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Lesson 1 Definitions

The document discusses definitions of educational technology over time. It provides definitions from 1963 focusing on audiovisual communications and messages that control learning. Definitions from 1972 discuss facilitating human learning through identifying and organizing learning resources. Definitions from 1977 view educational technology as a process involving people and devices for analyzing and solving learning problems. More recent definitions emphasize using technology to deliver content, adapting technology for educational settings, and studying technology's role in teaching and learning.

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94 views

Lesson 1 Definitions

The document discusses definitions of educational technology over time. It provides definitions from 1963 focusing on audiovisual communications and messages that control learning. Definitions from 1972 discuss facilitating human learning through identifying and organizing learning resources. Definitions from 1977 view educational technology as a process involving people and devices for analyzing and solving learning problems. More recent definitions emphasize using technology to deliver content, adapting technology for educational settings, and studying technology's role in teaching and learning.

Uploaded by

팍lae
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT1 TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING

Lesson 1 Definitions of Educational Technology/


Principles of Technology Use in Educational Setting

Duration 3 hours

Introduction
Technology as an integral part of education is not nascent anymore. The familiar and
readily available ones like chalk, art supplies, calculator, chalkboards, and manila
paper flaps are considered as OGs in educational technology. In the 60s, TV shows
started acknowledging the instrumental function of “technology” in teaching and
learning. The use of television programs in the field of distance education or
Educational Television (ETV) was born.1 These programs have since paved the way
to Batibot in the 80s, 5 and Up, Sineskwela, Mathinik, Epol Apol, Pahina, Bayani, and
Hiraya Manawari in the 90s Pinoy TV experience which your teachers enjoyed or you
yourselves might have been fascinated by.
When computers and their different programs, cellular phones, laptops, LCDs, and
other “materials” that were primarily not meant for education were invented, just like
TVs, they have eventually reiterated the undeniable place of technology in the
educative process. And we haven’t talked about the role of social media platforms in
education!
As an aspiring teacher, you need to understand getting acquainted with technology
(its definitions and principles of its uses in your classroom) is a useful tool.

Lesson Objectives
During the three-hour period, you are expected to:
1. point out the changes in definitions of educational technology in terms of
a. learning processes,
b. theory and practice, and
c. ethical practices of dealing with technological processes and resources,
and
2. discuss common themes among these definitions.

Lesson Proper

Technology is continually opening up new possibilities, changing how we deal with


everything---one gadget, phone app, and social media platform at a time. This,
however, is a very limited definition of technology. As early as 1960s, leaders in
technology stressed that “technology is not, as many of the technically illiterate seem

1 "Educational Television | K12 Acad


emics." https://www.k12academics.com/educational-television. Accessed
14 Aug. 2020.
to think, a collection of gadgets, of hardware, of instrumentation,” rather “technology
is, fundamentally, a way of thinking” 2

In his essay, Ken Funk (1999) reinforced the previous definition and added four more,
citing:

First, technology is the rational process of creating means to order and


transform matter, energy, and information to realize certain valued ends.
Second, technology is the objects (devices, systems, and methods) resulting
from that process. Third, technology is the knowledge that is created by and
drives the technological process. Fourth, a technology is a subset of related
technological objects and knowledge (for example, computer technology). Fifth,
technology is all of the above (the technological process, all technological
objects, technological knowledges, all technologies), plus the developers and
users of technological objects and the worldview that has emerged from and
drives the technological process.3

In the essay “What Is Technology? - Definition & Types4,” the authors merged these
definitions:

Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes or


applications, whether in industry or in our everyday lives. So, basically,
whenever we use our scientific knowledge to achieve some specific purpose,
we're using technology. Well, there is slightly more to it than that. Technology
usually involves a specific piece of equipment, but that equipment can be
incredibly simple or dazzlingly complex. It can be anything from the discovery
of the wheel, all the way up to computers and MP3 players.

Technology has contributed in the theory and practice of educational approaches to


learning, as well as the technological tools that assist in the development and
communication of knowledge.5

Learning has become more individualized because of technology. Podcasts, FB Live,


Vlogging, and other media have become staple platforms for students to practice
writing and speaking skills, and hone their creativity. These platforms have made
learning more collaborative, too (and a legitimate income-generating activity for some).

2 (n.d.). Volume 40(3) Summer/été 2014 What is Educational ... - ERIC. Retrieved August 14, 2020, from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1038412.pdf
3 (n.d.). Technology - Oregon State University. Retrieved August 14, 2020, from

https://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~funkk/Technology/technology.html
4 (2016, March 24). What Is Technology? - Definition & Types - Video & Lesson...... Retrieved August 14, 2020,

from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-technology-definition-types.html
5 "What is Educational Technology? [Definition, Examples, Etc.]." https://onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/what-is-

educational-technology-definition-examples-impact/. Accessed 15 Aug. 2020.


From these contexts comes educational technology. The following enumerates
definitions of educational technology from different resources.

Practice and study of facilitating and enhancing the learning process through the use
of technological resources.
Tomei, L. A. (2008). Encyclopedia of information technology curriculum integration.
Information Science Reference.

The term of educational technology generally refers to the introduction of computers


and related pieces of equipment to the classroom.
Keengwe, J. (2015). Handbook of research on educational technology integration and
active learning. Information Science Reference.

A technology that may have been created for other uses that has been adapted for
use in an educational setting.
Keengwe, J. (2016). Handbook of research on global issues in next-generation teacher
education. Hershey Pa Information Science Reference.

The use of technological resources to deliver content; the term may refer to the tools
themselves, their use, and/or the design of the instruction and curriculum.
Yildiz, M. N., & Keengwe, J. (2016). Handbook of research on media literacy in the
digital age. Information Science Reference.

A concept that applies technological tools in pedagogic environment.


Milton, F., Castro, R., & Alex Sandro Gomes. (2016). Handbook of research on 3-D
virtual environments and hypermedia for ubiquitous learning. Information
Science Reference.

The study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by
creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.
Amar Ali Khan, & Sajid Umair. (2018). Handbook of research on mobile devices and
smart gadgets in K-12 education. Information Science Reference.

The study of the roles and applications of analog and digital technologies with respect
to human learning and educational practices.
Kyei-Blankson, L., Blankson, J., & Ntuli, E. (2019). Care and culturally responsive
pedagogy in online settings. Igi Global.

Media that is researched and iteratively designed and developed to facilitate teaching
and learning.
Glick, D., Anat Cohen, & Chang, C. (2020). Early warning systems and targeted
interventions for student success in online courses. Information Science
Reference.

The process of improving teaching and learning through the optimal use of
technological resources inside the classroom.
Serpil Meri Yilan, & Kasim Koruyan. (2020). ICT-based assessment, methods, and
programs in tertiary education. Information Science Reference.

Educationaltechnology.net presents a timeline of the history of the definition of


educational technology. The timeline presents how the definitions have evolved over
the years as a variation of ways of dealing with learning processes, a conceptual
framework, theory and practice, and the latest study and ethical practices of dealing
with technological processes and resources.
1963
Audiovisual communications are the branch of educational theory and
practice concerned with the design and use of messages which control the
learning process. It undertakes: (a) the study of the unique and relative
strengths and weaknesses of both pictorial and nonrepresentational
messages which may be employed in the learning process for any reason;
and (b) the structuring and systematizing of messages by men and
instruments in an educational environment. These undertakings include
planning, production, selection, management, and utilization of both
components and entire instructional systems. Its practical goal is the
efficient utilization of every method and medium of communication which
can contribute to the development of the learners’ full potential.
1972
Educational technology is a field involved in the facilitation of human
learning through systematic identification, development, organization and
utilization of a full-range of learning resources and through the
management of these processes.
1977
Educational technology is a complex, integrated process involving people,
procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and
devising, implementing, evaluating and managing solutions to those
problems involved in all aspects of human learning.
1994
Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development,
utilization, management and evaluation of processes and resources for
learning.
Suggested Reference and Website
To learn more about the impact of technology on education, read the article
“How Has Technology Changed Education” at

https://online.purdue.edu/blog/education/how-has-technology-changed-education

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