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MH1811 Tutorial 1 Diff Eqns 1 2018

This document contains: 1) Eight problems involving solving differential equations, including initial value problems. The problems cover techniques like separation of variables, substitution, and Newton's law of cooling. 2) Example solutions provided for problems like solving differential equations of the form y'' = f(x)y and mixture problems involving rates of change. 3) The last problem involves using a substitution to transform a differential equation into a separable form to solve an initial value problem.

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Monisha Dasarathan
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46 views2 pages

MH1811 Tutorial 1 Diff Eqns 1 2018

This document contains: 1) Eight problems involving solving differential equations, including initial value problems. The problems cover techniques like separation of variables, substitution, and Newton's law of cooling. 2) Example solutions provided for problems like solving differential equations of the form y'' = f(x)y and mixture problems involving rates of change. 3) The last problem involves using a substitution to transform a differential equation into a separable form to solve an initial value problem.

Uploaded by

Monisha Dasarathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nanyang Technological University

School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences


Division of Mathematical Sciences

MH1811 Mathematics 2 Tutorial 1

x
et
Z
1
1. Show that y = dt is a solution of the differential equation:
x 1 t

x2 y 0 + xy = ex .

x
2. Verify that y = is a solution of the initial value problem:
ln x
x2 y 0 = xy − y 2 , y(e) = e, x > 1.

3. Solve the following initial-value problems:


√ 1 2 1 3
(a) y 0 = e2x + x + cos 3x, y(0) = 2 (Ans: y(x) = e2x + x3/2 + sin 3x + )
2 3 3 2
(b) y 00 = xex , y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 4 (Ans: y(x) = 5 + 5x − 2ex + xex )
dy √ √ √
(c) = y cos2 y (Ans: y = 0 or y = (nπ + π2 )2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . or 2 tan( y) = x + C )
dx
π
(d) y 0 = y 2 + 1, y(0) = 1 (Ans: y = tan(x + ) )
4
4. Solve the following differential equations:
dy
(a) y − (x − 2) = 0, for x > 2. (Ans: y = C(x − 2))
dx
dy x(y 2 − 1) (x − 1) + C(x − 2)2
(b) = (Ans: y = and y = −1)
dx 2(x − 2)(x − 1) (x − 1) − C(x − 2)2
dy p
3
(c) y 2 = 3x2 y 3 − 6x2 (Ans: y = 2 + Ke3x3 )
dx
dy
(d) sec x = ey+sin x (Ans: y = − ln(C − esin x ) ) )
dx
5. Solve the following differential equations.
dy 2 2
 2

(a) + xy = xex /2 (Answer: y = e−x /2 12 ex + C )
dx  
dx 1
(b) (t − 1) − x − t = 0 (Answer: x = (t − 1) ln |t − 1| − +C )
dt t−1
(
1
eβx + Ce−αx , if α + β =
6 0
(c) y 0 +αy = eβx , where α and β are constants. (Ans: y = α+β −αx
(x + C)e , if α + β = 0.

1
6. (Newton’s Law of Cooling) The rate of at which an object’s temperature T is changing at
any given time is roughly proportional to the difference between its temperature and the
temperature of the surrounding medium Tm . Thus we have
dT
= −k(T − Tm ),
dt
where k is a constant. Suppose the initial temperature of the object is T0 .

(a) Show that


T − Tm = (T0 − Tm )e−kt .

(b) A hard-boiled egg at 98◦ C is put in a sink of 18◦ C water. After 5 minutes, the egg’s
temperature is 38◦ C. Assuming that the water has not warmed appreciably, how much
longer will it take the egg to reach 20◦ C? (Answer: About 8 mins.)

7. (Mixture problem.) A tank contains 1000 L of water in which initially 100 g of salt is dissolved.
Brine runs in at a rate of 10 L/min, and each liter (L) contains 5 g of dissolved salt. The mixture
in the tank is kept uniform by stirring. Brine runs out at 10 L/min. Find the amount of salt
in the tank at any time t. (Answer: 5000 − 4900e−0.01t )

8. Consider the initial value problem


dy
x2 = x2 + xy + y 2 , where x > 0, y(1) = 0.
dx
(i) Use the substitution y = vx, where v is a function of x, to transform the differential
dy
equation x2 = x2 + xy + y 2 into the following differential equation relating v and x,
dx
1 dv 1
2
= , x > 0.
1 + v dx x

(ii) Use part (i) to solve the initial value problem, that is find y in terms of x.

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