a) Copy and complete the table below.

(c) He has NO MORE than $ 72 to make the
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 cakes and the pies. Each cake costs $ 6 to
make and each pie costs $ 10 to make.
f(x) 3 -1 11 23
Write an inequality to represent this
(b) Using 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis, information.
and 1 cm to represent 5 units on the y-axis,
draw the graph of the function (d) (i) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent
f ( x)  2 x  2 x  1 for  3  x  2
2
1 unit on both axes, draw the graphs
of the inequalities in (a), (b) and (c).

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 238

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(ii) Write the coordinates of the vertices (ii) Determine the number of dresses
of the region that satisfies ALL and shirts that Mrs. Singh should
THREE inequalities. buy to make the maximum profit.

(e) Mr. John makes a profit of $ 8 on each cake (iii) Calculate the maximum profit.
and $ 12 on each pie.
3. A vendor buys x kg of peanuts and y kg of
(i) Write an expression in x and y for
cashew nuts.
the TOTAL profit, P.
(a) To get a good bargain, she must buy a
(ii) How many cakes and pies must be
minimum of 10 kg of peanuts and a
made in order to obtain the
minimum of 5 kg of cashew nuts. Write
maximum profit?
TWO inequalities which satisfy these
conditions.
(iii) Calculate the maximum profit.
(b) She buys no more than 60 kg of nuts.
2. Mrs. Singh owns a clothing store. She buys Peanuts cost $ 4.00 per kg and cashew nuts
x dresses and y shirts from a factory at cost $ 8.00 per kg and she spends at least $
wholesale prices. 200. Write TWO inequalities which satisfy
these conditions.
(a) For a wholesale purchase, she must buy AT
LEAST 15 dresses and AT LEAST 20 (c) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 10 kg on
shirts. Write TWO inequalities to represent each axis, draw the graph of the FOUR
this information. inequalities in (a) and (b).

(b) Mrs. Singh has $ 2 400 to spend on the On your graph, shade ONLY the region
dresses and shirts. Each dress costs $ 40 which satisfies all four inequalities.
and each shirt costs $ 30. Write an
inequality to represent this information (d) The profit on the sale of 1 kg of peanuts is $
2.00 and on 1 kg of cashew nuts is $ 5.00.
(c) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 5 units
on each axis, draw a graph of the THREE (i) Using your graph, determine the
inequalities and label the region, R, which number of kilograms of each type of
satisfies ALL of the inequalities. nut the vendor must sell in order to
make the maximum profit.
(d) Mrs. Singh sells the dresses and shirts in her
store. She makes a profit of $ 25 on each (ii) Calculate the maximum profit.
dress and $ 6 on each shirt.

(i) Write an expression for the profit,

P.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 239

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

4. Miss James buys x calculators and y folders

to sell at a school.

(a) She must buy at least 5 calculators. Write

an inequality to represent this information.

(b) The number of folders she buys must be at

least twice the number of calculators. Write
an inequality to represent this information.

(c) A calculator costs $20 and a folder costs $5. (a) write the equation of the line HK.
Miss James must spend no more than $300.
Write an inequality to represent this (b) write the set of three inequalities which
information. define the shaded region GHK

(d) (i) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent

5 calculators on the x-axis and 2 cm 6. A firm uses a combination of large and
to represent 10 folders on the y-axis, small boxes to package the items it
draw the graphs of the lines produces.
associated with the inequalities at
Large boxes can hold 8 items. Small boxes
(a), (b) and (c) above.
can hold 3 items.
The firm wishes to package 84 or less items
(ii) Identify, by shading, the region using no more than 18 boxes.
which satisfies all three inequalities.
Let L represent the number of large boxes
(e) The profit on each calculator is $ 6 and on used and S, the number of small boxes used.
each folder is $ 2. Write an expression in x
and y for the total profit, P. (a) Write down two inequalities, other than L >
0 and S > 0 to represent the information
(f) Using your graph above.

(i) Write down the coordinates of the (b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 5 units
vertices of the shaded region. on both axes, draw the graphs to represent
the inequalities in (a) above and shade the
(ii) Calculate the maximum profit UNWANTED region.

(c) A profit of $32 is made on a large box and

5. The diagram below shows a triangle region $8 on a small box. Write down an
1 expression to represent the total profit made
bounded by the lines y  x5,
6 on the boxes.
5
y x  5 and the line HK.
8 (d) From your graph, determine the number of
large boxes, L, and the number of small

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 240

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

boxes, S, which will yield the maximum 8. A company is required to make x sockets
profit. and y switches in a day.

(e) Calculate the maximum profit. (a) The number of sockets made daily must be
at least 50. Write an inequality to represent
7. A boy wants to buy x ties and y shirts. this information

(a) He must buy at least 2 but no more than 6 (b) The number of switches made must be more
ties. Write an inequality to represent this than 120. Write an inequality to represent
information. this information.

(b) He must buy at least one shirt. Write an (c) Each socket is made from 6 components
inequality to represent this information. and each switch is made from 7
components. There are 4200 components
(c) The boy has $ 196 to buy ties and shirts. A available. Write an inequality to represent
tie costs $ 14 and a shirt costs $ 28. Write this information.
an inequality to represent this information.
(d) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 50 units
(d) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on on each axis, draw a graph and label as S the
both axes, draw the graphs of the region which satisfies the four inequalities.
inequalities written in (a), (b) and (c) above.
Shade the region that satisfies these (e) The company makes a profit of $ 4 on each
inequalities. socket and $ 5 on each switch. Write an
expression for the profit, P.
(e) The boy sells the shirts and ties to make a (f) Use your graph to determine the number of
profit of $ 5 on each tie and $ 8 on each sockets and switches that must be made in a
shirt. day to obtain maximum profit.

(i) Write an expression to represent his (g) Calculate this maximum profit.
total profit, P.
9. A school buys x balls and y bats.
(ii) Use your graph to determine the
number of shirts and ties that he (a) The total number of balls and bats is no
must buy to obtain the maximum more than 30. Write an inequality to
profit. represent this information.

(iii) Calculate the maximum profit. (b) The school budget allows no more than $
360 to be spent on balls and bats. The cost
of a ball is $ 6 and the cost of a bat is $ 24.
Write an inequality to represent this
information.

(c) (i) Using a scale of 2 cm on the x-axis

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 241
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

to represent 10 balls and 2 cm on the

y-axis to represent 5 bats, draw the
graphs of the lines associated with
the inequalities at (a) and (b) above.

(ii) Shade the region which satisfies the

two inequalities at (a) and (b) and
the inequalities x  0 and y  0.

(iii) Use your graph to write the

coordinates of the vertices of the
shaded region. (a) State, using arguments based on the
graph, whether the cricket club can have as
(d) The balls and bats are sold to students. The
members
school makes a profit of $ 1 on each ball
and $ 3 on each bat. The equation (i) 10 boys and 5 girls
P = x + 3y represents the total profit that
may be collected from the sale of these (ii) 6 boys and 6 girls
items.
(b) Write down the set of THREE inequalities
(i) Use the coordinates of the vertices that define the shaded region.
given at (c) (iii) above to determine
the profit for each of those (c) A company sells uniforms for the club and
combinations. makes a profit of $3.00 on a boy's uniform
and $5.00 on a girl's uniform. Write an
(ii) Hence, state the maximum profit expression in x and y that represents the
that may be made total profit made by the company on the
sale of uniforms.
10. The shaded area in the diagram below
(d) Calculate the minimum profit the company
shows the solution of a set of inequalities in
can make
x and y. The variable x represents the
number of boys in a cricket club and y
represents the number of girls in the cricket 11. A boy wants to buy x ties and y shirts.
club.
(a) He must buy at least 2 but no more than 6
Use the graph below to answer the ties. Write an inequality to represent this
questions which follow. information.

(b) He must buy at least one shirt. Write an

inequality to represent this information.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 242

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Algebra, Relations, Functions & Graphs

(c) The boy has $ 196 to buy ties and shirts. A (d) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent one acre
tie costs $ 14 and a shirt costs $ 28. Write at each axis, draw graphs of the inequalities
an inequality to represent this information. you have written in (a), (b) and (c) above.

(d) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on

both axes, draw the graphs of the (e) By shading UNWANTED region, label as S
inequalities written in (a), (b) and (c) above. the region which satisfies all four
Shade the region that satisfies these inequalities.
inequalities.
(f) The farmer makes a profit of $ 75 on each
(e) The boy sells the shirts and ties to make a acre of peas and $ 50 on each acre of
profit of $5 on each tie and $8 on each shirt. tomatoes.
Write an expression to represent his total
profit, P (i) Write an expression in x and y for
the total profit, P, which may be
(f) Use your graph to determine the number of earned on peas and the tomatoes
shirts and ties that he must buy to obtain the
maximum profit. (ii) Use the graph to determine the
number of acres of peas and
(g) Calculate the maximum profit. tomatoes the farmer should plant in
order to make the maximum profit.

(iii) State the maximum profit.

12.

(a) A farmer grows x acres of peas and y acres

of tomatoes. He has 12 acres available to
plant peas and tomatoes. Write an
inequality in x and y to represent this
condition.

(b) The farmer must plant at least 2 acres of

peas and at least 3 acres of tomatoes. Write
TWO inequalities to satisfy these
conditions.

(c) The number of acres of tomatoes planted

must NOT be more than twice the number
of acres of peas. Write an inequality in x
and y to represent this condition.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 243