Engineering Design

and Technology Series

An Introduction to Flow Analysis

Applications with SolidWorks
Flow Simulation,
Student Guide

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Document Number: PMS0419-ENG

 i
Introduction

About This Course

The Introduction to Flow Analysis Applications with SolidWorks Flow Simulation and its
supporting materials is designed to assist you in learning SolidWorks Flow Simulation in
an academic setting.

Online Tutorials
The Introduction to Flow Analysis Applications with
SolidWorks Flow Simulation is a companion resource and
is supplemented by the SolidWorks Flow Simulation
Online Tutorials.

Accessing the Tutorials

To start the Online Tutorials, click Help, SolidWorks

Simulation, Flow Simulation Online Tutorial. A
document will open with the Flow Simulation Tutorials.

SolidWorks Simulation Product Line

While this course focuses on the introduction to the rigid body dynamics using
SolidWorks Motion Simulation, the full product line covers a wide range of analysis areas
to consider. The paragraphs below lists the full offering of the SolidWorks Simulation
packages and modules.
Static studies provide tools for the linear stress analysis of
parts and assemblies loaded by static loads. Typical questions
that will be answered using this study type are:
Will my part break under normal operating loads?
Is the model over-designed?
Can my design be modified to increase the safety factor?

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SolidWorks Introduction
Engineering Design and Technology Series

Buckling studies analyze performance of the thin parts loaded in compression.

Typical questions that will be answered using this study type are:
Legs of my vessel are strong enough not to fail in yielding; but are they strong
enough not to collapse due to loss of stability?
Can my design be modified to ensure stability of the thin components in my
assembly?

Frequency studies offer tools for the analysis of the natural

modes and frequencies. This is essential in the design or many
components loaded in both static and dynamic ways. Typical
questions that will be answered using this study type are:
Will my part resonate under normal operating loads?
Are the frequency characteristics of my components suitable
for the given application?
Can my design be modified to improve the frequency
characteristics?
Thermal studies offer tools for the analysis of the heat
transfer by means of conduction, convection, and radiation.
Typical questions that will be answered using this study type
are:
Will the temperatures changes effect my model?
How does my model operate in an environment with
temperature fluctuation?
How long does it take for my model to cool down or overheat?
Does temperature change cause my model to expand?
Will the stresses caused by the temperature change cause my product failure (static
studies, coupled with thermal studies would be used to answer this question)?
Drop test studies are used to analyze the stress of moving
parts or assemblies impacting an obstacle. Typical questions
that will be answered using this study type are:
What will happen if my product is mishandled during
transportation or dropped?
How does my product behave when dropped on hard wood
floor, carpet or concrete?
Optimization studies are applied to improve (optimize) your
initial design based on a set of selected criteria such as maximum stress,
weight, optimum frequency, etc. Typical questions that will be answered
using this study type are:
Can the shape of my model be changed while maintaining the design
intent?
Can my design be made lighter, smaller, cheaper without compromising
strength of performance?

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SolidWorks Introduction
Engineering Design and Technology Series

Fatigue studies analyze the resistance of parts and assemblies

loaded repetitively over long periods of time. Typical
questions that will be answered using this study type are:
Can the life span of my product be estimated accurately?
Will modifying my current design help extend the product
life?
Is my model safe when exposed to fluctuating force or
temperature loads over long periods of time?
Will redesigning my model help minimize damage caused by fluctuating forces or
temperature?
Nonlinear studies provide tools for analyzing stress in parts and
assemblies that experience severe loadings and/or large deformations.
Typical questions that will be answered using this study type are:
Will parts made of rubber (o-rings for example) or foam perform well
under given load?
Does my model experience excessive bending during normal operating
conditions?
Dynamics studies analyze objects forced by loads that vary in time.
Typical examples could be shock loads of components mounted in
vehicles, turbines loaded by oscillatory forces, aircraft components
loaded in random fashion, etc. Both linear (small structural
deformations, basic material models) and nonlinear (large structural
deformations, severe loadings and advanced materials) are available.
Typical questions that will be answered using this study type are:
Are my mounts loaded by shock loading when vehicle hits a large pothole on the road
designed safely? How much does it deform under such circumstances?
Motion Simulation enables user to analyze the kinematic and dynamic
behavior of the mechanisns. Joint and inertial forces can subsequently be
transferred into SolidWorks Simulation studies to continue with the
stress analysis. Typical questions that will be answered using this
modulus are:
What is the correct size of motor or actuator for my design?
Is the design of the linkages, gears or latch mechanisms optimal?
What are the displacemements, velocities and accelerations of the mechanism
components?
Is the mechanism efficient? Can it be improved?
Composites modulus allows users to simulate structures
manufactured from laminated composite materials.
Typical questions that will be answered using this modulus are:
Is the composite model failing under the given loading?
Can the structure be made lighter using composite materials
while not compromising with the strength and safety?
Will my layered composite delaminate?

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 1
Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Goals of This Lesson

Upon successful completion of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basic
functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation and perform hydraulic analysis on the
following part.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Active Learning Exercise — Determination of Hydraulic Loss

Use SolidWorks Flow Simulation to perform

fluid internal analysis on the Valve.SLDPRT
part shown to the right.
The step-by-step instructions are given below.

Opening the Valve.SLDPRT Document

1 Click File, Open. In the Open dialog box, browse to the Valve.SLDPRT part located
in the corresponding subfolder of the SolidWorks
Curriculum_and_Courseware_2011 folder and click Open (or double-click
the part).

Checking the SolidWorks Flow Simulation Menu

If SolidWorks Flow Simulation is properly
installed, the Flow Simulation menu
appears on the SolidWorks menu bar. If SolidWorks Flow Simulation
not:
1 Click Tools, Add-Ins.

The Add-Ins dialog box appears.

2 Check the checkboxes next to SolidWorks Flow Simulation.

If SolidWorks Flow Simulation is not in the list, you need to install SolidWorks Flow
Simulation first.
3 Click OK. The Flow Simulation menu appears on the SolidWorks menu bar.

Model Description
This is a ball valve. Turning the handle closes or
opens the valve.
The local hydraulic loss (or resistance) produced by a handle
ball valve installed in a piping system depends on the Outlet
valve design dimensions and on the handle turning
angle. The ball-to-pipe diameter ratio governs the
handle turning angle at which the valve becomes
closed.
Inlet

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

The standard engineering definition of a hydraulic resistance of an obstacle in a pipe is the

difference between the total pressures (i.e. where a stream is not disturbed by the obstacle)
upstream and downstream of the obstacle (the valve in our case) divided by the incoming
dynamic head, from which the hydraulic resistance due to the friction over the pipe section
is subtracted.
In this example we will obtain the local hydraulic resistance of the ball valve whose
handle is turned by an angle of 40o. The Valve analysis represents a typical SolidWorks
Flow Simulation internal analysis.

Note: Internal flow analyses are analyses where fluid enters a model at the inlets
and exits the model through the outlets. The exception are some natural
convection problems that may not have openings.

To perform an internal analysis all the model openings must be closed with lids, which are
needed to specify inlet and outlet flow boundary conditions on them. In any case, the
internal model space filled with a fluid must be fully closed. The lids are simply additional
extrusions covering the openings. They can be created both manually and automacially;
both of the procedures are shown below.

Creating Lids Manually

Creating Inlet Lid

1 Select the face shown in the picture.
2 Click Sketch on the Sketch toolbar.

3 Select the tube’s inner edge.

4 Click Convert Entities on the Sketch toolbar. Click in the
Convert Entities PropertyManager once the entity is converted.
5 Complete the sketch by clicking OK button in the confirmation
corner of the graphics area.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

6 Click Extruded Boss/Base on the Features toolbar.

7 In the Extrude Feature PropertyManager change the settings as
shown.
• End Condition = Mid Plane
• Depth = 0.005m
8 Click to create the inlet lid.
Next, in the same manner we will create the outlet lid.

Creating Outlet Lid

1 Select the face shown in the picture.
2 Click Sketch on the Sketch toolbar.

3 Select the tube’s inner edge.

4 Repeat the steps 3 to 8 to create the lid at outlet.
5 Rename the new extrusions Extrude1 and Extrude2 to
Inlet Lid and Outlet Lid, correspondingly.

Not sure you have created the lids properly? SolidWorks Flow Simulation can easily
check your model for possible geometry problems.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Checking the Geometry

1 To ensure the model is fully closed, click Flow
Simulation, Tools, Check Geometry.
2 Click Check to calculate the fluid volume of the
model. If the fluid volume is equal to zero, the
model is not closed properly.

Note: This Check Geometry tool allows you to

calculate the total fluid and solid volumes,
check bodies for possible geometry
problems (i.e. tangent contact) and
visualize the fluid area and solid body as
separate models.

Creating Lids Automatically

The previous step showed the manual lid creation. In the next step you will practice the
SolidWorks Flow Simulation automatic lid creation tool. This tool can save considerable
amount of time if multiple lids are needed to close the internal volume.

Deleting manually created lids

Delete Inlet Lid and Outlet Lid features.

Creating Inlet and Outlet Lids

1 Click Flow Simulation, Tools, Create Lids.
The Create Lids dialog box appears.
2 Select the two inlet
and outlet faces
shown in the figure.
3 Click to
complete the lid
definitions.
4 Rename the newly
created features
LID1 and LID2 to
Inlet Lid and
Outlet Lid, respectively.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Note: In the assembly mode, each newly created lid forms a new part saved in
the assembly folder.

The first step in performing flow analysis is to create a SolidWorks Flow Simulation
project.

Creating a Project
1 Click Flow Simulation, Project, Wizard. The project wizard guides you through the
definition of a new SolidWorks Flow Simulation project.
2 In the Project Configuration dialog box,
click Use current (40 degrees).
Each SolidWorks Flow Simulation
project is associated with a SolidWorks
configuration. You can attach the project
either to the current SolidWorks
configuration or create a new SolidWorks
configuration based on the current one.
Click Next.

3 In the Unit System dialog box you can

select the desired system of units for both
input and output (results).
For this project we accept the default
selection of SI (International System).
Click Next.

4 In the Analysis Type dialog box you can

select either Internal or External type of
the flow analysis. This dialog also allows
you to specify advanced physical features
you want to take into account: heat
transfer in solids, surface-to-surface
radiation, time-dependent effects, gravity
and rotation.
Specify Internal type and accept the
default values for the other settings. Click
Next.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

5 In the Default Fluid dialog box you can

select the fluid type. The selected fluid
type is assigned by default for all fluids in
the analysis.
Click Liquids and then double-click the
Water item in the Liquids list.
Leave defaults under Flow
Characteristics and click Next.

Note: The SolidWorks Flow Simulation Engineering Database contains

physical properties of predefined and user-defined gases, real gases,
incompressible liquids, non-Newtonian liquids, compressible liquids,
solid substances and porous materials. It includes both constant values
and tabular dependencies of various physical parameters on temperature
and pressure.
The Engineering Database also contains unit systems, values of thermal
contact resistance for various solid materials, properties of radiative
surfaces and integral physical characteristics of some technical devices,
namely, fans, heat sinks, and thermoelectric coolers. You can easily
create your own substances, units, fan curves or specify a custom
parameter you want to visualize.

6 In the Wall Conditions dialog box you

can specify the wall roughness value and
the wall thermal condition.
In this project we will not deal with the
rough walls and heat conduction through
the walls, so leave the default settings and
click Next.

7 In the Initial Conditions dialog box

specify initial values of the flow
parameters. For steady internal problems,
the values specified closer to the expected
flow field will reduce the analysis time.
For this project use the default values.
Click Next.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Note: For steady flow problems SolidWorks Flow Simulation iterates until the
solution converges. For unsteady (transient, or time-dependent) problems
SolidWorks Flow Simulation marches in time for a period you specify.

8 In the Results and Geometry

Resolution dialog box you can control the
analysis accuracy as well as the mesh
settings and, by this, the required
computer resources (CPU time and
memory).
For this project accept the default Result
resolution level 3.
Result resolution governs the solution
accuracy that can be interpreted as
resolution of calculation results. You
specify result resolution in accordance with the desired solution accuracy, available
CPU time and computer memory. Because this setting has an influence on the number
of generated mesh cells, a more accurate solution requires longer CPU time and more
computer memory.
Geometry Resolution (specified through the Minimum gap size and the Minimum
wall thickness) governs proper resolution of geometrical model features by the
computational mesh. Naturally, finer geometry resolution requires more computer
resources.
Select the Manual specification of the minimum gap size check box and enter
0.04 m for the minimum flow passage.

0.04 m

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Note: SolidWorks Flow Simulation calculates the default minimum gap size
and minimum wall thickness using information about the overall model
dimensions, the computational domain, and faces on which you specify
conditions and goals. However, this information may be insufficient to
recognize relatively small gaps and thin model walls. This may cause
inaccurate results. In these cases, the Minimum gap size and Minimum
wall thickness must be specified manually.

Click Finish.

SolidWorks Flow Simulation Design Tree

After the basic part of the project has been created, a new SolidWorks Flow Simulation
design tree tab appears on the right side of the Configuration Manager tab.

Note: The SolidWorks Flow Simulation Design Tree provides a convenient

specification of project data and view of results. You also can use the
SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree to modify or delete the various
SolidWorks Flow Simulation features.

At the same time, in the SolidWorks graphics area a

computational domain
computational domain wireframe box appears. The flow
and heat transfer calculations are performed inside the
computational domain. The computational domain is a
rectangular prism for both the 3D and 2D analyses. The
computational domain boundaries are parallel to the
global coordinate system planes.
Now let us specify the other parts of the project.

The next step is the specifycation of the boundary conditions. Boundary conditions are
used to specify the fluid characteristics at the model inlets and outlets in an internal flow
analysis or on model surfaces in an external flow analysis.

Specifying Boundary Conditions

1 Click Flow Simulation, Insert, Boundary Condition.
2 Select the Inlet Lid inner face (in contact with the fluid).
To access the inner face, right-click the lid’s outer face and
choose Select Other. Right-click the mouse to cycle through
the faces under the cursor until the inner face is highlighted,
then click the left mouse button.
The selected face appears in the Faces to Apply the
Boundary Condition list.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

3 In the Type group box, click Flow Openings and select the
Inlet Velocity item.
4 In the Flow Parameters group box, click Normal to Face
item and set the Velocity Normal to Face to 1 m/s (just type the
value, the units will appear automatically).
Accept all other parameters and click .
By specifying this condition we define that the water enters the
valve at the ball valve pipe inlet with the velocity of 1.0 m/s.
5 Select the Outlet Lid inner face.
In the graphics area, right-click outside the model and
select Insert Boundary Condition. The Boundary
Condition PropertyManager appears with the selected
face in the Faces to Apply the Boundary Condition
list.

Let us specify pressure on this boundary, otherwise the problem specification is

deficient. Before the calculation starts, SolidWorks Flow Simulation checks the
specified boundary conditions for mass flow rate balance. The specification of
boundary conditions is incorrect if the total mass flow rate on the inlets is not equal to
the total mass flow rate on the outlets. In such case the calculation will not start. Also,
note that the mass flow rate value is recalculated from the velocity or volume flow rate
value specified on an opening. Specifying at least one Pressure opening condition allow
us to avoid problems with mass flow rate balance, since the mass flow rate on a
Pressure opening is not specified but calculated during the problem solution.

6 Click Pressure Openings and in the Type of Boundary

Condition list select the Static Pressure item.
7 Accept the default values for all of the other parameters (101325
Pa for Static Pressure, 293.2 K for the Temperature, for
example).
8 Click .

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Engineering Goals
By specifying this condition we define that the water has a static pressure of 1 atm at the
ball valve pipe exit.
The model’s hydraulic loss  is calculated as the difference between the model’s inlet total
pressure and the outlet total pressure, P, divided by the dynamic pressure (dynamic head)
determined at the model inlet:
2
V
 =  dP   --------- =  dP   P dyn
2
where  is water density, V is water inlet velocity, Pdyn is the dynamic pressure at inlet.
Since we already know the specified water velocity (1 m ---- ) and the water density (998.1934
s
kg
------ for the specified temperature of 293.2 K), our goal is to determine the total pressure
3
m
value at the valve’s inlet and outlet.
The easiest and fastest way to find the parameter of interest is to specify the corresponding
engineering goal.
Engineering goals are the parameters which the user is interested in. Setting goals is
essentially a way of conveying to SolidWorks Flow Simulation what you are trying to get
out of the analysis, as well as means of reducing the time SolidWorks Flow Simulation
takes to reach a solution. By only selecting the variable which the user desires accurate
values for, SolidWorks Flow Simulation knows which variables are important to converge
upon (the variables selected as goals) and which can be less accurate (the variables not
selected as goals) in the interest of time. Goals can be defined over the entire domain
(Global Goals), within a selected volume (Volume Goal), on a selected area (Surface
Goal) or at a specific point of the model (Point Goal). Furthermore, SolidWorks Flow
Simulation can consider either average, minimum or maximum parameter value to define
the goal. You can also define an Equation Goal that is a goal defined by an equation
(involving basic mathematical functions) with the existing goals as variables. The
equation goal allows you to calculate the parameter of interest (i.e., pressure drop) and
keeps this information in the project for later reference.

Specifying Surface Goals

1 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree, right-
click the Goals icon and select Insert Surface Goal.
2 Select the inner face of the Inlet Lid.
To easily select a face, simply click the
Inlet Velocity 1 item in the SolidWorks Flow
Simulation design tree. The face related to the specified
boundary condition is automatically selected and appears
in the Faces to Apply the Surface Goal list.
3 In the Parameter list, find Total Pressure. Click in the
Av column to use the average value and keep selected
Use for conv. to use this goal for the convergence
control.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Note: To see the parameter names more clearly, you will probably find useful
to enlarge the PropertyManager area by dragging the vertical bar to the
right.

4 Click .
5 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree click-pause-click the new
SG Av Total Pressure 1 item and rename it to SG Average Total
Pressure Inlet.

Note: Another way to rename an item is to right-click the item and select
Properties.

6 Right-click the Goals icon again and select Insert Surface Goal.
7 Click the Static Pressure 1 item in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree
to select the inner face of the Outlet Lid.
8 In the Parameter list, find Total Pressure.

9 Click in the Av column and then click .

10 Click-pause-click the new SG Av Total Pressure 1 item and rename it to SG
Average Total Pressure Outlet.
11 Right-click the Goals icon again and select Insert Surface Goal.

12 Click the Inlet Velocity 1 item to select the inner face of the Inlet Lid.

13 In the Parameter list, find Dynamic Pressure.

14 Click in the Av column and then click .

15 Click-pause-click the new SG Average Dynamic
Pressure1 item and rename it to SG Average
Dynamic Pressure Inlet.
The value of the dynamic pressure at the inlet can be
calculated manually. We have specified the dynamic pressure goal just for the convenience
of the further calculation of hydraulic losses.
After finishing the calculation you will need to manually calculate the hydraulic loss 
from the obtained total pressures values. Instead, let SolidWorks Flow Simulation make
all the necessary calculations for you by specifying an Equation Goal.

Specifying the Equation Goal

Equation Goal is a goal defined by an analytical function of the existing goals. This goal
can be monitored during the calculation and while displaying results in the same way as
the other goals. Any of the existing goals can be used as variables, including other
equation goals, except those that are dependent on other equation goals. You can also use
constants in the definition of the equation goal.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

1 Right-click the Goals icon and select Insert

Equation Goal. The Equation Goal dialog box
appears.

2 Click the left bracket button or type “(“.

3 In the Goals list select the SG Average
Total Pressure Inlet goal. The goal is
then automatically added in the Expression
field.
4 Click the minus button or type "-".
5 In the Goals list select the SG Average
Total Pressure Outlet goal.
6 Click the right bracket and the forward slash
buttons, or type ")/".
7 In the Goals list select the SG Average Dynamic Pressure Inlet goal
name.
8 In the Dimensionality list select No units.

Note: To set an Equation Goal you can use only existing goals (including
previously specified Equation Goals) and constants. If constants signify
some physical parameters (i.e. length, area etc.) make sure of using the
project’s system of units. SolidWorks Flow Simulation has no
information about the physical meaning of the specified constants so you
need to specify the displayed dimensionality manually.

9 Click OK. The Equation Goal 1 item appears in the tree.

10 Rename it to Hydraulic Loss.

Now the SolidWorks Flow Simulation project is ready for the calculation. SolidWorks
Flow Simulation will finish the calculation when the steady-state average value of total
pressure calculated at the valve inlet and outlet are reached.

Running the Calculation

1 Click Flow Simulation, Solve, Run.
The Run dialog box appears.
2 Click Run to start the calculation.

The calculation should take about 2

minutes to run on a 2.26 GHz Pentium M
computer.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

SolidWorks Flow Simulation

automatically generates a computational
mesh in accordance with your settings of
Result resolution and Geometry
resolution. The mesh is created by
dividing the computational domain into
cells, i.e. elementary rectangular volumes.
The cells are further subdivided as
necessary to resolve properly the model
geometry and flow features. This process
is called mesh refinement. During the
mesh generation procedure, you can see the current step and the mesh information in the
Mesh Generation dialog box.

Monitoring the Solver

This is the solution monitor dialog box.
To the left you may see the stepwise log of
the solution process. The information
dialog box arranged to the right contains
summary information on the mesh and
any warnings on different issues that may
arise during the analysis.
During the calculation you can monitor
the convergence behavior of your goals
(Goal Plot), view the current results in the
specified plane (Preview) and display the minimum and maximum parameter values at the
current iteration (Min/Max table).

Creating Goal Plot

1 Click Insert Goal Plot on the Solver toolbar. The Add/Remove Goals dialog
box appears.
2 Click Add All to check all goals and
click OK.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

This is the Goal Plot dialog box. All added goals

together with their current values are listed at the
top part of the window, as well as the current
progress towards completion given as a
percentage. The progress value is only an estimate
and generally (but not necessarily) increases with
time. Below you can see the graph of all goals.
Convergence is an iterative process. The
discretization of the flow field imposes conditions
on each parameter and each parameter cannot
reach an absolutely stable value but will oscillate
near this value from iteration to iteration. When
SolidWorks Flow Simulation analyzes the goal's convergence, it calculates the goal's
dispersion defined as the difference between the goal's maximum and minimum values
over the analysis interval reckoned from the last iteration and compares this dispersion
with the goal's convergence criterion dispersion, either specified by you or automatically
determined by SolidWorks Flow Simulation. Once the oscillations are less than the
convergence criterion the goal becomes converged.

Preview Results
1 While the calculation is still running,
click Insert Preview on the
Solver toolbar. The Preview
Settings dialog box appears.
2 Click the FeatureManager tab .

3 Select Plane 2.
For this model Plane 2 is a good choice to use as the preview
plane. The preview plane can be chosen anytime from the Feature
Manager.
4 Click OK to display the preview plot of the static pressure
distribution.

Note: You can specify a parameter you want to display in the preview plane,
the parameter range and display options for velocity vectors at the
Setting tab of the Preview Settings dialog box.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

The preview allows one to look at

the results while the calculation is
still running. This helps to
determine if all the boundary
conditions are correctly defined and
gives the user idea of how the
solution will look even at this early
stage.
At the start of the run the results might look odd or change abruptly. However, as the
run progresses these changes will lessen and the results will settle in on a converged
solution. The result can be displayed either in contours, isolines or vector
representation.

Note: Why does the static pressure increase at the local region inside the valve?
This is due to a deceleration (up to stagnation within a small region) of
the stream impacting the valve’s wall in this region, so the stream’s
dynamic pressure is partly transformed into the static pressure while the
stream’s total pressure is nearly constant in this region, so the static
pressure rises.

5 When the solver is finished, close the monitor by clicking File, Close.

Accessing the Results

Expand the Results folder in the project tree by clicking the corresponding (+) sign.

Note: When the solver is finished, the results are loaded automatically (unless
the Load results check box in the Run window has been unchecked).
However, when working with a previously calculated project, you need
to load the results manually by clicking Flow Simulation, Results,
Load/Unload Results.

Once the calculation finishes, you can view the saved calculation results in numerous
ways and in a customized manner directly within the graphics area. The Result folder
features functions that may be used to view your results: Cut Plots (section views of
parameter distribution), 3D-Profile Plots (section views in relief representation),
Surface Plots (distribution of a parameter on a selected surface), Isosurfaces,
Flow Trajectories, Particle Studies (particle trajectories), XY Plots
(diagrams of parameter behavior along a curve or sketch), Point Parameters
(getting parameters at specified points), Surface Parameters (getting parameters at
specified surfaces), Volume Parameters (getting parameters within specified
volumes), Goals (behavior of the specified goals during the calculation), Reports
(export of project report output into MS Word) and Animation of results.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Creating a Cut Plot

1 Right-click the Cut Plots icon and select Insert. The Cut Plot dialog box appears.
The Cut Plot displays results of a selected parameter in a
selected view section. To define the view section, you can use
SolidWorks planes or model planar faces (with the additional
shift if necessary). The parameter values can be represented as
a contour plot, isolines, vectors, or in a combination (e.g.
contours with overlaid vectors).
2 Click the SolidWorks FeatureManager and select Plane2. Its
name appears in the Section Plane or Planar Face list on the
Selection tab.
3 In the Cut Plot PropertyManager window, in addition to
displaying Contours , click Vectors .
4 In the Contours group box, in the Parameter box select X-
Component of Velocity.
5 In the Vectors group box, using the slider set the Vector
Spacing to approximately 0.012 m.
6 Click to create the cut plot. The new Cut Plot 1 item
appears in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree.

However, the cut plot is not seen through the model. In order to see the plot, you can hide
the model by clicking Flow Simulation, Results, Display, Geometry (alternatively, you
can use the standard SolidWorks Section View option) or change the model transparency
(as is done in the next step below).
1 Click the Flow Simulation, Results, Display, Geometry
to show the model. Click Flow Simulation, Results,
Display, Transparency and drag the slider to set the
value of approximately 0.85.
Click .

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

2 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree, right-click

the Computational Domain icon and select Hide.
Now you can see a contour plot of the velocity and the
velocity vectors projected on the plot.

For better visualization of the vortex you can scale small vectors:
1 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree, under Cut Plots, right-click the
Cut Plot 1 icon and select Edit Definition.
2 In the Vectors group box,select Adjust Minimum and
Maximum. Change the Min value to 2 m/s.
Type 0.02 m in the Arrow size box.
By specifying the custom Min we change the vector length so
the vectors whose velocity is less than the specified Min value
will have the same length as the vectors whose velocity is equal
to the Min. This allows us to visualize the low velocity area in
more details.
Click OK to save the changes and exit the dialog box.
Immediately the cut plot is updated.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Displaying Flow Trajectories

With the use of Flow trajectories you can show the flow streamlines. Flow streamlines
provide a very clear and comprehensible representation of the flow peculiarities. You can
also see how parameters change along each trajectory by exporting data into Excel.
Additionally, you can save trajectories as SolidWorks reference curves.
1 Right-click the Cut Plot 1 icon and select Hide.

2 Right-click the Flow Trajectories icon and select

Insert. The Flow Trajectories dialog box appears.
3 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation Design Tree, click the
Static Pressure 1 item to select the inner face of the
Outlet Lid. Trajectories launched from the outlet opening
will better visualize the vortex occurring downstream the
valve’s obstacle.
4 Set the Number of points to 50.
5 Click the Constraints tab and decrease the Maximum length
of trajectories to 2 m.
6 Click OK to display trajectories.

Rotate the model to examine the 3D structure of the vortices in more detail.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Creating a Goal Plot

The Goal Plot allows you to study the goal changes in the course of the calculation.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation uses Microsoft Excel to display the goal plot data. Each goal
plot is displayed in a separate sheet. The converged values of all project goals are
displayed in the Summary sheet of an automatically created Excel workbook.
1 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree, under
Results, right-click the Goals icon and select Insert. The
Goal Plots dialog box appears.
2 Click Add All.

3 Click OK. The goals1 Excel workbook is created.

This workbook displays how the goal values had changed during
the calculation. You can take the total pressure value presented in
the Summary sheet.

Cloning Project
The current calculation yields the total hydraulic resistance  including both valve's
hydraulic resistance  (due to the obstacle) and the tubes' hydraulic resistance due to
friction f :  =  + f. To obtain the valve’s resistance, it is necessary to subtract from the
obtained data the total pressure loss due to friction in a straight pipe of the same length and
diameter. To do that, we will perform the same calculations in the ball valve model whose
handle is turned by an angle of 0o.
You can create a new SolidWorks Flow Simulation project in three ways:
• The Project Wizard is the most straightforward way of creating a SolidWorks Flow
Simulation project. It guides you step-by-step through the analysis set-up process.
• To analyze different flow or model variations, the most efficient method is to clone
(copy) your current project. The new project will have all the settings of the cloned
project, optionally including the results settings.
• You can create a SolidWorks Flow Simulation project by using a Template, either a
default template or custom template created from a previous SolidWorks Flow
Simulation project. Template contains only general project settings (the settings you
specify in the Wizard and General Settings only) and does not contain the other project
features like boundary conditions, goals, etc.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

The easiest way to create a new SolidWorks configuration for 0o angle and specify the
same condition as the 40o angle project is to clone the existing 40 project.
1 Click Flow Simulation, Project, Clone Project.

2 Click Create New.

3 In the Configuration name box, type 00 degrees.

4 Click OK.

Now the new SolidWorks Flow SimulationSolidWorks

Flow Simulation project is attached to the new 00
degrees configuration and has inherited all the settings
from the 40 degrees project. All our input data is copied, so we do not need to redefine
anything. All changes will only be applied to this new configuration, not affecting the old
project and its results.

Changing the Valve Angle

1 In the SolidWorks
FeatureManager, right-click
the Angle Definition
feature and select Edit
Feature.

2 A Flow Simulation warning appears:

Flow Simulation has detected that the model was modified.
Do you want to reset mesh settings?
Click Yes.
Click OK if a rebuild error appears.
3 In the At angle box, type 90.
Click OK .
4 After clicking OK, two warning messages appear asking you to rebuild the
computational mesh and to reset the computational domain.
Answer Yes to the both messages.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Changing the Geometry Resolution

Since at the zero angle the ball valve becomes a simple straight pipe, there is no need to set
the Minimum gap size value smaller than the default gap size which, in our case, is
automatically set equal to the pipe’s diameter (the automatic minimum gap size depends
on the characteristic size of the faces on which the boundary conditions are set). Note that
using a smaller gap size will result in a finer mesh which, in turn, will require more
CPU time and memory. To solve your task in the most effective way you should choose
the optimal settings for the task.
1 Click Flow Simulation, Initial Mesh.

2 Clear the Manual specification of

the minimum gap size check box.
3 Click OK.

Changing the Computational Domain

You can take advantage of the symmetry

Symmetry
of the straight pipe to reduce the CPU time and
memory requirements for the computation. Since the
flow is symmetric at two directions (Y and Z), it is
possible to “cut” the model in one fourth and use a
symmetry boundary condition on the planes of
symmetry. This procedure is not required but is
recommended for efficient analyses.

Note: The symmetric conditions can be applied only if you are sure that the
flow is symmetric. Note that sometimes symmetry of both the model and
the incoming flow does not guarantee symmetry in other flow regions,
e.g. a von Karman vortex street behind a cylinder. In our case, the flow in
the straight pipe is symmetric so we can reduce the computational
domain.

1 In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation design tree right-click the Computational

Domain icon and select Edit Definition. The Computational Domain dialog box
appears.
In the Computational Domain dialog box you can perform the following:
• Resize the Computational Domain.
• Apply the Symmetry boundary condition. The flow symmetry planes can be utilized
as computational domain boundaries with specified Symmetry conditions on them.
In this case, the computational domain boundaries must coincide with the flow
symmetry planes.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

• Specify a 2D plane flow. If you are fully confident that the flow is a 2D plane flow,
you can redefine the computational domain from the default 3D analysis to a 2D
plane flow analysis that results in decreases in memory and CPU time requirements.
To activate a 2D planar analysis, select 2D plane flow on the Boundary Condition
tab.
2 In the Y min box type 0.
3 In the Z min box type 0.
4 In the At Y min and At Z min lists select Symmetry.
5 Click OK.
Click Flow Simulation, Solve, Run. Then click Run to start the
calculation.

Getting the Valve’s Hydraulic Loss

After the calculation is finished, close the monitor dialog box and create the goal plot with
the newly obtained results.

Now you can calculate the valve’s hydraulic loss in the ball valve whose handle is turned
by 40o. To determine the parameter's steady-state value more accurately, it would be more
accurate to use the values averaged over the analysis interval, which are shown in the
Averaged Value column.

Total hydraulic losses (40 deg) Friction losses (0 deg) Valve’s loss

20.98 0.19 20.79

Save Your Work and Exit SolidWorks

1 Click on the Standard toolbar or click File, Save.
2 Click File, Exit on the Main menu.

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

5 Minute Assessment

1 What is SolidWorks Flow Simulation?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2 How do you start a SolidWorks Flow Simulation session?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3 What is a fluid flow analysis?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4 Why analysis is important?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5 What kind of analyses is typical for SolidWorks Flow Simulation internal flow
analyses?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6 What is the specific requirement of SolidWorks Flow Simulation internal analyses?
_____________________________________________________________________
7 How can you ensure the model is closed?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8 Why is it necessary to add lids to the ball valve model openings?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
9 What is the first step to start a SolidWorks Flow Simulation analysis?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
10 In what ways can a SolidWorks Flow Simulation project be created?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
11 How do you specify a fluid for a project?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

_____________________________________________________________________

12 How does a user define a fluid entering the model with a velocity of 1 m/s?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
13 The model has a mirror symmetry. Is it OK then to use the Symmetry boundary
condition at the model’s symmetry plane?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
14 How do you define a 2D XY plane flow analysis?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
15 Is it necessary to specify project goals to start the calculation?

_____________________________________________________________________
16 How do you start a calculation?

_____________________________________________________________________
17 In the case when you are working with the previously calculated project, what needs to
be done first before viewing the result information?
_____________________________________________________________________
18 What display features are available in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to view the
calculation results?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
19 How can you calculate the total pressure value for a steady state incompressible fluid?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
20 What is the definition of the total hydraulic resistance (loss) of an obstacle in a pipe?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Project — Hydraulic Loss Due to Sudden Expansion

When the fluid passes through ball valve it undergoes two sudden contractions and two
sudden expansions. Let us employ SolidWorks Flow Simulation to calculate the hydraulic
loss in the simple 2D channel with the sudden expansion.

Tasks
1 Open the Bilateral expansion channel.sldprt file in the part located in
the corresponding subfolder of the SolidWorks
Curriculum_and_Courseware_2010 folder.
The model is a shell so it is fully closed (the
front face on the picture at the right is made
transparent to view the results). Therefore, inlet

there is no need to create lids.

For easy selection, check that the Enable outlet

selection through transparency option is

enabled under the Display/Selection page
of the System Options dialog box,
accessible by clicking Tools, Options.
2 Using the Wizard, create the SolidWorks Flow Simulation project for internal water
analysis with the Result resolution level set to 5 (all other settings are default).
Answer: Do the following:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3 Specify that water with the velocity of 1 m/s enters the
model through the inlet opening. What is the mass flow
Specify inlet
rate of the incoming water in this case? velocity of 1 m/s
on this face.

_____________________________________________________________________
4 Specify that water exits the model through the outlet
opening to an area of static atmosphere pressure. What is Specify static
the value of the ambient static atmosphere pressure in Pa? atmosphere
pressure at this

_____________________________________________________________________

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5 Specify 2D XY plane flow analysis. 2D computational domain

It is known from hydrodynamics that channels

with a sudden expansion generate hydraulic
resistance to the flow due to a loss of flow energy caused by vortices in the vortex region
downstream of the sudden expansion. Naturally, these regions add to the hydraulic
resistance caused by the wall friction as well.
To consider the hydraulic resistance due to the sudden expansion only, let us replace in the
calculations the channel's real walls by the "Ideal Walls" boundary condition option in
SolidWorks Flow Simulation, which applies adiabatic frictionless walls. As a result, any
wall friction will be absent (of course, this can be done in calculations only and it is
impossible in physical experiments). The wall friction's influence on the generated
vortices, and therefore on the sudden expansion hydraulic resistance, will be neglected for
this analysis.
6 Specify the Ideal Wall boundary Make these walls ideal.
condition at the channel’s walls
(colored in green).

Make these walls ideal.

7 Specify the Total Pressure and

Dynamic Pressure surface goals at inlet.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
8 Specify the Total Pressure surface goal at outlet.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
9 Specify the Equation goal calculating the total hydraulic loss.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10 Run the calculation.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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11 Plot the velocity distribution along the channel.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
12 Obtain the hydraulic loss caused by the model’s sudden expansion by viewing the
equation goal average value.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 1 Vocabulary Worksheet

Name ________________________________Class: _________ Date:_______________

Fill in the blanks with the proper words.

1 The fluid flow equations solved by SolidWorks Flow Simulation:

_____________________________________________________________________
2 The method used for solving these equations with SolidWorks Flow Simulation:
_____________________________________________________________________
3 The method used for solving time-independent problems with SolidWorks Flow
Simulation:
_____________________________________________________________________
4 The process of subdividing the model into small pieces:
_____________________________________________________________________
5 Splitting mesh cells into smaller ones to better resolve a solid/fluid interface or solution
behavior:
_____________________________________________________________________
6 The feature that allows users to track the convergence of a flow parameter(s) in a
SolidWorks Flow Simulation project:
_____________________________________________________________________
7 The physical feature which must be selected in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to initiate
temperature calculation in solids:
_____________________________________________________________________
8 The physical feature which must be selected in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to obtain a
time-dependent solution:
_____________________________________________________________________
9 The physical feature which must be selected in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to
calculate a flow with significant supersonic regions:
_____________________________________________________________________
10 The physical feature which must be selected in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to
properly calculate a heat convection and/or mixing fluids in low-velocity flows not in
weightlessness:
_____________________________________________________________________
11 The physical feature which must be selected in SolidWorks Flow Simulation to fully
suppress any flow turbulence in the computational domain:
_____________________________________________________________________
12 The SolidWorks Flow Simulation approach of specifying a distributed resistance to a
fluid flow:
_____________________________________________________________________

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

13 Liquids whose viscosity depends on flow velocity gradients:

_____________________________________________________________________

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 Basic Functionality of SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Lesson 1 Quiz

Name: _______________________________Class: _________ Date:_______________

Directions: Answer each question by writing the correct answer or answers in the space
provided.

1 What is the specific requirement in SolidWorks Flow Simulation for internal analyses?
_____________________________________________________________________
2 What if the fluid used in my design is not defined in the Engineering Database?
_____________________________________________________________________
3 What is the reason for specifying goals in a project?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4 Why is it important to specify the proper minimum gap size?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5 How does a user define a fluid exiting the model at static atmospheric pressure?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6 After obtaining the results you intend to recalculate after changing a boundary
condition's value. Do you have to regenerate the computational mesh?
_____________________________________________________________________
7 Can you obtain intermediate results during the calculation?
_____________________________________________________________________
8 How do you load results?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
9 You have specified a goal. How can you see the goal value after finishing the calculation?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
10 When can the symmetry condition be applied?

_____________________________________________________________________
11 What causes hydraulic losses in a pipeline?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

SolidWorks Flow Simulation Student Workbook 35