24 arrest arrested arrested

25 associate associated associated

26 attend attended attended
27 attempt attempted attempted
28 abscond absconded absconded
29 borrow borrowed borrowed
S.l.no present verb(v1) past verb(v2) past participle (v3)
30 believe believed believed

ar
31 blame blamed blamed
32 bother bothered bothered

m
33 bluff bluffed bluffed
34 call called called
35 cancel cancelled cancelled

m
36 change changed changed
37 cheat cheated cheated
38
39
continue
close
continued
closed ra continued
closed
g
40 consult consulted consulted
41 chase chased chased
42 count counted counted
h

43 cook cooked cooked

lis

44 collect collected collected

45 complete completed completed
46 convergent converted converted
ng

47 check checked checked

48 commence commenced commenced
49 cry cried cried
E

50 criticize criticized criticized

51 consider consider consider
P

52 challenge challenged challenged

53 communicate communicated communicated
G

54 carry carried carried

55 clean cleaned cleaned
56 consist consisted consisted
57 deliver delivered delivered
58 discover discovered discovered
59 disturb disturbed disturbed
60 decide decided decided
G P English grammar14
61 drop dropped dropped
62 dance danced danced
63 damage damaged damaged
64 divide divided divided
S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
65 desire desired desired
66 discuss discussed discussed
67 depart departed departed

ar
68 dismiss dismissed dismissed
69 dash dashed dashed

m
70 decrease decreased decreased
71 depend depended depended
72 delay delayed delayed

m
73 decorate decorated decorated
74 destroy destroyed destroyed
75
76
explain
expect
explained
expected ra explained
expected
g
77 enjoy enjoyed enjoyed
78 enquire enquired enquired
79 express expressed expressed
h

80 escape escaped escaped

lis

81 encourage encouraged encouraged

82 enclose enclosed enclosed
83 enter entered entered
ng

84 excuse excused excused

85 estimate estimated estimated
86 examine examined examined
E

87 face faced faced

88 form formed formed
P

89 fail failed failed

90 frame framed framed
G

91 fear feared feared

92 frighten frightened frightened
93 follow followed followed
94 finish finished finished
95 flow flowed flowed
96 gather gathered gathered
97 guide guided guided
G P English grammar15
98 guess guessed guessed
99 help helped helped
S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
100 hate hated hated
101 happen happened happened
102 hesitate hesitated hesitated
103 harass harassed harassed
104 hatch hatched hatched

ar
105 hire hired hired
106 honor honored honored

m
107 hop hopped hopped
108 inform informed informed
109 impress impressed impressed

m
110 interest interested interested
111 indicate indicated indicated
112
113
instruct
invent
instructed
invented ra instructed
invented
g
114 increase increased increased
115 insist insisted insisted
116 interrupt interrupted interrupted
h

117 introduce introduced introduced

lis

118 invite invited invited

119 improve improved improved
120 injure injured injured
ng

121 irritate irritated irritated

122 illuminate illuminated illuminated
123 imitate imitated imitated
E

124 illustrate illustrated illustrated

125 identify identified identified
P

126 import imported imported

127 inaugurate inaugurated inaugurated
G

128 include included included

129 inquire inquired inquired
130 insert inserted inserted
131 inspect inspected inspected
132 insult insulted insulted
133 involve involved involved
134 isolate isolated isolated
G P English grammar16
S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
135 jump jumped jumped
136 join joined joined
137 kill killed killed
138 kidnap kidnapped kidnapped
139 kick kicked kicked
140 knock knock knock
141 kiss kissed kissed

ar
142 like liked liked
143 love loved loved

m
144 listen listened listened
145 look looked looked
146 lean leaned leaned

m
147 lift lifted lifted
148 limit limited limited
149
150
list
live
listed
lived ra listed
lived
g
151 lock locked locked
152 move moved moved
153 murmur murmured murmured
h

154 miss missed missed

lis

155 melt melted melted

156 murder murdered murdered
157 mend mended mended
ng

158 migrate migrated migrated

159 measure measured measured
160 neglect neglected neglected
E

161 notice noticed noticed

162 observe observed observed
P

163 occupy occupied occupied

164 owe owed owed
G

165 open opened opened

166 order ordered ordered
167 occur occurred occurred
168 offer offered offered
169 oppose opposed opposed
S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
170 obey obeyed obeyed
G P English grammar17
171 obtain obtained obtained
172 operate operated operated
173 originate originated originated
174 pass passed passed
175 prove proved proved
176 perform performed performed
177 pull pulled pulled
178 push pushed pushed

ar
179 permit permitted permitted
180 prevent prevented prevented

m
181 present presented presented
182 prefer preferred preferred
183 preside presided presided

m
184 proceed proceed proceed
185 punish punished punished
186
187
place
practice
placed
practiced raplaced
practiced
g
188 provoke provoked provoked
189 play played played
190 possess possessed possessed
h

191 post posted posted

lis

192 postpone postponed postponed

193 pour poured poured
194 praise praised praised
ng

195 prepare prepared prepared

196 preserve preserved preserved
197 print printed printed
E

198 produce produced produced

199 prohibit prohibited prohibited
P

200 promise promised promised

201 protect protected protected
G

202 publish published published

203 purchase purchased purchased
204 pay paid paid
S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
205 participate participated participated
206 quarrel quarreled quarreled
207 qualify qualified qualified
G P English grammar18
208 question questioned questioned
209 refuse refuse refuse
210 receive received received
211 return returned returned
212 remain remained remained
213 remark remarked remarked
214 report reported reported
215 recall recalled recalled

ar
216 reflect reflected reflected
217 release released released

m
218 require required required
219 reject rejected rejected
220 reach reached reached

m
221 remove removed removed
222 recommend recommended recommended
223
224
reduce
receive
reduced
received ra reduced
received
g
225 remind reminded reminded
226 repair repaired repaired
227 repeat repeated repaired
h

228 reply replied replied

lis

229 request request request

230 respect respected respected
231 respond responded responded
ng

232 reveal revealed revealed

233 revise revised revised
234 revolt revolted revolted
E

235 reward rewarded rewarded

236 stare stared stared
P

237 spoil spoiled spoiled

238 say said said
G

239 suggest suggested suggested

S.l.no Present verb(v1) Past verb(v2) Past Participle (v3)
240 support supported supported
241 suspect suspected suspected
242 suffer suffered suffered
243 seize seized seized
244 search searched searched
G P English grammar19
245 stop stopped stopped
246 seem seem seem
247 select selected selected
248 scold scolded scolded
249 surprise surprised surprised
250 show showed showed
251 sacrifice sacrificed sacrificed
252 sanction sanctioned sanctioned

ar
253 satisfy satisfied satisfied
254 save saved saved

m
255 scatter scattered scattered
256 secure secured secured
257 shape shaped shaped

m
258 shift shifted shifted
259 slip slipped slipped
260
261
solve
smile
solved
smiled ra solved
smiled
g
262 stay stayed stayed
263 struggle struggled struggled
264 submit submitted submitted
h

265 supply supplied supplied

lis

266 start started started

267 turn turned turned
268 transfer transpired transpired
ng

269 travel traveled traveled

270 try tried tried
271 treat treated treated
E

272 trust trusted trusted

273 train trained trained
P

274 trouble troubled trouble

275 touch touched touched
G

276 threaten threatened threatened

277 thank thanked thanked
278 terminate terminated terminated
279 trace traced traced
280 translate translated translated
281 twist twisted twisted
282 use used used
G P English grammar20
283 utilize utilized utilized
284 vow vowed vowed
285 vex vexed vexed
286 verify verified verified
287 visit visited visited
288 vacate vacated vacated
289 vanish vanished vanished
290 want wanted wanted

ar
291 walk walked walked
292 waste wasted wasted

m
293 warn warned warned
294 worry worried worried
295 wait wait waited

m
296 wish wished wished
297 wash washed washed
298
299
watch
wonder
watched
wondered ra watched
wondered
g
300 work worked worked
301 worship worshiped worshiped
302 absorb absorbed absorbed
h

303 abuse abused abused

lis
ng
E

CHAPTER 4
P

4.TENSES
G

The word tense comes from the Latin word “Tempus” which means “time”.
Tense denotes the time of an action
Tenses are root of the grammar
There are three main tenses they are
1. Present tense
2. past tense
3. Future tense
Each tense is divided in to four groups
G P English grammar21
S. Present tense Past tense Future tense
No.
1 Simple Present Simple past Simple Future
2 Present Continuous Past continuous Future Continuous
3 Present perfect Past prefect Future prefect
4 Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect
continuous continuous continuous

ar
There are 12 types of tenses in English.
They are:-

m
1. Simple present
2. Present Continuous

m
3. Present perfect
4. Present perfect continuous
5. Past simple
6. Past Continuous
ra
g
7. Past perfect
8. Past perfect continuous
h

9. Simple Future
lis

10. Future (simple) continuous

11. Future perfect
ng

12. Future perfect continuous

OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING TABLE:-
Give
E

1. Simple present give, gives

2. Present Continuous is giving am giving, are giving
P

3. Present perfect have given, has given

4. Present perfect continuous have been giving, has been giving
G

5. simple Past gave

6. Past Continuous was giving, were giving
7. Past perfect had given
8. Past perfect continuous -had been giving
9. Simple Future Shall give, will give
10. Future (simple) continuous shall be giving, will be giving
11. Future perfect Shall have given, will have given

G P English grammar22
12. Future perfect continuous shall have been giving, will have been giving
Take
1. Simple present Take, takes
2. Present Continuous am taking, is taking, are taking
3. Present perfect have taken, has taken
4. Present perfect continuous have been taking, has been taking
5. simple Past tense took
6. Past Continuous was taking, wore taking

ar
7. Past perfect had taken
8. Past perfect continuous had been taking
9. Simple Future shall be taking, will be taking

m
10. Future (simple) continuous shall be taking, will be taking
11. Future perfect Shall have taken, will have taken
12. Future perfect continuous

m
Shall have been taking, will have been taking
Go
1. Simple present go, goes
2. Present Continuous
3. Present perfect
4. Present perfect continuous
ra
am going , is going,
have given, has given
are going

have been giving, has been giving

g
5. simple Past tense -went
6. Past Continuous was went, were went
h

7. Past perfect had gone

8. Past perfect continuous -had been going
lis

9. Simple Future shall go, will go

10. Future (simple) continuous shall be going, will be going
11. Future perfect shall have gone, will have gone
ng

12. Future perfect continuous shall have been going, will have been going

Find the tenses in the following sentences:-

1. I teach English - Simple present
E

2. You are writing something - Present continuous

th
3. We passed 10 class last year - Simple past
P

4. You were studying first year last year -Past Continuous

5. Sita got a prize - Simple past
G

6. I have completed Graduation - Present perfect

7. We had reached the Station - Past perfect
8. Sita sings many songs - Simple present
9. I will come to you house tomorrow - simple Future
10.They will have completed their work by this time tomorrow. Future perfect
11. My has been living in Hyderabad for 10 years - Present perfect continuous
12. We were watching T.V - Past continuous
G P English grammar23
13. We shall be writing a novel - Future continuous
14. John goes to Church every Sunday - Simple present
15. Latha Drink coffee - Simple present
16. You made a mistake in the class - Simple past
17. They will visit Tirumala tomorrow - Simple Future
18. Columbus discovered America - Simple past
19. I saw a film last might - Simple past
20. I have been teaching grammar for 15 day - Present perfect continuous

ar
TENSE THROUGH STRUCTURES

m
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A. Affirmative sentence:-

m
Formula:- sub+v1 es + object
Eg:- I write a letter.
You drink coffee.
He goes to college daily.
Sita sings songs.
ra
g
They read the Hindu daily.
Note:- If the sentences begin with third person singular (He, she, it) “S” or “es” can be
h

add to the first form of the verb (V1)

lis

B. Negative Sentence:-
Formula:- sub + do not/does not + v1 + obj
ng

Eg:- I do not write a letter .

You do not drink coffee.
He does not go to college daily.
E

Sita does not Sing songs.

They do not read the Hindu daily.
P

C. interrogative sentence :-
G

Formula:- Do + sub+v1 +obj?

Ex: - Do I write a letter ?
Does he go to college daily?
Does Sita sing songs?
Do they read the Hindu daily?
D.Negative interrogative:-
Formula:- Do not/does not + sub + v1 + obj.

G P English grammar24
 Eg:- I Don’t I write a letter?
Don’t you drink Coffee?
Doesn’t he go to college daily?
Doesn’t Sita sing songs?
Don’t they read the Hindu daily?
Use of simple present tense:-
This tense is used for the following cases:-
1. Habitual action

ar
2. daily activities
3. facts
4. universal truths

m
1. Habitual actions and daily activities:-
Indications:-

m
Always, often, seldom, sometimes, daily, everyday, generally,
occasionally, frequently, rarely, usually, regularly
Eg:-
1. I go (go) to College daily
2. They come (come) to party ready
ra
g
3. Rani often makes (make) mistakes
4. I always help (help) the poor
h

5. sita useful, sits (sit) in the first row

lis

6. we do (do) our home work regularly

7. She drinks (drink) milk daily
8. They often visit (visit) Tirumala
ng

9. You tell (tell) lies some times

10. He comes (come) here every morning
E

2. Universal truths:-
1. The sun rises (rise) in the east
P

1. The Sun Sets (set ) in the west

G

2. The Sun shines during the day

3. The earth moves (move) round the Sun
4. The earth revolves (revolves) the sun
5. The moon shines (shine) during the night
6. The moon gives (give) us cool night
7. The earth rotates (rotate) round the Sun
8. The summer comes (come) after the winter
9. The stars appear (appear) during the night
G P English grammar25
 10.Birds fly (fly) in the Sky
11.Children like (like)Sweets
12.Bees make (make) Honey
13.People speak (speak) English all over world
14.Water boils (boil) at the 100o c
15.The Indian Rivers flow (flow) Bay of Bengal
16.The them of the Novel reflects (reflect) our couture
17.Fish live (live) water
18.River water do not fast (not fast ) Salty

ar
19. English is spoken (speak) all over the world.
3. Facts:-

m
1. Sugar is (be) Sweet
2. Honey is (be) Sweet
3. Man is (be) mortal

m
4. Mount Everest is (be) the height peak in the World
5. India is be a big Country
6. Sunitha is (be) a wise girl
7. What is (be) a Prize of the book ra
8. There are (be) 11 members in the cricket
g
9. We are (be) a big nation
10. Gold melts (melt) at 100o C
h

11. Salt dissolves (dissolve) in water

lis

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Affirmative sentence:-
ng

Formula:- sub + am/is/are + v1 +ing +obj)

Eg:- I am writing a letter.

E

You are eating a Mango.

She is reading the paper.
P
G

B .Negative Sentences:-
Formula: sub +am/is/are not+ v1 + obj
Eg:-
1. I am not writing a letter.
2. You are not eating mango.
3. She is not reading the paper.

G P English grammar26
C. Interrogative sentence:-
Formula:- Am/is/are + sub+v1+ obj
Ex:-
1. Am I writing a letter?
2. Are you eating a mango?
3. Is she reading the paper ?

D .Negative interragative:-

ar
Am/is/are not + sub+v1+ obj
Eg:-
1. Amn’t I writing a letter?

m
2. Aren’t you eating a mango?
3. Isn’t she reading the paper?

m
Uses of present continuous tense:-

speaking.
Eg:-
ra
This tense is mainly used to express real action which is going at the time of
g
1. I am teaching English grammar now.
2. Sita is doing home work now.
h

3. They are making chapathis at present.

Near Future: - This tense is used for the actions that has already been arranged to
lis

take place near future.

Eg:-
1. The C.M is coming to Kadapa next Sunday.
ng

2. we are meeting with them tomorrow.

3. My uncle is visiting Tirumala next month.
Indications :- now, at, present, listen, see, look, don’t disturb
E
P

Examination model:-
1. I am writing (write) a letter now
G

1) will write, 2) a writing 3)am writing 4)None

2. They are doing (do) H.W at present.
3. See! Somebody is calling by her name. .
4. Look! Somebody is breaking (break) the glass.
5. Don’t disturb me I am reading (read) the paper.
6. Don’t disturb him he is doing (do) his home work.
7. Listen somebody is knock (knock) at the door.
G P English grammar27
8. Leela is reading (read) a novel now.
9. They are playing (play) tennis at present .
The following verbs are not used in present continuous tense:-
1. Verbs of perception :-
See, hear, smell, notice, recognize
2. verbs of appearance :-
appear, look, seem
3. verbs of emotion :-

ar
what, wish, desire, fed, like, love, hate, hope, refuse, prefer
4. Verbs of thinking :-
Think, suppose, believe, agree, consider, trust, remember, forget, know, mean,

m
understand.
5. Verbs of possession :-

m
have, own, possess, belong, consist, contain.

ra
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
This tense is used for the actions just completed in the past.
A.Assertive sentences :-
g
Formula:- sub+have/has +v3+obj
Eg:-
h

1. I have written a letter.

2. You have done your home work.
lis

3. He has sung a song.

4. Sita has sent a gift.
ng

B.Negative Sentence:-
Formula:- sub+have/has+not+v3+obj.
Eg:-
1. I have not written a letter.
E

2. you have not done your home work.

3. Sita has not sent a gift.
P

4. He has not sung a song.

C. Interrogative sentence:-
G

Formula:- have/has + sub+ v3+obj

Eg:-
1. Have I written a letter?
2. Have you done your home work?
3. Has He sung a song?
4. Has Sita sent a gift?
D. Negative interrogative:-
G P English grammar28
 Formula:- have/has +not+ sub+ v3+obj
Eg:-
1. Have not I written a letter?
2. Have not you done your home work?
3. Has not he sung a song?
4. Has not Sita sent a gift?

ar
Examination pattern:-

m
Indications: - just, just, now, just, before, al ready, so far, yet, recently

m
1. I have written (write) a story just now
2. a) wrote b)have written c)am writing d) have wrote
3.
4.
5.
He has gone (go) to Kadapa just before
She ha seen (see) the film recently ra
They have left (leave) for Bangalore just now
g
6. My friend has not come (come) here so far
7. Rani has joined (join) in the College just now.
h

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

lis

This tense is used for the actions already started in the past and continuing
up to the present.
Formula:- sub + has/have + been+ ing+obj
ng

Eg:-
1. I have been teaching English grammar for 20 days
2. She has been studying Psychology for 2 day
E

3. He has been working here since 2002

4. She has been living in Rajampet since 2005
Indications :- since, for
P

 Since:- it refers to point of time

G

 For :- it refers to period of time

Since For
Since Monday for 3 hours
Since June for 10 days
o
Since 8 clock for a long time
Since morning for 5 months
Since 1998 for 3 weeks
G P English grammar29
Since yesterday for half an hour
Examination Model:-
1. He has been waiting (wait) here for her for two years
2. I have been living (live) in Rajampet since 1990
3. They have been waiting (wait) at the bus stand for an hour
4. It has been raining (rain) here Since 8o clock
5. The child has been sleeping (sleep) here since 4o clock
6. India has been facing (face) many problems for a long time

ar
7. The boy has been reading (read) the novel for 2 hours
8. We have been taking (take) for T.E.T for 20 days

m
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
A. Affirmative sentence:-

m
Formula: - sub+ v2 + obj.
Eg:-
1. I wrote a letter.
2. You bought a scooter.
3. He drank coffee.
ra
g
4. She sang a song.
5. They built a house.
h

B. Negative sentence:-
lis

Formula: - sub+ did not + v1 + obj.

Eg:-
1. I did not write a letter.
ng

2. You did not buy a scooter.

3. He did not drink coffee.
4. She did not sing a song.
E

5. They did not build a house.

C. Interrogative sentence:-
Formula: - Did+sub+v1+obj.
P

Eg:-
G

1. Did I write a letter?

2. Did you buy a Scooter?
3. Did he drink coffee
4. did she sing a song
5. did he build a house?
D. Negative sentence:-
Formula: - Did+not+sub+v1+obj.
Eg:-
G P English grammar30
 1. Didn’t I write a letter?
2. Didn’t you buy a scooter?
3. Didn’t he drink coffee?
4. Didn’t she sing a song?
5. Didn’t they build a house?

Uses of simple past tense:-

This tense is used for the actions at any time in the past.

ar
Indications:-
Ago, long ago, last week, last night, last month, last year, last century, last decade, in

m
1947 ( any previous year), yesterday.

1. I wrote (write) a letter to here yesterday.

m
2. India won (win) the freedom in 1947.
3. The train left (leave) the plat form an hour ago.
4. He returned (return) from the College yesterday.

ra
5. John went (go) to the Church last Sunday.
6. Akhbar ruled (rule) India long ago.
g
7. Suneel visited (visit) Tirumala last week.
8. I bought (buy) scooter in 2010.
9. They did (do) their work last week.
h

10. My friend come (come ) to my house yesterday.

lis

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

This tense is used for the actions continuing in the past.
Formula:- sub + was/were +v1+ ing + obj
ng

Ex:-
1. I was writing a story.
2. You were doing your work.
E

3. She was singing songs.

4. They were building a house.
5. He was playing cricket.
P

Note:-When two works mentioned in a sentence one work is in simple past the
other work will be in past continuous tense.
G

Note:- Shorter action (simple past) , longer action (past continuous )

Indications: - when, while
1. when the bell rang, you were watching (watch) T.V
2. When I saw here, she was playing (play) chess
3. The girl fell asleep while she was watching (watch) T.V
4. While He was going (go) to college, he saw an accident.
5. Rani was singing (sing) songs, I visited her.
G P English grammar31
 6. When I was crossing (cross) the road, I saw an accident.
7. When my daughter was going (go) to college, she saw a snake.
8. My brother was sleeping (sleep) when I reached home.
9. While I was going (go) to school, I saw a procession.
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
This tense is used for the actions just completed in the past
A. Assertive sentence:-
Formula:- sub+had+v3+obj

ar
Ex:-
1. I had written a story.

m
2. You had finished your work.
3. He had left the village.
4. They had built a house.

m
B. Negative sentence:-
Formula:- sub+ had+not+v3+ obj
Ex:-
1. I hadn’t written a story ra
2. you hadn’t finished your work
g
3. He hadn’t left the village
4. They hadn’t built a house
h

Uses:-
Rule:- 1. when two works are mentioned in a sentence the first work is in past
lis

perfect tense, the second work will in simple past.

Indications :- Before, after, when, as soon as, until
ng

Ex:-
1. Before I reached the station, the train had left (leave) the flat form
2. He had written (write) a letter before he arrived
E

3. Jyothi had left (leave) the party before sheela arrived there
4. He (leave) the party before sheela arrived there
5. He had finish (finish) the work before we reached the garage
P

6. When I reached the meeting hall the present all ready had started (start) his lecture
G

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

This tense is used for the actions all ready started in the past and continuing
up to the past.
Formula:-sub+had+been+v1+ing+obj
Ex:-
1. I had been writing a story
G P English grammar32
 2. They had been writing a story
3. They had been repaired in the house
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
A. Assertive sentence:-
Formula:- sub+ shall/will +v1+obj.
Ex:-
1. I shall write a letter
2. you will learn English

ar
3. we will join in a College
4. He will buy a car
B. Negative sentences :-

m
Formula:- sub+ shall/will +not+v1+obj
Ex:-
1. I shall not write a letter.

m
2. You will not learn English.
3. We will not join in a College.
4. He will not buy a car.
C. Interrogative sentence:- ra
g
Formula:- shall/will + sub+ v1 +obj.
Ex:-
1. Shall I write a letter?
h

2. Will you learn English grammar?

lis

3. Will we join in a college?

4. Will he buy a car?
D. Negative question:-
ng

Formula: - Shall n’t, willn’t + sub+v1+obj.

Eg:-
1. Shall n’t I write a letter?
E

2. Won’t you learn English grammar?

3. Won’t we join in a College?
4. Won’t he buy a car?
P

Uses: - This tense is used for the actions at day time in the future
G

Indications: - tomorrow, the next day, next week, next month, next year.
Eg:-
1. I shall write (write) a letter to her tomorrow
2. He will visit (visit) Tirumala next Saturday
3. Raju will visit (visit) zoo next year
4. My uncle will go (go) to America next month
5. The Novelist will finish (finish) the Novel next month
6. We Shall complete (complete) our Syllabus next week
G P English grammar33
 10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
This tense is used for the actions continuing in the future.
Formula:-sub+ shall/will + be +v1+ing+obj
Eg:-
1. I shall be writing a story
2. you will be doing your job
3. He will be constructing a house.

ar
11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
This tense is used for the actions just completed in the future

m
Formula:- sub+ shall have/will have + v3 +obj
Ex:-
1. I shall have finished my work by next week

m
2. she will have completed her work by next day
3. The will have constructed their house by next year

1. ra
Indications: - by the time, by next week, by next month, by the year
you will have finished (finish) you examination by next July
g
2. The Novelist will have finished (finish)the book by next month
3. She will have built (build) a house by the end of the next year
4. By the end of the next week the Novelist will have written (write) the book
h

5. I shall have completed (complete) my work by the

lis

S. No. Tense Indications

ng

1 Always, often, seldom, some time, daily, every day,

generally, occasionally, frequently, readily,
usually, regularly
E

2 Simple past Ago, long, ago, last, week, last month, last night, last year,
Last century, last decade,
P

in 1947 (any previous year) yesterday

3 Simple Future Tomorrow, the next day, next week, next month, next year
G

4 Present continuous
Now, at present, listen. See! look!, Don’t disturb
5 Past ContinuousWhen, while
6 Present perfect Just, just now, just before, already, so far, yet, recently
7 Past perfect Before, after, as soon as (when) until
8 Future perfect Tomorrow, the next day, next week, next month, next year
CONDITIONAL TENSES

G P English grammar34
There are three conditional tenses, they are preferable conditions
1. open condition’
2. Improbable condition (Imaginary condition)’
3. un full filled condition;
TYPE 1
1. Open condition (type – I)

IF clause Main clause

ar
If + sub+vI +obj Sub + will, shall, can, may + v1+ obj

m
Eg:-
1. If you work hard, you will get a rank.
2. if you play well, you will win the match.

m
3. If I go to Hyderabad, I shall met the C.M.
4. If he teaches well, I will get a good name.
Exercises:-
ra
1. If you break the glass, the police will punish (punish) you
Punished 2. had punished 3. will punish 4. punishment
g
2. If you ask me, I shall help (help) you
3. If he leaves (leave) early, he can catch the train
h

4. If you get a rank in T.E.T the Principal will give you a prize
TYPE 2
lis

Improbable condition or Imaginary conditions:-

ng

Formula If clause Main clause

If+sub+v2+ob Sub+would/could+v1+ obj
Eg:-
1. If you worked hard, you would get a rank
E

2. If you played well, you would win the match.

3. if I went to Hyderabad, I should met the C.M
P

4. If I were a bird , I would fly in the sky

a)will fly, b) c)flown d) flying
G

5. If I were you, I would work well

1. worked 2. would work 3. working 4. will work
6. If I were the C.M, I would abolish the reservation of women
1. will abolish 2. abolished 3. would abolish 4. abalishing
CHAPTER 5
5.TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
G P English grammar35
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Active Voice:- Active voice gives about the work done by the subject and object directly
E.g:- Krishna helped pandavas.
herehere herKrishna – subject
Helped – verb
Pandavas – object
Passive Voice:- Passive Voice gives about the work received object from the subject
E.g:- Pandavas were helped by Krishna.
pandavas – object

ar
Were – helping verb
Helped – main verb
By – preposition
Krishna – Subject

m
Rules for changing from A.V into P.V:-
1. Object becomes Subject
E.g:- I eat a mango

m
A mango _______
2. Helping verb is used according to the tense of the verb in the passive voice.
E.g:- A mango is __________
S.NO
1
2
TENSE IN ACTIVE VOICE
Simple present tense
Present continuous tense ra
HELPING VERB IN PASSIVE VOICE
Am, is , are
Am being, is being, are being
g
3 Present perfect tense Have been, has been
4 Simple past tense Was were
5 Past continuous tense Was being, were being
h

6 Past perfect tense Had been

7 Simple future tense Shall be, will be
lis

8 Future perfect tense Shall have been, will have been

3. Pronouns in Active voice are changed as in passive voice.

Active voice Passive voice

ng

I Me
We us
you You
He Him
E

She Her
it It
They Them
P

Eg:- I eat a mango

A mango is ___________ me.
G

4. The main verb should be written in past participle (v3) main verb ను p.v
5. The preposition ‘by’ is used after the past participle.
Eg:-A mango is written _______ me.

AS FOR THE TENSES THE VOICE IS CHANGED AS FOLLOWES:

1. Simple A.V. Structure Sub+v1/v1+s/es+Obj

Present Sentences Sita sings a song
tense Sita sings songs

G P English grammar36
 P.V. Structure Object+am/is/are+v3+by+Subject
Sentences A song is sung by Sita
Songs are sung by Sita.
2. Present A.V. Structure Subject+am/is/are+v+ing+Object
Continuous Sentences Sita is singing a song.
Tense Sita is singing songs
P.V. Structure Object+am/is/are+being+v3+by+Subject
Sentences A song is being sung by Sita
Songs are being sung by Sita.
3. Present A.V. Structure Subject+Has/Have+v3+Object

ar
Perfect Sentences Sita has sung a song
Tense Sita has sung songs
P.V. Structure Object+Has/Have+been+v3+by+Subject

m
Sentences A song has been sung by Sita
Songs have been sung by Sita.
Structure Subject+v2+Object

m
A.V. Sentences Sita sang a song
4. Simple Sita sang songs
Past Tense P.V. Structure Object+was/were+v3+by+subject

5. Past A.V.
Sentences

Structure
ra
A song was sung by Sita
Songs were sung by Sita.
Subject+was/were+v+ing+Object
g
Continuous Sentences Sita was singing a song
Tense Sita was singing songs
P.V. Structure Object+was/were+being+v3+by+subject
h

Sentences A song was being sung by Sita.

Songs were being sung by Sita.
lis

6. Past Perfect A.V. Structure Subject+had+v3+Object

Tense Sentences Sita had sung a song
Sita had sung songs
P.V. Structure Object+had+been+v3+by+Subject
ng

Sentences A song had been sung by Sita

Songs had been sung by Sita
7. Simple A.V. Structure Subject+will/shall+v1+Object
Future Sentences Sita will sing a song
E

Tense Sita will sing songs

P.V. Structure Object+will/shall+be+v3+by+Subject
Sentences A song will be sung by Sita
P

Songs will be sung by Sita.

8. Future A.V. Structure Subject+will/shall+have+v3+Object
G

Perfect Sentences Sita will have sung a song.

Tense Sita will have sung songs
P.V. Structure Object+will/shall+have+been+v3+by+Sub
Sentences A song will have been sung by Sita
Songs will have been sung by Sita.

1. Simple Present Tense

Passive structure:- Object+am/is/are+v3+by+Subject
Eg:- I play chess (A.V)
G P English grammar37
 Chess is played by me (P.V)
2.Raju likes sweets (A.V)
Sweets are liked by Raju. (P.V)
3.He invites me to the party. (P.V)
I am invited by him to the party. (P.V)
4.People speak English all over the world. (A.V)
English is spoken by people all over the world(P.V)
5. They sing songs. (A.V)
Songs are sung by them. (P.V)
2. Present continuous tense:-

ar
Passive structure:- Object+am/is/are+being+v3+by+Subject
Eg:- 1.He is teaching grammar. (A.V)
Grammar is being taught by him. (P.V)
2. They are repairing roads. (A.V)

m
Roads are being repaired by them. (P.V)
3. The gentleman is opening an account in our bank. (A.V)
An account is being opened by the gentleman in our bank. (P.V)

m
4. I am writing a good essay on pollution. (A.V)
A good essay is being written by me on pollution. (P.V)
3. Present perfect tense:-

A mango is eaten by him. ra

Passive structure:- Object+Has/Have+been+v3+by+Subject
Eg:-1. He has eaten a mango. (A.V)
(P.V)
g
2 They have advertised our products. (A.V)
Our products has been advertised by them. (P.V)
3. Police have arrested the thieves. (a.v)
h

The thieves have been arrested by police. (P.V)

4.Simple past tense:-
lis

Passive structure:- Object+was/were+v3+by+subject

Eg:-1.I wrote a story. (A.V)
A story was written by me. (P.V)
2.They built a house in their town. (A.V)
ng

A house was built by them in their town. (P.V)

3.Waterman invented a fountain pen in 1884. (A.V)
A fountain pen was invented by Waterman in 1884.(P.V)
4.R.K Narayan wrote many games. (A.V)
E

Many novels were written by R.K.Narayan. (P.V)

5. She taught us English grammar. (A.V)
We were taught English grammar by her. (P.V)
P

5. Past continuous tense:-

G

Passive structure:- Object+was/were+being+v3+by+subject

Eg:-1.I was eating a mango. (A.V)
A mango was being eaten by me. (p.v)
2. The watchman was cutting the trees in the garden. (A.V)
The trees were being cut by the watchman in the garden.(P.V)
3. The boy was buying notebooks. (A.V)
Note books were being bought by the boy. (P.V)

6. Past perfect tense:-

G P English grammar38
 Passive structure:- Object+had+been+v3+by+subject
Eg:-1.I had finished my work. (A.V)
My work had been finished by me. (P.V)
2. She had made many mistakes in the class. (A.V)
Many mistakes had been made by her in the class. (P.V)
3. She had sent a gift. (A.V)
A gift had been sent by her. (P.V)
7. Simple future tense:-
Passive structure:- Object+ will/shall+be+v3+by+Subject
Eg:-1. They will help us. (A.V)

ar
We shall be helped by them. (P.V)
2. I shall write a story. (A.V)
A story will be written by me. (P.V)
3.They will announced the results next week. (A.V)

m
The results will be announced by them next week. (P.V)
8. Future perfect tense:-
Passive structure:- Object+will/shall+have+been+v3+by+Sub

m
Eg:-1.I shall have written a novel by this time next year. (A.V)
A novel will have been written by me by this time next year. (P.V)
2. They will have completed his work. (A.V)

DOUBLE OBJECTS IN A.V AND P.V ra

His work will have been completed by them. (P.V)
g
Note: me, us, him, her, them, are called indirect objects.
(direct objet+ helping verb+v3+to+indirect object+by+subject)
or
h

(Indirect object+ helping verb+ v3+direct object +by + subject.)

E.g:-1.She gave me a book. (A.V)
lis

A book was given to me by her. (P.V)

I was given a book by her, (P.V)
2. Ramarao has taught us English. (A.V)
English has been taught to us by Ramarao. (p.v)
ng

We have been taught English by Ramarao. (P.V)

3. My grand mother told us a story. (A.V)
A story was told to us by my grandmother. (P.V)
We were told a story by my grandmother. (P.V)
E

IMPERATIVE TYPE
P

Passive structure:- (Let+obj+be+V3)

Eg:-1.Open the door. (A.V)
Let the door be opened. (P.V)
G

2. Show the picture. (A.V)

Let the picture be shown. (P.V)
3. Finish the work. (A.V)
Let the work be finished. (P.V)
4. Post this letter. (A.V)
Let this letter be posted. (P.V)

5. Sing a song. (A.V)

Let the song be sung. (P.V)
G P English grammar39
 REQUEST TYPE

Passive structure:- (you are requested to+ v1+obj)

Note:-- If the sentence begins with please answer begins with your requested to
Eg:- 1.please shut the door. (A.V)
You are requested to shut the door. (P.V)
2. Plese post this letter. (A.V)
You are requested to post this letter. (P.V)

WITH OUT USING ‘BY’ IN P.V

ar
E.g:- 1.Someone stole the box. (A.V)
The box was stolen. (P.V)
2. The police arrested the thief. (A.V)
The thief was arrested. (P.V)

m
3. Someone has seen the wind. (A.V)
The wind has been seen. (P.V)
4.Someone serve the food. (A.V)

m
The food is served. (P.V)
INERROGATIVE TYPE
1.Passive structure :-(helping verb+obj+V3+by+Sub)
Eg:-1.Does Sita sings a song?
Is a song sung by Sita?
2. Did they repair the radio? ra (A.V)
(P.V)
(A.V)
g
Was the radio repaired by them? (P.V)
3. Shall I write a story? (A.V)
Will a story be written by me? (P.V)
h

4. Are you making kites? (A.V)

Are kites being made by you? (P.V)
lis

5. Has Sita sung songs? (A.V)

Have songs been sung by Sita? (P.V)
6. Shall you have made kite? (A.V)
Will a kite have been made by you? (P.V)
ng

7. Must we pay this bill? (A.V)

Must this bill be paid by us? (P.V)
8. Are you reading this book? (A.V)
Is this book being read by you? (P.V)
E

9. Will Rama have written a novel? (A.V)

Will a novel have been written by Sita? (P.V)
10.Had Chitra sung songs? (A.V)
P

Had songs been sung by Chitra? (P.V)

2. ‘WH’ WORD QUESTIONS:-
Passive structure :-(‘Wh’ question word +helping verb+obj+V3+by+Sub)
G

Eg:- 1) How can you solve the problem. (A.V)

How can the problem be solved by you? (P.V)
2) Why did he buy that watch? (A.V)
Why was that watch bought by him? (P.V)
3) Who bought that watch? (A.V)
By whom that watch bought? (P.V)
4) When did they accept all demands? (A.V)
When were all demands accepted by them? (P.V)
5) Who gave you this book? (A.V)
G P English grammar40
 By whom was this book given to you? (P.V)

Examination model
Task – 1
1) They are milking the cows.

The cows______________________________________________________________

2) They are performing a yoga for the sake of rains.

A Yoga________________________________________________________________

ar
3) The members of the party discussed the matter.

m
The matter_____________________________________________________________

4) The Chiefguest is distinguishing the prizes.

m
The prizes_____________________________________________________________

5) The agreement satisfied the workers.

ra
The workers___________________________________________________________

6) We see Indians in many parts of the world.

g
Indians_____________________________________________________________
h

7) Australians defeated India in the world cup final.

lis

India_____________________________________________________________

8) Tagore wrote Geethanjali.

ng

Geethanjali ____________________________________________________________

9) Post this letter.

Let _____________________________________________________________
E

10) Siva told a story.

P

A story _____________________________________________________________
G

11) The manager will give you a ticket.

A ticket_____________________________________________________________

12) We are playing chess.

Chess_____________________________________________________________

13) Jyothi always sings Devotional Songs.

Devotional songs_______________________________________________________
G P English grammar41
14) R. K. Narayana writes English Novels.

English____________________________________________________________

15) She is bringing the water from the well.

The water_____________________________________________________________

16) The villagers saved many passengers.

ar
Many passengers_______________________________________________________

17) They were feeding the cows when I reached there.

m
The cows_____________________________________________________________

m
18) I know her.

She_____________________________________________________________

ra
g
h

Task – 2
lis

1) The children are distributing the pamphlets.

The pamphlets_______________________________________________________
ng

2) We cannot help the egoism of the Senses.

The egoism of the senses ________________________________________________

E
P

3) They are planting trees in the town .

Trees are _____________________________________________________________

G

4) Who taught him physics?

By whom_____________________________________________________________

5) Please help me.

You are _____________________________________________________________

6) Which films do you like the best?

G P English grammar42
 Which film is ___________________________________________________________

7) They were discussing the future of the party at the meeting.

The future of the party____________________________________________________

8) They have invented a news medicine for diabetes.

A new medicine_________________________________________________________

9) They are repairing the engine.

ar
The engine____________________________________________________________

10) They will inform all the winners individually.

m
All the winners__________________________________________________________

m
11) The electrician repaired the switch.

The switch_____________________________________________________________

12) They are examining the students.

ra
The students___________________________________________________________
g
13) The magician performed many thrilling tickets.
h

Many thrilling___________________________________________________________

14) They are helping many wounded persons.

lis

Many wounded persons______________________________________

15) Indians defeated Australia in the world cup final.

ng

Australia ____________________________________________________

16) The managing director gave the workers some bad news.
E

The workers ____________________________________________________

P

17) Explorers have made amazing discoveries.

Amazing discovery ____________________________________________________

G

18) They have made all the arrangements for the function.

All the arrangements____________________________________________________

Task - 3

1) The chief Minister gave the first prize to the best actor.

The first prize ____________________________________________________

G P English grammar43
 2) The prime minister will lay the foundation stone for the housing project.

The foundation stone______________________________________________________

3) They were discussing the future of the party at the meeting.

The future of the party ____________________________________________________

4) Everyone is discussing Pokharan explosion today.

Pokran explosion __________________________________________________________

ar
5) Government will computerize rail bookings all over the country by 2000..

Rail bookings ____________________________________________________________

m
6) They will inform all the winners individually

m
All the winners ____________________________________________________

7) They marked the first video disc in USA in 1980.

8) Azharuddin scored the winning run.

ra
The first video disc____________________________________________________
g
The winning run ____________________________________________________
h

9) Shakespeare introduced plays in the word.

Plays ____________________________________________________
lis

10) Ramesh is watching Hindi films onT.v.

Hindi films ____________________________________________________

ng

11) Mother Teresa received Nobel Prize.

Nobel prize____________________________________________________
E

12) Sita sings many wedding songs.

P

Many wedding songs ____________________________________________________

13) Cats Killed rats.

G

Rats ____________________________________________________

14) They have built several dams

Several dams ____________________________________________________

15) The principal will announce the results.

The results ____________________________________________________

G P English grammar44
 Task - 4

1. The carpenter is making a chair.

A chair _____________________________________________
2. I shall return your books in a week.
Your books __________________________________________
3. He painted his house all by himself
His house____________________________________________.
4. I hate her.
She ________________________________________________
5. He is writing a letter to his father.

ar
A letter ______________________________________________
6. I will do that work.
That work ___________________________________________

m
7. Please write the letter.
Your requested to _________________________________________
8. Who will bring a piece of chalk?

m
By whom ________________________________________________
9. They have started business.
Business _________________________________________________
10.

11.
Ramya gives me a book.

ra
I __________________________________________________________
She is singing a song.
A song ______________________________________________________
g
12. The mess serves lunch at 12noon.
Lunch ______________________________________________________
13. They are singing songs
h

Songs _______________________________________________________
14. R.K.Narayan has written many novels
lis

Many Novels __________________________________________________

15. The man is building the wall
The wall ______________________________________________________
ng

16. Let me see the picture

Let the picture ____________________________________________________
17. We love India
India _________________________________________________________
E

18. Give the order

Let the order _____________________________________________________
19. Please listen to me
P

You are requested to____________________________________________________

20. I shall punish you
You ____________________________________________________
G

Task – 5
1. Rajani has given me a present
I ____________________________________________________
2. He was writing a letter to his father
A letter ____________________________________________________
3. The nurse will look after the old man
The oldman ____________________________________________________
4. We except good news

G P English grammar45
 Good news____________________________________________________
5. She gave the beggar a rupee
The beggar ____________________________________________________
6. We should keep promise
Promess ____________________________________________________
7. Ravi accepted the gift

The gift ____________________________________________________

8. Who drew the picture in the wall?

ar
By whom ____________________________________________________

9. Please post this letter

m
You’re requested to ___________________________________________

10. The police were taking him to prison

m
He ____________________________________________________

11. Who wrote this poem?

ra
By whom ____________________________________________________
g
12. A car knocked down the child

The child ____________________________________________________

h

13. He hurt his leg in an accident

lis

His leg ____________________________________________________

14. Who killed the snake?

ng

By whom ____________________________________________________

15. Shut the door

E

Let the door _________________________________________________

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

P

Direct speech:-Direct speech is the conversation between two persons about each other.
E.g.:-Vani said to Rani “I am going to college now”
G

Indirect speech: - Indirect speech is the conversation between two persons about third
person. This is also called reported speech.
E.g.:-Vani told Rani that she was going to college then.

Rules for changing direct speech (D.S) in to Indirect speech (I.D.S):-

While changing a sentence from D.S in to I.D.S certain rules have to be followed as
follows.
1. Quotation marks “”must be removed.
G P English grammar46
 2. There are four types of sentences in reported part so the conjunctions should be used
as follow:-
S.No Sentences Direct Indirect speech conjunctions
speech
1 Assertive sentence said said that
said to told
2 Interrogative sentence said Asked if/whether
(helping verbs + w.h ) said to questioned wh words
said to enquired
3 Imperative sentence said Requested positive(to)/

ar
(positive +negative) said to ordered negative(not
commanded to)
instructed
warned

m
suggested
4 Exclamatory sentence said Exclaimed that
said to

m
3.Change of tense:-
Direct speech
1. Simple present
Am, is, are, have, has
ra
Indirect speech
simple past
was, were, had
g
2. Present continuous past continuous
3. Present perfect past perfect
4. Present perfect continuous past perfect continuous
h

5. Simple past (ate V2) past perfect (had eaten V3)

lis

4.Change of model verbs:-

D.S I.D.S D.S I.D.S

Shall should will would
ng

Should should would would

Can could may might
Could could might might
Must had to
E

4. Change of pronouns:- Pronouns and possessive adjectives in first person, and second
P

person should be into third person. Observe the following table

G

s.no Person Singular Plural

1.speaker I(sub) he,she
(obj) him/her
my (sub) his/her
my self himself/herself
me him/her
2.listener you(sub) he/she they
you(obj) him/her them

G P English grammar47
 your him/her their
3.we they
us them
our their
our selves them selves

6.Change of (adverbs) nearness to distance (or) time and place indicators:

Direct Speech Indirect speech

this that

ar
these those
now then
here there

m
today that day
yesterday the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day

m
last night the previous night
tonight that night
thus so

ra
Model-I
ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (D.S to I.D.S)
g
1. He said “I am busy today” (D.S)
He said that he was busy that day. (I.D.S)
2. Raju said to Rani “I will come to your house tomorrow”. (D.S)
h

Raju told Rani that he would come to her house the next day.(I.D.S)
3. My uncle said “I take the idles this morning”. (D.S)
lis

My uncle said that he took idles. (I.D.S)

4. Sita said to her husband “I like sweets”. (D.S)
Sita told her husband that she liked sweets. (I.D.S)
5. My grandfather said “I drank coffee”. (D.S)
ng

My grandfather said that he had drunk coffee. (I.D.S)

6. A wife said to her husband “I have seen this film twice”. (D.S)
A wife told her husband she had seen that film twice. (I.D.S)
7. The porter said that “The train will be late by tomorrow”. (D.S)
E

The porter said that the train would be late by the next day. (I.D.S)

MODEL -2
P

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
a) YES OR NO TYPE QUESTIONS:-
G

1. The girl asked him, “Can you sing with me?” (D.S)
The girl asked him if he could sing with her. (I.D.S)
2. The teacher asked the students, “Are you all going to the picnic?” (D.S)
The teacher asked the students if they were all going to the picnic. (I.D.S)
3. She said to me, “Do you like music?” (D.S)
She asked me if I liked music. (I.D.S)
4. The teacher said the boys, “Hence you finished your work”? (D.S)
The teacher asked the boys if they had finished their work. (I.D.S)
5. He asked me, “Do you know English”? (D.S)
G P English grammar48
 He asked me if I knew English. (I.D.S)
6. The stranger said to me, “Can you tell me the way to railway station”? (D.S)
The stranger asked me if I could tell the way to railway station. (I.D.S)
7. John said to Ram, “Will you play chess with me?” (D.S)
John asked Ram if he would play with him. (I.D.S)
b). “WH” QUESTIONS:-
1. She said to me, “Where can we buy samosas?”
She asked me where they could buy samosas.
2. Latha said, “when are you going to college?’
Latha asked when they were going to college.

ar
3. She said to them, “What should we do now?”
She asked them what they should do then.

NOTE:- When “Do, does and did” are used as auxiliary verbs in direct speech, they are

m
omitted in indirect speech.
E.g:-1. He asked me, “Where does your father live?”
He asked me where my lived.

m
2. He said to me, “how many brothers do you have?”
He asked me how many brothers you had.
3. The doctor said to the patient, “What did you eat yesterday?”

ra
The doctor asked the patient what he had eaten the previous day.

NOTE:-If the direct speech begins with who, what or which followed by a form of ‘be’ as
g
the main verb, the verb is placed at the end of the sentence.
E.g- 1.He said to her, “Who is your English teacher?”
He asked her who her English teacher was.
h

2. She said to me, “what is your name?”

She asked me what my name was.
lis

MODEL 3
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
Note: .The change of tense is not applicable for imperative sentences.
ng

E.g:-1.She said to me, “Please shut the door”

She requested me to shut the door.
2. The lecturer said to the students, “Use the Oxford dictionary.”
The lecturer advised the students to use the Oxford dictionary.
E

3. The teacher said, “Keep your clothes clean.”

The teacher advised to keep your clothes clean.
MODEL 4
P

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
Eg:- He said, “How beautiful picture it is!” (D.S)
He said that it was very beautiful picture. (I.D.S)
G

He said, “How nice it is!”

He said that it was very nice.

EXERCISES
1. Rama said, “I am going to kadapa.”
Rama said …………………………………………………………………………
2. He said to her, “I hate you.”
He told her …………………………………………………………………………
G P English grammar49
3. She said to me, ‘please open the door.”
She told me…………………………………………………………………………
4. They said, “We will help you.”
They said …………………………………………………………………………
5. He said to me, “Do you play chess?”
He asked me …………………………………………………………………………
6. He said to her, “Who is your English teacher?”
He asked her …………………………………………………………………………
7. He asked me, “Where does your father live?”
He asked me …………………………………………………………………………

ar
8. He said to me, “ How many brothers have you?”
He asked me …………………………………………………………………………
9. He said, “I saw your purse here on the table yesterday.”
He said …………………………………………………………………………

m
10. Sreenu said to Ramu, “ I will come tomorrow.:
Sreenu told Ramu …………………………………………………………………………
11. His sister said to him, “I have never seen a tiger.”

m
His sister told him …………………………………………………………………………
12. The girl asked him, “ can you sing with me?”
The girl asked him …………………………………………………………………………
13. She said to me, “Do you like music?”
She asked me …………………………………………………………………………
ra
14. My uncle said to me “Did you see the news paper this morning?”
g
My uncle asked me …………………………………………………………………………

15. The doctor asked the patient “Did you eat anything this morning?”
h

The doctor asked the patient …………………………………………………………………………

lis

16. Who is going to answer my question? The teacher said.

The teacher asked______________________________________________________

ng

17. “Have you no manners?” Shouted the woman angrily.

The woman shouted …………………………………………………………………………

E

18. “Why did you come late?” said the teacher to Anupama.

The teacher asked Anupama …………………………………………………………………………

P

19. “ Why don’t you get vaccinated?” The doctor asked.

G

The doctor asked me …………………………………………………………………………

20. “Do you go to Agra this year?” She said Kamal.

She asked Kamala …………………………………………………………………………

21. “Did you ever see the chairminar?” Said Murali to Gopi.

Murali asked Gopal …………………………………………………………………………

G P English grammar50
22. “What is the reason for his behaviour?” She asked.

She asked me …………………………………………………………………………

23. She said to him “Sita went to her house.”

She told him …………………………………………………………………………

24. “When I will your father return from work?” the old man said to the girl.

Man asked the girl …………………………………………………………………………

ar
25. “Do you believe in life after death?” Said the master to his servant.

The master asked his servant …………………………………………………………………………

m
26. “Can you lend me some money?” The old man asked me.

m
The old man asked me …………………………………………………………………………

27. Saradhi Saidto his Mother “ I will get first rank in my Class?”

ra
Saradhi told his mother his mother ………………………………………………………………

28. “Don’t read so fast?” Said the teacher to me.

g
The teacher asked me …………………………………………………………………………
h

29. “May godbless you.” The preacher Said.

The preacher exclaimed …………………………………………………………………………

lis

30. “ I will come to your house next week”. Prathap said to Ravi.

Prathap told Ravi …………………………………………………………………………

ng

31. My mother Said to sister ”Have you posteed the letters?”

My mother asked sister …………………………………………………………………………

E

32. He Said “ Where are you going?”

P

He asked me …………………………………………………………………………

33. He said “ What are you doing?”

G

He asked me …………………………………………………………………………

34. He said “ I am coming today”.

He said that …………………………………………………………………………

35. “Where do you live?” asked the stranger.

The stranger asked me …………………………………………………………………………

G P English grammar51
 36. “Aren’t we meeting this afternoon?” Rita asked her manager.

Rita asked her manager …………………………………………………………………………

37. “Come over for dinner”. My friend said.

My friend told me …………………………………………………………………………

38. “ The time is 90 clock” the man said.

The man said that …………………………………………………………………………

ar
39. “Do you prefer coffee to tea?”She said.

She asked me …………………………………………………………………………

m
40. “Will you let me ride alone?”I said to mourad.

m
I asked Mourad …………………………………………………………………………

41. The stranger said to me “ Do you have one rupee note?”

ra
The stranger asked me …………………………………………………………………………

42. “Are you going to school today?” he said to me

g
He asked me …………………………………………………………………………
h
lis

DEGREES OF COMPARISON
There are three kinds of degrees of comparison in English.
ng

They are 1). Positive degree

2). Comparative degree
3). Superlative degree
E

1). Positive degree (P.D):- Positive degree is used to denote the equality or inequality between
two persons, places, and things
Eg:- 1.Rohith is as tall as Rahim. (Equality)
P

2. Lokesh is not as tall as Rohith (inequality)

G

2).Comparative deree(C.D) :-Comparitive degree is used to denote the superiority or inferiority

between two persons, places and things.
Eg:-1. Rohith si taller than Lokesh.
2. Rajampet is larger than Pullampet.
3). Superlative degree(S.D):- Superlative degree is used to denote the uniqueness of a person
among the all others
Eg. 1. America is the richest country in the world.
5. Sita is one of the cleverest girls in the class.

G P English grammar52
 POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
RULE : high higher Highest
Single tall taller Tallest
syllable bold bolder Boldest
adjectives kind kinder Kindest
are added hard harder Hardest
by ‘er’ & sweet sweeter Sweetest
‘est’. small smaller Smallest
clever cleverer Cleverest
young younger Youngest

ar
great greater Greatest
thick thicker Thickest

m
positive comparative superlative
RULE : The brave braver Bravest
adjectives, sure surer Surest

m
end with ‘e’, able abler Ablest
are simply fine finer Finest
added by ‘r’ wise wiser Wisest
& ‘st’ white
large
noble
dense
ra
whiter
larger
nobler
denser
Whitest
Largest
Noblest
Densest
g
pure purer Purest
rare rarer Rarest
h

RULE : hot hotter Hottest

When an slim slimmer Slimmest
lis

adjective fat fatter Fattest

ends with a thin thinner Thinnest
‘consonant’, sad sadder Saddest
preceded by big bigger Biggest
ng

a ‘vowel’,
the
consonant
must be
E

doubled and
then write
‘er’ & ‘est’
P

RULE : easy easier Easiest

When an holy holier Holiest
adjective happy happier Happiest
G

ends with ‘y’ merry merrier Merriest

preceded by wealthy wealthier Wealthiest
a heavy heavier Heaviest
‘consonant’ worthy worthier Worthiest
‘y’ is silly sillier Silliest
replaced by lovely lovelier Loveliest
‘ier’ & ‘iest’ jolly jollier Jolliest
dry drier Driest
Some gay gayer Gayest
G P English grammar53