General Mathematics

Quarter 2 – Module 14:

Simple and Compound
Propositions

CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
General Mathematics - Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 14: Simple and Compound Propositions
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Azalea A. Gallano
Editors: Elizabeth D. Lalunio, Anicia J. Villaruel, Roy O. Natividad
Reviewers: Jerry Punongbayan, Diosmar O. Fernandez, Dexter M. Valle, Mark Vincent
Pineda, Rowena M. Liu and Moahna Aura M. Mancenido
Illustrators: Hanna Lorraine Luna, Diane C. Jupiter
Layout Artist: Roy O. Natividad, Sayre M. Dialola, Argie L. Ty and Janeth D. Bendal
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas
Job S. Zape, Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Hermogenes M. Panganiban
Philip B. Gallendez
Josephine T. Natividad
Anicia J. Villaruel
Dexter M. Valle

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]
General Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 14:
Simple and Compound
Propositions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was prepared with you in mind. This will help you divide into two big
groups the propositions. That is, you will learn the difference between simple and
compound propositions.

The module is composed of one lesson only.

• Lesson 1 – Simple and Compound Propositions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define simple and compound propositions; and
2. distinguish between simple and compound propositions.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is a proposition that uses logical connectors.

a. simple proposition
b. logical proposition
c. compound proposition
d. connective proposition

2. Which of the following is not a logical connector?

a. or
b. can
c. and
d. if-then

3. It is a proposition that cannot be broken down into more than one proposition.
a. logical proposition
b. simple proposition
c. compound proposition
d. connective proposition

1 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
For numbers 4 to 8, choose the simple proposition among each group of options.
4.
a. Is the laugh too loud?
b. What a bright smile!
c. Brush your teeth after eating.
d. Enamel covers the outer surface of our teeth.
5.
a. Does nature teach us?
b. Try smelling a Sampaguita flower.
c. Sampaguita is our national flower.
d. Don’t pick flowers and follow the rules.
6.
a. Do not ever quit.
b. What does failure teach?
c. Stepping forward is a good start.
d. If rest recharges, then quitting is not an option.
7.
a. That’s wrong!
b. Review your arithmetic.
c. You will get 15 when you subtract 30 from 50.
d. Either a learner review and master the prerequisite skills or not
mastered competencies pile up.
8.
a. That is too much!
b. Do I have to drink my medication?
c. Medication should be taken on time.
d. If one overdoses with drugs, then the body may be harmed.

For numbers 9 to 13, choose the compound proposition.

9.
a. Finish!
b. Water seeks its level.
c. Come and join us or accompany them.
d. Health is wealth and lifestyle defines health.
10.
a. Do you see goodness in others?
b. Your eye is the lamp of your body.
c. Be mindful of the light that is in you.
d. If the eye is good, then the body is enlightened.
11.
a. Initiating to make amends is honorable.
b. Admit your fault and ask for forgiveness.
c. Have you experienced feeling light after swallowing your pride?
d. Either a good person will find a way to say sorry or one will initiate
forgiveness.

2 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
12.
a. Honor your parents.
b. Twenty-five is ¼ of a hundred.
c. One of the primary colors is yellow.
d. There are 10 years in a decade and 100 years in a century.
13.
a. Love your parents.
b. When did you last hug your parents?
c. Parents or guardians are a blessing from God.
d. Love of parents prolongs one’s life and disrespecting them shortens
days.

14. Given the simple propositions a: You are what you eat and b: Your food can
describe your health, what compound proposition can be made?
a. You are not what you eat.
b. Your food cannot describe your health.
c. You are what you eat but your food can describe your health.
d. If you are what you eat, then your food can describe your health.

15. What logical connector best fits in merging the simple propositions c: Life is
more than food and d: The body is more than clothing?
a. or
b. not
c. and
d. if then

3 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 Lesson
Simple and Compound
1 Propositions
So far, you have initial knowledge of propositions already through Module 13. At this
point, you may want to know more about propositions. To start with, propositions
may be divided into two big groups of simple propositions and compound
propositions. In this lesson, you are expected to demonstrate an understanding of
key concepts simple and compound propositions. You should also be able to
distinguish one from the other.

What’s In

First, let us review what you have learned in the previous module. Answer the
following with all confidence.

Identify each statement below as a simple sentence or compound sentence. Write S

if it a simple sentence and C if it is a compound sentence. If it is a compound
sentence, identify the conjunction used as well.
_________1. Best things in life are free.
_________2. It is not true that a good deed will give a bad result.
_________3. A happy heart is a medicine, but a sorrowful spirit weakens the bones.
_________4. Gone are days that people practice apartheid.
_________5. If bullying introduces a not so good background of the bully, then a
psychosocial intervention should be designed for these bullies.

Notes to the Teacher

Enable learners to perform each task or activity in this module.
Explanation for answers should be provided for exercises which will
not be successfully answered by the learners.

4 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 What’s New

Read the famous poem below by Rudyard Kipling, an Indian short story writer, poet
and novelist. See the wisdom in this poem.
If
by: Rudyard Kipling

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;

If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,

Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!
Do you like it? What is the most striking line of the poem for you?
Can you spot and identify as many propositions as you can in the poem?

5 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 What is It

Simple and Compound Propositions Defined

A Simple Proposition is a proposition that cannot be broken down into more than
one proposition. Otherwise, it is a Compound Proposition. The latter is a
proposition that is formed by joining simple propositions using logical connectors.
Given propositions p and/or q, some logical connectors may be expressed in terms
of the following:
not p
p and q
p or q
If p, then q
Example 1
In the previous module, we have understood that the following are propositions. This
time let us identify each of these as simple or compound proposition.
a: Grounding is beneficial to a person.
d: There is no stronger than the heart of a volunteer.
p: 3! = 6/2
𝑝1 : If an individual is great, then there is a teacher behind.
𝑝2 : Either a person saves before spending, or one spends before saving.
𝑝3 : It is not a shame to greet the utility worker the same way as with
the school principal.
𝑝4 : If a person is disabled, then he/ she is entitled to obtain a PWD ID,
and if a person is entitled to obtain a PWD ID, then he/ she is
disabled.

Solution:
Notice that among the propositions above, propositions a, d and p are made up of
one declarative sentence each, while propositions 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 and 𝑝4 are composed of
more than one declarative sentence.
This informs us that propositions a, d and p are all simple propositions, while
propositions 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 and 𝑝4 are compound propositions.

Example 2
Identify the simple components of the compound propositions in Example 1 and the
corresponding symbols using the logical connectors used.

6 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
Solution:
Proposition/s with
Proposition Simple Component/s
Logical Connector/s
j: An individual is great.
𝑝1 If j, then x.
x: There is a teacher behind.
o: A person saves before spending.
𝑝2 o or k
k: One spends before saving.
c: It is not a shame to greet the utility
𝑝3 worker the same way as with the school not c
principal.
y: A person is disabled.
𝑝4 z: A person is entitled to obtain a PWD if y then z and if z then y
ID.

What’s More

Activity 1.1
In the blank before each number, write SP, CP, or N if it is a simple proposition,
compound proposition or not a proposition, respectively. Furthermore, identify the
logical connector/s used if it is a compound proposition.

_______________ 1. If bad company ruins good morals, then one should be mindful
in choosing friends.
_______________ 2. Essential oils do not expire.
_______________ 3. Ponder on the sacrifices of your parents.
_______________ 4. If you study hard, then you will have good grades.
_______________ 5. Have you thought of the sick when you are spending too much?
_______________ 6. In tossing a fair coin once you may get a head or a tail.
_______________ 7. There is wisdom in spending for needs and it makes sense to
think at least twice before giving in for wants.
_______________ 8. Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and do not
intersect.
_______________ 9. Study hard and rest well.
_______________ 10. Camber is not telling the truth.

7 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
Activity 1.2
Identify the simple propositions comprising each of the compound propositions
below. Translate it as well into symbols using the logical connector used in each
proposition.

Simple Components Logical

Compound Proposition
(𝒑𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝟐 ) Connector
1. It is not proper to be too
confident.
2. If complacency is deceitful, then
preparation is necessary.
3. Fifty is half of a hundred and a
hundred is a tenth of a
thousand.
4. A person sacrifices before
attaining success or failure
follows one’s slackness.
5. Fish is rich in protein and
Vitamin D helps the body
effectively absorb Calcium.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions.

1. What is a simple proposition?
2. What is a compound proposition?
3. Can you name the logical connectors tackled in this lesson?

8 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 What I Can Do

The lesson enables you to differentiate a proposition from not. It further teaches you
to categorize a proposition into a simple proposition or compound proposition. You
understood that logical connectors help in forming a compound proposition. In
relation to this, suppose your group is tasked to build a Ferris wheel miniature and
to determine the equation of the function it obeys. As a member of a five-person
group, which of these tasks will you take part in or not? And, why? Will it be doing
the research, contributing to the expenses, buying the materials, designing the
project, constructing the wheel, computing the equation or presenting the output?
Answer in just one sentence. Most possibly, your answer is a compound sentence
with conjunctions or those logical connectors. Write it on another sheet of paper.

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which describes a compound proposition?
a. It is neither true nor false.
b. It is an imperative sentence.
c. It is made up of simple propositions joined by logical connector/s.
d. It is a proposition that requires the use of prepositions to form logic.

2. Which of the following is not a logical connector?

a. or
b. and
c. would
d. if-then

For numbers 3 to 8, choose the only simple proposition among the options.
3.
a. Climb!
b. Have you climbed a tree?
c. Conserve our coconut trees.
d. The coconut tree is known as the “Tree of life”.

9 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
4.
a. It is so blurred!
b. Is that a dog or a cat?
c. Let me ask you for assistance.
d. The normal vision of a person is 20/20.
5.
a. Are there 60 seconds in a minute?
b. Has anybody seen the throne of God?
c. Light travels 186,000 miles per second!
d. Though God may be physically far from us, He is near when His
obedient servant prays.
6.
a. Does it break your heart?
b. It is wise to thank God for being alive.
c. Take courage and have a happy heart.
d. The heart pumps blood throughout the body and it keeps us alive.
7.
a. Don’t pollute the air.
b. The brain needs oxygen.
c. Be grateful for the priceless air we take in.
d. Have you thanked God for the air we breathe?

8.
a. What is your name?
b. Good day everybody!
c. The Philippines is located in East Asia.
d. Can we kill the virus by just washing our hands regularly?

For numbers 9 to 13, choose the only compound proposition among each group of
options.
9.
a. Are you sure?
b. You deserve a good break!
c. Busy, techy and frugal consumers tend to shop online.
d. If one is accountable for own decisions, then one should decide wisely.

10.
a. Time is up!
b. Man can outlive time.
c. Time is an independent variable and distance is a dependent one.
d. The clock keeps on ticking while a couch potato enjoys slackness.

10 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
11.
a. Good job students!
b. Be proud of hard work.
c. Are you a working student?
d. If a learner studies well, then opportunities knock later.

12.
a. It’s correct!
b. Are you sure?
c. Be truthful and be trustworthy.
d. It is wonderful and it is a good day.
13.
a. Have you seen it in pictures?
b. Paris’ Eiffel Tower is beautiful!
c. Either watch from afar or climb it.
d. Paris’ Eiffel Tower is named after its maker or it is named after the
place where it stands.

14. Given the simple propositions a: A person prioritizes own spiritual growth and b:
One satisfies own desires. what compound proposition can be made?
a. One does not satisfy own desires.
b. A person does not prioritize own spiritual growth.
c. A person prioritizes own spiritual growth or one satisfies own desires.
d. If a person prioritizes own spiritual growth, then one satisfies own
desires.

15. What logical connector best fits in merging the simple propositions c:
Money is a root of all evil and d: Spending for the needy is wise?
a. or
b. not
c. and
d. if then

11 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 Additional Activities

Consider the proposition a: Matmat is telling a joke. Decide whether it is a simple

proposition, compound proposition or neither. Expound your answer.
Criteria 3 2 1
Answer Type of proposition Type of proposition No identified
(score x 2) is correct is incorrect answer
Answer is Answer is
explained explained but some
completely; details are not
manifests touched; manifests
Explanation
understanding of understanding of No explanation
(score x 3)
concepts behind some concepts
the truthfulness of behind
answer truthfulness of
answer

12 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
 Module 14
CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS 13
What's More
Activity 1.1 Assessment
What I Know
1. CP, if then
1. c 2. CP, not 1. c
2. b 3. N 2. c
3. b 4. CP, if then 3. d
4. d 4. d
5. N
5. c 5. c
6. CP, or 6. b
6. c
7. CP, and 7. b
7. c
8. c 8. CP, if and only if 8. c
9. d 9. N 9. d
10. d 10. CP,not 10. c
11. d Activity 1.2 11. d
12. d 12. d
Logical 13. d
13. d Simple Components
Connector 14. c
14. d
15. c 𝑝1: It is not proper to 15. d
1. not 𝑝1
be too confident.
𝑝1: Complacency is
deceitful. if 𝑝1, then
2.
𝑝2: Preparation is 𝑝2
necessary.
𝑝1: Fifty is half of a
hundred.
3. 𝑝1 and 𝑝2
𝑝2: A hundred is a
tenth of a thousand.
𝑝1: A person sacrifices
before attaining
4. success. 𝑝1 or 𝑝2
𝑝2: Failure follows
one’s slackness.
𝑝1: Fish is rich in
protein.
5. 𝑝2: Vitamin D helps 𝑝1 and 𝑝2
body effectively absorb
Calcium.
Answer Key
References

Dimasuay, Lynie, Jeric Alcala, and Jane Palacio. General Mathematics: Learner's
Material. Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016.

Poem, Family Friends. Family Friends Poem. 2006.

https://www.familyfriendpoems.com (accessed June 13, 2020).
General Mathematics Learner’s Material. First Edition. 2016. p. 242-245

*DepED Material: General Mathematics Learner’s Material

14 CO_Q2_General Mathematics SHS

Module 14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]