LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

CONTENTS
Traditional Deck Design ................................................................................................................................ 4
Material Properties [LRFD 5.4].................................................................................................................. 4
Resistance Factors [LRFD 5.5.4.2] ............................................................................................................. 4
General Properties .................................................................................................................................... 4
Loads ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Provided Reinforcement ........................................................................................................................... 5
Primary Direction (Transverse) ............................................................................................................. 5
Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) ...................................................................................................... 6
Approximate Methods of Analysis - Decks [LRFD 4.6.2] ........................................................................... 7
Width of Equivalent Interior Strips [LRFD 4.6.2.1.3] ............................................................................. 7
Live Loads for Equivalent Strips ............................................................................................................ 7
Dead Load Design Moments ................................................................................................................. 8
Analysis Model for Dead Loads ................................................................................................................. 8
Limit State Moments................................................................................................................................. 8
Service I Limit State ............................................................................................................................... 8
Strength I Limit State ............................................................................................................................ 9
Moment Design......................................................................................................................................... 9
Primary Direction (Transverse) Design ................................................................................................. 9
Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) Design ......................................................................................... 12
Deck Reinforcement Checks ............................................................................................................... 14
Overhang Design ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Concrete Parapet properties .................................................................................................................. 14
Overhang Properties ............................................................................................................................... 15
Loads ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
Provided Reinforcement ......................................................................................................................... 15
Primary Direction (Transverse) ........................................................................................................... 15
Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) .................................................................................................... 17
Analysis ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Case 1: Horizontal vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1] ......................................................................... 18
Case 2: Vertical vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1] ............................................................................. 20

1
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Case 3: Dead load + Live Load [LRFD A13.4.1] .................................................................................... 20

Moment Design....................................................................................................................................... 22
Primary Direction (Transverse) Design ............................................................................................... 22
Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) Design ......................................................................................... 31
Overhang Reinforcement Checks........................................................................................................ 32

2
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

PRESTRESSED PRECAST

CONCRETE BEAM BRIDGE DESIGN

PREPARED BY AHMET KÖSEOĞLU

3
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

TRADITIONAL DECK DESIGN

Material Properties [LRFD 5.4]

kN
 conc  150pcf  23.563
3
m

kN
 fws  140pcf  21.992
3
m

fc.slab  4.5ksi  31.026 MPa

0.5
ft.slab  0.23ksi  fc.slab  3.364 MPa

fy  60ksi  413.685 MPa

0.5
Ec.slab  1820ksi  fc.slab  26.619 GPa

Es  29000ksi  199.948 GPa

Resistance Factors [LRFD 5.5.4.2]

  0.9

General Properties

Lspan  90ft  27.432 m

Nbeams  9

Sbeam  10ft  3.048 m

btf  48in  121.92 cm

bw  7in  17.78 cm

btf bw
Seff  Sbeam    92.5in
2 2

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

tmill  0.5in  1.27 cm

tslab  7.5in  tmill  20.32 cm

toverhang  9in  22.86 cm

tfws  2.5in  6.35 cm

IM  1.33

skewangle  20deg

cover deck.bot  1in  2.54 cm

cover deck.top  2.5in  6.35 cm

Loverhang  5ft  1.524 m

bslab  1m

Loads
kN
fws  tfws   fws  1.397
2
m

kN
mill  tmill  conc  0.299
2
m

Provided Reinforcement
Primary Direction (Transverse)
Top Reinforcement

bar type.deck.trans.top  "#5"

diadeck.trans.top  0.625in  15.875 mm

spacing deck.trans.top  8in  20.32 cm

2
diadeck.trans.top 2
A bar.deck.trans.top     197.933 mm
4

5
b slab 2
As deck.trans.top   A bar.deck.trans.top  9.741 cm
spacing deck.trans.top
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Bottom Reinforcement
bar type.deck.trans.bot  "#5"

diadeck.trans.bot  0.625in  15.875 mm

spacing deck.trans.bot  6in  15.24 cm

2
diadeck.trans.bot 2
A bar.deck.trans.bot     197.933 mm
4

b slab 2
As deck.trans.bot   A bar.deck.trans.bot  12.988 cm
spacing deck.trans.bot

Secondary Direction (Longitudinal)

Top Reinforcement
bar type.deck.long.top  "#5"

diadeck.long.top  0.625in  15.875 mm

spacing deck.long.top  12in  30.48 cm

2
diadeck.long.top 2
A bar.deck.long.top     197.933 mm
4

b slab 2
As deck.long.top   A bar.deck.long.top  6.494 cm
spacing deck.long.top

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Bottom Reinforcement
bar type.deck.long.bot  "#5"

diadeck.long.bot  0.625in  15.875 mm

spacing deck.long.bot  8in  20.32 cm

2
diadeck.long.bot 2
A bar.deck.long.bot     197.933 mm
4

b slab 2
As deck.long.bot   A bar.deck.long.bot  9.741 cm
spacing deck.long.bot

Approximate Methods of Analysis - Decks [LRFD 4.6.2]

Width of Equivalent Interior Strips [LRFD 4.6.2.1.3]

Epos   26in  6.6   Sbeam  2.337 m

in
 ft 

Eneg   48in  3   Sbeam  1.981 m

in
 ft 

Live Loads for Equivalent Strips

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

 btf 
Locneg  min 15in  0.381 m Sbeam  3.048 m
 3 
By using interpolation program:
unfactored Live Load moments with IM and multi-lane factors are calculated as:

mm mm
MLL.pos  31kN   bslab  31  kN  m MLL.neg  19kN   bslab  19  kN  m
mm mm

Dead Load Design Moments

Analysis Model for Dead Loads
Positive Moment:
2
wslab  Sbeam
MDC.pos   5.908 kN  m
8
2
wfws  Sbeam
MDW.pos   1.622 kN  m
8

Negative Moment:

2
wslab  Sbeam
MDC.neg   3.939 kN  m
12

2
wfws  Sbeam
MDW.neg   1.081 kN  m
12

Limit State Moments

Service I Limit State
Positive Service I Moment:

Mservice1.pos  MDC.pos  MDW.pos  MLL.pos  38.53 kN  m

Negative Service I Moment:

8
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mservice1.neg  MDC.neg  MDW.neg  MLL.neg  24.02 kN  m

Strength I Limit State

Moment Design
Primary Direction (Transverse) Design
Positive Moment Region Design - Flexural Resistance [LRFD 5.7.3.2]

fc.slab  31.026 MPa

fy  413.685 MPa

  0.9

tslab  20.32 cm

bslab  1  m

cover deck.bot  2.54 cm

Distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of reinforcing steel:

diadeck.trans.bot
ds.deck.bot  tslab  tmill  cover deck.bot   15.716 cm
2

Required flexural resistance

Mr.pos  Mstrength1.pos  65.139 kN  m

   As deck.trans.bot  fy 
Mn.pos    As deck.trans.bot  fy  d s.deck.bot  0.5   0.85 f   71.071 kN  m
   c.slab  bslab 

LRFD5.7.3.2.pos  "Selected reinforcement is OK" if Mn.pos  Mr.pos

"Selected reinforcement is NOT OK" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.2.pos  "Selected reinforcement is OK"

Negative Moment Region Design - Flexural Resistance [LRFD 5.7.3.2]

Distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of reinforcing steel:

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

diadeck.trans.top
ds.deck.top  tslab  cover deck.top   13.176 cm
2

Required flexural resistance

Mr.neg  Mstrength1.neg  40.509 kN  m

   As deck.trans.top  fy 
Mn.neg    As deck.trans.top  fy  d s.deck.top  0.5   0.85 f   45.015 kN  m
   c.slab  bslab 

LRFD5.7.3.2.neg  "Selected reinforcement is OK" if Mn.neg  Mr.neg

"Selected reinforcement is NOT OK" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.2.neg  "Selected reinforcement is OK"

Crack Control [LRFD 5.7.3.4]

700   e
s   2  dc
 s  fss

dc
s 1

0.7  h  d c 

e  1 h  tslab

Positive Moment Region

diadeck.trans.bot
dc.deck.bot  cover deck.bot   3.334 cm
2

d c.deck.bot
 s.deck.bot  1   1.28

0.7  h  d c.deck.bot 
Guess xdeck.bot  1.8in

Es
Given 0.5  b slab  xdeck.bot
2
Ec.slab

 As deck.trans.bot  d s.deck.bot  xdeck.bot 
10


xna.deck.bot  Find xdeck.bot  4.647 cm 
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mservice1.pos
Ts.pos   271.964 kN
xna.deck.bot
ds.deck.bot 
3

Ts.pos
fss.pos   209.401 MPa
As deck.trans.bot

700in  ksi   e
s max.deck.bot   2  d c.deck.bot  39.056 cm
 s.deck.bot  fss.pos

LRFD5.7.3.4.pos  "OK,crack control for positive moment is satisfied" if spacing deck.trans.bot  s max.deck.bot

"crack control for positive moment is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.4.pos  "OK,crack control for positive moment is satisfied"

Negative Moment Region

diadeck.trans.top
dc.deck.top  cover deck.top  tmill   5.874 cm
2
d c.deck.top
 s.deck.top  1   1.581

0.7  h  d c.deck.top 

Guess xdeck.top  1.8cm

Es
Given 0.5  b slab  xdeck.top
2
Ec.slab

 As deck.trans.top  d s.deck.top  xdeck.top 

 
xna.deck.top  Find xdeck.top  3.72 cm

Mservice1.neg
Ts.neg   201.233 kN
xna.deck.top
ds.deck.top 
3

Ts.neg
fss.neg   206.588 MPa
As deck.trans.top 11
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

700in  ksi   e
s max.deck.top   2  d c.deck.top  25.789 cm
 s.deck.top  fss.neg

LRFD5.7.3.4.neg  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied" if spacing deck.trans.top  s max.deck.top

"crack control for negative moment is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.4.neg  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

Limits for Reinforcement [LRFD 5.7.3.3]

Minimum Reinforcement [5.7.3.3.2]

fr  0.37 fc.slab  ksi  5.412 MPa

tslab
y   10.16 cm
2

1 3 4 4
Islab   bslab  tslab  6.992 10  cm
12

Islab 3 3
Sm   6.882 10  cm
y

Mcr  fr  Sm  37.241 kN  m

Mn.pos Mn.neg
ration.r.pos   1.091 ration.r.neg   1.111
Mr.pos Mr.neg

Mn.pos Mn.neg
ration.pos.cr   1.908 ration.neg.cr   1.209
Mcr Mcr

LRFD5.7.3.3.2    
"OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied" if max ration.r.pos ration.r.neg  1.33  max ration.pos

"minimum reinforcement requirement is NOT satisfied, REDESIGN!" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.3.2 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"

Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) Design

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Distribution Reinforcement [LRFD 9.7.3.2]

Bottom Reinforcement


ratiodeck.dist.bot  min 0.67
220 ft 
  0.67
 Seff


2
As deck.dist.bot  ratiodeck.dist.bot  As deck.trans.bot  8.702 cm

b slab
spacing max.dist.bot   22.746 cm
 As deck.dist.bot 
A 
 bar.deck.long.bot 

LRFD9.7.3.2  "OK,distribution reinforcement is satisfied" if spacing deck.long.bot  spacing max.dist.bot

"distribution reinforcement is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD9.7.3.2  "OK,distribution reinforcement is satisfied"

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement [LRFD 5.10.8]

3 2
Ag  bslab  tslab  2.032 10  cm

  1.3 
kip
 Ag 
 2  2 in  2
As ST  min0.6in max0.11in    0.71 cm
2   b slab  tslab   fy
  

 A bar.deck.long.bot 
spacing ST.max.bot  min 18in3  tslab   b slab   45.72 cm
 As ST


 A bar.deck.long.top 
spacing ST.max.top  min 18in3  tslab   b slab   45.72 cm
 As ST


LRFD5.7.10.8  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied" 

if max spacing deck.long.top spacing deck.long.bot 
"shrinkage and temperature requirements are NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.10.8  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied" 13

LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Deck Reinforcement Checks

LRFD5.7.3.2.pos  "Selected reinforcement is OK"

LRFD5.7.3.2.neg  "Selected reinforcement is OK"

LRFD5.7.3.4.pos  "OK,crack control for positive moment is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.4.neg  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.3.2 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"

LRFD9.7.3.2  "OK,distribution reinforcement is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.10.8  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied"

Noteskew  "Since skew angle <= 25 deg, primary reinforcement may be placed in the direction of the skew. LRFD 9.7.1.3" if skew

"Since skew angle >=25 deg, primary reinforcement shall be placed perpendicular to the traffic. LRFD 9.7.1.3" otherwis

Noteskew  "Since skew angle <= 25 deg, primary reinforcement may be placed in the direction of the skew. LRFD 9.7.1.3"

OVERHANG DESIGN
Concrete Parapet properties

2
Aparapet  0.293m

kip kN
 conc.parapet  0.145  22.778
3 3
ft m

Hparapet  1.067m

Bparapet  0.4m

cg.parapet  0.17m

kN
Tparapet.1  109.633
m
kN  m
Mc  121.726
m
14
Lc  4.154m
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Overhang Properties

toverhang  9 in

Loverhang  1.524 m

Loverhang.center  cg.parapet  0.17 m

Loverhang.1  20.25in  0.514 m

Loverhang.2  Loverhang  Locneg  1.143 m

Loverhang.3  Loverhang  Locneg  1.905 m

cover overhang.top  cover deck.top  2.5in

cover overhang.bot  cover deck.bot  1in

Loads
kN
woverhang  toverhang  bslab   conc  5.387
m

kN
wfws  1.397
m

kN
wparapet   conc.parapet  Aparapet  6.674
m

Pparapet  wparapet  bslab  6.674 kN

Provided Reinforcement
Primary Direction (Transverse)
Top Reinforcement

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Top reinforcement of interior bay that will be extended

bar type.deck.trans.top  "#5"

diadeck.trans.top  15.875 mm

spacing deck.trans.top  8  in

2
Abar.deck.trans.top  197.933 mm

Extra top reinforcement in the overhang that will be bundled with above reinforcement

bar type.overhang.trans.top.extra  "#7"

diaoverhang.trans.top.extra  0.88in  22.352 mm

spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  9in  22.86 cm


  diaoverhang.trans.top.extra 2 2
A bar.overhang.trans.top.extra   392.394 mm
4

A bar.overhang.trans.top.extra  bslab A bar.deck.trans.top  bslab 2

As overhang.trans.top    26.906 cm
spacing overhang.trans.top.extra spacing deck.trans.top


4 A bar.deck.trans.top  A bar.overhang.trans.top.extra 
diaoverhang.trans.top   27.416 mm


num bundled  2

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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Bottom Reinforcement

bar type.overhang.trans.bot  bar type.deck.trans.bot  "#5"

diaoverhang.trans.bot  diadeck.trans.bot  0.625in

spacing overhang.trans.bot  spacing deck.trans.bot  6 in


  diaoverhang.trans.bot 2 2
A bar.overhang.trans.bot   0.307in
4

A bar.overhang.trans.bot  b slab 2
As overhang.trans.bot   2.013in
spacing overhang.trans.bot

Secondary Direction (Longitudinal)

Top Reinforcement

bar type.long.overhang.top  bar type.deck.long.top  "#5"

diaoverhang.long.top  diadeck.long.top  0.625in

spacing overhang.long.top  spacing deck.long.top  12in


  diaoverhang.long.top 2 2
A bar.overhang.long.top   0.307in
4

A bar.overhang.long.top  b slab 2
As overhang.long.top   1.007in
spacing overhang.long.top

Bottom Reinforcement

17
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

bar type.long.overhang.bot  bar type.deck.long.bot  "#5"

diaoverhang.long.bot  diadeck.long.bot  0.625in

spacing overhang.long.bot  spacing deck.long.bot  8in


  diaoverhang.long.bot 2 2
A bar.overhang.long.bot   0.307in
4

A bar.overhang.long.bot  b slab 2
As overhang.long.bot   1.51in
spacing overhang.long.bot

Analysis
Case 1: Horizontal vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1]
Case 1.1: Moment at first design section (parapet face)
 toverhang  kN  m
Mcollision.1   Mc  Tparapet.1    bslab  5.286 103 in 
 2  m

2
Loverhang.1
MDL.overhang.1  woverhang   0.526 kip  ft
2


MDL.parapet.1  wparapet  bslab  Loverhang.1  Loverhang.center   2.298 kN  m


Mcase1.1  Mcollision.1  1.25 MDL.overhang.1  MDL.parapet.1  138.02 kN  m 

Case 1.2: Moment at second design section

Distangle  30deg

Lc  2  Hparapet 
Distratio.2   0.897
Lc  2  Hparapet   2  Loverhang.2  Loverhang.1   tan Distangle 

18
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mcollision.2  Mcollision.1  Distratio.2  120.362 kN  m

kN
Tparapet.2  Tparapet.1  Distratio.2  98.287
m

2
Loverhang.2
MDL.overhang.2  woverhang   3.519 kN  m
2


MDL.parapet.2  wparapet  bslab  Loverhang.2  Loverhang.center   6.494 kN  m

Loverhang.2  Loverhang.1 2
MDL.overhang.2.fws  wfws   0.276 kN  m
2

 
Mcase1.2  Mcollision.2  1.25 MDL.overhang.2  MDL.parapet.2  1.5  MDL.overhang.2.fws  133.291 kN  m

Case 1.3: Moment at third design section

Lc  2  Hparapet
Distratio.3   0.797
Lc  2  Hparapet   2  Loverhang.3  
 Loverhang.1  tan Distangle 

  Locneg 
Mcollision.3  Mcollision.1   1    Distratio.3  93.578 kN  m
  Sbeam

kN
Tparapet.3  Tparapet.1  Distratio.3  87.331
m

 Loverhang 
2
  1  Locneg 
1.4 
MDL.overhang.3   woverhang    5.161 kN  m
   Sbeam 
2


 Locneg  19
MDL.int  wslab  Locneg   0.4  Sbeam    1.994 kN  m
 2 
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1


MDL.parapet.3  wparapet  bslab  Loverhang  Loverhang.center   1  Locneg  S 1.4   7.455 kN  m

 beam 

Loverhang  Loverhang.1 2
MDL.overhang.3.fws  wfws   0.712 kN  m
2

 Locneg 
MDL.fws.int  wfws  Locneg   0.4  Sbeam    0.547 kN  m
 2 

  
Mcase1.3  Mcollision.3  1.25 MDL.overhang.3  MDL.parapet.3  MDL.int  1.5  MDL.overhang.3.fws  MDL.fws.int  

Case 2: Vertical vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1]

Case 3: Dead load + Live Load [LRFD A13.4.1]

Case 3.2: Moment at second design section

MDL.overhang.2  2.595 kip  ft

MDL.overhang.2.fws  0.204 kip  ft

MDL.parapet.2  4.789 kip  ft

Equivalent strip width for overhang

X2  Loverhang.2  Loverhang.1  1ft  12.75in

10
Eoverhang.2  45in   X2  55.625in
12

16kip
PLL.2   bslab  50.374 kN
Eoverhang.2

MLL.2  PLL.2  X2  1.33  1.2 if X2  0  26.036 kN  m

0 otherwise

20
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

 
Mcase3.2  1.25 MDL.overhang.2  MDL.parapet.2  1.5  MDL.overhang.2.fws  1.75 MLL.2  58.493 kN  m

Case 3.3: Moment at third design section

MDL.overhang.3  5.161 kN  m

MDL.overhang.3.fws  0.712 kN  m

MDL.parapet.3  7.455 kN  m

X3  Loverhang  Loverhang.1  1ft  27.75in

10
Eoverhang.3  45in   X3  68.125in
12

16kip
PLL.3   bslab  41.131 kN
Eoverhang.3

MLL.3  PLL.2  X3  1.33 1.2   1  Locneg  S 1.4  if X  0  46.75 kN  m

 3
 beam 
0 otherwise

   
Mcase.3.3  1.25 MDL.overhang.3  MDL.parapet.3  MDL.int  1.5  MDL.overhang.3.fws  MDL.fws.int  1.75 MLL.3 

21
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Moment Design
Primary Direction (Transverse) Design
Case 1: Horizontal vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1]
Case 1.1: Flexural Capacity under Negative Moment and Tension at first design section
(parapet face)

3
Ts.1  fy  As overhang.trans.top  1.113 10  kN

3
Cc.1  Ts.1  Tparapet.1  bslab  1.003 10  kN

Cc.1
a1   38.048 mm
b slab  0.85  fc.slab

diaoverhang.trans.top
ds.overhang.top  toverhang  cover overhang.top   15.139 cm
2

 a1   ds.overhang.top  a1 
Mn.1.1  Ts.1   ds.overhang.top    Tparapet.1  bslab     141.12 kN  m
 2  2 

Mr.1.1  Mn.1.1  141.12 kN  m

Mcase1.1  138.02 kN  m

Mcase.1.1.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.1" if Mr.1.1  Mcase1.1

"reinforcement is NOT adequate for case1.1" otherwise

Mcase.1.1.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.1"

22
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Case 1.2: Flexural Capacity under Negative Moment and Tension at second design section

3
Ts.2  fy  As overhang.trans.top  1.113 10  kN
3
Cc.2  Ts.2  Tparapet.2  bslab  1.015 10  kN

Cc.2
a2   3.848 cm
b slab  0.85  fc.slab

 a2   ds.overhang.top  a2 
Mn.1.2  Ts.2   ds.overhang.top    Tparapet.2  bslab     141.545 kN  m
 2  2 

Mr.1.2  1  Mn.1.2  141.545 kN  m

Mcase1.2  133.291 kN  m

Mcase.1.2.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case.1.2" if Mr.1.2  Mcase1.2

"reinforcement is NOT adequate for case1.2" otherwise

Mcase.1.2.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case.1.2"

Case 1.3: Flexural Capacity under Negative Moment and Tension at third design section

3
Ts.3  fy  As overhang.trans.top  1.113 10  kN

3
Cc.3  Ts.2  Tparapet.3  bslab  1.026 10  kN

Cc.3
a3   3.889 cm
b slab  0.85  fc.slab

23
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

diaoverhang.trans.top.extra
ds.overhang.top.3  tslab  cover overhang.top   12.852 cm
2

 a3   ds.overhang.top.3  a3 
Mn.1.3  Ts.3   ds.overhang.top.3    Tparapet.3  bslab     117.495 kN  m
 2  2 

Mr.1.3  1  Mn.1.3  117.495 kN  m

Mcase1.3  107.102 kN  m

Mcase.1.3.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.3" if Mr.1.3  Mcase1.3

"reinforcement is NOT adequate for case1.3" otherwise

Mcase.1.3.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.3"

Case 2: Vertical vehicular collision [LRFD A13.4.1]

Case 3: Dead load + Live Load [LRFD A13.4.1]
Case 3.2: Negative Moment Design at second design section

   As overhang.trans.top  fy 
Mr.3.2    As overhang.trans.top  fy  ds.overhang.top  0.5   0.85 f   130.518 kN  m
   c.slab  b slab 

Mcase.3.2.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.2" if Mr.3.2  Mcase3.2

"Not OK,provided reinforcement is NOT ADEQUATE for case 3.2" otherwise

Mcase.3.2.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.2"

Case 3.3: Negative Moment Design at third design section

   As overhang.trans.top  fy 
Mr.3.3    As overhang.trans.top  fy  ds.overhang.top.3  0.5   0.85 f   107.609 kN  m
   c.slab  b slab 

Mcase.3.3.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.3" if Mr.3.3  Mcase3.2

"Not OK,provided reinforcement is NOT ADEQUATE for case 3.3" otherwise

24
Mcase.3.3.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.3"
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Cut-off Length

Mstrength1.neg  40.509 kN  m

Mcase1.3  107.102 kN  m

Mcase.3.3  95.337 kN  m

So case 1.3 controls.

Xcut.off  6.6ft  2.012 m

 Sbeam 
cut off.add  max ds.overhang.top.3 15  diaoverhang.trans.top.extra    0.335 m
 20 

Lc  2  Hparapet
Distratio.X   0.67
Lc  2  Hparapet   2  Loverhang 
 Loverhang.1  Xcut.off  cut off.add   tan Distangle 

  Xcut.off  cut off.add 

Mcollision.X  Mcollision.1  1    Distratio.X  40.459 kN  m
  Sbeam


 Loverhang 
2
 1  Xcut.off  cut off.add  
1.4 
MDL.overhang.X   woverhang    1.439 kN  m
   Sbeam
2


 Xcut.off  cut off.add 

 
MDL.int.X  wslab  Xcut.off  cut off.add  0.4  Sbeam 
 2
  3.249 kN  m



MDL.parapet.X  wparapet  bslab  Loverhang  Loverhang.center   1  Xcut.off  cut off.add   1.4
Sbeam
  2.078 kN  m
 

Loverhang  Loverhang.1 2
 1  Xcut.off  cut off.add 
1.4 
MDL.overhang.fws.X  wfws   Sbeam
 0.164 kN  m
2
 

 Xcut.off  cut off.add 

 
MDL.fws.int.X  wfws  Xcut.off  cut off.add  0.4  Sbeam 
 2
  0.892 kN  m25

LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

  
Moverhang.X  Mcollision.X  1.25 MDL.overhang.X  MDL.parapet.X  MDL.int.X  1.5  MDL.overhang.fws.X  MDL.fw

Mstrength1.neg  40.509 kN  m

Development Length

 1.25  A 
bar.overhang.trans.top.extra  fy
ld  max  diaoverhang.trans.top.extra  fy 12in  54.619 cm
kip 0.4

 ksi 
 fc.slab


Modification Factors
Epoxy-coated bars are used

Increasing Modifiers

modi.1  1.4 if toverhang  cover overhang.top  12in 1

1 otherwise

modi.2  1.5 if cover overhang.top  3  diaoverhang.trans.top  spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  diaoverhang.trans.top  6 

1.2 otherwise

 
modi  min 1.7modi.1  modi.2  1.5

Decreasing Modifiers

modd  0.8 if spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  6in  cover overhang.top  3in

1 otherwise

modd  1

26
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Bundle Modifier

modbundle  1.2 if num bundled 3 1

1.33 if num bundled 4

1 otherwise

ld.mod  ld  modi  modd  modbundle  81.929 cm

ld.total  ld.mod  Locneg  1.2  m

checkcut.off  "OK,provided Cut-off length(with addition) is adequate" if Moverhang.X  Mstrength1.neg  Xcut.off  ld.tota

"increase cut-off length!" otherwise

checkcut.off  "OK,provided Cut-off length(with addition) is adequate"

Crack Control [LRFD 5.7.3.4]

Design Section 1


Mservice1.overhang.1  MDL.overhang.1  MDL.parapet.1  3.011 kN  m 

 e.o  1 ho.1  toverhang

diaoverhang.trans.top
dc.overhang.top.1  cover overhang.top  tmill   6.451 cm
2

d c.overhang.top.1
 s.o.top.1  1   1.562

0.7  h o.1  d c.overhang.top.1 

Guess xoverhang.top.1  1.8cm

Es
Given 0.5  b slab  xoverhang.top.1
2
Ec.slab

 As overhang.trans.top  d s.overhang.top  xoverhang.top.1 


xna.overhang.top.1  Find xoverhang.top.1   6.058 cm

27
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mservice1.overhang.1
Ts.o.1   22.948 kN
xna.overhang.top.1
ds.overhang.top 
3

Ts.o.1
fss.o.1   8.529 MPa
As overhang.trans.top

700in  ksi   e.o

s max.overhang.top.1   2  d c.overhang.top.1  907.529 cm
 s.o.top.1  fss.o.1

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.1  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied" if spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  s max.overhan

"crack control for negative moment is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.1  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

Design Section 2


Mservice1.overhang.2  MDL.overhang.2  MDL.parapet.2  MDL.overhang.2.fws  MLL.2  36.325 kN  m 

 e.o  1 ho.2  toverhang

diaoverhang.trans.top
dc.overhang.top.2  cover overhang.top  tmill   6.451 cm
2

d c.overhang.top.2
 s.o.top.2  1   1.562

0.7  h o.2  d c.overhang.top.2 

Guess xoverhang.top.2  1.8cm

Es
Given 0.5  b slab  xoverhang.top.2
2
Ec.slab

 As overhang.trans.top  d s.overhang.top  xoverhang.top.2 


xna.overhang.top.2  Find xoverhang.top.2   6.058 cm

28
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mservice1.overhang.2
Ts.o.2   276.87 kN
xna.overhang.top.2
ds.overhang.top 
3

Ts.o.2
fss.o.2   102.903 MPa
As overhang.trans.top

700in  ksi   e.o

s max.overhang.top.2   2  d c.overhang.top.2  63.386 cm
 s.o.top.2  fss.o.2

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.2  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied" if spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  s max.overhan

"crack control for negative moment is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.2  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

Design Section 3


Mservice1.overhang.3  MDL.overhang.3  MDL.parapet.3  MDL.overhang.3.fws  MLL.3  MDL.int  MDL.fws.int  57.537 

 e.o  1 h o.3  tslab

diaoverhang.trans.top
dc.overhang.top.3  cover deck.top  tmill   6.451 cm
2

d c.overhang.top.3
 s.o.top.3  1   1.664

0.7  h o.3  d c.overhang.top.3 

Guess xoverhang.top.3  1.8cm

Es
Given 0.5  bslab  xoverhang.top.3
2
Ec.slab

 As overhang.trans.top  ds.deck.top  xoverhang.top.3 


xna.overhang.top.3  Find xoverhang.top.3   5.552 cm

29
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Mservice1.overhang.3
Ts.o.3   508.017 kN
xna.overhang.top.3
ds.deck.top 
3

Ts.o.3
fss.o.3   188.813 MPa
As overhang.trans.top

700in  ksi   e.o

s max.overhang.top.3   2  d c.overhang.top.3  26.106 cm
 s.o.top.3  fss.o.3

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.3  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied" if spacing overhang.trans.top.extra  s max.overhan

"crack control for negative moment is NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.3  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

Limits for Reinforcement [LRFD 5.7.3.3]

Minimum Reinforcement [5.7.3.3.2]
Design Section 2

fr  0.785 ksi

toverhang
y2   11.43 cm
2

1 3 4 4
Ioverhang.2   bslab  toverhang  9.955 10  cm
12

Ioverhang.2 3 3
Sm.2   8.71  10  cm
y2

Mcr.2  fr  Sm.2  47.133 kN  m

Mr.3.2
ratio n.r.o.2   2.231
Mcase3.2

Mr.3.2
ration.cr.o.2   2.769
Mcr.2

LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.2  "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied" if ration.r.o.2  1.33  ration.cr.o.2  1.2

"minimum reinforcement requirement is NOT satisfied, REDESIGN!" otherwise

30
LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.2 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

Design Section 3

fr  0.785 ksi

tslab
y3   10.16 cm
2

1 3 4 4
Ioverhang.3   bslab  tslab  6.992 10  cm
12

Ioverhang.3 3 3
Sm.3   6.882 10  cm
y3

Mcr.3  fr  Sm.3  37.241 kN  m

Mr.3.3
ratio n.r.o.3   1.129
Mcase.3.3

Mr.3.3
ration.cr.o.3   2.89
Mcr.3

LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.3  "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied" if ration.r.o.3  1.33  ration.cr.o.3  1.2

"minimum reinforcement requirement is NOT satisfied, REDESIGN!" otherwise

LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.3 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"

Secondary Direction (Longitudinal) Design

Distribution Reinforcement [LRFD 9.7.3.2]
Bottom Reinforcement
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement [LRFD 5.10.8]
Design Section 1&2

3 2
Ag.o  bslab  toverhang  2.286 10  cm

  1.3 
kip
 A g.o 
 2  2 in  2
As ST.o  min0.6in max0.11in    0.71  cm
2   b slab  toverhang   fy
  

31
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE #1

 A bar.overhang.long.bot 
spacing ST.overhang.max.bot  min 18in 3  toverhang   b slab   45.72 cm
 As ST.o


 A bar.overhang.long.top 
spacing ST.overhang.max.top  min 18in 3  toverhang   b slab   45.72 cm
 As ST.o


LRFD5.7.10.8.overhang  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied" 

if max spacing overhang.long.top spacing o

"shrinkage and temperature requirements are NOT satisfied" otherwise

LRFD5.7.10.8  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied"

Overhang Reinforcement Checks

Mcase.1.1.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.1"

Mcase.1.2.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case.1.2"

Mcase.1.3.check  "OK,reinforcement is adequate for case1.3"

Mcase.3.2.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.2"

Mcase.3.3.check  "OK,provided reinforcement is adequate for case3.3"

checkcut.off  "OK,provided Cut-off length(with addition) is adequate"

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.1  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.2  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.4.overhang.3  "OK,crack control for negative moment is satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.2 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"

LRFD5.7.3.3.2.o.3 "OK,minimum reinforcement requirements are satisfied"

LRFD5.7.10.8  "OK,shrinkage and temperature requirements are satisfied"

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