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 CONTENTS
1. Analogy 1-5

2. Coding & Decoding 6-11

3. Directions 12-19

4. Venn Diagram 20-26

5. Seating Arrangement 27-33

6. Blood Relations 34-38

7. Syllogism 39-47

8. Clocks & Calenders 48-55

9. Puzzles 56-88

10. Dice 89-98

11. Cubes & Cuboids 99-103

12. Paper Folding 104-113

13. Images 114-120

14. Logical Ability 121-129

15. Graphs & Charts 130-141

16. Data Sufficiency 142-148

 1 ANALOGY
CHAPTER

From analogy, we mean that – of one kind or similarity. Therefore, objective of solving questions of this
chapter is to understand the similarity between given objects or to analyse the inherent internal relation among
given groups.
Question type (1): In this type of questions, two objects related to a particular relation are given and a
third object and some options are given. We have to find out that out of the given options, which one has the
same relation with the third object as first object has with the second.
Example 1: Peacock : India :: Kangaroo : ?
Answer: Australia
∴  To solve questions of analogy, we need to do following two works–
1. To understand the relation between two words/letter groups/numbers given in the question, and then
2. To select the correct option from given options related with the third words/letter groups/number.
Example 2: 43 : 12 : : 84 : ?
Answer: Here the relation between first two numbers is that the second number is the product of digits
of first number. i.e. 4 × 3 = 12
∴  fourth number = 8 × 4 = 32
Question type (2): In this type of questions, three words are given who have some common specialities.
For every question, few options are given in which any one has same speciality as the question's words have.
We have to choose that option.
Example 3: Fruit, Flower, Stem
(a) fragrance (b) forest (c) grass (d) leaf
Answer: Right answer = (d) leaf, because all the three words given in the question are organs of a tree
and leaf is also an organ of the tree.
Question type (3): In this type of questions also, few words are given which have a common feature. One
of the option given below the question shows that relation or common feature. We have to find out the correct
option.
Example 4: Panther, Tiger, Lion
(a) Extinct (b) Circus (c) Carnivorous (d) Zoo
Answer: (c) because this is the best suitable feature which identifies the words given in the question.
Question type (4): Four options are given in this type of questions in which any three hold some certain
speciality while the fourth is different from other there. We have to find out the fourth option.
Example 5:
(a) 52 – 6 (b) 48 – 8 (c) 64 – 4 (d) 84 – 7
Answer: (a) because in other three opinions, first number is divided by the second but 52 is not divisible of 6.
 CSAT – General Mental Ability

EXERCISE
Instruction for Q. No. 1 to 19: Keeping in mind the 1 5. CXEV : EVGT : : AZGT : ?
relation between numbers of the first pair, find the (a) DYBW (b) CXIR
possible number for the 2nd pair from the options. (c) CVET (d) None of these
1. 43 : 12 : : 84 : ? 16. RAMA : UDPD : : MONA : ?
(a) 46 (b) 32 (a) PRQD (b) OPQR
(c) 12 (d) None of these (c) ZYST (d) STUV
2. 54 : 20 : : 72 : ? 17. BLACK : DXBFV : : CAGE : ?
(a) 31 (b) 27 (a) XZWT (b) DBFC
(c) 14 (d) None of these (c) ZXYT (d) FBNJ
3. 62 : 12 : : 81 : ? 18. BLACK : YOZXP : : CAGE : ?
(a) 8 (b) 11 (a) DBFC (b) ZXYT
(c) 27 (d) None of these (c) XZTV (d) FBNJ
4. 15 : 32 : : 12 : ? F 21 D
(a) 22 (b) 42 19. : :: : ?
I 18 L
(c) 26 (d) None of these
23 4
5. 22 : 46 : : 18 : ? (a) (b)
(a) 34 (b) 38 15
15
(c) 42 (d) None of these 23
6. 27 : 58 : : 21 : ? (c) (d) None of these
12
(a) 46 (b) 48
(c) 54 (d) None of these Instruction for Q. No. 20 to 29: Three words are
7. 422 : 21 : : 366 : ? given in the following questions which have common
(a) 18 (b) 66 feature. Four options are given below the three words,
(c) 36 (d) 6 one of which has that same common feature. Find the
8. AD : ZW : : CF : ? word.
(a) VU (b) XU 20. Fruit, Flower, Stem
(c) XZ (d) ZU (a) Scent (b) Leaf
9. GC : TX : : FB : ? (c) Vegetation (d) Forest
(a) UY (b) VX 21. Cricket, Tennis, Kabaddi
(c) UZ (d) YU (a) Game (b) Field
10. AD : WZ : : CF : ? (c) Football (d) Team
(a) UX (b) XU 22. High Jump, Race, Javelin throw
(c) ZX (d) XZ (a) Shot put (b) Cricket
11. GC : XT : : IE : ? (c) Hockey (d) Kabaddi
(a) RU (b) SV 23. Combodia, Myanmar,Thailand
(c) VR (d) UR (a) Australia (b) Sri Lanka
12. RAM : 49 : : JON : ? (c) Mongolia (d) Vietnam
(a) 42 (b) 39 24. Istanbul, Beijing, London
(c) 34 (d) 48 (a) Mumbai (b) Shanghai
13. RAM : 32 : : SHAM : ? (c) Tehran (d) Sidney
(a) 67 (b) 36 25. Cow, Buffalo, Sheep
(c) 41 (d) 54 (a) Elephant
14. RAM : 49 : : SHAM : ? (b) Giraffe
(a) 67 (b) 36 (c) Tiger
(c) 41 (d) 54 (d) Donkey

2
Analogy

26. Dollar, Rupee, Yuan 3 6. Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai

(a) Euro (a) Metropolitan (b) Population
(b) Business (c) Metro Rail (d) Chennai
(c) Visa 37. Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal, Red Fort
(d) United Nations (a) Marble
27. Chess, Carrom Board, Table Tennis (b) Shahjahan
(a) Game (b) Cricket (c) Ancient residential Buildings
(c) Billiards (d) Polo (d) Heritage
28. Motorcycle, Car, Cycle Instructions for Q. No. 38 to 46: Three out of four
(a) Scooter (b) Aeroplane options given in the following questions are somehow
(c) Metro (d) Bus different from one option and they form a group of
29. Lucknow, Bhubaneshwar, Shillong themselves in this way. Find out the option which is
(a) Kanpur (b) Bengaluru different from other three options. Find out the one
(c) Surat (d) Pune which is different from these three?
Instructions for Q. No. 30 to 37: Three words are 38. (a) 52 – 6 (b) 48 – 8
given in the following questions. Four options are (c) 64 – 4 (d) 84 – 7
given below these questions, one of which is 39. (a) 8 (b) 4
representative of the three words. Find that option. (c) 125 (d) 64
40. (a) 8 (b) 4
30. Cheetah, Lion, Tiger
(c) 25 (d) 64
(a) Zoo (b) Extinct
41. (a) 74 (b) 63
(c) Circus (d) Carnivorous
(c) 37 (d) 57
31. Cow, Dog, Buffalo
42. (a) BATGZY
(a) Herbivorous (b) Domestic (b) CAPKZX
(c) Milk (d) Black (c) DOGTLW
32. Goat, Sheep, Monkey (d) OXFAME
(a) Herbivorous (b) Skin 43. (a) 12 – 144 (b) 8 – 96
(c) Tree (d) Domestic (c) 13 – 143 (d) 11 – 132
33. Cub, Calf, Pup 44. (a) 17 – 85 (b) 18 – 80
(a) Innocent (b) Offspring (c) 20 – 100 (d) 19 – 95
(c) Cute (d) Attractive 45. (a) H - U (b) J - Q
34. Shirt, Pant, Coat (c) K - P (d) G - T
(a) Black (b) Jeans 46. (a) IAS – Indian Administrative Service
(c) Cloth (d) Lower Clothes (b) IPS – Indian Police Service
35. Bungalow, Flat, Building (c) IFOS – Indian Forest Service
(a) Apartment (d) IRS – Indian Revenue Service
(b) House 47. RAM : 32 : : JON : ?
(c) Brick (a) 42 (b) 39
(d) Paint and Furniture (c) 34 (d) 48

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (b)

3
 CSAT – General Mental Ability

SOLUTIONS
1. 43 : 12 : : 84 : ? 1 4. RAM = 9 + 26 + 14 = 49
 12 = 4 × 3 ⇒ SHAM = 8 + 19 + 26 + 14 = 67
∴ 8 × 4 = 32 15.
2. 54 : 20 : : 72 : ?
 5 × 4 = 20
⇒ 7 × 2 = 14
3. 62 : 12 : : 81 : ?
 6 × 2 = 12
⇒ 8 × 1 = 8 ⇒
= CXIR
4. 15 : 32 : : 12 : ?
 15 × 2 + 2 = 32
16.
⇒ 12 × 2 + 2 = 26
5. 22 : 46 : : 18 : ?
22 × 2 + 2 = 46
⇒ 8 × 2 + 2 = 38
6. 27 : 58 : : 21 : ? ⇒ MONA = PRQD
27 × 2 + 4 = 58 17.
⇒ 21 × 2 + 4 = 46
7. 422 : 21 : : 366 : ?
42
 422 ⇒ = 21
2
36
∴ 366 ⇒ =6
6
8.  AD : ZW : : CF : XU because
18.

⇒  C A G E : X Z T V
9. According to the chart in question number 8. 3 1 7 5 3 1 7 5 (from right)
GC : TX : : FB : UY F 21 D 23
19.  : ∴ =
10. I 18 L 15
(Positional number from right)
20. Fruit, flower and stem are organs of a tree similarly
11. leaf is also an organ of tree.
⇒ 21. Cricket, Tennis and Kabaddi are name of the
1 2. RAM = 9 + 26 + 14 = 49 games. Football is also name of a game.
(Positional number from right) 22. The given three are related to athletics. Similarly
⇒ JON = 17 + 12 + 13 = 42 shot put is related to this group.
13. RAM = 18 + 1 + 13 = 32 23. The given three countries are South-West Asian
(Positional number from right) countries and ASEAN members. In given options.
⇒ SHAM = 19 + 8 + 1 + 13 = 41 Only Vietnam is an ASEAN member.

4
Analogy

24. The given three are capital cities. Tehran is the

capital of Iran.
25. The given three are domestic animals. Donkey is
a domestic animal. ∴ Correct answer = Donkey.
26. The given three are country's currency. Euro is
also a currency. Hence correct answer = Euro
27. The given three are indoor games. Billiards is an
indoor game.
28. The given three are personal vehicles. Scooter is
a personal vehicle.
29. The given three cities are state's capital. Bangaluru Option (d) is not following this rule.
is Karnataka's capital. 43. (13 – 143), because
30. Common characteristics of all the three animals
144 96 132
is that they are carnivorous. = 12, = 12, = 12
12 8 11
31. All three are domestic animals.
32. All three are herbivorous. 143
33. All three are off springs of different animals. but = 11
13
34. All three are clothes.
44. 18 – 80, because in other three, the second number
35. All three are type of houses.
is five times the first number.
36. All three are metro cities.
45. H – U; because there is a follow-up of certain
37. All three are heritage.
series in the other three.
38. 52 – 6, because in the other three, first numbers is
are divisible of respective second number.
39. 4, because the other three are cubes of any natural
numbers– 8 = 23, 125 = 53, 64 = 43
40. 8, because the other three are squares of any
natural number– 4 = 22, 25 = 52, 64 = 82
41. 37, because it is an indivisible number while the
other three are divisible numbers.
42.  Option (a), (b) and (c) follows some certain 46. Indian Revenue Service; because the other three
rules. services are all India services.
47.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 RAM = 18 + 1 + 13 = 32
⇒ JON = 10 + 15 + 14 = 39



5
 2 CODING & DECODING
CHAPTER

Coding is a method of sending information secretly in which informations are to be changed according
to a certain rule and only those persons can read that informations who know the rule. Here the changing of
information on the basis of some particular rule is called coding and obtaining the actual information on the
basis of rule's knowledge is called decoding.
That means process of changing of a meaningful word in a meaningless word or number-pairs or numerals
is called coding.
For Example: Ram = 18.1.13 and Sita = 11.9.20.1 is a coding where every character of the word is
replaced by the numerals of its position in alphabet.
Similarly, changing of coded word/sentence or numbers in meaningful words or sentence is called decoding.
It is clear from the above statements that the formula to solve questions related to this chapter is to identify
the rule by which the informations are changed in a code.
Different coding rules apply to different questions generally. So, it is unnecessary to remember beforehand
any coding rule.
Following coding rules are given only to make you understand that how coding is done.
1. Coding on the basis of serial number of words is alphabet. For example-

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Hence RAM = 18.1.13 and TANU = 20.1.14.21
2. Coding on the basis of opposite serial number of words in alphabet for example: A – 26, B – 25, C – 24, D – 23,
Z – 1, Y – 2, X – 3, W – 4
3. Coding by oppositing words for example: A – Z, B – Y, C – X, D – W etc.
4. Shifting the position of words. For example: A – E, P – T, C – G; words after 3 places.
5. Word replacement coding, for example: If cloud is white, white is sky, sky is blue, blue is black and black
is green then what is the colour of elephant? Answer: Green, because colour of elephant = black → green.
6. Coding with the help of some special symbol for example: If $ for A, ∈ for B, ψ for R and φ for M is
coded then the code for RAM = ψ$φ

EXERCISE
1. If sky is water, water is yellow, yellow is blue, 2. If meaning of 253 is ‘Book are old’ meaning of 546
blue is fish, fish is crow, crow is bird and bird is is ‘Man is old’ and meaning of 378 is ‘Buy good
sky in a coding language then where does the book’ in a coding language what is the symbol of
crow live? ‘are’ in this language?
(a) In sky (b) In water (a) 5 (b) 4
(c) In yellow (d) In bird (c) 2 (d) None of these
Coding & Decoding

3. Meaning of ‘gnr mmr rrg’ is ‘America has bomb’ 9. If GOAL is written as 35 and DUKE as 41 in a
and ‘gnr mmr ggr’ is ‘Russia has bomb’ in a coding language then what will be written for
coding language. If meaning of ‘mmr’ is ‘has’ in FAITH in this language?
this language then what will be the symbol for (a) 29 (b) 36
‘Russia has America’? (c) 44 (d) 52
(a) rrg mmr ggr 10. If code of PUFF is ‘+ – $$’, code of GULF is
(b) ggr gnr mmr ‘× – • $’ and code of PULLER is ‘+ – ••`@’ then
(c) None of the above what will be code of GUFER is this language?
(d) Informations are insufficient (a) × – $`@ (b) × + `@•
4. If fire is water, water is wind, wind is wood, (c) × `@ – • (d) `@× – •
wood is table, table is petrol, petrol is expensive, Instructions for Q. No. 11 to 15: If in a coding
expensive is matchbox, matchbox is weapon and language mathematical symbol of + is used for A, –
weapon is gun in a coding language then gun is for E, × for I and numerical positions of other
made of: alphabets is used i.e. B = 2, C = 3, D = 4, F = 6, then
(a) Wood (b) Table answer the following questions completing all
(c) Fire (d) Water mathematical operations.
Instructions for the Q. No. 5 and 6: If in a coding 11. What will be the value of TEPAR in is this coding
language: language?
(i) Meaning of ‘Poki top hai’ is ‘Ram is playing (a) 36 (b) 18
(c) 28 (d) 22
cards’.
12. What will be the value of BCIF in this coding
(ii) Meaning of ‘Kop ja ki hai’ is ‘Amar is play-
language?
ing tennis’.
(a) 36 (b) 218
(iii) Meaning of ‘top so up tep’ is ‘Ram runs very
(c) 138 (d) 168
fast’.
13. What will be the value of BANIB in this coding
(iv) Meaning of ‘ja so up tep’ is ‘Tennis runs very
language?
fast’, then
(a) 24 (b) 30
5. What is the code of ‘Tennis is playing card’?
(c) 32 (d) 28
(a) ja is top tep
14. If value of O is replaced by (•) (decimal
(b) top so tep up point) which means BANOP = (2+14)•(16)
(c) Ja ki Hai Po = 16.16 then what will be the value of KANONAP?
(d) Ja so Kop Hai
(a) 25.30 (b) 25.16
6. What is the meaning of ‘Kop so up tep’? (c) 32.156 (d) 124.156
(a) Amar runs very fast 15. What will be the value of BANODIC?
(b) Amar is playing cards (a) 12.16 (b) 14.43
(c) None of these (c) 16.493 (d) 16.12
(d) Informations are insufficient Instructions for Q. No. 16 and 17: If 26 words of
7. If meaning of 1234 is ‘up down top ten’, 1289 is English alphabets are arranged anti clockwise on a
‘top ten boy come’ and 2984 is ‘top boy come up’ circular watch in such way that A falls on 12 and N
then what is the symbol of ten? falls on 6 then
(a) 1 (b) 2 16. When small needle is between T and U and big
(c) 3 (d) 4 needle is at A then how much time is there?
8. If GROUPING is written as 12345671 in a coding (a) 9.00 (b) 9.30
language then what will be the code of GOPING (c) 3.00 (d) 5.00
in this language? 17. When the time is 9:00 then where are the needles?
(a) 134571 (a) Small between T and S, big at N
(b) 135671 (b) Small between H and I, big at A
(c) 234671 (c) Small between G and H, big at A
(d) 135571 (d) Small between X and Y, big at N