PRACTICAL RESEARCH 3

NAME: JELLYCRIS FRANCE ANDAYA

SECTION: 12 A&D PATRIOTIC

WHAT I KNOW
1. C 6. C 11. B
2. C 7. B 12. C
3. B 8. D 13. B
4. B 9. C 14. B
5. C 10. A 15. B

WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY 1: WHO IS YTC?
ANSWER STATEMENT
C Directly related to a specific study.
Y Overall view of the research study.
Y Considered as the blueprint of the research.
Y General frame of reference used in conducting the research.
C Researcher’s idea of how the study will be explored.
T Anchor in a particular theory existing already in the field.
T Generalized in scope.
Y Guide in choosing an appropriate methodology.
Y Can be presented using both visual and narrative form.
Y Enable the readers to obtain a general understanding of the
research study.
T Considers the relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base
of the phenomenon.
C It may synthesize one more theory
Y Can monitor possible threats to the validity of the study.
C It is more focused and narrower in scope.
C Develop only during the planning stage of the study.
 ACTIVITY 2: SPOT THE VARIABLE (PART 1)

• Medical intervention • Number of Patients Recovered

from Pneumonia

• Health Care Facilities

• Work Experience of the
Medical Team
• Immune System of the Patient

ACTIVITY 3: SPOT THE VARIABLE (PART 2)

• Total Number of Employees

• Employee’s Dedication
• Corporate Business Location
• Administrative Commitment

• Corporate Social • Organizational

Responsibility Performance

ACTIVITY 4: NAME THAT TITLE

• The Effect of Individual Motivation and Cognitive Ability on Student Performance
Outcomes.
• Students' academic performance and various cognitive processes of learning:
An integrative framework and empirical analysis.
• Impact of Cognitive Predictors on Academic Performance among
Undergraduate Learners.
WHAT I CAN DO
TASK 1: BUILD A FRAMEWORK

Gender

MODERATING VARIABLE

Concentration of activated
Blood count of rat
charcoal

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

MEDIATING VARIABLE

Immune system of rat

25% 50%
homogenized homogenized
activated activated
charcoal charcoal

Blood cell
count of rat

75%
homogenized Control group
activated
charcoal
TASK 2: SAY SOMETHING
The conceptual framework shows that the concentration of activated charcoal
administered to the rat can affect the rat's blood count. It's worth noting that there are
two variables in this study: concentration of activated charcoal and rat’s blood count.
However, one is a dependent variable (the rat's blood count), while the other is an
independent variable (concentration of activated charcoal). The lower the activated
charcoal concentration, the greater the increase in RBC count, which implies a specific
level of poisoning.
Gender is one of the hypothesized moderating variables that is taken into
account in this conceptual framework. Furthermore, the immune system of the rat serves
as a mediator (or mediating) variable in the cause-effect relationship, allowing us to
better comprehend the consequences of the independent variable on the dependent
variable.
Experimental treatments will have a constant measurement of Tagumbao extract
and varying concentrations of activated charcoal. Treatment 1 will be the control
group, with rats receiving only 0.5ml of Tagumbao seed extract orally. The rats will
receive 25% and 50% homogenized activated charcoal, respectively, in treatments 2
and 3. The test animals will be given 75% homogenized activated charcoal orally during
treatment 4.

WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY 1: DEFINE ME
A. Define at least five (5) key terms in your research study according to a conceptual
definition. Write your answers to the space provided or on a separate paper
• Concentration - the action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort.
• Activated - to cause something to start
• Poisoning - the action of administering poison to a person or animal.
• Homogenized - subjected to a process in which the fat droplets are emulsified
and the cream does not separate.
• Orally - by means of speech; verbally.
B. Using the terms in your conceptual definition, define them according to an
operational definition. Write your answers to the space provided or on a separate
paper
• Concentration - the relative amount of a given substance contained within a
solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume
of solution.
• Activated - charcoal that has been heated or otherwise treated to increase its
adsorptive power.
• Poisoning - the fact of being affected by or contaminated with poison.
 • Homogenized - to reduce the particles within a liquid (as milk or paint) to the
same size and spread them evenly in the liquid.
• Orally - by means of or through the mouth

ACTIVITY 2: MY ORDER PLEASE

ORDER DEFINED TERMS

9 Response rate. In survey research, the actual percentage of questionnaires
completed and returned.
1 Accuracy. A term used in survey research to refer to the match between
the target population and the sample.
6 Precision. In survey research, the tightness of the confidence limits.
2 Control group. A group in an experiment that receives not treatment to
compare the treated group against a norm.
3 Data. Recorded observations, usually in numeric or textual form
4 Hypothesis. A tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal
relationship between variables.
8 Reliability. The extent to which a measure, procedure or instrument yields
the same result on repeated trials.
7 Random sampling. The process used in research to draw a sample of a
population strictly by chance, yielding no discernible pattern beyond
chance.
5 Parameter. A coefficient or value for the population that corresponds to a
particular statistic from a sample and is often inferred from the sample.
10 Synchronic reliability. The similarity of observations within the same time
frame; it is not about the similarity of things observed,

ACTIVITY 3: SPOT ME WRONG

DEFINITION OF TERMS ANSWER

Mean. The average score within a Mean. The average score within a
distribution. distribution.
Median = The center score in a Median. The center score in a distribution
distribution.
mode. The most frequent score in a Mode. The most frequent score in a
distribution. distribution
RANGE. The difference between the Range. The difference between the
highest and lowest scores in a highest and lowest scores in a
distribution. distribution.
ANOVA. A method of statistical analysis Anova. A method of statistical analysis
used to determine differences among used to determine differences among
the means of two groups on a variables. the means of two groups on a variables.

WHAT I CAN DO
TASK 1: DEFINE ME OPERATIONALLY

• Concentration - the relative amount of a given substance contained within a

solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit
volume of solution.
• Activated - charcoal that has been heated or otherwise treated to increase
its adsorptive power.
• Poisoning - the fact of being affected by or contaminated with poison.
• Homogenized - to reduce the particles within a liquid (as milk or paint) to the
same size and spread them evenly in the liquid.
• Orally - by means of or through the mouth

WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY 1: OWN WORDS
1. Alternative hypothesis - It makes a statement that suggests or advises a potential
result or an outcome that an investigator or the researcher may expect.
2. Complex hypothesis - is a hypothesis that reflects a relationship among more
than two variables.
3. Concise - giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but
comprehensive.
4. Directional hypothesis - is a prediction made by a researcher regarding a
positive or negative change, relationship, or difference between two variables
of a population.
5. Empirical hypothesis - When a theory is put to the test through observation and
experiment, it comes to life. It's no longer merely a thought or a notion. Rather,
it's a case of trial and error, with the independent variables shifted around.
6. Falsifiable - is the capacity for some proposition, statement, theory or hypothesis
to be proven wrong
7. Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
8. Non-directional hypothesis - a statement that a relationship exists between two
variables, without predicting the exact nature (direction) of the relationship.
 9. Null hypothesis - is a typical statistical theory which suggests that no statistical
relationship and significance exists in a set of given single observed variable,
between two sets of observed data and measured phenomena.
10. Testable - refers to the ability to run an experiment to test a hypothesis or theory.

ACTIVITY 2: TYPE IDENTITY

HYPOTHESES ANSWER
1. The higher the unemployment rate, complex
the higher will be the poverty and crime
rate.
2. Increase of food intake with high Simple
carbohydrate content daily leads to
obesity.
3. There is a significant change in my Alternative (non-directional)
sleeping pattern when I drink milk before
sleeping or do not.
4. Planets revolve around the sun at logical
diverse speeds.
5. There is no relationship between the Null (non-directional)
use of social media and the attention
span of students in school.
6. Implementing a flexible working Alternative (directional)
arrangement enhance job contentment
of the employees.
7. Sex education for high school students Null (non-directional)
has no effect on the rates of teen
pregnancy.
8. People who value freedom and Complex
longevity are more likely to experience
happiness than those who do not value
their freedom and longevity
9. The number of lectures attended by Null (non-directional)
the senior high school students does not
affect their final exam scores.
10. If you sleep at least 6 hours a day, Alternative (directional)
you will get a high score on the test than
if you get less sleep.
ACTIVITY 3: WITH GUIDANCE

GUIDELINE EXPLANATION
Before writing your specific hypothesis, A hypothesis should be based on current
spend more time researching about the theories and knowledge, not merely a
topic you are interested in. Focus on guess. It demonstrates the authors' in-
information and previous studies related depth knowledge and grasp of their field
to your topic. subject. additionally, shows how the
research ties into a bigger field of inquiry.
Also, provides a summary of the sources
used in the research of a specific topic.
Your hypothesis should be testable Developing a solid testable hypothesis
without violating ethical standards. It has a few advantages, one of which is
means that it could be investigated and that it forces us to think deeply and
measured through a scientific method carefully about the study's outcomes. As
such as statistical analysis and data a result, we are able to comprehend the
interpretation. implications of the topic as well as the
various variables involved in the
research.
Your hypothesis should be concise and Writing clearly and concisely means
comprises clear and simple language. choosing your words deliberately and
Make it short and simple for it to be easily precisely, constructing your sentences
understood and avoid any carefully to eliminate deadwood, and
misconceptions or misunderstandings. using grammar properly. By writing
clearly and concisely, you will get
straight to your point in a way your
audience can easily comprehend.

WHAT I CAN DO
TASK 1: HO VS HA

Research title:
Activated Charcoal as Potential Antidote for Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas L.)
Intoxication
Research questions:
QUESTION 1: Is there a specific dosage for a plant extract to be lethal?
QUESTION 2: What concentration of activated charcoal would highly reduce
intoxication?
QUESTION 3: Is there a significant difference between the varying concentrations of
activated charcoal in the reduction of intoxication?
Null Hypotheses (Ho) Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)
There is a specific dosage for a plant There is no specific dosage for a plant
extract to be lethal extract to be lethal
Concentration of activated charcoal has Concentration of activated charcoal has
no effect in reducing intoxication an effect in reducing intoxication
There is no significant difference There is a significant difference between
between the varying concentrations of the varying concentrations of activated
activated charcoal in the reduction of charcoal in the reduction of Tagumbao
Tagumbao intoxication. intoxication.

WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY 1: OWN WORDS
1. Peer-review - is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar
competencies as the producers of the work.
2. General references - are sources that a researcher uses to track down further
sources.
3. In-text citation - is a reference made within the paper's body of text. It directs
the reader to a source that contains specific information.
4. Periodicals - are the study's findings, which can be found in newspapers, popular
publications, television or radio broadcasts, and news summaries on the
Internet. They are carefully selected edited summaries written by journalists for
the general public.
5. Snowballing - is a process in which research participants recruit other people to
take part in a test or study.
6. Body of knowledge - is a professional domain's entire set of concepts, terms,
and activities, as defined by the relevant learned society or professional
organisation.
7. Search engines - a program that searches for and identifies objects in a
database that match keywords or characters entered by the user, and is
particularly useful for discovering certain websites on the Internet.
8. Reference management software - is software that scholars and authors can
use to record and use bibliographic citations as well as manage project
references as a company or individually.
9. Main body - This is where you organize and present your results and arguments.
10. Government documents - Usually, they're stored in government and school
libraries. The catalog system rarely contains these materials.
ACTIVITY 2: TAKE A VIEW
A literature review is an important component of any research project. It aids in
the comprehension of a subject and the development of your own views. Furthermore,
it is a growing network of scholarly works that are linked to one another. In a literature
review, a researcher's task is to figure out where all the loose ends are in the various field
of the study that is most closely related to what you want to do. In fact, creating a
literature review is a multi-step procedure. He or she must connect all of the data in a
logical or transparent manner. Then, review it afterwards. When conducting a literature
review, common mistakes include collecting as many citations as possible (quality >
quantity), claiming that the research is completely unique, claiming that nothing has
been published on the topic (knowledge giants), and citing only second and third hand
accounts of classics (read classics but critically as the findings or methods might be
outdated so exercise caution). Hence, writing the literature review chapter is a time-
consuming and risky task. taking note of the methods and principles to prevent
common literature review blunders can aid you in properly approaching and
conducting a literature review.

ACTIVITY 3: COM-CON

TERMS COMPARE CONTRAST

REFERENCE BIOLOGY
REFERENCE AND List of resources in Includes only the A list of all the
BIBLIOGRAPHY gathering literature sources that have sources used to
for a research study been - ed or cited generate ideas
which includes the in mention text in about the research
details of the the paper even if it was not
information such as mentioned or cited
author’s name, the in the paper.
date, the publisher
information, mation
journal infor and/or
DOI if present.
THESIS AND A study or research THESIS DISSERTATION
DISSERTATION in which a post A final requirement A final requirement
graduate comply for a in Master’s for Doctor of the
as student must a degree which the degree of (Ph.D.) in
final requirement to student or to Philosophy which
complete the researcher has the student or must
degree. complete a work of researcher
original research.
 complete a work of
original research.
CHRONOLOGICAL Type of literature CHRONOLOGICAL METHODOLOGICAL
REVIEW AND review that can REVIEW REVIEW
METHODOLOGICAL help you organize A literature review A literature review
REVIEW your research that focuses on on probing focuses
study. probing focuses research in a
research in a specified field
specified field throughout a order,
throughout a order, which sequential
which sequential usually starts from
usually starts from the oldest period of
the oldest period of time going to the
time going to the most recent studies
most recent studies
PRIMARY SOURCES Type of resources PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY
AND SECONDARY gather wherein you SOURCES
SOURCES can information Publications in Publications in
and ideas for a which a researcher which a
certain topic as accounts the researcher
related literature. findings of his or her considers the work
investigations. Most of others.
primary sources are
found in journal
articles.
THEORETICAL Type of literature THEORETICAL CONTEXT REVIEW
REVIEW AND review that can REVIEW
CONTEXT REVIEW help you organize It is particular on It is primarily
your research the theories and focused on the
study. concepts being content or
highlighted on and contextual in
research other research aspect of
compare them to archer which the
the current study rese relates his or
basing on its her study to a
framework, larger body of
hypothesis, knowledge.
consistency, and
justification.
ACTIVITY 4: CITE SEEING

TYPE EXAMPLE FROM THE INTERNET SOURCE

Self-study During prior experience in the field, I’ve https://research.miu.edu/
review noticed how many students see and maharishi-effect/a-
experience violence in their lives, from methodological-review-of-
video games and movies to playground maharishi-effect-research
bullying. I’ve often wondered what is being
done to teach students who either have
already met or will meet violence at
sometime in their lives an alternative to
violence—peace. During my student
teaching experience, I intend to pursue
these questions: “What do children
understand about peace? How can I
teach them about peace?” Through
systematic inquiry, I aim to develop an
understanding of what my fourth grade
students understand about peace, how I as
a teacher can effectively teach peace in
ways that are relevant to fourth grade
students, and students’ responsiveness to
peace education initiatives. In a world of
increasing social and political conflict,
helping students to understand the
meaning of peace is a significant goal of
social justice education.
Methodologi When confronted with unorthodox research https://research.miu.edu/
cal review findings such as those on the Maharishi maharishi-effect/a-
Effect, there is a tendency to dismiss them methodological-review-of-
as the result of faulty research. Some might maharishi-effect-research
say they go to show that statistics can be
made to prove anything. In fact, these
studies were rigorously conducted. Their
publication in leading journals, such as
Journal of Conflict Resolution, Social
Indicators Research, andJournal of Mind
and Behavior indicates that they have met
the highest standards for social science
research. (Please refer to the summary
tables of published articles, presentations,
and dissertations for details.) This is
particularly true because paradigm-
breaking research is always subjected to
 closer methodological scrutiny than
standard research. The review that follows
addresses in layman’s terms the basic issues
that arise in trying to prove causality in
sociological research, and discusses how
the research on the Maharishi Effect has
addressed these issues.
Historical The mid-1960s saw several accounts of http://cas.umw.edu/histor
review massive resistance in Virginia. Bob Smith’s yamericanstudies/files/201
They Closed Their Schools (1965) 1/10/299_literature_review
supplements Muse’s and Gates’s _exam.pdf
monographs with a specific study of the
closing of Prince Edward County schools.4
Smith, at the time an associate editor of
Norfolk’s openly anti-Byrd Virginian-Pilot,
uses several interviews with residents of
Prince Edward to paint a picture of
Virginia’s “grim charade” of school closing
in the county.5 They Closed Their Schools
continues the trend of vilifying Byrd and
provides little fresh analysis of massive
resistance in general. In his 1967 book The
Negro in Virginia Politics, 1902-1965, Andrew
Buni presents a political history of the role of
blacks in twentieth-century Virginia.6 Buni
relies heavily on Muse and Gates,
especially in the two chapters specifically
examining massive resistance. The Negro in
Virginia Politics holds to Gates’s theory that
massive resistance was a way for the Byrd
organization to reinforce its dwindling
influence in Virginia

ACTIVITY 5: WRITE ME UP
1. The purpose of a literature review is to get a better grasp of the existing research
and discussions on a certain topic or field of study, and to provide that
information in the form of a written report. Conducting a literature review aids in
the development of your field expertise. Important concepts, research methods,
and experimental approaches employed in your discipline will be covered.
You'll also learn how researchers use the concepts you've learned in class to
solve real-world challenges. Another advantage of reading literature reviews is
that you'll gain a better knowledge of how research findings are presented and
 discussed in your field as you read. You'll be more successful at writing for your
discipline if you pay attention to what you read and strive to emulate the style.
2. Context review is the form of literature evaluation that applies to my research study.
Context review, as the name implies, is primarily concerned with the content or
contextual component of research. It's usually a review in which the researcher
connects his or her findings to a larger body of knowledge. It summarizes current
research by incorporating it into a larger context and determining its contribution and
influence to the subject of study. As a former STEM student, we choose this type of
literature review since it provides a full summary of a topic and supports the primary
objective of a research paper. It aids students and readers in gaining a comprehensive
understanding of the subject.

ASSESSMENT
1. C 6. B 11. A
2. D 7. B 12. C
3. C 8. C 13. C
4. C 9. B 14. B
5. B 10. B 15. B