CAPSULE_CAMERA

(EMBEDDED SYSTEMS)

K.DIVYA(III/IV ECE),
CH.RAJITHA (III/IV ECE)
K.NAVYA(II/IV ECE)

[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Phone: 7416961692

VIGNAN’S INST OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

particular kind of application

ABSTRACT: device. Capsule camera is one of
An embedded system is some those. Here a technique called
combination of computer capsule endoscopy is used which
hardware and software, either allows us to see places inside the
fixed in capability or small bowel where other methods
programmable, which is cannot reach. Capsule camera is a
specifically designed for a camera with the size and shape of
a pill. It contains a miniature An embedded system is some
camera, battery, light, computer combination of computer hardware and
chip and wireless transmitter. software; either fixed in capability or
programmable that is
Specifically designed for a particular
kind of application device. Industrial
The procedure involves the machines, automobiles, medical
patient taking a small capsule. equipment, cameras, as well as the more
The patient wears small sensors obvious cellular phone are among the
attached to the abdomen with myriad possible hosts of an embedded
adhesive sleeves. As the capsule system. Embedded systems that are
moves through the digestive programmable are provided with a
system it records images and programming interface.
sends them by radio signal to a INTRODUCTION
recorder worn by the patient on a In the past, doctors who needed to
waist belt. Then a doctor takes the diagnose digestive problems would
disk from the recorder and views either use X-rays or endoscopy, which
the video on a high-resolution involves sedating
monitor. The finished product is a A person and guiding a narrow tube with
documentary-like series of a camera attached down the throat and
photographs that provide a first- into the stomach and upper intestinal
person view of the journey tract. Before endoscopy, doctors would
through the digestive tract. Due to have to perform surgery to assess some
numerous benefits over the problems. Capsule endoscopy allows us
traditional endoscopy, capsule to see places inside the small bowel
camera is preferred. where other methods cannot reach.

CAPSULE CAMERA WHAT IS ENDOSCOPY?

Endoscopy is the examination of the
WHAT IS AN EMBEDDED inside of the body using a lighted,
SYSTEM?
flexible instrument called an endoscope.
In general, an
Endoscope is placed into the body
through a natural opening like the mouth
or anus. The most common endoscopic
procedures evaluate the esophagus
(swallowing tube), stomach, and
portions of the intestine, colon.

WHAT IS CAPSULE CAMERA?

Capsule camera, endoscopic capsule or
video pill is a camera with the size and
shape of pill. The Imaging Capsule
contains a miniature camera, battery,
light, computer chip and wireless
transmitter. The target destination for the
device is the small bowel, where the
miniature camera may help physicians
detect sources of bleeding or diagnose
disease.
WHY DO WE NEED IT?
At the present time, the capsule camera
is primarily used to
Visualize the small intestine. Whereas
the upper gastrointestinal tract
(esophagus, stomach, and duodenum)
and the colon (large intestine) can be
very adequately visualized with scopes
(cameras placed at the ends of thin
flexible tubes), the small intestine is very
long (average 20-25 feet) and very
convoluted. No available scope is able to
traverse the entire length of the small
intestine. The capsule camera travels
through the length of the small intestine
in about 4 hours, and wirelessly
transmits two images every second to a
receiver carried by the patient. The
.
images are of very good quality,
comparable to those from scopes. The
HOW IT WORKS?
test carries a high sensitivity and
The procedure involves the patient
specificity for detecting lesions. The
taking a small capsule, or endoscope
main uses today are for detecting the
with a tiny camera, light and radio
cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, and
transmitter inside it. The patient also
for inflammatory bowel disease, such as
wears small sensors attached to the
Cohn’s disease
abdomen with adhesive sleeves. A mini-
lens on the tip of the capsule would be
connected to a tiny "engine" running off
electrical signals. An antenna would take
in the electric signals and send out the
data collected and the "brain" behind the
whole system would be a microchip
operating with hi-tech fluids. As the
capsule moves through the digestive
system it records images and sends them
by radio signal to a receiver/recorder
A CAPSULE TO SAVE
worn by the patient on a waist
STOMACHS:
Belt as the patient goes about his or her
regular day. The procedure takes about
12 hours and the final recording is about
8 hours long. Afterward, a doctor takes
the disk from the recorder and views the
video on a high-resolution monitor. The
device takes two frames every second, CAMERA PILL TRANSMITTER
providing about 58,000 images in eight
hours as it makes it way through the The physician can stop the fast-moving
patient’s entire digestive tract. (The photos for closer inspection, then mark
and copy images showing suspected
abnormalities. The patient’s entire test
can be copied onto a compact disc for
later use in consultation. It is used to
diagnose problems in the gut also. In
general, capsule endoscopy provided
good views from mouth to colon and
successfully imaged small-

Disposable device is eliminated

naturally.) The camera transmits digital
images to a recording device the patient
wears on a belt. Later, the recorder’s
data is downloaded to a physician’s
computer.
As the video progresses, the images on
the screen reveal thousands of villi,
liquids and particles passing through the
intestine. More important, the images
reveal any telltale signs of inflammation
Bowel pathologic features. Conventional
or sores, all in great detail. The finished
endoscopy involves a lighted tube being
product is a documentary-like series of
inserted into the gut via the throat or
photographs that provide a first-person
rectum. Video images were transmitted
view of the journey through the digestive
via radio signals to aerials taped
tract.
To the body and the strength of the
signal was used to calculate the position
of the capsule in the body. These the vest that transmits microwaves to the
promote greater efficiency in medical capsule.
Institutions and help improve quality of
life for the patients. Gastrointestinal
endoscopes are now recognized as the
only medical devices that can
simultaneously perform observations,
diagnoses (tissue extraction), and
treatment. As tiny as a pill measuring
just 9 millimeters in diameter and 23
mm in length, the Norika3 capsule
endoscope developed by RF is uniquely
painless. "Though it hasn't been in
practical use yet. Although the company
BENEFITS OVER TRADITIONAL
says it is still preparing to conduct
ENDOSCOPY:
clinical studies with other medical
1. Little discomfort
institutions, it expects to market the
2. Does not require sedation
Norika3 by the end of the year both in
3. Eliminates potential sedation
Japan and overseas. It will accommodate
related cardiopulmonary complications
a CCD camera of 0.41 mega pixels and
4. Offers a simple, safe and less
is likely be initially marketed at $100.
invasive alternative
The capsule moves painlessly through
5. Patient satisfaction
the gastrointestinal tract while
6. Ease of ingestion
transmitting color images on a real-time
7. Comfort during procedure
basis. The device accommodates a
8. Convenience
plastic CCD camera with a 0.6-
9. Immediate recovery
millimeter lens as well as four Light-
10. Preferred by patient over traditional
Emitting Diode (LED) flashing devices
endoscopy
to supply light in the dark intestines. The
camera can transmit up to 30 images per
minute, as long as the patient is wearing
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPE
TECHNOLOGY:
(1) Technology of capsule endoscope:
Compact, low power-consumption
imaging technology, wireless
Transmission technology.
(2) Wireless power supply system:
Eliminates constraints on operating time
and energy levels.
(3) Drug delivery system:
Administer drugs directly to the affected
area.
(4) Body fluid sampling technology:
Extracts body fluid for diagnosis and
analysis.
(5) Self-propelled capsule:
Propels (capsule) freely within the
gastrointestinal tract.

LIMITATIONS OF CAPSULE
CAMERA
1. A physician cannot stop the
camera’s progress to change the
angle or take a prolonged look
when it nears suspicious areas.

2. There is no air insufflation pumping

in air to open up intestinal folds for
examination.