J-Link

Reference manual for

J-Link USB Protocol

Document RM08001-R7
Date: October 8, 2010

A product of SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG

www.segger.com
2 CHAPTER

Disclaimer
Specifications written in this document are believed to be accurate, but are not guar-
anteed to be entirely free of error. The information in this manual is subject to
change for functional or performance improvements without notice. Please make sure
your manual is the latest edition. While the information herein is assumed to be
accurate, SEGGER MICROCONTROLLER GmbH & Co. KG (the manufacturer) assumes
no responsibility for any errors or omissions. The manufacturer makes and you
receive no warranties or conditions, express, implied, statutory or in any communica-
tion with you. The manufacturer specifically disclaims any implied warranty of mer-
chantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Copyright notice
You may not extract portions of this manual or modify the PDF file in any way without
the prior written permission of the manufacturer. The software described in this doc-
ument is furnished under a license and may only be used or copied in accordance
with the terms of such a license.
© 2010 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG, Hilden / Germany

Trademarks
Names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respec-
tive holders.
Contact address
SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG
In den Weiden 11
D-40721 Hilden
Germany
Tel.+49 2103-2878-0
Fax.+49 2103-2878-28
Email: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.segger.com
Document revisions
For further information on topics or routines not yet specified, please contact us.

Revision Date By Explanation

0 080523 OO Initial version
Chapter "Background information": Added JTAG
1 080526 OO buffer description.
Some minor changes.
2 080527 OO Some minor changes.
Split chapter "USB communication" into chapter
3 090520 OO "USB" and chapter "Emulator protocol".
Some minor changes.
Chapter "Emulator protocol"
* Section "Protocol commands" updated.
4 090526 AG
* Section "Get system information functions"
updated.

RM08001 Reference manual for J-Link USB Protocol © 2010 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG
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Revision Date By Explanation

Chapter "Emulator protocol"
5 090527 AG
* Section "Protocol commands" updated.
Chapter "Emulator protocol"
6 090616 AG * Section "Protocol commands"
updated/corrected.
Chapter "Emulator protocol"
* Added EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF
7 101008 OO
* Updated EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 for SWD
usage.

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About this document

Assumptions
This document assumes that you already have a solid knowledge of the following:
• The software tools used for building your application (assembler, linker, C com-
piler)
• The target processor.
How to use this manual
This manual explains all the functions and macros that the product offers. It assumes
you have a working knowledge of the C language. Knowledge of assembly program-
ming is not required.
Typographic conventions for syntax
This manual uses the following typographic conventions:

Style Used for

Body Body text.

Text that you enter at the command-prompt or that appears on the

Keyword
display (that is system functions, file- or pathnames).

Parameter Parameters in API functions.

Sample Sample code in program examples.

Reference to chapters, sections, tables and figures or other docu-

Reference
ments.

GUIElement Buttons, dialog boxes, menu names, menu commands.

Emphasis Very important sections

Table 1.1: Typographic conventions

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................9
1.1 How to use this manual ............................................................................ 10
1.2 Purpose of this document ......................................................................... 10
1.3 Features of J-Link ARM ............................................................................. 10

2 Licensing........................................................................................................................11
2.1 License terms.......................................................................................... 12

3 Background information .................................................................................................13

3.1 JTAG scan chain values ............................................................................ 14
3.2 Emulator configuration ............................................................................. 16
3.3 JTAG data buffers .................................................................................... 17

4 USB................................................................................................................................19
4.1 USB communication overview.................................................................... 20
4.2 USB transactions ..................................................................................... 21
4.3 Using USBLib .......................................................................................... 22

5 Emulator protocol...........................................................................................................23
5.1 Communication protocol overview.............................................................. 24
5.2 Protocol commands.................................................................................. 25
5.3 Get system information functions............................................................... 27
5.4 Get state information functions.................................................................. 35
5.5 JTAG & Hardware functions ....................................................................... 39
5.6 Target functions ...................................................................................... 57
5.7 Configuration functions............................................................................. 66

6 Glossary.........................................................................................................................69

7 Literature and references...............................................................................................73

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Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter describes the purpose of this manual and the J-Link ARM emulator which
uses the J-Link USB Protocol.

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10 CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.1 How to use this manual

This manual describes the J-Link USB Protocol used in J-Link products and how it is
used.
In the course of this document the J-Link ARM is refered to as emulator.

1.2 Purpose of this document

The purpose of this document is to allow developers of open source software such as
OpenOCD to write software which uses J-Link as debug interface.
This document gives an overview about the J-Link USB communication and how it
can be used in your application. Sample communications to almost each command
description should give you an idea of the data transferred via USB between J-Link
and host.

1.3 Features of J-Link ARM

J-Link provides a feature rich list of functions to simplify the
debugging process. All important functions which are used by
the SEGGER software are useable via the USB protocol.
J-Link ARM has many features:
•USB 2.0 interface
•Any ARM7/ARM9 core supported, including thumb mode
•Automatic core recognition
•Maximum JTAG speed 12 MHz
•Download speed up to 720 Kbytes/second *
•DCC speed up to 800 Kbytes/second *
•No power supply required, powered through USB
•Auto speed recognition
•Support for adaptive clocking
•All JTAG signals can be monitored, target voltage can be mea-
sured
•Support for multiple devices
•Fully plug and play compatible
•A Standard 20-pin JTAG connector
•Optional 14-pin JTAG adapter available
•Wide target voltage range: 1.2V - 3.3V
•Optional adapter for 5V targets available
* = Measured with J-Link Rev.5, ARM7 @ 50 MHz, 12MHz JTAG speed.

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Chapter 2

Licensing

This chapter gives information about the licensing terms under which this document
is published.

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12 CHAPTER 2 Licensing

2.1 License terms

The information in this document may only be used when fully agreeing to the terms
mentioned in this chapter.
Please note that the SEGGER J-Link software is copyrighted and may be used with
original SEGGER J-Links and legal OEM versions only. For details, please refer to the
License terms in License.txt which comes with the J-Link software and documenta-
tion pack.
In case of doubt, please contact us: [email protected] .

2.1.1 What you may do

You may use the information contained in this document to add support for the wide
spread SEGGER J-Link ARM emulator and OEM versions in open source software.

2.1.2 What you are not allowed to do

You are not allowed to use the information in this document to
• build J-Link clones
• build J-Link compatible emulators.

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Chapter 3

Background information

This chapter provides information required to understand parameters for certain USB
commands when working with the J-Link emulator.

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14 CHAPTER 3 Background information

3.1 JTAG scan chain values

Some JTAG-related commands need an IRpre and DevicePos parameter. These values
describe the position of a device in the scan chain and the shift count to reach that
device.
The diagram below shows a scan chain configuration sample with 2 devices con-
nected to the JTAG port.

TDI Device 1 TDO TDI Device 0 TDO

TRST

TRST
TMS

TMS
TCK

TCK
TRST
TMS
TCK

TDI TDO

JTAG

3.1.1 IRPre
The IRPre value is the total number of bits in the instruction registers of the devices
before the DUT counted from nearest device to TDO. The position can usually be seen
in the schematic; the IR len can be found in the manual supplied by the manufactur-
ers of the other devices.
ARM7 and ARM9 have an IR len of four.
For systems with just a single device, IRPre is 0.
For an example using the IRpre value please refer to the paragraph Scan chain exam-
ple on page 15.

3.1.2 DevicePos
The DevicePos value of the DUT is the amount of devices in the scan chain before the
DUT, counted from nearest device to TDO.
For systems with just a single device, DevicePos is 0.
For an example using the DevicePos value please refer to the paragraph Scan chain
example on page 15.

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3.1.3 Scan chain example

The following table shows a few sample configurations with 1,2 and 3 devices in dif-
ferent configurations. The DUT is marked in blue.

Device 0 Device 1 Device 2 IR len

DevicePos
(IR len) (IR len) (IR len) (IRpre)
ARM(4) - - 0 0
ARM(4) Xilinx(8) - 0 0
Xilinx(8) ARM(4) - 1 8
Xilinx(8) Xilinx(8) ARM(4) 2 16
ARM(4) Xilinx(8) ARM(4) 0 0
ARM(4) Xilinx(8) ARM(4) 2 12
Xilinx(8) ARM(4) Xilinx(8) 1 8
Table 3.1: Example scan chain

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16 CHAPTER 3 Background information

3.2 Emulator configuration

Emulator configuration is a 256 byte non-volatile memory area which can be read
and written via USB. It holds the emulator configuration that was setup for your J-
Link. The following table shows the current configuration offsets and their meanings.

Offset Values Explanation

USB-Address of the emulator.
0x00 - 0x03 : USB-Address 0-3
0x00 Allows usage of more than one
0xFF : Default
J-Link at the same time.
0x01 - 0x03 0xFF Reserved
0xFFFFFFFF : Default, on if J-Link KS
0x04 - 0x07 0x00000000 : Off Kickstart power on JTAG-pin 19.
0x00000001 : On
0x08 - 0x1F 0xFF Reserved
IP-Address in hex format.
0x20 - 0x23 IP-Address (only for J-Link Pro).
0xFFFFFFFF if not configured.
Subnet mask in hex format. Subnetmask (only for J-Link
0x24 - 0x27
0xFFFFFFFF if not configured. Pro).
0x28 - 0x2F 0xFF Reserved
MAC-Address MAC-Address (only for J-Link
0x30 - 0x35
0xFFFFFFFFFFFF if not configured. Pro).
0x36 - 0xFF 0xFF Reserved
Table 3.2: Emulator configuration overview

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3.3 JTAG data buffers

The J-Link has three JTAG data buffers. Two of these are output buffers used for TMS
and TDI, the third is an input buffer for TDO data. To work with the J-Link, an under-
standing of the buffers and the way the data is stored in them is quite useful.

3.3.1 Explanation of terms

In this document input and output buffers are seen from host perspective.
Input buffer
The input buffer stores the incoming TDO signals from the device.
Output buffer
Output buffers stores TMS and TDI signals which are transferred to the device.

3.3.2 Organization of buffers

Model of JTAG Buffer:

byte0 b7 ... ... ... ... ... ... b0

byte1 b15 ... ... ... ... ... ... b8
byte2 b23 ... ... ... ... ... ... b16
byte3 b31 ... ... ... ... ... ... b24
byte4 b39 ... ... ... ... ... ... b32
byte5 b47 ... ... ... ... ... ... b40
byte6 b55 ... ... ... ... ... ... b48
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

All three JTAG data buffers are organized the same way:
Bit n of the bit stream is stored in byte n/8, bit n%8. This means the first byte is sent
first, least significant bit (lsb) first.
The same thing is true for data received: The first bit received is the lsb of byte 0.
Size of buffers
All buffers are big enough to hold 2 KByte of data.

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Chapter 4

USB

This chapter explains the USB communication and specifics which have to be taken
care of when using USB communication under Windows and other operating systems.

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20 CHAPTER 4 USB

4.1 USB communication overview

J-Link uses USB bulk communication to transfer data between host and J-Link.
Various specifics which are mandatory are explained in this section.

4.1.1 USB endpoints

Newer J-Links use 2 bulk endpoints, one for "IN" (EP1) and one for "OUT" (EP2) com-
munication whereas old J-Links (V3, V4) only use one endpoint (EP1) for "IN" and
"OUT" communication. Data direction is seen from host side so "IN" means from the
J-Link to the host.
The following table gives a quick overview which hardware version uses what USB
endpoints:

Endpoint used Endpoint used

Hardware version
for "IN" for "OUT"
J-Link V3 / J-Link V4 1 1
J-Link V5 and versions above 1 2
J-Link compatible hardware
1 2
(Flasher ARM, J-Trace,...)
Table 4.1: USB endpoint overview

4.1.2 Using different operating systems

Depending on the operating system being used, there are different ways to commu-
nicate with the J-Link via USB.
It is possible to use J-Link under almost every operating system as long as there is a
USB bulk driver which allows communication with the J-Link.
Using a Windows operating system
Using Windows for communication with the J-Link you will need to have a USB bulk
kernel mode driver as Windows does not come with such a feature aboard. This
driver, named the J-Link USB driver, is shipped together with the Windows version of
the J-Link software package.
Using a non Windows operating system
Using an operating system other than Windows you will have to find an other way to
operate the J-Link via USB. Under different operating systems there is a freeware
package called "USBLib" available which allows you to communicate with the J-Link.

4.1.3 Endianess
All data units larger than a single byte are transferred little endian, meaning least
significant bytes are transferred first.
U16 Example
U16 data to send:
0xCDEF
Data sent via USB:
EF CD

U32 Example
U32 data to send:
0x12345678
Data sent via USB:
78 56 34 12

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4.2 USB transactions

If multiple bytes are send to the emulator or send by the emulator, there is a choice:
The information can be send in a single transaction or in multiple transactions. So
both sides are free to send data in one or more transactions. However, due to the
long USB latencies, it is recommended to use as few transactions as possible.

4.2.1 Timeout
J-Link uses a 5 second timeout for all USB operations.
This means that every command needs to be completed within 5 seconds. If 5 sec-
onds is too short (for example for a long JTAG sequence at a low speed) the JTAG
sequence needs to be split into 2 or more shorter sequences.

4.2.2 USB latency

The two most important limiting factors in communication between the host and the
emulator are:
• USB Transmission speed
• USB latency
The transmission speed is fixed to 12MHz and allows transmission of up to app.
1MByte/sec. This is sufficient for fast operation of the emulator.
The USB latency is more of a problem. Since the host schedules USB transactions in
frames of 1ms for full speed and 125us for high speed connections, the average
latency is 2ms for full speed and 250us for high speed connections. This means that
even a small transaction of 1byte typically takes 2ms on full speed connection and it
also means that minimizing the number of transactions to the minimum required is
desirable.

4.2.3 OUT transaction (downstream)

In an OUT-transaction, the host sends data to the emulator.
This is a pretty straightforward process; if the host wants to send a number of bytes
to the J-Link, it can simply start such a write transaction.
The maximum size of one transaction is 0xFFFF bytes.

4.2.4 IN-transaction
In an IN-transaction, the host requests data from the emulator. This is a is a more
tricky process.
The maximum size of one transaction is 0x8000 bytes.
A transaction is followed by a 0-byte packet if the transaction size is a multiple of 64
bytes, but not the maximum packet size.

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4.3 Using USBLib

USBLib is freeware and can be used on most platforms.
Again, downstream (OUT-) transactions are unproblematic.
For upstream (IN-) transactions, transaction termination needs to be handled cor-
rectly.
One easy way of doing so is to not request multiples of 64 bytes.
So if 256 bytes need to be read from the J-Link, instead 255 bytes, then 1 byte could
be read.

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Chapter 5

Emulator protocol

This chapter explains the communication protocol used by the J-Link emulator to
communicate with the host.

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24 CHAPTER 5 Emulator protocol

5.1 Communication protocol overview

The J-Link firmware uses several commands to communicate with the host software.
The communication is always initiated by the host. The host sends an U8 command to
the emulator followed by parameters beeing known to be needed by this command.
The firmware retrieves the first byte from the buffer, containing the command and
executes the proper functions. The parameters expected are read from the communi-
cation buffer by the subroutines that are called through the command. Return values
are sent back via USB.

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5.2 Protocol commands

The list below gives an overview about the usable commands:

Define Value Explanation

Get system information functions
EMU_CMD_VERSION 0x01 Retrieves the firmware version.
Retrieves the base freq. and the min.
EMU_CMD_GET_SPEEDS 0xC0
divider of the emulator CPU.
Retrieves the maximum memory block-
EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK 0xD4
size.
EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS 0xE8 Retrieves capabilities of the emulator.
Retrieves capabilities (including
EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX 0xED
extended ones) of the emulator.
Retrieves the hardware version of the
EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION 0xF0
emulator.
Get state information functions
EMU_CMD_GET_STATE 0x07 Retrieves voltage and JTAG pin states.
EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO 0xC1 Retrieves hardware information.
EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS 0xC2 Retrieves target connection counters.
EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT 0xF6 Measures RTCK reaction time.
JTAG & Hardware functions
EMU_CMD_RESET_TRST 0x02 Resets TRST.
EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED 0x05 Sets the JTAG speed.
Selects the target interface or retrieves
EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF 0xC7
current configured target interface.
EMU_CMD_SET_KS_POWER 0x08 Sets KS power to on or off.
EMU_CMD_HW_CLOCK 0xC8 Generates one clock and retrieves TDI.
EMU_CMD_HW_TMS0 0xC9 Clears TMS.
EMU_CMD_HW_TMS1 0xCA Sets TMS.
EMU_CMD_HW_DATA0 0xCB Clears TDI.
EMU_CMD_HW_DATA1 0xCC Sets TDI.
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG 0xCD Handles JTAG connection.
Handles JTAG connection with word
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2 0xCE
aligned data transfers.
Handles JTAG connection with word
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 0xCF aligned data transfers and return
value.
Same as EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 but with-
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE 0xD5
out response data on TDO.
Receive status of sticky error bit which
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT 0xD6 is handled by
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE.
EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0 0xDE Activates TRST.
EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1 0xDF Deactivates TRST.
EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC 0xF1 Writes to JTAG using DCC.
Target functions
EMU_CMD_RESET_TARGET 0x03 Resets the target.
EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_ST Resets the CPU and halts as soon as its
0xD0
OP_EX possible or the timeout expires.
EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_ST Resets the CPU and halts as soon as its
0XD1
OP_TIMED possible or the timeout expires.
EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0 0xDC Activates target reset.
Table 5.1: Protocol command overview

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Define Value Explanation

EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1 0xDD
Deactivates target reset.
EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS 0xE9
Retrieves capabilities of the CPU.
EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD 0xEA
Executes a CPU command.
EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM 0xF4
Writes to target memory.
EMU_CMD_READ_MEM 0xF5
Reads from target memory.
Writes to target memory on ARM 7/9
EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79 0xF7
targets.
Reads from target memory on ARM 7/9
EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79 0xF8
targets.
Configuration functions
EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG 0xF2 Reads the emulator configuration.
EMU_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG 0xF3 Writes the emulator configuration.
Table 5.1: Protocol command overview

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5.3 Get system information functions

These commands are used to retrieve information about the firmware used by the
emulator.

5.3.1 EMU_CMD_VERSION
Description
Retrieves the length and content of the firmware version string of the emulator.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x01
Table 5.2: EMU_CMD_VERSION command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Length of the firmware string in bytes.
H<-E 1 * U16 NumBytes
Typically 0x70 .
<NumBytes>
H<-E Version Firmware version string.
* U8
Table 5.3: EMU_CMD_VERSION response overview

Additional information
This is typically the first command sent.
Sample communication
Retrieve firmware string command.
H->E: 01
Returns the firmware string length.
H<-E: 70
Returns the firmware string.
H<-E: 4A 2D 4C 69 6E 6B 20 63 6F 6D 70 69 6C 65 64 20 J-Link compiled
44 65 63 20 30 33 20 32 30 30 37 20 31 37 3A 31 Dec 03 2007 17:1
35 3A 33 31 20 41 52 4D 20 52 65 76 2E 35 00 00 5:31 ARM Rev.5..
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................

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5.3.2 EMU_CMD_GET_SPEEDS
Description
Retrieves the base freq. and the min. divider of the emulator CPU.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC0
Table 5.4: EMU_CMD_GET_SPEEDS command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U32 BaseFreq Retrieves the base frequency of emulator CPU.
H<-E 1 * U16 MinDiv Retrieves the min. divider of emulator CPU.
Table 5.5: EMU_CMD_GET_SPEEDS response overview

Sample communication
Retrieve base freq. and min. divider of emulator CPU.
H->E: C0
Returns 48MHz base freq. with min. divider of 4.
H<-E: 00 6C DC 02 04 00

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5.3.3 EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK
Description
Retrieves the maximum memory blocksize.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xD4
Table 5.6: EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U32 MaxSize Returned maximum block size.
Table 5.7: EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK response overview

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5.3.4 EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS
Description
Retrieves capabilities of the emulator.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xE8
Table 5.8: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U32 Caps Capabilities supported by the emulator.
Table 5.9: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS response overview

Additional information
The capability flags used are described in the table below:

Bit Define Explanation

0 EMU_CAP_RESERVED Always 1.
Supports command
1 EMU_CAP_GET_HW_VERSION
"EMU_CMD_GET_HARDWARE_VERSION"
Supports command
2 EMU_CAP_WRITE_DCC
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC"
3 EMU_CAP_ADAPTIVE_CLOCKING Supports adaptive clocking
Supports command
4 EMU_CAP_READ_CONFIG
"EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG"
Supports command
5 EMU_CAP_WRITE_CONFIG
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG"
6 EMU_CAP_TRACE Supports trace commands
Supports command
7 EMU_CAP_WRITE_MEM
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM"
Supports command
8 EMU_CAP_READ_MEM
"EMU_CMD_READ_MEM"
Supports command
9 EMU_CAP_SPEED_INFO
"EMU_CMD_GET_SPEED"
10 EMU_CAP_EXEC_CODE Supports commands "EMU_CMD_CODE_..."
Supports command
11 EMU_CAP_GET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
"EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE"
Supports commands
12 EMU_CAP_GET_HW_INFO
"EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO"
Supports commands
13 EMU_CAP_SET_KS_POWER
"EMU_CMD_SET_KS_POWER"
Supports commands
14 EMU_CAP_RESET_STOP_TIMED "EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_TI
MED"
15 - Reserved
Supports commands
16 EMU_CAP_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT
"EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT"
Supports command
17 EMU_CAP_SELECT_IF
"EMU_CMD_HW_SELECT_IF"
Table 5.10: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS flag overview

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Bit Define Explanation

Supports command
18 EMU_CAP_RW_MEM_ARM79 "EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79",
"EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79"
Supports command
19 EMU_CAP_GET_COUNTERS
"EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS"
20 EMU_CAP_READ_DCC Supports command "EMU_CMD_READ_DCC"
Supports command
21 EMU_CAP_GET_CPU_CAPS
"EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS"
Supports command
22 EMU_CAP_EXEC_CPU_CMD
"EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD"
23 EMU_CAP_SWO Supports command "EMU_CMD_SWO"
Supports command
24 EMU_CAP_WRITE_DCC_EX
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC_EX"
Supports command
25 EMU_CAP_UPDATE_FIRMWARE_EX
"EMU_CMD_UPDATE_FIRMWARE_EX"
26 EMU_CAP_FILE_IO Supports command "EMU_CMD_FILE_IO"
27 EMU_CAP_REGISTER Supports command "EMU_CMD_REGISTER"
Supports command
28 EMU_CAP_INDICATORS
"EMU_CMD_INDICATORS"
Supports command
29 EMU_CAP_TEST_NET_SPEED
"EMU_CMD_TEST_NET_SPEED"
30 EMU_CAP_RAWTRACE Supports command "EMU_CMD_RAWTRACE"
31 - Reserved
Table 5.10: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS flag overview

Sample communication
Retrieve emulator capabilities.
H->E: E8
Returns all capabilities except trace commands.
H<-E: BF 7F FF 3B

5.3.5 EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX
Description
Retrieves extended capabilities of the emulator.

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Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xED
Table 5.11: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 32 * U8 Caps Capabilities supported by the emulator.
Table 5.12: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX response overview

Additional information
The capability flags used are described in the table below:

Bit Define Explanation

0 EMU_CAP_EX_RESERVED Always 1.
Supports command
1 EMU_CAP_EX_GET_HW_VERSION
"EMU_CMD_GET_HARDWARE_VERSION"
Supports command
2 EMU_CAP_EX_WRITE_DCC
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC"
EMU_CAP_EX_ADAPTIVE_CLOCKI
3 Supports adaptive clocking
NG
Supports command
4 EMU_CAP_EX_READ_CONFIG
"EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG"
Supports command
5 EMU_CAP_EX_WRITE_CONFIG
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG"
6 EMU_CAP_EX_TRACE Supports trace commands
Supports command
7 EMU_CAP_EX_WRITE_MEM
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM"
Supports command
8 EMU_CAP_EX_READ_MEM
"EMU_CMD_READ_MEM"
Supports command
9 EMU_CAP_EX_SPEED_INFO
"EMU_CMD_GET_SPEED"
10 EMU_CAP_EX_EXEC_CODE Supports commands "EMU_CMD_CODE_..."
EMU_CAP_EX_GET_MAX_BLOCK_S Supports command
11
IZE "EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE"
Supports commands
12 EMU_CAP_EX_GET_HW_INFO
"EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO"
Supports commands
13 EMU_CAP_EX_SET_KS_POWER
"EMU_CMD_SET_KS_POWER"
Supports commands
EMU_CAP_EX_RESET_STOP_TIME
14 "EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_TI
D
MED"
15 - Reserved
EMU_CAP_EX_MEASURE_RTCK_RE Supports commands
16
ACT "EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT"
Supports command
17 EMU_CAP_EX_SELECT_IF
"EMU_CMD_HW_SELECT_IF"
Supports command
18 EMU_CAP_EX_RW_MEM_ARM79 "EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79",
"EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79"
Supports command
19 EMU_CAP_EX_GET_COUNTERS
"EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS"
20 EMU_CAP_EX_READ_DCC Supports command "EMU_CMD_READ_DCC"
Table 5.13: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX flag overview

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Bit Define Explanation

Supports command
21 EMU_CAP_EX_GET_CPU_CAPS
"EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS"
Supports command
22 EMU_CAP_EX_EXEC_CPU_CMD
"EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD"
23 EMU_CAP_EX_SWO Supports command "EMU_CMD_SWO"
Supports command
24 EMU_CAP_EX_WRITE_DCC_EX
"EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC_EX"
EMU_CAP_EX_UPDATE_FIRMWARE Supports command
25
_EX "EMU_CMD_UPDATE_FIRMWARE_EX"
26 EMU_CAP_EX_FILE_IO Supports command "EMU_CMD_FILE_IO"
27 EMU_CAP_EX_REGISTER Supports command "EMU_CMD_REGISTER"
Supports command
28 EMU_CAP_EX_INDICATORS
"EMU_CMD_INDICATORS"
Supports command
29 EMU_CAP_EX_TEST_NET_SPEED
"EMU_CMD_TEST_NET_SPEED"
30 EMU_CAP_EX_RAWTRACE Supports command "EMU_CMD_RAWTRACE"
Supports command
31 EMU_CAP_EX_GET_CAPS_EX
"EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX"
Supports command
32 EMU_CAP_EX_HW_JTAG_WRITE
"EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE"
Table 5.13: EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS_EX flag overview

Sample communication
Retrieve emulator capabilities.
H->E: ED
Returns all capabilities except trace commands.
H<-E: BF 7F FF BB 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

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5.3.6 EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION
Description
Retrieves the product hardware version of the emulator.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF0
Table 5.14: EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U32 Version Hardware version of the emulator.
Table 5.15: EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION response overview

Additional information
The product hardware version is returned in the following format.
TTMMmmrr
This stands for:
TT: Hardware type
MM: Major version
mm: Minor version
rr: Revision
Example: The version 0052000 stands for a J-Link Version 5.2 .
If the capability EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION is not enabled Version is always 0x00 .
Sample communication
Retrieve hardware version command.
H->E: F0
Returns the hardware version 0060000 which equals a J-Link V6.
H<-E: 60 EA 00 00

J-Link hardware versions

The following table gives an overview about what hardware versions can be retrieved
using this command:

Hardware type Name

0 J-Link
1 J-Trace
2 Flasher
3 J-Link Pro

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5.4 Get state information functions

These commands are used to retrieve information about the actual status of the
emulator.

5.4.1 EMU_CMD_GET_STATE
Description
Retrieves the voltage of the target and the JTAG pin states for TCK, TDI, TDO, TMS,
TRES and TRST.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x07
Table 5.16: EMU_CMD_GET_STATE command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U16 Voltage VCC stored in unit mV
H<-E 1 * U8 TCK JTAG pin TCK state.
H<-E 1 * U8 TDI JTAG pin TDI state.
H<-E 1 * U8 TDO JTAG pin TDO state.
H<-E 1 * U8 TMS JTAG pin TMS state.
H<-E 1 * U8 TRES JTAG pin TRES state.
H<-E 1 * U8 TRST JTAG pin TRST state.
Table 5.17: EMU_CMD_GET_STATE response overview

Sample communication
Retrieve state information command.
H->E: 07
Returns 3.267V; TCK, TRES and TRST are high; TDI, TDO, TMS are low.
H<-E: C3 0C 01 00 00 00 01 01

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5.4.2 EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO
Description
Retrieves information about the KS power of the emulator.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC1
Bitmask selecting the information that should
H->E 1 * U32 Mask
be retrieved.
Table 5.18: EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Hardware information returned. x means the
H<-E x * U32 HW Info amount of hardware information defined by
the Mask flags.
Table 5.19: EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO response overview

Additional information
The flags that can be used as Mask are described in the table below:

Bit Define Explanation

Retrieves KS power status.
0 HW_INFO_POWER_ENABLED 0x00000000: Power is off
0x00000001: Power is on
Retrieves information about why the tar-
get power was switched off.
0x00000000: Everything is normal
1 HW_INFO_POWER_OVERCURRENT
0x00000001: 2ms @ 3000mA
0x00000002: 10ms @ 1000mA
0x00000003: 40ms @ 400mA
2 HW_INFO_ITARGET Consumption of the target in mA.
3 HW_INFO_ITARGET_PEAK Peak consumption of the target in mA.
Peak consumption of the target in mA
4 HW_INFO_ITARGET_PEAK_OPERATION while operating. In most cases this is the
same value as HW_INFO_ITARGET_PEAK.
Max. time in ms the consumption of the
10 HW_INFO_ITARGET_MAX_TIME0 target exceeded
HW_INFO_POWER_OVERCURRENT type 0x01.
Max. time in ms the consumption of the
11 HW_INFO_ITARGET_MAX_TIME1 target exceeded
HW_INFO_POWER_OVERCURRENT type 0x02.
Max. time in ms the consumption of the
12 HW_INFO_ITARGET_MAX_TIME2 target exceeded
HW_INFO_POWER_OVERCURRENT type 0x03.
Table 5.20: EMU_CMD_GET_HW_INFO flag overview

The amount of U32 data returned by this command depends on how many flags you
haved used in your Mask. Undefined flags return 0xFFFFFFFF.
Sample communication
Retrieve hadrware information about KS power status and target consumption.
H->E: C1 05 00 00 00
Returns KS power is on and the target consumes 12mA.
H<-E: 01 00 00 00 0C 00 00 00

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5.4.3 EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS
Description
Retrieves counter values of how long a target is connected and how many times a
target was connected / disconnected.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC2
Bitmask selecting the information that should
H->E 1 * U32 Mask
be retrieved.
Table 5.21: EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Returned counter values. x means the amount
H<-E x * U32 Counters
of counter values defined by the Mask flags.
Table 5.22: EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS response overview

Additional information
The flags that can be used as Mask are described in the table below:

Bit Define Explanation

Retrieves the counter describing how
0 CNT_INDEX_POWER_ON many ms a powered target is connected.
The counter is reset after 24h.
Retrieves the counter describing how
1 CNT_INDEX_POWER_CHANGE many times a powered target was con-
nected or disconnected.
Table 5.23: EMU_CMD_GET_COUNTERS flag overview

The amount of U32 data returned by this command depends on how many flags you
have used in your Mask. Undefined flags return 0xFFFFFFFF.
Sample communication
Requesting value of the power change counter.
H->E: C2 02 00 00 00
Returns 5 power changes.
H<-E: 05 00 00 00

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5.4.4 EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT
Description
Measures the RTCK reaction time of the target device.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF6
Table 5.24: EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

0x00000000: O.K.
H<-E 1 * U32 Result
0x00000001: RTCK did not react on time.
H<-E 1 * U32 Minimum Minimum RTCK reaction time in ns.
H<-E 1 * U32 Maximum Maximum RTCK reaction time in ns.
H<-E 1 * U32 Average Average RTCK reaction time in ns.
Table 5.25: EMU_CMD_MEASURE_RTCK_REACT response overview

Sample communication
Measure RTCK reaction time command.
H->E: F6
Returns O.K., Min. 0ns, Max. 126ns and Average 25ns reaction time.
H<-E: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7E 00 00 00 19 00 00 00

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5.5 JTAG & Hardware functions

These commands are used to read, write and handle JTAG data and to set hardware
states.

5.5.1 EMU_CMD_RESET_TRST
Description
Resets TRST.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x02
Table 5.26: EMU_CMD_RESET_TRST command overview

Response
-
Additional information
Activates TRST and releases it after 2ms.
Sample communication
Reset TRST command.
H->E: 02

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5.5.2 EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED
Description
Sets the JTAG speed.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x05
JTAG speed in kHz.
Example:
H->E 1 * U16 Speed
0x001E for 30kHz.
0xFFFF for adaptive clocking
Table 5.27: EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Set speed to adaptive clocking command.
H->E: 05 FF FF

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5.5.3 EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF
Description
Select a target interface or retrieves the previously selected interface.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC7
0xFF to return 32bit mask of available inter-
faces
H->E 1 * U8 SubCmd 0xFE to return previosly selected interface
number (0..31)
1..31 to select interface (0..31)
Table 5.28: EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Response depends on SubCmd sent.
SubCmd == 0xFF: 32bit mask of available
interfaces
H<-E 1 * U32 Response SubCmd == 0xFE: Previously selected inter-
face number (0..31)
SubCmd == 0..31: Previously selected inter-
face number (0..31)
Table 5.29: EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF response overview

Additional information
The interfaces that can be selected (if available) are described in the table below:

Interface # Define
0 TIF_JTAG
1 TIF_SWD
Table 5.30: EMU_CMD_SELECT_IF interface overview

Sample communication (requesting available interfaces)

Output command to check for available interfaces.
H->E: C7 FF
Returns available interfaces as 32bit mask (in this case JTAG and SWD are available).
H<-E: 03 00 00 00

Sample communication (selecting SWD interface)

Output command to select SWD interface.
H->E: C7 02
Returns previously selected interface (in this case previously selected interface was
JTAG).
H<-E: 01 00 00 00

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5.5.4 EMU_CMD_SET_KS_POWER
Description
Sets KS power on JTAG pin 19 to on or off temporarily.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x08
Set KS power on: 0x01
H->E 1 * U8 OnOff
Set KS power off: 0x00
Table 5.31: EMU_CMD_SET_KS_POWER command overview

Response
-
Additional information
JTAG pin 19 may provide 5V power to a target system. For details, please refer to J-
Link User manual.
Sample communication
Set KS power to on command.
H->E: 08 01

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5.5.5 EMU_CMD_HW_CLOCK
Description
Generates one clock and retrieves data from TDI.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC8
Table 5.32: EMU_CMD_HW_CLOCK command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U8 TDI Data from TDI.
Table 5.33: EMU_CMD_HW_CLOCK response overview

Additional information
This command generates one clock and returns the value of TDI on falling edge of
clock.
Default value of clock ping (TCK) is high. So this function generates a low pulse, fol-
lowed by a high pulse on TCK.
Sample communication
Generate one clock.
H->E: C8
Returns TDI data.
H<-E: 00

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5.5.6 EMU_CMD_HW_TMS0
Description
Clears TMS signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xC9
Table 5.34: EMU_CMD_HW_TMS0 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Clear TMS command.
H->E: C9

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5.5.7 EMU_CMD_HW_TMS1
Description
Sets TMS signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCA
Table 5.35: EMU_CMD_HW_TMS1 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Set TMS command.
H->E: CA

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5.5.8 EMU_CMD_HW_DATA0
Description
Clears TDI signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCB
Table 5.36: EMU_CMD_HW_DATA0 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Clear TDI command.
H->E: CB

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5.5.9 EMU_CMD_HW_DATA1
Description
Sets TDI signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCC
Table 5.37: EMU_CMD_HW_DATA1 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Set TDI command.
H->E: CC

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5.5.10 EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG
Description
Handles the JTAG connection. It receives data for TDI and TMS and sends TDO data
back.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCD
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
<NumBytes> Data for TMS. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TMS
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
<NumBytes> Data for TDI. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TDI
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.38: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes> TDO data. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H<-E TDO
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.39: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG response overview

Additional information
This command is obsolete. Please use EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 on page 50.

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5.5.11 EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2
Description
Handles the JTAG connection. It receives data for TDI and TMS and sends TDO data
back.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCE
Dummy data in order to word align data trans-
H->E 1 * U8 DUMMY
fers.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
<NumBytes> Data for TMS. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TMS
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
<NumBytes> Data for TDI. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TDI
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.40: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2 command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes> TDO data. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H<-E TDO
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.41: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2 response overview

Additional information
This command is obsolete for J-Links with hardware version 5 and above. Please use
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 on page 50.
The hardware version can be retrieved using the command
EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION on page 34.

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5.5.12 EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3
Description
Handles the JTAG connection. If used with JTAG interface it receives data for TDI and
TMS and sends TDO data back. If used with SWD interface it receives data for SWDIO
(in) and DIR and sends SWDIO (out) data back.
Command (JTAG interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCF
Dummy data in order to word align data trans-
H->E 1 * U8 DUMMY
fers.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
<NumBytes> Data for TMS. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TMS
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
<NumBytes> Data for TDI. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TDI
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.42: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG (JTAG interface) command overview

Command (SWD interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCF
Dummy data in order to word align data trans-
H->E 1 * U8 DUMMY
fers.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
Direction of data to transmit.
NumBytes calculates as follows: NumBytes =
<NumBytes>
H->E DIR (NumBits + 7) >> 3 .
* U8
0: In
1: Out
<NumBytes> SWDIO input data. NumBytes calculates as fol-
H->E SWDIO (in)
* U8 lows: NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.43: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG (SWD interface) command overview

Response (JTAG interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes> TDO data. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H<-E TDO
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Return value:
H<-E 1 * U8 Return 0: O.K.
Everything else: Error occured.
Table 5.44: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG (JTAG interface) response overview

Response (SWD interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes> SWDIO SWDIO output data. NumBytes calculates as
H<-E
* U8 (out) follows: NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Return value:
H<-E 1 * U8 Return 0: O.K.
Everything else: Error occured.
Table 5.45: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG (SWD interface) response overview

Additional information
How the JTAG/SWD sequence is generated is beyond the scope of this manual.

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This command is available for J-Links with hardware version 5 and above only.
SWD support is available for J-Links with hardware version 6 and above only.
The hardware version can be retrieved using the command
EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION on page 34.
Sample communication
Output command and JTAG TDI, TMS data to halt ARM7 CPU.
H->E: CF 00 48 00 86 E3 71 C0 01 00 00 00 0C 20 00 18 02 00 00 00 00 00
Returns TDO data.
H<-E: 20 00 08 00 48 00 00 00 00
Returns O.K.
H<-E: 00

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5.5.13 EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE
Description
Handles the JTAG connection. If used with JTAG interface it receives data for TDI and
TMS. No TDO data is sent back. If used with SWD interface it receives data for
SWDIO (in) and DIR . No SWDIO (out) data is sent back. The status of the transmis-
sion is saved in a stick error flag. This flag can be requested via the
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT command. For more information about the
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT command, please refer to
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT on page 53
Command (JTAG interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCF
Dummy data in order to word align data trans-
H->E 1 * U8 DUMMY
fers.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
<NumBytes> Data for TMS. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TMS
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
<NumBytes> Data for TDI. NumBytes calculates as follows:
H->E TDI
* U8 NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.46: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE (JTAG interface) command overview

Command (SWD interface)

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xCF
Dummy data in order to word align data trans-
H->E 1 * U8 DUMMY
fers.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBits Number of bits to transfer.
Direction of data to transmit.
NumBytes calculates as follows: NumBytes =
<NumBytes>
H->E DIR (NumBits + 7) >> 3 .
* U8
0: In
1: Out
<NumBytes> SWDIO input data. NumBytes calculates as fol-
H->E SWDIO (in)
* U8 lows: NumBytes = (NumBits + 7) >> 3
Table 5.47: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE (SWD interface) command overview

Additional information
How the JTAG/SWD sequence is generated is beyond the scope of this manual.
This command is available for J-Links with hardware version 6 and above only.
The hardware version can be retrieved using the command
EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION on page 34.
Sample communication
Output command and JTAG TDI, TMS data to halt ARM7 CPU.
H->E: CF 00 48 00 86 E3 71 C0 01 00 00 00 0C 20 00 18 02 00 00 00 00 00

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5.5.14 EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT
Description
Requests the sticky error bit from the emulator. This bit is set if a
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE command failed. After the
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT command has been performed, the sticky error
bit is cleared.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xD6
Table 5.48: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Return value:
sticky error
E->H 1 * U8 0: O.K.
bit
Everything else: Error
Table 5.49: EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT command overview

Sample communication
Output command to get the sticky error bit:

H->E: D6

Returns O.K.

E->H: 00

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5.5.15 EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0
Description
Activates TRST signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xDE
Table 5.50: EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Activate TRST command.
H->E: DE

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5.5.16 EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1
Description
Deactivates TRST signal.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xDF
Table 5.51: EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Deactivate TRST command.
H->E: DF

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5.5.17 EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC
Description
Writes to the CPU through JTAG using DCC.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF1
H->E 1 * U16 NumBitsInit TBD.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBitsStat TBD.
H->E 1 * U16 NumBitsData TBD.
H->E 1 * U16 BitPosStat TBD.
H->E 1 * U16 Timeout TBD.
H->E 1 * U16 NumItems TBD.
JTAG Data. NumBytes calculates as follows:
NumBytes = 2 *
<Numbytes>
H->E JTAG Data ((NumBitsInit + 7) >> 3) +
* U8
((NumBitsStat + 7) >> 3) +
((NumBitsData + 7) >> 3)
<NumItems>
H->E Data Data content.
* U8
Table 5.52: EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Return value of the command:
H<-E 1 * U8 Return 0x00: O.K.
0x01: Timeout
Table 5.53: EMU_CMD_WRITE_DCC response overview

Additional information
Explanation of DCC data generation is beyond the scope of this document.

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5.6 Target functions

These commands are used to act on a target hardware such as resetting it.

5.6.1 EMU_CMD_RESET_TARGET
Description
Resets the target via hardware reset.
Communication

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0x03
Table 5.54: EMU_CMD_RESET_TARGET command overview

Response
-
Additional information
Activates the target RESET line and releases it after 2ms.
Sample communication
Reset target command.
H->E: 03

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5.6.2 EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_EX
Description
Resets the CPU and halts as soon as possible. Means as soon as a criteria is matched.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xD0
H->E 1 * U16 NumBytes Number of bytes to transfer.
H->E 1 * U16 NumReps Number of repeats trying to halt the CPU.
CriteriaBy- Offset address where to check for criteria
H->E 1 * U16
teOff match.
Criteria-
H->E 1 * U16 Criteria mask.
Mask
H->E 1 * U16 CriteriaData Criteria to match.
<NumBytes>
H->E TMS TMS data.
* U8
<NumBytes>
H->E TDI TDI data.
* U8
Table 5.55: EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_EX command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes>
H<-E TDO TDO return data.
* U8
Table 5.56: EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_EX response overview

Additional information
In order to halt an ARM7 or ARM9 CPU as soon as possible the emulator can decide if
the CPU is halted by checking for a criteria. This eliminates the USB latency a deci-
sion by the host PC would cause. What happens is that RESET is pulled high and the
emulator tries to halt the CPU with a halting sequence as soon as possible for Num-
Reps tries. To check if halting the CPU was successful the emulator checks for a crite-
ria. A pseudo code could look like the following code:
U16 i = 0;

ResetHigh();
do {
i++;
SendSequence();
} while(((Data & CriteriaMask) != CriteriaData) && (i <= NumReps))
This command is emplemented for ARM7 and ARM9 cores only.

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5.6.3 EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_TIMED
Description
Resets the CPU and halts as soon as its possible or the timeout expires.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xD1
H->E 1 * U16 NumBytes Number of bytes to transfer.
H->E 1 * U16 TimeOut Timeout in ms.
CryteriaBy- Offset address where to check for criteria
H->E 1 * U16
teOff match.
Criteria-
H->E 1 * U16 Criteria mask.
Mask
H->E 1 * U16 CriteriaData Criteria to match.
<NumBytes>
H->E TMS TMS data.
* U8
<NumBytes>
H->E TDI TDI data.
* U8
Table 5.57: EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_TIMED command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

<NumBytes>
H<-E TDO TDO return data.
* U8
Table 5.58: EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_TIMED response overview

Additional information
For further information please refer to EMU_CMD_HW_RELEASE_RESET_STOP_EX on
page 58. The only difference of this command is that the abort criteria is a timeout
instead of a maximum repeat count.

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5.6.4 EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0
Description
Activates target reset.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xDC
Table 5.59: EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Activate target reset command.
H->E: DC

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5.6.5 EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1
Description
Deactivates target reset.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xDD
Table 5.60: EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1 command overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Deactivate target reset command.
H->E: DD

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5.6.6 EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS
Description
Retrieves the capabilities of the target CPU.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xE9
Device-
H->E 1 * U8 Device family of the target CPU
Family
Target interface used to connect the emulator
H->E 1 * U8 Interface
to the target CPU.
H->E 1 * U8 Reserved Dummy
H->E 1 * U8 Reserved Dummy
Table 5.61: EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

H<-E 1 * U32 Capabilities Functionality supported by the target CPU.
Table 5.62: EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS response overview

Additional information
The capability flags used are described in the table below:

Bit Define Explanation

0 CPU_CAP_RESERVED Always 1.
Supports command
1 CPU_CAP_WRITE_MEM
"CPU_CMD_WRITE_MEM"
Supports command
2 CPU_CAP_READ_MEM
"CPU_CMD_READ_MEM"
Table 5.63: EMU_CMD_GET_CPU_CAPS flag overview

Sample communication
Requesting the CPU capabilities.
H->E: E9 07 00 00 00
Returns no capabilites.
H<-E: 01 00 00 00

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5.6.7 EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD
Description
Executes functions supported by the CPU.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xEA
H->E 1 * U8 CPUCmd CPU command to be executed.
H->E 1 * U8 SubCmd Sub command for the CPU command if any.
Device-
H->E 1 * U8 Device family of the target CPU
Family
Target interface used to connect the emulator
H->E 1 * U8 Interface
to the target CPU.
Number of bytes to transmit for the configura-
H->E 1 * U16 NumBytes
tion.
<NumBytes>
H->E Config Configuration data.
* U8
H->E 1 * U32 Addr Memory location to write to / read from.
NumBytes- Number of bytes to write/read to/from given
H->E 1 * U32
WriteRead address.
Data to be written to the given memory
<NumBytes-
address.
H->E WriteRead> Data
Only used with command
* U8
CPU_CMD_WRITE_MEM.
Table 5.64: EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Result of the write/read command.
0 : Everything O.K.
H<-E 1 * U32 Result
> 0 :Number of bytes that could not be read/
written.
Table 5.65: EMU_CMD_EXEC_CPU_CMD response overview

Additional information
The list below gives an overview about the available CPU commands.

Define Value Explanation

CPU_CMD_WRITE_MEM 100 Writes to target memory.
CPU_CMD_READ_MEM 101 Reads from target memory.
Table 5.66: CPU command overview

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5.6.8 EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79
Description
Writes to target memory on ARM 7/9 targets.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF7
H->E 1 * U8 TotalIRLen Total scanchain length.
H->E 1 * U8 NumDevices Number of devices on scanchain.
H->E 1 * U8 DevicePos Devices before target device.
H->E 1 * U8 IRPre IR bits before target device.
0x00: ARM7
H->E 1 * U8 IsARM9
0x01: ARM9
0x00: Little endian
H->E 1 * U8 IsBigEndian
0x01: Big endian
H->E 1 * U16 Dummy Dummy field.
H->E 1 * U8 SubCmd Typically 0x01 .
H->E 1 * U32 Addr Target address in memory.
H->E 1 * U32 NumBytes Number of bytes to write.
<NumBytes>
H->E Data Data that should be written to memory.
* U8
Table 5.67: EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79 command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

0x00: O.K.
0x01: Adaptive clocking timeout
H<-E 1 * U8 Return status
0x02: Memory access timeout
0x03: Core error
Table 5.68: EMU_CMD_WRITE_MEM_ARM79 response overview

Sample communication
Writing 0xAB to address 0x12345678.
H->E: F7 04 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 78 56 34 12 01 00 00 00 AB
Returns O.K.
H<-E: 00

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5.6.9 EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79
Description
Reads from target memory on ARM 7/9 targets.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF8
H->E 1 * U8 TotalIRLen Total scanchain length.
H->E 1 * U8 NumDevices Number of devices on scanchain.
H->E 1 * U8 DevicePos Devices before target device.
H->E 1 * U8 IRPre IR bits before target device.
0x00: ARM7
H->E 1 * U8 IsARM9
0x01: ARM9
0x00: Little endian
H->E 1 * U8 IsBigEndian
0x01: Big endian
H->E 1 * U16 Dummy Dummy field.
H->E 1 * U8 SubCmd Typically 0x01 .
H->E 1 * U32 Addr Target address in memory.
H->E 1 * U32 NumBytes Number of bytes to read.
Table 5.69: EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79 command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

0x00: O.K.
0x01: Adaptive clocking timeout
H<-E 1 * U8 ReturnStatus
0x02: Memory access timeout
0x03: Core error
Data that is read from the memory.
<NumBytes>
H<-E Data This transaction only happens if Return-
* U8
Status == 0x00 or NumBytes <= 0x40 .
Address at which an error occured.
H<-E 1 * U32 ErrorAddr This transaction only happens if Return-
Status != 0x00 or NumBytes > 0x40 .
Information about which data width could
not be accessed in memory.
H<-E 1 * U32 FailAccessWidth
This transaction only happens if Return-
Status != 0x00 or NumBytes > 0x40 .
Table 5.70: EMU_CMD_READ_MEM_ARM79 response overview

Sample communication
Retrieve 1 byte from address 0x10 command.
H->E: F8 04 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 10 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
Returns O.K.
H<-E: 00
Returns data read from address 0x10.
H<-E: 18

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66 CHAPTER 5 Emulator protocol

5.7 Configuration functions

These commands are used to configure the emulator.

5.7.1 EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG
Description
Reads the emulator configuration from the J-Link.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF2
Table 5.71: EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG command overview

Response

Direction Data Name Explanation

Emulator
H<-E 256 * U8 Returns the actual emulator configuration.
configuration
Table 5.72: EMU_CMD_READ_CONFIG response overview

Sample communication
Retrieve emulator configuration command.
H->E: F2
Returns emulator configuration.
H<-E: 00 02 FF FF 01 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF

For further information please refer to Emulator configuration on page 16.

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5.7.2 EMU_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG
Description
Writes the emulator configuration to the J-Link.
Command

Direction Data Name Explanation

H->E 1 * U8 Cmd Command: 0xF3
Emulator
H->E 256 * U8 The new emulator configuration.
configuration
Table 5.73: EMU_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG communication overview

Response
-
Sample communication
Send emulator configuration command.
H->E: F3
Send emulator configuration.
H->E: 00 02 FF FF 01 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF

For further information please refer to Emulator configuration on page 16.

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Chapter 6

Glossary

This chapter describes important terms used throughout this manual.

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70 CHAPTER 6 Glossary

Adaptive clocking
A technique in which a clock signal is sent out by J-Link / J-Trace. J-Link / J-Trace
waits for the returned clock before generating the next clock pulse. The technique
allows the J-Link / J-Trace interface unit to adapt to differing signal drive capabilities
and differing cable lengths.
Application Program Interface
A specification of a set of procedures, functions, data structures, and constants that
are used to interface two or more software components together.
Big-endian
Memory organization where the least significant byte of a word is at a higher address
than the most significant byte. See Little-endian.
Device Under Test
The device in the scan chain debugged at the moment.
DUT
See Device Under Test.
EmbeddedICE
The additional hardware provided by debuggable ARM processors to aid debugging.
Halfword
A 16-bit unit of information. Contents are taken as being an unsigned integer
unless otherwise stated.
Host
A computer which provides data and other services to another computer. Especially, a
computer providing debugging services to a target being debugged.
ICache
Instruction cache.
ICE Extension Unit
A hardware extension to the EmbeddedICE logic that provides more breakpoint units.
ID
Identifier.
IEEE 1149.1
The IEEE Standard which defines TAP. Commonly (but incorrectly) referred to as
JTAG.
In-Circuit Emulator (ICE)
A device enabling access to and modification of the signals of a circuit while that cir-
cuit is operating.
Instruction Register
When referring to a TAP controller, a register that controls the operation of the TAP.
IR
See Instruction Register.
Joint Test Action Group (JTAG)
The name of the standards group which created the IEEE 1149.1 specification.

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Little-endian
Memory organization where the least significant byte of a word is at a lower address
than the most significant byte. See also Big-endian.
Memory coherency
A memory is coherent if the value read by a data read or instruction fetch is the
value that was most recently written to that location. Obtaining memory coherency is
difficult when there are multiple possible physical locations that are involved, such as
a system that has main memory, a write buffer, and a cache.
RESET
Abbreviation of System Reset. The electronic signal which causes the target system
other than the TAP controller to be reset. This signal is also known as "nSRST"
"nSYSRST", "nRST", or "nRESET" in some other manuals. See also nTRST.
nTRST
Abbreviation of TAP Reset. The electronic signal that causes the target system TAP
controller to be reset. This signal is known as nICERST in some other manuals. See
also nSRST.
Open collector
A signal that may be actively driven LOW by one or more drivers, and is otherwise
passively pulled HIGH. Also known as a "wired AND" signal.
Processor Core
The part of a microprocessor that reads instructions from memory and executes
them, including the instruction fetch unit, arithmetic and logic unit, and the register
bank. It excludes optional coprocessors, caches, and the memory management unit.
RTCK
Returned TCK. The signal which enables Adaptive Clocking.
Scan Chain
A group of one or more registers from one or more TAP controllers connected
between TDI and TDO, through which test data is shifted.
TAP Controller
Logic on a device which allows access to some or all of that device for test purposes.
The circuit functionality is defined in IEEE1149.1.
Target
The actual processor (real silicon or simulated) on which the application program is
running.
TCK
The electronic clock signal which times data on the TAP data lines TMS, TDI, and
TDO.
TDI
The electronic signal input to a TAP controller from the data source (upstream). Usu-
ally, this is seen connecting the J-Link / J-Trace Interface Unit to the first TAP control-
ler.
TDO
The electronic signal output from a TAP controller to the data sink (downstream).
Usually, this is seen connecting the last TAP controller to the J-Link / J-Trace Inter-
face Unit.

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Test Access Port (TAP)

The port used to access a device's TAP Controller. Comprises TCK, TMS, TDI, TDO,
and nTRST (optional).
Transistor-transistor logic (TTL)
A type of logic design in which two bipolar transistors drive the logic output to one or
zero. LSI and VLSI logic often used TTL with HIGH logic level approaching +5V and
LOW approaching 0V.
Watchpoint
A location within the image that will be monitored and that will cause execution to
stop when it changes.
Word
A 32-bit unit of information. Contents are taken as being an unsigned integer unless
otherwise stated.

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Chapter 7

Literature and references

This chapter lists documents, which we think may be useful to gain deeper under-
standing of technical details.

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74 CHAPTER 7 Literature and references

Reference Title Comments

This document gives information
about using the SEGGER J-Link / J-
SEGGER J-Link / J-Trace User's
[UM08001] Trace ARM.
Guide.
It is publicly available from SEGGER
(www.segger.com).
This document contains some hard-
ware specific informations which are
SEGGER J-Link RDI User's
[UM08004] thought of beeing helpful.
Guide.
It is publicly available from SEGGER
(www.segger.com).
This document contains the IEEE
IEEE Standard Test Access
1149.2000 JTAG standard.
[IEEE] Port and Boundary-Scan Archi-
It is publicly available from IEEE
tecture, IEEE SS94949.
(www.ieee.org).
Table 7.1: Literature and Refernces

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 75

Index

A N
Adaptive clocking .................................70 nTRST ............................................... 71
Application Program Interface ................70
O
B Open collector .................................... 71
Big-endian ..........................................70
P
D Processor Core ................................... 71
Device Under Test ................................70
DUT ...................................................70 R
RESET ............................................... 71
E RTCK ................................................. 71
EmbeddedICE .....................................70
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_GET_RESULT ........53 S
EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG_WRITE .................52
Scan Chain ......................................... 71
Support ............................................. 69
H Syntax, conventions used ....................... 5
Halfword .............................................70
Host ...................................................70 T
TAP Controller .................................... 71
I Target ............................................... 71
ICache ...............................................70 TCK ................................................... 71
ICE Extension Unit ...............................70 TDI ................................................... 71
ID .....................................................70 TDO .................................................. 71
IEEE 1149.1 ........................................70 Test Access Port (TAP) ......................... 72
In-Circuit Emulator ..............................70 Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) ............. 72
Instruction Register ..............................70
IR ......................................................70 W
Watchpoint ......................................... 72
J Word ................................................. 72
Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) ...............70

L
Little-endian .......................................71

M
Memory coherency ...............................71

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76 Index

RM08001 Reference manual for J-Link USB Protocol © 2009 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG