MATH 8

NAME: ______________________________________ YR & SEC: ______________________________

Competencies:
The learner finds the domain and range of a function (M8AL-IId-1), and graphs and illustrates a linear function and its
(a) domain; (b) range; (c) table of values; (d) intercepts; and (e) slope. (M8AL-IId-2)

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master on how to determine the inverse, converse and contrapositive of an if-
then statement.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. write the domain and range of a function;

2. identify a linear function;
3. write the domain and range of a linear function; and
4. graph a linear function using its (a) table of values (b) intercepts and (c) slopes.

Pre-test

Answer the following questions as honestly as possible.

1. What is the range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 2?
a. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ} c. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∉ ℜ}
b. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ, 𝑦 ≠ 5} d. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ, 𝑦 ≠ −2}

2. What is the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥

a. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ} c. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∉ ℜ}
b. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ, 𝑥 ≠ 3} d. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∉ ℜ, 𝑥 ≠ 3}
3. What is the value of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 6 if 𝑥 = −3?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 15 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = −15
4. What is the x – intercept of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 6?
1 1
a. 3 b. -3 c. 3 d. -3
5. In the function f(x) = 5x + 2, from (0, 2) what is the direction of the next point?
a. 5 units up and 1 unit to the left c. 5 units up and 1 unit to the right
b. 5 units to the left and 1 unit up d. 5 units to the right 1 unit up

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 1 | 10

LOOKING BACK

Last quarter, you studied about linear equations. One of the forms of linear equation is called
the slope intercept form, y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

The equation for the line on the left is y = 2x + 1. The slope is 2 and the y-intercept is 3.

You also studied about how to differentiate a function

from a mere relation. A function is a relation in
which the value of x corresponds to a unique value of
y. All functions are relations but not all relations are
functions. We can also check if a graph is a function
using the vertical line test.

You also studied function notation(x) being the output and x as the input.
For this week, you are going to study a specific kind of function which is
already familiar to you. It is called Linear Function

You also have studied about relations and the different ways to illustrate it. It can be:

1. set of ordered pairs: {(-1,0), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)}

2. Table: 3. Mapping
x -1 0 1 2
y 0 1 2 3 -1 3

4. Graph: 0 4

1 5

2 6

5. Rule: y = x +1

INTRODUCTION

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A FUNCTION

The domain of the function is the set of all permissible values of x that give real values for y. Similarly, the range of
the function is the set of permissible values for y or f(x) that give the values of x real numbers.

Examples

Find the domain and the range of each graph below.

In (a), arrow heads indicate that the graph of the function extends in both
directions. It extends to the left and right without bound; thus, the domain D
of the function is the set of real numbers. Similarly, it extends upward and
downward without bound; thus, the range R of function is the set of all real
numbers. In symbols,

𝐷 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℜ}, 𝑅 = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℜ}

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 2 | 10

 In (b), arrow heads indicate that the graph of the function is extended to the
left and right without bound, and downward, but not upward, without bound.
Thus, the domain of the function is the set of real numbers, while the range is
any real number less than or equal to 0. That is,

𝐷 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℜ}, 𝑅 = {𝑦|𝑦 ≤ 0}

LINEAR FUNCTION

Linear Function is defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃, where m and b are real

numbers. Also, the variable x should be in the degree one, that is, the exponent of x
is one. The symbol f(x) and the variable y are interchangeable as discussed on your
previous lesson about linear equations. So, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 can be written as 𝑦 =
𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 which is the slope-intercept form of a linear equation.

Example 1
Is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5 a linear function? Determine the degree, the slope and the y-intercept.
Solution:
Yes, the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5 is a linear function since the degree of x is one and it is written in the form of
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏. The slope is 3 and the y-intercept is -5.
Example 2
Is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 a linear function? Determine the degree, the slope and the y-intercept
Solution:
No, the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 is not a linear function since the degree of x is two which violates the definition
of linear function. Since it is not a linear function, the slope of the given function cannot be determined the y-intercept
is 3.

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A LINEAR FUNCTION

Domain of a Linear Function is the set of all possible values of x or the

independent variable. The Range of a linear equation is the set of all values of y or
f(x) that corresponds to each values of the Domain.

Example 1

Find the domain and range of the 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9.

Solution:

There are two ways to identify the domain. First, is by assigning different values to x. These values may consist of
subsets of real numbers which are zero, positive and negative integers, non-integers, fractions, and irrational numbers.
If ALL of your assumed values of x results to only one value for the function, then the domain is the set of real
numbers.

1
Assume x = {0, 1, -1, 2
, −0.5, √2}

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 3 | 10

If x = 0, then f(0) = 0 – 9, If x = 1, then f(1) = 1 – 9 If x = -1, then f(-1) = -1 – 9

f(0) = -9 f(1) = -8 f(-1) = -10

If x = ½ , then f(1/2) = ½ – 9 If x = -0.5, then f(-0.5) = -0.5 – 9 if x = √2 , then f(√2) = √2 – 9

f(1/2) = -8 ½ f(0.5) = -9.5 f(√2) = -7.586 (√2 = 1.414)

Since ALL the assumed values results to only one value for the function f(x), then the possible values for x are
all real numbers so 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ}
Note: 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ} is read as the domain is equal to x such that x is an element of real numbers

The second way can be used to identify Domain and Range of a

function, which is by its graph. On the right is the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 – 9.

Notice that the graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9 extends infinitely on opposite

direction, left to right for this given function. Remember that the left side of
the Cartesian plane has the negative integers, positive integers for the right
side, and zero at the center or origin.

If the graph travels from left to right, that simply means the Domain of the Function has positive and negative
integers, zero, decimals and negative decimals (a.k.a. non-integers), and irrational numbers. Take note, the numbers
mentioned earlier are all the subsets present in the set of Real Numbers. Therefore 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ}

Same goes for the Range, if the line inclined or declined (upward or downward), but not straight vertical that means
the range has the set of Real Numbers.
NOTE: Since the first method is
In symbols 𝑅 = {𝑦 |𝑦 ∈ ℜ} quite long, we advise you to use the
2nd method
REPRESENTING LINEAR FUNCTIONS
Since Linear Functions are also a relation, we can represent it using as set of ordered pairs and a table.
Example 1
Determine the values of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 2 if 𝑥 = −1, 0 , 1.
Solution:
If 𝑥 = −1, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 2 becomes
𝑓(−1) = 6(−1) + 2 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(−1) = −6 + 2 add Note: An ordered
𝑓(−1) = −4 final answer pair is written in
This means that if 𝑥 = −1 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = −4, which gives the ordered pair (-1, -4). the form (x, y)

If 𝑥 = 0, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 2 becomes

𝑓(0) = 6(0) + 2 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(0) = 0 + 2 add
𝑓(0) = 2 final answer
This means that if 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 2, which gives the ordered pair (0, 2). Note: (0,2) is read
as zero comma
If 𝑥 = 1, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 2 becomes two.
𝑓(1) = 6(1) + 2 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(1) = 6 + 2 add
𝑓(1) = 8 final answer
This means that if 𝑥 = 1 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 8, which gives the ordered pair (1, 8).
This tells us that the function will pass through the points (-1, -4), (0, 2), (1, 8).
x -1 0 1
MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 4 | 10
 Through these values, we can form a table. f(x) or y -4 2 8

Example 2
You play mobile legends every day and spend 5 hours a day. You want to know how much time you spend on
playing the game for a week, a month, and a year. Represent your function as a set of ordered pairs and a table.
Solution:
To answer this we should translate the problem mathematically. We can write this as 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥, where 𝑥 is
equal to one day.
If 𝑥 = 7, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 becomes:
𝑓(7) = 5(7) substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(7) = 35 final answer
This means if 𝑥 = 7 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 35, which gives the ordered pair (7, 35).
If 𝑥 = 30, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 becomes:
𝑓(30) = 5(30) substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(30) = 150 final answer
This means if 𝑥 = 30 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 150, which gives the ordered pair (30, 150).
If 𝑥 = 365 then 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 becomes:
𝑓(365) = 5(365) substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(365) = 1825 final answer
This means if 𝑥 = 365 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 1825, which gives the ordered pair (365, 1825).
This tells us that the function will pass through the points (7, 35), (30,150), (365, 1825).

Through these values, we can form a table. x (days) 7 30 365

f(x) or y (hours) 35 150 1825

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTION

You can graph a linear function through any two ordered pairs that satisfies the Note: You need at
equation. least 2 points to make
Example 1 a line.
Graph the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 1.
Solution:
Since you need to find two ordered pairs for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 1, think of any value of 𝑥 for example
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 1.
If 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 1 becomes:
𝑓(0) = 8(0) + 1 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(0) = 0 + 1 add
𝑓(0) = 1 final answer
This means if 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 1, which gives the ordered pair (0, 1)
If 𝑥 = 1 then 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 1 becomes:
𝑓(1) = 8(1) + 1 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(1) = 8 + 1 add
𝑓(1) = 9 final answer
This means that if 𝑥 = 1 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = 9, which gives the
ordered pair (1, 9)
Now we have the ordered pairs (0, 1) and (1, 9) for the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 1

Note: To plot a point on the Cartesian plane, find x-coordinate

first, then look for the y- coordinate.
f(x)= 8x + 1
Example 2
Graph the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 4
Solution:
Since you need to find two ordered pairs for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 4, think of any value of 𝑥 for
example 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 = 4.
If 𝑥 = 3 then 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 4 becomes:
MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 5 | 10
 𝑓(3) = −2(3) – 4 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(3) = −6 – 4 subtract
𝑓(3) = −10 final answer
This means the if 𝑥 = 3 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = −10, which gives the ordered pair (3, -10)
If 𝑥 = 4 then 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 4 becomes:
𝑓(4) = −2(4) – 4 substitute the value of x then multiply
𝑓(4) = −8 – 4 subtract
𝑓(4) = − 12 final answer
This means the if 𝑥 = 4 then 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 = −12, which gives the ordered
pair (4, -12)
Now we have the ordered pairs (3,-10) and (4, -12) for the function
𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 4

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTION USING THE Y-INTERCEPT

AND THE X-INTERCEPT
f(x) = -2x - 4
The y - intercept is the intersection of the line or the function to the y-axis. The symbol for y-intercept is 𝑏.
You can also get the y-intercept by setting x to zero.
The x - intercept is the intersection of the line or the function to the x-axis. The symbol for x - intercept is 𝑎.
You can get this by setting 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦 to zero.
We can use these intercepts to graph a linear function.
Example 1
Graph the function f(x) = 2x + 6 using its intercepts.
Solution:
In order for you to graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 6, identify first the y-intercept and the x- intercept. Since the y-intercept
is already given, 𝑏 = 6, we are going to compute for the x - intercept.

To get the x – intercept, set 𝑓(𝑥) to 0. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 6 becomes:

0 = 2𝑥 + 6 set f(x) to 0
−6 = 2𝑥 addition property of equality
−6 2𝑥
2
= 2 multiplication property of equality
−3 = 𝑥 final answer
So we have 𝑏 = 6, and 𝑎 = −3.
Note: 𝑏 = 6 and 𝑎 = −3 is the same as (0, 6) and (-3, 0) respectively.

f(x) = 2x + 6

Example 2
Graph the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 using its intercepts.
Solution:
In order for you to graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2, identify first the y-intercept and the x- intercept. In this example, 𝑏 =
−2, and we are going to compute for the x - intercept.
To get the x - intercept substitute 0 to 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 becomes:
0 = 3𝑥 − 2 set 𝑓(𝑥) to 0
2 = 3𝑥 addition property of equality
2 3𝑥
3
= 3
multiplication property of equality
MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 6 | 10
 2
3
= 𝑥 final answer
So we have 𝑏 = −2, and 𝑎 = 2/3.

f(x) = 3x -2

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTION USING THE SLOPE AND Y-INTERCEPT

A linear function is in the form of f(x) = mx + b where m is the slope and b is the y- intercept. You can graph a
function using these two parts.

Note: The slope (m) is the steepness of the line. You get these by getting the rise/run or the change in y over the
change in x.

Example 1
Graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 − 2 using its slope and y - intercept
Solution:
In order for you to graph (𝑥) = 9𝑥 − 2 , identify 𝑚 and b first.
𝑚 = 9 and 𝑏 = −2
Plot the y-intercept -2, and then go 9 units up and 1 unit to the right
for the next point.

Note: If m is a whole number then automatically the run is equal to 1.

f(x) = 9x -2

Example 2
Graph 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 using its slope and y – intercept.
Solution:
In order for you to graph 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 , identify 𝑚 and b first.
𝑚 = −3 and 𝑏 = 0
Plot the y-intercept 0, and then go 3 units down and 1 unit to the right for the
next point.

Note: Important keywords in using the slope. If the rise is positive

then go up, otherwise go down, If the run is positive, go right,
otherwise go to left.

Example 3
2𝑥
Graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 3 using its slope and y- intercept.
Solution:
2𝑥
In order for you to graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
+ 3 , identify 𝑚 and 𝑏 first.
2
𝑚 = and 𝑏 = 3
3
Plot the y-intercept 3, and then go 2 units up and 3 units to the right for
the next point.

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 7 | 10

𝟐𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = +𝟑1
𝟑
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1.1 Write LF if the following is an example of Linear Function and NLF if it is not an
example of a Linear Function

_______1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 _______6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4

_______2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 2 _______7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
_______3. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 – 2 _______8. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥
_______4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2 _______9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4
_______5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥– 4 _______10. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3
ACTIVITY 1.2 Write the domain and range of the given function in the space provided.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 4
Domain: _____________________
Range: _______________________
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 8
Domain: _____________________
Range: _______________________
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 9
Domain: _____________________
Range: _______________________ 5.

Domain: _____________________
Range: _______________________

4.
Domain: _____________________
Range: _______________________
ACTIVITY 1.3 GRAPH ME!

Graph the following linear functions using x-intercept

and y – intercept

3𝑥
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4
+3
𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = +1
2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2
−2𝑥
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
+2
−4𝑥
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5
+4

REMEMBER
A linear function is a function that can be written in the form of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏. The exponent of the
variable x should be 1 to be considered as a linear function.

The domain of a linear function is always the set of all real numbers. The range of a linear function is also a
set of all real number except for the constant function wherein the range is equal to the y-intercept.

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 8 | 10

 The Domain of a Function is the set of Real Numbers if the graph extends left to right. The Range of the
Function is the set of Real Numbers if the graph inclines or declines, but not straight vertical.

A linear function can be represented using a set of ordered pairs, a table and a graph just like a mere relation.

You can graph a linear function using any two points that satisfies the function. You can also graph a linear
function using its intercepts and also using the slope and its y-intercept.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. Determine whether each is a linear function or not. Check Yes if it is a linear function and No if it is not.
Write the degree of the function. For linear functions, identify its slope m and y-intercept b.

B.Graph the following linear functions using

slope and y- intercept.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4
𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
𝑥
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = − 2 + 2
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4

POST TEST
Answer the following questions as honestly as possible.
1. What is the range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 2?
e. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ} g. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∉ ℜ}
f. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ, 𝑦 ≠ 5} h. 𝑅 = {𝑦 | 𝑦 ∈ ℜ, 𝑦 ≠ −2}
2. What is the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥
e. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ} g. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∉ ℜ}
f. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℜ, 𝑥 ≠ 3} h. 𝐷 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∉ ℜ, 𝑥 ≠ 3}
3. What is the value of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 6 if 𝑥 = −3?
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 15 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = −15
4. What is the x – intercept of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 6?
1 1
a. 3 b. -3 c. 3 d. -3
5. In the function f(x) = 5x + 2, from (0, 2) what is the direction of the next point?
a. 5 units up and 1 unit to the left c. 5 units up and 1 unit to the right
b. 5 units to the left and 1 unit up d. 5 units to the right 1 unit up

MATH 8 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 Page 9 | 10

 MATHEMATICS 8
ANSWER SHEET
Quarter 2 Week 4

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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