Table of Contents

Application of Derivatives

 Theory ............................................................................................................................................. 2

 Solved examples ............................................................................................................................. 9

 Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ....................................................................................... 18

 Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions .......................................................................... 25

 Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ............................................................................... 31

 Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ................................................................... 46

 Answer Key ..................................................................................................................................... 54

 2 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

1. DERIVATIVE AS RATE OF CHANGE 2. EQUATIONS OF TANGENT & NORMAL

In various fields of applied mathematics one has the quest (I) The value of the derivative at P (x1, y1) gives the
to know the rate at which one variable is changing, with slope of the tangent to the curve at P. Symbolically
respect to other. The rate of change naturally refers to time.
But we can have rate of change with respect to other dy
f ´ (x 1 ) = dx = Slope of tangent at
variables also.  x1 , y1 

An economist may want to study how the investment P (x1, y1) = m (say).
changes with respect to variations in interest rates.
(II) Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is ;
A physician may want to know, how small changes in dosage
can affect the body’s response to a drug. dy 
 y  y1      x  x1 
A physicist may want to know the rate of change of distance  dx  x ,y
1 1 
with respect to time.
All questions of the above type can be interpreted and (III) Equation of normal at (x1, y1) is ;
represented using derivatives.
Definition :  
 1 
The average rate of change of a function f (x) with respect to  y  y1    dy    x  x1 
 
f a + h  - f a   dx  x1 , y1 
x over an interval [a, a + h] is defined as .
h

Definition :
The instantaneous rate of change of f with respect to x is
defined as

f a  h  f a 
f ´ x   lim , provided the limit exists.
h 0 h

To use the word ‘instantaneous’, x may not be representing

time. We usually use the word ‘rate of change’ to mean
‘instantaneous rate of change’.
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 3

3. TANGENT FROM AN EXTERNAL POINT

Given a point P (a, b) which does not lie on the curve

y = f (x), then the equation of possible tangents to the curve
1. The point P (x1, y1) will satisfy the equation of the y = f (x), passing through (a, b) can be found by solving for
curve & the equation of tangent & normal line.
the point of contact Q.
2. If the tangent at any point P on the curve is parallel to
X-axis then dy/dx = 0 at the point P.
f h  b
3. If the tangent at any point on the curve is parallel to And equation of tangent is y  b  x  a
Y-axis, then dy/dx =  or dx/dy = 0. ha
4. If the tangent at any point on the curve is equally
inclined to both the axes then dy/dx = +1.
5. If the tangent at any point makes equal intercept
on the coordinate axes then dy/dx = +1.
6. Tangent to a curve at the point P (x1, y1) can be
drawn even though dy/dx at P does not exist. e.g.
x = 0 is a tangent to y = x2/3 at (0, 0).
7. If a curve passing through the origin be given by a
rational integral algebraic equation, the equation
of the tangent (or tangents) at the origin is obtained
by equating to zero the terms of the lowest degree
in the equation. e.g. If the equation of a curve be
x2 – y2 + x3 + 3x2y – y3 = 0, the tangents at the origin
are given by x 2 – y2 = 0 i.e. x + y = 0 and 4. ANGLE BETWEEN THE CURVES
x – y = 0.
Angle between two intersecting curves is defined as the
2
y1 1   f ´  x1   acute angle between their tangents or the normals at the
(IV) (a) Length of the tangent (PT) = point of intersection of two curves.
f ´  x1 

y1 m1  m 2
(b) Length of Subtangent (MT) = f ´  x  tan  
1 1  m1m 2
2
(c) Length of Normal (PN) = y1 1   f ´  x1   where m1 & m2 are the slopes of tangents at the intersection
point (x1, y1).
(d) Length of Subnormal (MN) = y1 f ´ (x1)
(V) Differential :
The differential of a function is equal to its derivative
multiplied by the differential of the independent variable.
Thus if, y = tan x then dy = sec2x dx.
In general dy = f ´ (x) dx.

d (c) = 0 where ‘c’ is a constant.

d (u + v – w) = du + dv – dw
d (uv) = udv + vdu
* The relation dy = f´(x) dx can be written as
dy
 f ´  x  ; thus the quotient of the differentials
dx
of ‘y’ and ‘x’ is equal to the derivative of ‘y’ w.r.t. ‘x’.
 4 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

(b) Approximations
From definition of derivative,

 Derivative of f (x) at (x = a) = f ´(a)

(i) The angle is defined between two curves if the

f (a  x)  f (a)
curves are intersecting. This can be ensured by or f ´(a) = lim
x 0 x
finding their point of intersection or by graphically.
(ii) If the curves intersect at more than one point then
angle between curves is found out with respect to f (a  x)  f (a)
or  f '(a) (approximately)
the point of intersection. x
(iii) Two curves are said to be orthogonal if angle
f (a + x) = f (a) + x f´ (a) (approximately)
between them at each point of intersection is right
angle i.e. m1 m2 = –1.
7. DEFINITIONS
5. SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO CURVES
1. A function f (x) is called an Increasing Function at a point x
Shortest distance between two non-intersecting = a if in a sufficiently small neighbourhood around
differentiable curves is always along their common normal.
x = a we have
(Wherever defined)
f (a + h) > f (a)
6. ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS
f (a – h) < f (a)
(a) Errors
Let y = f (x) Similarly Decreasing Function if

y dy f (a + h) < f (a)
From definition of derivative, lim 
x  0 x dx
f (a – h) > f (a)
y dy
 approximately Above statements hold true irrespective of whether f is non
x dx
derivable or even discontinuous at x = a
 dy  2. A differentiable function is called increasing in an interval
or y    . x approximately
 dx 
(a, b) if it is increasing at every point within the interval (but
Definition : not necessarily at the end points). A function decreasing in
(i) x is known as absolute error in x. an interval (a, b) is similarly defined.

x 3. A function which in a given interval is increasing or

(ii) is known as relative error in x.
x decreasing is called "Monotonic" in that interval.

x 4. Tests for increasing and decreasing of a function at a point :

(iii)  100 is known as percentage error in x.
x
If the derivative f ´(x) is positive at a point x = a, then the
function f (x) at this point is increasing. If it is negative, then
the function is decreasing.

x and y are known as differentials.

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 5

5. (a) ROLLE'S Theorem :

Let f (x) be a function of x subject to the following
conditions :
(i) f (x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval
Even if f ´(a) is not defined, f can still be increasing or of a < x < b.
decreasing. (Look at the cases below). (ii) f ´ (x) exists for every point in the open interval
a < x < b.
(iii) f (a) = f (b).
Then there exists at least one point x = c such that
a < c < b where f ´ (c) = 0.
(b) LMVT Theorem :
Let f (x) be a function of x subject to the following
conditions :
(i) f (x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval
of a < x < b.

(ii) f ´ (x) exists for every point in the open interval

a < x < b.

Then there exists at least one point x = c such that

f (b)  f (a)
If f ´ (a) = 0, then for x = a the function may be still increasing a < c < b where f ´ (c) =
ba
or it may be decreasing as shown. It has to be identified
by a seperate rule. Geometrically, the slope of the secant line joining the curve
at x = a & x = b is equal to the slope of the tangent line drawn
e.g. f (x) = x3 is increasing at every point. to the curve at x = c.
Note that, dy/dx = 3x2. Note the following : Rolles theorem is a special case of LMVT
since

f (b)  f (a)
f (a)  f (b)  f ´(c)  0
ba

Physical Enterpretation of LMVT :

Now [ f (b) – f (a)] is the change in the function f as x
f (b)  f (a)
changes from a to b so that is the average
ba
1. If a function is invertible it has to be either increasing
rate of change of the function over the interval [a, b]. Also
or decreasing. f ´ (c) is the actual rate of change of the function for x = c.
2. If a function is continuous, the intervals in which it Thus, the theorem states that the average rate of change
rises and falls may be separated by points at which of a function over an interval is also the actual rate of
its derivative fails to exist. change of the function at some point of the interval. In
particular, for instance, the average velocity of a particle
3. If f is increasing in [a, b] and is continuous then
over an interval of time is equal to the velocity at some
f (b) is the greatest and f (a) is the least value of instant belonging to the interval.
f in [a, b]. Similarly if f is decreasing in [a, b] then f (a)
This interpretation of the theorem justifies the name "Mean
is the greatest value and f (b) is the least value.
Value" for the theorem.
 6 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

(c) Application of rolles theorem for isolating the real roots of

an equation f (x) = 0
Suppose a & b are two real numbers such that ;
(i) f (x) & its first derivative f ´ (x) are continuous for
a < x < b. (i) The local maximum & local minimum values of a
function are also known as local/relative maxima or
(ii) f (a) & f (b) have opposite signs. local/relative minima as these are the greatest &
(iii) f ´ (x) is different from zero for all values of x between least values of the function relative to some
neighbourhood of the point in question.
a & b.
(ii) The term ‘extremum’ is used both for maxima or a
Then there is one & only one real root of the equation minima.
f (x) = 0 between a & b. (iii) A local maximum (local minimum) value of a function
may not be the greatest (least) value in a finite
8. HOW MAXIMA & MINIMA ARE CLASSIFIED interval.
(iv) A function can have several local maximum & local
1. A function f (x) is said to have a local maximum at x = a if f (a) minimum values & a local minimum value may even
is greater than every other value assumed by f (x) in the be greater than a local maximum value.
immediate neighbourhood of x = a. Symbolically (v) Maxima & minima of a continuous function occur
alternately & between two consecutive maxima there
f  a   f  a  h  is a minima & vice versa.
  x=a gives maxima
f  a   f  a  h   2. A necessary condition for maxima
& minima
for a sufficiently small positive h.
If f (x) is a maxima or minima at x = c & if f ´ (c) exists then
Similarly, a function f (x) is said to have a local minimum value
f ´ (c) = 0.
at x = b if f (b) is least than every other value assumed by f (x) in
the immediate neighbourhood at x = b. Symbolically if

f  b   f  b  h 
  x=b gives minima for a sufficiently
f  b   f  b  h  
(i) The set of values of x for which f ´ (x) = 0 are often
small positive h. called as stationary points. The rate of change of
function is zero at a stationary point.
(ii) In case f ´ (c) does not exist f (c) may be a maxima
or a minima & in this case left hand and right hand
derivatives are of opposite signs.
(iii) The greatest (global maxima) and the least (global
minima) values of a function f in an interval [a, b] are
f (a) or f (b) or are given by the values of x which are
critical points.
(iv) Critical points are those where :

dy
(i)  0, if it exists; (ii) or it fails to exist
dx
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 7

3. Sufficient condition for extreme values maximised or minimised. If this quantity is denoted by ‘y’, it
must be expressed in terms of a single independent variable
First Derivative Test x. This may require some algebraic manipulations.
Third : If y = f (x) is a quantity to be maximum or minimum,
find those values of x for which dy/dx = f ´ (x) = 0.
f ´  c  h   0
  x  c is a point of local maxima, Fourth : Test each values of x for which f ´ (x) = 0 to determine
f ´  c  h   0 
whether it provides a maxima or minima or neither. The usual
where h is a sufficiently small positive quantity tests are :
(a) If d2y/dx2 is positive when dy/dx = 0
f ´ c  h   0  y is minima.
Similarly   x  c is a point of local minima,
f ´  c  h   0  If d2y/dx2 is negative when dy/dx = 0
where h is a sufficiently small positive quantity  y is maxima.
Note :– f ´ (c) in both the cases may or may not exist. If it If d2y/dx2 = 0 when dy/dx = 0, the test fails.
exists, then f ´ (c) = 0.
positive for x  x 0 
dy 
(b) If is zero for x  x 0   a maxima occurs at x  x 0 .
dx negative for x  x 0 

But if dy/dx changes sign from negative to zero to positive

If f´ (x) does not change sign i.e. has the same sign in a as x advances through x0, there is a minima. If dy/dx does
certain complete neighbourhood of c, then f (x) is either not change sign, neither a maxima nor a minima. Such points
strictly increasing or decreasing throughout this are called INFLECTION POINTS.
neighbourhood implying that f (c) is not an extreme value
Fifth : If the function y = f (x) is defined for only a limited
of f .
range of values a  x  b then examine x = a & x = b for
possible extreme values.
4. Use of second order derivative in
Sixth : If the derivative fails to exist at some point, examine
ascertaining the maxima or minima this point as possible maxima or minima.
(In general, check at all Critical Points).
(a) f (c) is a minima of the function f, if
f ´ (c) = 0 & f ´´ (c) > 0.
(b) f (c) is a maxima of the function f, if
f ´ (c) = 0 & f ´´ (c) < 0.

 If the sum of two positive numbers x and y is

constant than their product is maximum if they are
If f ´´ (c) = 0 then the test fails. Revert back to the first equal, i.e. x + y = c, x > 0, y > 0, then
order derivative check for ascertaining the maxima or
minima. 1 2 2
xy 
  x  y    x  y  
4
5. Summary-working rule  If the product of two positive numbers is constant
then their sum is least if they are equal.
First : When possible, draw a figure to illustrate them
i.e. (x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
problem & label those parts that are important in the
problem. Constants & variables should be clearly
distinguished.
Second : Write an equation for the quantity that is to be
 8 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

6. Useful formulae of mensuration to remember

 Volume of a cuboid = lbh.
 Surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl).
 Volume of a prism = area of the base × height.
 Lateral surface of a prism = perimeter of the base × height.
 Total surface of a prism = lateral surface + 2 area of
the base
(Note that lateral surfaces of a prism are all rectangles).

1
 Volume of a pyramid = area of the base × height. d2 y
3 (i)  0  concave upwards
dx 2
 Curved surface of a pyramid =
1 d2 y
(perimeter of the base) × slant height. (ii)  0  concave downwards.
2 dx 2
(Note that slant surfaces of a pyramid are triangles).
d2 y d2y
1 2 At the point of inflection we find that  0 and
 Volume of a cone = r h. dx 2 dx 2
3
changes sign.
 Curved surface of a cylinder = 2rh.
d2y
 Total surface of a cylinder = 2rh + 2r2. Inflection points can also occur if fails to exist (but
dx 2
4 3 changes its sign). For example, consider the graph of the
 Volume of a sphere = r .
3 function defined as,
 Surface area of a sphere = 4r2.
 x 3/5 for x   , 1
1 f x   2
 Area of a circular sector = r 2 , where  is in radians.  2  x for x  1,  
2

7. Significance of the sign of 2nd order

derivative and points of inflection

The sign of the 2nd order derivative determines the concavity The graph below exhibits two critical points one is a point
of the curve. Such point such as C & E on the graph where of local maximum (x = c) & the other a point of inflection
the concavity of the curve changes are called the points of (x = 0). This implies that not every Critical Point is a point
inflection. From the graph we find that if : of extrema.
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 9

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example – 1 Example – 2

A point P (x, y) moves along the line whose equation is The ends A and B of a rod of length 5 are sliding along
the curve y = 2x2. Let xA and xB be the x-coordinate of the
x – 2y + 4 = 0 in such a way that y increases at the rate of
ends. At the moment when A is at (0, 0) and B is at (1, 2),
3 units/sec. The point A (0, 6) is joined to P and the segment dx B
find the value of the derivative .
AP is prolonged to meet the x-axis in a point Q. Find how dx A
fast the distance from the origin to Q is changing when P
reaches the point (4, 4). Sol. We have y = 2x2
(AB)2 = (xB – xA)2 + (2x2B – 2x2A)2 = 5
or (xB – xA)2 + 4 (x2B – x2A)2 = 5

dx B
Differentiating w.r.t. xA and denoting dx  D
A

Sol. The rate of change of y is given and it is desired to find the 2 (xB – xA) (D – 1) + 8 (x2B – x2A) (2xB D – 2xA) = 0
rate of change of OQ, which we denote by z. If MP is Put xA = 0, xB = 1
perpendicular to the x-axis, MP = y and OM = x. 2 (1 – 0) (D – 1) + 8 (1 – 0) (2D –0) = 0
2D – 2 + 16D = 0 D = 1/9.
The triangles OAQ and MPQ are similar, hence
Example – 3

z zx 6x Find the approximate value of (0.007)1/3.

  yz  6z  6x  z 
6 y 6y

Substituting the value of x from the equation of the given Sol. Let f (x) = (x)1/3
line, we have x
Now, f (x + x)  f(x) = f (x).x 
3x 2/ 3
12 (y  2) we may write, 0.007 = 0.008 – 0.001
z
6y Taking x = 0.008 and  x = – 0.001, we have
0.001
f (0.007) – f (0.008) =  2/3
3  0.008 
dz 48 dy

dt (6  y)2 dt 0.001
or f (0.007) – (0.008)1/3 =  2 or
3  0.2 

dy dz 0.001 1 23
Setting y = 4 and  3, we obtain  36 that is, z is f (0.007) = 0.2 – = 0.2  
dt dt 3  0.04  120 120

increasing at the rate of 36 units/sec. 23

Hence (0.007)1/3 = .
120
 10 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Example – 4 Example – 6

The period T of a simple pendulum is –x/2

Verify Rolle’s theorem for f (x) = x (x + 3)e in [–3, 0].

T  2

g Sol. We have f (x) = x (x + 3) e – x/2

Find the maximum error in T due to possible errors upto  f (x) = (2x + 3)e –x/2  x(x  3)e x / 2 (1/ 2)
1% in l and 2.5% in g.
1
=  (x2 – x – 6) e – x/2
1/ 2 2
Sol. Since T  2
    2   
  which exists for every value of x in the interval [–3, 0].
g g
Hence f (x) is differentiable and so also continuous in the
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get interval [–3, 0]. Also f (–3) = f (0) = 0.
1 1 Thus all the three conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
ln T = ln 2  ln l – ln g So f (x) = 0 for at least one value of x lying in the open
2 2
interval (–3, 0).
Differentiating both sides, we get
dT 1 dl 1 dg 1
 0 .  .
For f ´(x)   (x2 – x – 6) e – x/2 = 0
T 2 l 2 g 2
e – x/2 0, x2 – x – 6 = 0
 dT  1  dl  1  dg  (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0 x = – 2, 3
or   100     100     100 
 T  2  l  2  g  Since the value x = – 2 lies in the open interval ( – 3, 0), the
Rolle’s theorem is verified.
1  dl dg 
( 1 ± 2.5)   100  1 and  100  2.5 
Example – 7
2  l g 
 Maximum error in T = 1.75%. If f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) and a = 0, b = 4., find ‘c’ using
Lagrange’s mean value theorem.
Example – 5

If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, a, b, c  R then show that the equation Sol. We have f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) = x3 – 6x2 + 11 x – 6

ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root between 0 and 1.  f (a) = f (0) = (0 – 1) (0 – 2) (x – 3) = – 6
and f (b) = f (4) = (4 – 1) (4 – 2) (4 – 3) = 6
Sol. Given 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
f (b) – f (a) 6  (6) 12
a b     3 .... (1)
or   c  0 .... (i) ba 40 4
3 2
2 Also f (x) = 3x 2  12x  11
Let f (x) = ax  bc  c
On integrating both sides, we get gives f (c) = 3c2  12c  11

ax 3 bx 2 f (b) – f (a)
f (x) =   cx  k From LMVT,  f (c) .... (2)
3 2 ba
a b  3 = 3c2 – 12c + 11 {From (1) and (2)}
Now, f (1) =  ck [From (i)]
3 2  3c2 – 12c + 8 = 0
=0+k=k
and f (0) = 0 + 0 + 0 + k = k 12  144  96 2 3
 c  2
Since f (x) is a polynomial of three degree, it is continuous 6 3
and differentiable and f (0) = f (1), then by Rolle’s theorem As both of these values of c lie in the open interval (0, 4).
f (x) = 0 i.e., ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one real root Hence both of these are the required values of c.
between 0 and 1.
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 11

Example – 8 1
 y 3
 equation is y – y0 =   0   x  x 0 
x m ym  x0 
Find the equation of the tangent to   1 at the
a m bm
point (x0, y0).  x1/0 3 y  y 0 x1/0 3   xy1/0 3  x 0 y1/0 3

 x y1/0 3  yx1/3 1/ 3 1/ 3
0  x 0 y0  y0 x 0
x m ym
Sol. m  m  1 Differentiating wrt x,
a b x y1/0 3 y x1/ 3
 1/ 3 1/ 3
 1/ 3 0 1/ 3  x 02 / 3  y 02 / 3
x 0 y0 x 0 y0
mx m 1 my m 1 dy
  0
am b m dx x y
 equation of tangent is : 1/3
 1/3  a 2/3
m 1 x0 y0
dy bm  x 
  m 
dx a  y Length intercepted between the axes :

 at the given point (x0, y0), slope of tangent is length = (x intercept) 2  (y intercept)2
m m 1
dy b x  2 2

dx  x 0 ,y0 
    0 
 a   y0 
 x 1/ 3
0 a2/3   x 1/ 3
0 a 2/3 
 the equation of tangent is  x 02/ 3a 4/3  y02 /3a 4/ 3
m m 1
b x   a 2/ 3 x 02 /3  y02/ 3
y  y0      0   x  x0 
 a   y0 
 a 2/ 3 a 2/3
m m 1 m m m m1 m m
a yy 0  a y  b x x
0 0 b x 0 = a i.e. constant.
a m yym0 1  b m x x 0m1  a m y0m  b m x 0m Method 2 :
Express the equation in parametric form
using the equation of given curve, the right side can be
replaced by am bm. x = a sin3 t, y = a cos3 t
Equation of tangent is :
 a m yy0m1  b m x x 0m1  a m bm
 the equation of tangent is 3 a cos 2 t sin t
(y – a cos3 t) = ( x – a sin3 t)
3 a sin 2 t cos t
m 1 m 1
x  x0  y y 
  0 1  y sin t – a sin t cos3 t = – x cos t + a sin3 t cos t
a  a  b b 
 x cos t + y sin t = a sin t cos t
Example – 9
x y
  a
sin t cos t
Find the equation of tangent to the curve in terms of (x0, y0) equation is :
x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 at (x0, y0). Hence prove that the length of the
portion of tangent intercepted between the axes is constant. x y
1/ 3
 1/ 3
a
 x0 / a   y0 / a 
Sol. Method 1 :
Length of tangent intercepted between axes
x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 Differentiating wrt x,
2 2
1
2 3 2 3 dy
1   x int    yint 
x  y 0
3 3 dx
1
 a 2 sin 2 t  a 2 cos 2 t  a

dy x  3
   0 
dx  x0 ,y0   y0 
 12 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Example – 11

Find the equation of the tangent to x3 = ay2 at the point A

(at2, at3). Find also the Point where this tangent meets the
1. The parametric form is very useful in these type of curve again.
problems.
Sol. Equation of tangent to : x = at2, y = at3 is
2. Equation of tangent can also be obtained by
substituting b = a and m = 2/3 in the result 3at 2
m 1 m 1
y  at 3 
2at
x  at 2 
x  x0  yy 
  0  1.
a  a  b b   2y – 2at3 = 3tx – 3at3
i.e. 3 tx – 2y – at 3 = 0
Example – 10
2 3

Let B at1 , at1 be the point where it again meets the curve.
For the curve xy = c2, prove that
 slope of tangent at A = slope of AB
(i) the intercept between the axes on the tangent at
any point is bisected at the point of contact.
3
 3
3at 2 a t  t1

 3t t 2  t12  t t1

(ii) the tangent at any point makes with the co-ordinate 
2at a t 2  t12  2 t  t1
axes a triangle of constant area.
 3t2 + 3 tt1 = 2t2 + 2t12 + 2 t t1
 2t12 – t t1 – t2 = 0
Sol. Let the equation of the curve in parametric form be x = ct, y = c/t
 (t1 – t) (2t1 + t) = 0
Let the point of contact be (ct, c/t)
 t1 = t or t1 = – t/2
Equation of tangent is :
The relevant value is t1 = – t/2
c / t 2 Hence the meeting point B is
y – c/t = (x – ct)
c
   t 2   t 3   at 2 at 3 
 t2y – ct = –x + ct  a   , a      , 
  2   2    4 8 
 x + t2y = 2 ct .......(i)
(i) Let the tangent cut the x and y axes at A and B respectively. Example – 12

x y Find the interval in which

Writing the equations as :  1
2ct 2c / t f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22 x2 – 24x + 5 is increasing.
 xintercept = 2 ct, yintercept = 2 c/t
Sol. Given f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22 x2 – 24x + 5
 2c   f (x) = 4x3 – 24 x2 + 44x – 24
 A  (2ct, 0) and B   0, 
 t 
= 4 (x3 – 6x2 + 11 x – 6)
2ct  0 0  2c / t  = 4 (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
mid point of AB   , 
 2 2 

 (ct, c / t)
Hence, the point of contact bisects AB.
(ii) If O is the origin,
Area of triangle  OAB = 1/2 (OA) (OB)
1  2c  For increasing function f ´ (x) > 0
  2ct 
2 t or 4 (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) > 0
2
=2c or (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) > 0
i.e. constant for all tangents because it is independent of t.  x  (1, 2)  (3,  )
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 13

Example – 13  g (x) < g (0)

Find the interval in which f (x) = x – 2 sin x, 0  x  2 is x3

 x  sin x  0 (  g (0) = 0)
increasing 6

x3
Sol. Given f (x) = x – 2 sin x  x  sin x ......(2)
6
 f ´(x) = 1 – 2 cos x

1 x3
f ´(x) > 0 or 1 – 2 cos x > 0  cos x < Combining (1) and (2) we get x   sin x  x .
2 6

Example – 15
1
or – cos x > –
2 Find the intervals of monotonicity of the function
2 | x 1|
or cos (  x)  cos f ( x)  .
3 x2

2 2
or 2n     x  2n  , n  I Sol. The given function f (x) can be written as :
3 3

5  1  x
or 2n   x  2n  | x  1 |  x 2 ; x  1, x  0
3 3 f (x )  
x2 x 1
 2 ; x 1
 5  x
For n = 1, x which is true ( 0  x  2)
3 3 Consider x < 1
 5 2 1 x  2
Hence, x   ,  f ´(x )    3
3 3  x3 x 2 x

Example – 14 x2
For increasing, f ´ (x) > 0  0
x3
x3
For 0  x   , show that x   sin x  x .  x (x – 2) > 0 [as x2 is positive]
2 6  x (– , 0) (2, ).
Combining with x < 1, we get f (x) is increasing in x < 0 and
Sol. Let f (x) = sin x – x decreasing in x (0, 1) ... (i)
f ´(x) = cos x – 1 = – (1 – cos x) = – 2 sin2 x/2 < 0 Consider x 1
 f (x) is a decreasing function
1 2 2  x
x>0 f ´(x)    3
x2 x3 x
 f (x) < f (0)  sin x – x < 0 (  f (0) = 0)
+ – + –
 sin x < x ......(1) 0 2
1
x 3
x 2 For increasing f ´ (x) > 0
Now let g (x) = x   sin x  g (x) = 1   cos x
6 2  (2 – x) > 0 [as x3 is positive]
 (x – 2) < 0.
x2
To find sign of g (x) we consider  (x) = 1   cos x  x < 2.
2
Combining with x > 1, f (x) is increasing in x (1, 2) and
  (x) =  x  sin x  0 [From (1)] decreasing in x (2, ) ... (ii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get :
  (x) is a decreasing function  g (x) < 0
f (x) is strictly increasing on x (– , 0) (1, 2) and strictly
 g (x) is a decreasing function  x>0 decreasing on x (0, 1) (2, ).
 14 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Example – 16 x
 log (1  x )  0
1 x
The function f (x) = log (x – 2)2 – x2 + 4x + 1 increases on the
interval
x
 log (1  x )  ... (i)
(a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 3) 1 x
(c) (5/2, 3) (d) (2, 4)
Now, let g (x) = x – log (1 + x)

Sol. (b), (c) 1 x

g ´(x )  1    0 for x  0
2
f (x) = 2 log (x – 2) – x + 4x + 1 1 x 1 x

 g (x) is increasing.
2
 f ´(x )   2x  4
x2 Hence x > 0 g (x) > g (0)
 x – log (1 + x) > 0 – log (1 + 0)
2
 1  ( x  2)  ( x  1) ( x  3)  x – log (1 + x) > 0
 f ´(x )  2    2
 x  2  x2
 x > log (1 + x) ... (ii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get :
2(x  1) (x  3) (x  2)
 f ´(x)  
(x  2) 2 x
 log (1  x )  x
1 x
 f ´ (x) > 0 – 2 (x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 2) > 0
 (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) < 0 Example – 18
 x (– , 1) (2, 3).
Find critical points of f (x) = x2/3 (2x – 1).
– + – +
1 2 3
Sol. f (x) = 2x5/3 – x2/3
Differentiate w.r.t. x to get,
Example – 17
10 2 / 3 2 1/ 3 2 (5x  1)
f ´(x )  x  x  .
Show that x / (1 + x) < log (1 + x) < x 3 3 3 x 1/ 3
for x > 0. For critical points,
f ´ (x) = 0 orf ´ (x) is not defined.
x
Sol. Let f ( x )  log (1  x )  1
1 x Put f ´(x) = 0 to get x  .
5
1 (1  x )  x f ´ (x) is not defined when denominator = 0.
f ´ (x)  
1 x (1  x ) 2
 x1/3 = 0  x=0

x 1
f ´ (x )   0 for  0 Now we can say that x = 0 and x  are critical points as
(1  x ) 2 5

 f (x) is increasing. 1
f (x) exists at both x = 0 and x  .
Hence x > 0 f (x) > f (0) by the definition of the increasing 5
function.
1
 Critical points of f (x) are x = 0, x  .
x 0 5
 log(1  x )   log (1  0) 
1 x 1 0
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 15

Example – 19
1
Critical points of f (x) are x  and x = 0.
Discuss concavity and convexity and find points of 5
inflexion of y = x2 e–x .
Using the following figure, we can determine how sign of f ´

Sol. Let f (x) = x2 e–x. 1

(x) is changing at x = 0 and x  .
Differentiate w.r.t.x to get : 5
f ´ (x) = e–x (2x) + (–e–x) x2 from figure,
= x e–x [2 – x]
Differentiate again w.r.t. x to get : + – +
0 1/5
f ´´(x) = (2 – 2x) e–x + (2x – x2) (–e–x) Sign of f ´ (x) in various intervals
–x 2
= e (2 – 2x – 2x + x )
= e–x (x2 – 4x + 2) x = 0 is point of local maximum as sign of f ´ (x) changes from

= e  x ( x  (2  2 )) ( x  (2  2 )) 1
positive to negative and x  is point of local minimum as
5
See the figure and observe how the sign of f ´´ (x) changes.
sign of f ´ (x) is changing from negative to positive.
+ – +
2– 2 2+ 2 Example – 21
Concave Convex Concave
Determine the absolute extrema for the following function
Sign of f ´´(x) is changing at x  2  2 . and interval.
g (t) = 2t3 + 3t2 – 12t + 4 on [0, 2]
Therefore points of inflextion of f (x) are x  2  2 .

f ´´ ( x )  0  x  [, 2  2 ]  [2  2 , ] Sol. Differentiate w.r.t. t

Therefore f (x) is “Concave upward” g ´ (t) = 6t2 + 6t – 12 = 6 (t + 2) (t – 1)

Note that this problem is almost identical to the first problem.
 x  (, 2  2 ]  [2  2 , )
The only difference is the interval that we were working on.
Similarly we can observe
The first step is to again find the critical points. From the
f ´´ ( x )  0  x  [2  2 , 2  2 ] first example we know these are t = – 2 and t = 1. At this point
it’s important to recall that we only want the critical points
Therefore f (x) is “Convex upwards”
that actually fall in the interval in question. This means that
 x  [2  2 , 2  2 ] we only want t = 1 since t = – 2 falls outside the interval so
reject it.
Example – 20
Now for absolute maxima
Find points of local maximum and local minimum of We have,
f (x) = x2/3 (2x – 1).
Max {g (1), g (0), g (2)}
Sol. Let f (x) = 2x5/3 – x2/3 i.e., Max {–3, 4, 8}
Differentiate w.r.t. x to get : On comparing all these values we get g (t) has absolute max.
as 8 at t = 2 and similarly absolute minimum of g (t) is – 3 at
5 2 2 (5x  1)
f ´(x )  2   x 2 / 3  x 1/ 3  t = 1.
3 3 3 x 1/ 3
 16 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Example 22 Example – 23

Find the local maximum and local minimum values of the Find the maximum surface area of a cylinder that can be
function y = x . x inscribed in a given sphere of radius R.

Sol. Let f (x) = y = xx

 log y = x log x

1 dy 1
  x  log x
y dx x

Sol.
dy
  x x (1  log x )
dx

f ´ (x) = 0  xx (1 + log x) = 0

 log x = –1  x = e–1 = 1/e.

Method 1 : (First Derivative Test)

f ´ (x) = xx (1 + log x) Let r be the radius and h be the height of cylinder. Consider
the right triangle shown in the figure.
f ´ (x) = xx log x
2r = 2R cos and h = 2 R sin 
x < 1/e ex < 1
Surface area of the cylinder = 2 rh + 2 r2
 f ´ (x) < 0
 S () = 4 R2 sin cos + 2 R2 cos2 
x > 1/e ex > 1
 S () = 2 R2 sin 2+ 2 R2 cos2
 f ´ (x) > 0
 S’ () = 4 R2 cos 2– 2 R2 sin 2
The sign of f ´(x) changes from – ve to + ve around
S´ () = 0  2 cos 2– sin 2= 0
x = 1/e.
 tan 2= 2  = 0 = 1/2 tan–1 2
In other words, f (x) changes from decreasing to increasing
at x = 1/e. S´´(0) = – 8 R2 sin 2– 4 R2 cos 2

Hence x = 1/e is a point of local minimum.  2   1 

S´´() = – 8 R2   – 4 R2    0
Local minimum value = (1/e) = e . 1/e –1/e
 5  5
Method II : (Second Derivative Test)
Hence surface area is maximum for = 0 = 1/2 tan–1 2
d x 1 Smax = 2 R2 sin 2 0 + 2 R2 cos2 0
f ´´ ( x )  (1  log x ) x  xx  
dx x
 2   1  1/ 5 
= xx (1 + log x)2 + xx – 1  Smax  2R 2    2 R 2  
 5  2 
 
f ´´(1/e) = 0 + (e)(e – 1)/e > 0.

Hence x = 1/e is a point of local minimum.

 Smax   R 2 (1  5 )
Local minimum value is (1/e)1/e = e–1/e.
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 17

Example – 24 Example – 25

Find the semi-vertical angle of the cone of maximum curved Prove that the minimum intercept made by axes on the
surface area that can be inscribed in a given sphere of radius R. x 2 y2
tangent to the ellipse   1 is a + b. Also find the
a 2 b2
ratio in which the point of contact divides this intercept.

Sol.
Sol.

Intercept made by the axes on the tangent is the length of

the portion of the tangent intercepted between the axes.
Consider a point P on the ellipse whose coordinates are
Let h be the height of cone and r be the radius of the cone. x = a cost, y = b sint (where t is the parameter)
Consider the right OMC where O is the centre of sphere The equation of the tangent is :
and AM is perpendicular to the base BC of cone.
b cos t
OM = h – R, OC = R, MC = r y  b sin t  x  a cos t 
 a sin t
R2 = (h – R)2 + r2 ... (i)
x y
and 2 2
r +h =l 2
... (ii)  cos t  sin t  1
a b
where l is the slant height of cone. a b
 OA  , OB 
Curve surface area = C = r l cos t sin t
Using (i) and (ii), express C in terms of h only. a2 b2
Length of intercept = l = AB = 
cos t sin 2 t
2

C   r r 2  h 2  C   2hR  h 2 2hR We will minimise l 2.

Let l 2 = f (t) = a2 sec2 t + cosec2 t
We will maximise C2 .  f ´ (t) = 2a2 sec2 t tan t – 2b2 cosec2 t cot t
Let C2 = f (h) = 2 2 h R (2hR – h2) f ´ (t) = 0  a2 sin4 t = b2 cos4 t
–1
 f ´ (h) = 2 2 R (4hR – 3h2)  t = tan b/a
f ´´(t) = 2a2 (sec4 t + 2 tan2 t sec2 t)
f ´ (h) = 0 4hR – 3h2 = 0 + 2b2 (cosec4 t + 2 cosec2 t cot2 t), which is positive.
 h = 4R/3.
b
f ´´(h) = 2 2 R (4R – 6h) Hence f (t) is minimum for tan t = .
a
 4R   lmin  a 2 (1  b / a )  b 2 (1  a / b)
f ´´   = 2 R2 (4R – 8R) < 0
 3   lmin = a + b
2
4R  a 
Hence curved surface area is maximum for h  PA 2   a cos t  2 2
  b sin t
3  cos t 
Using (i), we get : a 2 sin 4 t
  b 2 sin 2 t
cos 2 t
8R 2 2 2 = (a2 tan2 t + b2) sin2 t
r 2  2hR  h 2   r R
9 3 b
 (ab  b 2 )  b2
ab
Semi–vertical angle = = tan–1 r/h = tan–1 1/ 2 .
PA b
Hence   P divides AB in the ratio b : a
PB a
 18 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Question Based on Rate of Change 6. The position of a point in time ‘t’ is given by x = a + bt–ct2,
1. The rate of change of the surface area of a sphere of radius y = at + bt2. Its acceleration at time ‘t’ is
r, when the radius is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/s is (a) b – c (b) b + c
proportional to
(c) 2b – 2c (d) 2 b 2  c 2
1 1
(a) (b) 2
r r 7. If V  4 r 3 , at what rate in cubic units is V increasing
3
(c) r (d) r2
2. If the distance ‘s’ metres traveresed by a particle in t seconds dr
when r = 10 and  0.01 ?
is given by s = t3 – 3t2, then the velocity of the particle when dt
the acceleration is zero in m/s is
(a)  (b) 4
(a) 3 (b) –2
(c) 40 (d) 4/3
(c) –3 (d) 2
8. Side of an equilateral triangle expands at the rate of 2 cm/s. The
3. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate rate of increase of its area when each side is 10 cm, is
of 2 cm/s. The rate at which the area increases, when the
side is 10 cm, is (a) 10 2 cm 2 / sec (b) 10 3 cm3 / sec

(a) 3 cm 2 / s (b) 10 cm2/s (c) 10 cm2/sec (d) 5 cm2/sec

9. The radius of a sphere is changing at the rate of 0.1 cm/s. The
10 rate of change of its surface area when the radius is 200 cm,
(c) 10 3 cm 2 / s (d) cm 2 / s
3 is
(a) 8 cm2/sec (b) 12 cm2/sec
4. Gas is being pumped into a spherical ballon at the rate of 30
ft3/min. Then, the rate at which the radius increases when it (c) 160 cm2/sec (d) 200 cm2/sec
reaches the value 15 ft, is 10. The distance moved by the particle in time t is given by
x = t3 – 12t2 + 6t + 8. At the instant when its acceleration is
1 1 zero, the velocity is
(a) ft / min (b) ft / min
30 15
(a) 42 (b) –42
1 1 (c) 48 (d) –48
(c) ft / min (d) ft / min
20 15 11. For what values of x is the rate of increase of x3 – 5x2 + 5x + 8 is
5. An object is moving in the clockwise direction around the twice the rate of increase of x ?
unit circle x2 + y2 = 1. As it passes through the point 1 1
(a) 3,  (b) 3,
3 3
1 3 
 , ,
 2 2  its y-coordinate is decreasing at the rate of 1 1
  (c) 3,  (d) 3,
3 3
3 unit per second. The rate at which the x-coordinate changes
at this point is (in unit per second) 12. The radius of the base of a cone is increasing at the rate of
3 cm/minute and the altitude is decreasing at the rate of
(a) 2 (b) 3 3 4 cm/minute. The rate of change of lateral surface when the
radius = 7 cm and altitude = 24 cm, is
(c) 3 (d) 2 3 (a) 54 cm2/min (b) 7 cm2/min
(c) 27 cm2/min (d) none of these
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 19

13. The surface area of a sphere when its volume is increasing 19. If y = xn, then the ratio of relative errors in y and x is
at the same rate as its radius, is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
1 (c) 1 : n (d) n : 1
(a) 1 sq. units (b) sq. units
2  20. If the ratio of base radius and height of a cone is 1 : 2 and
percentage error in radius is  %, then the error in its volume
4
(c) 4 sq. units (d) sq. units is
3
(a) % (b) 2%
14. The surface area of a cube is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2/s.
When its edge is 90 cm, the volume is increasing at the rate (c) 3% (d) none of these
of 21. The height of a cylinder is equal to the radius. If an error of
(a) 1620 cm3/sec (b) 810 cm3/sec % is made in the height, then percentage error in its volume
is
(c) 405 cm3/sec (d) 45 cm3/sec
15. A ladder 10 metres long rests with one end against a vertical (a) % (b) 2%
wall, the other end on the floor. The lower end moves away (c) 3% (d) none of these
from the wall at the rate of 2 metres/minute. The rate at which 22. If the percentage error in measuring the surface area of a
the upper end falls when its base is 6 metres away from the
sphere is %, then the error in its volume is
wall, is
(a) 3 metres/min (b) 2/3 metres/min 3 2
(a) % (b) %
(c) 3/2 metres/min (d) none of these 2 3

16. If a particle moving along a line follows the law s  1  t , (c) 3% (d) none of these

then the acceleration is proportional to Roll’s and L.M.V.T.

(a) square of the velocity f ( b)  f (a )

23. In the mean value theorem = f ’ (c), if a = 0,
(b) cube of the displacement ba
(c) cube of the velocity
1
(d) square of the displacement b and f (x) = x (x – 1) (x – 2), then value of c is
2
17. If a particle is moving such that the velocity acquired is
proportional to the square root of the distance covered,
15
then its acceleration is (a) 1 (b) 1 15
6
(a) a constant (b)  s2

1 1 21
(c)  (d)  (c) 1 (d) 1 21
s2 s 6

Errors & Approximation 24. If the polynomial equation

18. The circumference of a circle is measured as 28 cm with an an xn + an–1 xn–1 + .... + a2 x2 + a1x + a0 = 0, n positive integer, has
error of 0.01 cm. The percentage error in the area is two different real roots  and , then between  and , the
equation
1
(a) (b) 0.01
14 nanxn–1 + (n – 1) an–1 xn–2 + ... + a1 = 0 has
(a) exactly one root (b) atmost one root
1
(c) (d) none of these (c) atleast one root (d) no root
7
 20 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

25. The equation of anxn + an–1 xn–1 + .... + a1 x = 0 has a positive 2

root x = , then the equation 31. The equation of the tangent to the curve y  9  2x at the

nan xn–1 + (n –1) an–1 xn–2 + .... a1 = 0 has a positive root which point where the ordinate and the abscissa are equal, is
is
(a) 2x  y  3 3  0 (b) 2x  y  3 3  0
(a) smaller than  (b) greater than 
(c) equal to  (d) greater than or equal to  (c) 2x  y  3 3  0 (d) none of these

32. If the tangent at each point of the curve

sin x sin a sin b
26. If f  x   cos x cos a cos b ,where 0  a  b   , 2 3
2 y= x – 2ax2 + 2x + 5 makes an acute angle with the
tan x tan a tan b 3
positive direction of x-axis, then
(a) a  1 (b) –1  a  1
then the equation f´ (x) = 0 has, in the interval (a, b)
(c) a  – 1 (d) none of these
(a) atleast one root (b) atmost one root 33. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve
(c) no root (d) none of these f (x) = x2 + bx – b at the point (1, 1) and the coordinate axes,
27. If f (x) is differentiable in the interval [2, 5], where lies in the first quadrant. If its area is 2, then the value of b is

1 1 (a) –1 (b) 3
f (2)  and f (5)  , then there exists a number
5 2 (c) – 3 (d) 1
c, 2 < c < 5 for which f ´ (c) is equal to 34. The equation of the tangent to the curve (1 + x2) y = 2 –x,
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/5 where it crosses the x-axis, is
(c) 1/10 (d) none of these (a) x + 5y = 2 (b) x – 5y = 2
Tangents and Normals (c) 5x – y = 2 (d) 5x + y – 2 = 0

1 2 35. Equation of the normal to the curve y   x  2 at the

28. The tangent to the curve 5x2 + y2 = 1 at  ,   passes
3 3 point of its intersection with the curve y = tan (tan–1 x) is
through the point (a) 2x – y – 1 = 0 (b) 2x – y + 1 = 0
(a) (0, 0) (b) (1, –1) (c) 2x + y – 3 = 0 (d) none of these
(c) (–1, 1) (d) none of these 36. The curve y – exy + x = 0 has a vertical tangent at
2 2
29. The tangent to the curve x + y = 25 is parallel to the line 3x (a) (1, 1) (b) (0, 1)
– 4y = 7 at the point
(c) (1, 0) (d) no point
(a) (–3, –4) (b) (3, –4)
37. If the line ax + by + c = 0 is a tangent to the curve xy = 4, then
(c) (3, 4) (d) none of these
the possible answer is
30. If the normal to the curve y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes an
(a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0
3 (c) a < 0, b > 0 (d) none of these
angle with the positive x-axis, then f ’ (3) is equal to
4
Angle of Intersection
3 38. The angle between the curves y = sin x and y = cos x is
(a) –1 (b) 
4
(a) tan 1 (2 2 ) (b) tan 1 (3 2 )
4
(c) (d) 1
3 (c) tan 1 (3 3 ) (d) tan 1 (5 2 )
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 21

Length of Tangent Sub-tangent, Normal Sub normal

39. The angle between the tangents to the curve y2 = 2ax at the
46. The length of subtangent to the curve x2 y2 = a4 at the point
a (–a, a) is
points where x  , is
2 (a) 3a (b) 2a
(c) a (d) 4a
(a) /6 (b) /4
2
47. For the parabola y = 4ax, the ratio of the sub-tangent to the
(c) /3 (d) /2 abscissa is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
40. The angle between the tangents at those points on the curve
y = (x + 1) (x – 3) where it meets x-axis, is (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 1
48. The length of subtangent to the curve x2y2 = a4 at the point
1  15  1  8  (–a, a) is
(a) tan   (b) tan  
8  15  (a) 3a (b) 2a
(c) a (d) 4a

(c) (d) none of these 49. The product of the lengths of subtangent and subnormal at
4
any point of a curve is
41. The angle at which the curves y = sin x and y = cos x intersect
(a) square of the abscissae (b) square of the ordinate
in [0, ], is
(c) constant (d) None of these
(a) tan 1 2 2 (b) tan 1 2
Increasing and Decreasing
50. The function f (x) = x + cos x is
1  1 
(c) tan  2  (d) none of these (a) always increasing
 
(b) always decreasing
42. The two curves x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 and 3x2y – y3 – 2 = 0
(c) increasing for certain range of x
(a) cut at right angles (b) touch each other
(d) None of the above
  51. The function f (x) = tan–1 x + x increases in the interval
(c) cut at an angle (d) cut at an angle
3 4 (a) (1, ) (b) (–1, )
43. The two curves y = 3x and y = 5x intersect at an angle (c) (– , ) (d) (0, )
52. Which of the following statements is/are correct.
 log 5  log 3 
1  log 3  log 5 
1
(a) tan   (b) tan   (a) x + sin x is increasing function
 1  log 3.log 5   1  log 3.log 5 
(b) sec x is neither increasing nor decreasing function
(c) x + sin x is decreasing function
1  log 3  log 5 
(c) tan   (d) none of these (d) sec x is an increasing function
 1  log 3.log 5 
53. The function f (x) = 2 log (x – 2) - x2 + 4x + 1 increases in the
44. The angle of intersection of the curve y = x2 & 6y = 7 – x3 at
interval
(1, 1) is
(a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 3)
(a) /5 (b) /4
(c) [5/2, 3] (d) (2, 4)
(c) /3 (d) /2
54. The interval in which the function x3 increases less rapidly
45. The curves x3 + p xy2 = –2 and 3x2y – y3 = 2 are orthogonal than 6x2 + 15x + 5 is :
for
(a) (–, –1) (b) (– 5, 1)
(a) p = 3 (b) p = –3
(c) (–1, 5) (d) (5, )
(c) no value of p (d) p = +3
 22 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

61. f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2 x is an monotonically increasing

2x 2  1
55. The function y  is function in the set of real numbers if a and b satisfy the
x4
condition.
(a) a decreasing function for all x R – {0} (a) a2 – 3b – 15 > 0 (b) a2 – 3b + 15 > 0
(b) a increasing function for all x R – {0} (c) a2 – 3b + 15 < 0 (d) a > 0 b > 0
(c) increasing for x > 0 62. The length of the longest interval, in which the function
(d) none of these 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x is increasing, is

sin x  
56. The function f  x   is decreasing in the interval (a)
3
(b)
2
x

  3
   (c) (d) 
(a)   , 0  (b)  0,  2
 2   2
63. The function f (x) = 2x2 – log | x | monotonically decreases for
(c) (0, ) (d) none of these (a) x ( –, – 1/2] (0, 1/2]
(b) x  (– , 1/2]
1
57. If f ( x )  – log (1 + x), x > 0, then f is (c) x [– 1/2, 0) [ 1/2, )
x 1
(d) none of these
(a) an increasing function
(b) a decreasing function | x  1|
64. The function f (x)  is monotonically decreasing on :
x2
(c) both increasing and decreasing function
(d) None of the above (a) (2, ) (b) (0, 1)
(c) (0, 1) (2, ) (d) (–, )
x
x
58. Let f (x) =  e (x – 1) (x – 2) dx. Then, f decreases in the
1 
65. If 0  x  , then
interval 2

(a) (–, 2) (b) (–2, –1) 2 sin x

2 sin x
(a)  (b)  1
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, )  x  x
59. Let the function f (x) = sin x + cos x, be defined in
[0, 2], then f (x) sin x sin x
(c) 1 (d) 1
x x
(a) increases in (/4, /2)
(b) decreases in [/4, 5/4] 66. y = log x satisfies for x > 1, the inequality

(c) increases in [0, /4] [5/4, 2] (a) x – 1 > y (b) x2 – 1 > y

(d) decreases in [0, /4) (/2, 2] (c) y > x – 1 (d) (x – 1) / x < y
Maxima and Minima
60. If f (x) = 2x + cot–1 x + log  
1  x 2  x , then f (x) : 67. The function f (x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 4 has local maxima at
(a) x = 2 (b) x = 4
(a) increases in [0, )
(c) x = 0 (d) x = 3
(b) decreases in [0, )
68. Maximum slope of the curve y = – x3 + 3x2 + 9x – 27 is
(c) neither increases nor decreases in [0, )
(a) 0 (b) 12
(d) increases in (– , )
(c) 16 (d) 32
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 23

69. The function f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 4 has 76. The point in the interval [0, 2], where f (x) = ex sin x has
maximum slope, is
(a) no maxima and minima
(b) one maxima and one minima 
(a) 0 (b)
2
(c) two maxima
(d) two minima 3
(c)  (d)
70. The minimum value of 2x + 3y, when xy = 6 is (x > 0) 2

(a) 12 (b) 9 77. The minimum value of xx is attained (where x is positive real
number) when x is equal to :
(c) 8 (d) 6
(a) e (b) e–1
71. The greatest value of f (x) = (x +1)1/3 – (x –1)1/3 on [0, 1] is :
(c) 1 (d) e2
(a) 1 (b) 2
3
 x  3  27
2

(c) 3 (d) 21/3 78. The minimum value of 2 , is

72. The function f (x) = x2 (x –2)2 (a) 227 (b) 2

(a) decreases on (0, 1)  (2, ) (c) 1 (d) 4
(b) increase on (–, 0) (1, 2) 79. The maximum value of xy subject to x + y = 8, is

(c) has a local maximum value 0 (a) 8 (b) 16

(d) has a local maximum value 1 (c) 20 (d) 24

80. The maximum value of x3 – 3x in the intveral [0, 2], is
73. The maximum value of the function y = x (x –1)2, 0 x 2 is
(a) –2 (b) 0
(a) 0 (b) 4/27
(c) 2 (d) None of these
(c) –4 (d) none of these
81. The maximum area of the rectangle that can be inscribed in
74. Let f (x) = (1+b2) x2 + 2bx + 1 and m (b) the minimum value of a circle of radius r, is
f (x) for a given b. As b varies, the range of m (b) is
(a) r2 (b) r2
(a) [0, 1] (b) (0, 1/2] (c) r2/4 (d) 2r2

1  
(c)  ,1 (d) (0, 1] 82. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B  , then the maximum value of
2  3

tan A tan B is

75. f (x) = 1 + [cos x] x, in 0  x  1
2 1
(a) (b)
3 3
(a) has a minimum value 0
(c) 3 (d) 3
(b) has a maximum value 2
83. In a  ABC, B = 90° and a + b = 4. The area of the triangle is
  maximum when C, is
(c) is continuous in 0, 
 2
 
(a) (b)
4 6

(d) is not differentiable at x =
2 
(c) (d) none of these
3
 24 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

84. The point (0, 3) is nearest to the curve x2 = 2y at 87. An isosceles triangle of vertical angle 2 is inscribed in a
circle of radius a. Then area of the triangle is maximum when

(a) 2 2 ,0  (b) (0, 0) =

(c) (2, 2) (d) none of these  

(a) (b)
6 4
x
3 5
t  e t 1  t 1 t  2   t  3 dt local
85. The function f (x) =

1
(c)

3
(d)

2

minimum at x = 88. The maximum slope of the curve y = –x3 + 3x2 + 9x – 27 is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 0 (b) 12

(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) 16 (d) 32

86. The length of the smallest intercept made by the coordinate

x

2 t 1 t  2 3 t 1  t  2 dt

3 2 2
x y 2 2
89. The function f  x  
axes on any tangent to the ellipse 2  2 1, is
a b 1

ab attains its local maximum value at x =

(a) a + b (b)
2 (a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) 4
ab
(c) (d) None of these 90. If f (x) = x3 + 4x2 + x + 1 is a strictly decreasing function of x
4
in the largest possible interval [–2, –2/3] then

(a) = 4 (b) = 2

(c) = –1 (d) has no real value

 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 25

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. The maximum distance from origin of a point on the curve 7. A point on the parabola y2 = 18x at which the ordinate
increases at twice the rate of the abscissa, is (2004)
 at 
x = a sin t – b sin   (a) (2, 4) (b) (2, –4)
b
 9 9 9 9
(c)   ,  (d)  , 
 at   8 2 8 2
y = a cos t – b cos   , both a, b > 0, is (2002)
b
8. A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative
(a) a – b (b) a + b f ” = 6(x–1). If its graph passes through the point (2, 1) and
at that point the tangent to the graph is y = 3x – 5, then the
(c) a 2  b2 (d) a 2  b2 function is (2004)
2. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 (a, b, c, R), then the quadratic equation (a) (x – 1)2 (b) (x – 1)3
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has (2002) (c) (x + 1)3 (d) (x + 1)2
(a) at least one root in (0, 1) (b) at least one root in [2, 3] 9. The normal to the curve x = a (1 + cos ), y = a sin at 
(c) at least one root in [4, 5] (d) none of the above always passes through the fixed point (2004)
3. The greatest value of f (x) = (x +1)1/3 – (x – 1)1/3 on [0, 1] is (a) (a, 0) (b) (0, a)
(2002) (c) (0, 0) (d) (a, a)
(a) 1 (b) 2 10. Area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in the

1 x 2 y2
(c) 3 (d) ellipse   1 is (2005)
3 a 2 b2
4. The function f (x) = cot–1 x + x increases in the interval (a) ab (b) 2 ab
(2002)
(c) a/b (d) ab
(a) (1, ) (b) (–1, )
11. The normal to the curve x = a (cos  + sin ),
(c) (–, ) (d) (0, )
y =a (sin – cos ) at any point is such that (2005)
5. If the function f (x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2 x + 1, where a > 0,
attains its maximum and minimum at p and q respectively 
such that p2 = q, then a equals (2003) (a) it makes angle   with x–axis
2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(b) it passes through the origin
1 (c) it is a constant distance from the origin
(c) (d) 3
2
  
6. The real number x when added to its inverse gives the (d) it passes through  a , a 
 2 
minimum value of the sum at x equal to (2003)
(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) – 2 (d) 2
 26 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

12. A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice 17. A triangular park is enclosed on two sides by a fence and
of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min. When on the third side by a straight river bank. The two sides
the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness having fence are of same length x. The maximum area
of ice decreases, is (2005) enclosed by the park is (2006)

1 1 3 2 x3
(a) cm / min (b) cm / min x
18 36 (a) (b)
2 8

5 1
(c) cm / min (d) cm / min 1 2
6 54 (c) x (d) x2
2
13. Let f be differentiable for all x.
18. Angle between the tangents to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 6 at
If f (1) = – 2 and f ´(x) 2 for x [1, 6], then (2005) the points (2, 0) and (3, 0) is (2006)
(a) f (6) < 8 (b) f (6) 8 (a) /2 (b) /3
(c) f (6) = 5 (d) f (6) < 5 (c) /6 (d) /4
14. A function is matched below against an interval where it is 19. A value of c for which conclusion of Mean Value Theorem
supposed to be increasing. Which of the following pairs holds for the function f (x) = loge x on the interval [1, 3], is
is incorrectly matched ? (2005)
(2007)
Interval Function
(a) log3 e (b) loge 3
(a) (–, –4) x3 + 6x2 + 6
1
(c) 2 log3 e (d) log e 3
 1 2
(b)  ,  3x2 – 2x + 1
 3
20. The function f (x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is an increasing
(c) [2, ) 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 6 function in (2007)
(d) (–, ) x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 3
    
(a)  0,  (b)   , 
3x 2  9 x  17  2  2 2
15. If x is real, the maximum value of is
3x 2  9 x  7
    
(2006) (c)  ,  (d)   , 
4 2  2 4
1 21. If p and q are positive real numbers such that p2 + q2 =1,
(a) (b) 41
4 then the maximum value of (p + q) is (2007)

17 1 1
(c) 1 (d) (a) (b)
7 2 2

x 2 (c) 2 (d) 2
16. The function g (x)   has a local minimum at
2 x
22. How many real solutions does the equation
(2006)
x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x – 560 = 0 have ? (2008)
(a) x = 2 (b) x = – 2
(a) 5 (b) 7
(c) x = 0 (d) x = 1
(c) 1 (d) 3
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 27

23. Suppose the cubic x3 – px + q has three distinct real roots

 5  x
where p > 0 and q > 0. Then which one of the following 27. For x   0,  , define f (x)  0 t sin t dt. Then, f has
 2 
holds? (2008)
(2011)
p p (a) local minimum at  and 2
(a) The cubic has maxima at both and –
3 3
(b) local minimum at and local maximum at 2
(c) local maximum at and local minimum at 2
p p
(b) The cubic has minima at and maxima at – (d) local maximum at and 2
3 3
28. Let f be a function defined by
p p
(c) The cubic has minima at – and maxima at  tan x
3 3  , x0
f (x)   x
 1 , x0
p p
(d) The cubic has minima at both and –
3 3 Statement I x = 0 is point of minima of f.
24. Given P (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d such that x = 0 is the only Statement II f ’ (0) = 0 (2011)
real root of P’(x) = 0. If P(–1) < P(1), then in the interval (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
[–1, 1] (2009)
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
(a) P (–1) is the minimum and P(1) is the maximum of P
Statement II is correct explanation for Statement I.
(b) P (–1) is not minimum but P(1) is the maximum of P
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
(c) P(–1) is the minimum and P(1) is not the maximum of P
Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I.
(d) neither P(–1) is the minimum nor P(1) is the maximum of P
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4 29. A spherical balloon is filled with 4500 cu m of helium gas.
25. The equation of the tangent to the curve y  x  , that
x2 If a leak in the balloon causes the gas to escape at the rate
is parallel to the x-axis, is (2010) of 72 cu m/ min, then the rate (in m/min) at which the
radius of the balloon decreases 49 min after the leakage
(a) y = 0 (b) y = 1
began is (2012)
(c) y = 2 (d) y = 3
9 7
26. Let f : R  R be defined by (a) (b)
7 9
 k  2x, if x   1
f (x)   2 9
 2x  3, if x  1 (c) (d)
9 2
If f has a local minimum at x = –1, then a possible value of
k is (2010)
(a) 1 (b) 0

(c)  1 (d) –1
2
 28 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

30. Let a, b  R be such that the function f given by 34. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying
f (x) = log |x| + bx2 + ax, x  0 has extreme values at f(0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f(1) = 6, then for some c ]0, 1[:
x = –1 and x = 2. (2014)
Statement I f has local maximum at x = –1 and x = 2. (a) f’(c) = 2g’(c) (b) 2f’(c) = g’(c)
1 1 (c) 2f’(c) = 3g’(c) (d) f’(c) = g’(c)
Statement II a  and b  . (2012)
2 4 35. If the Rolle’s theorem holds for the function
f(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx in the interval [-1, 1] for the point
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; 1
c , then the value of 2a + b is
2
Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I.
(2014/Online Set–1)
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
(a) 1 (b) -1
Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I.
(c) 2 (d) -2
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
31. A line is drawn through the point (1, 2) to meet the 36. For the curve y = 3 sin  cos  , x  e sin , 0    ,
coordinate axes at P and Q such that it forms a  OPQ, the tangent is parallel to x-axis when  is:
where O is the origin, if the area of the OPQ is least, then
(2014/Online Set–2)
the slope of the line PQ is (2012)

1 3 
(a) (b)
(a)  (b) – 4 4 2
4

1  
(c) – 2 (d)  (c) (d)
2 4 6

32. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, 37. Two ships A and B are sailing straight away from a fixed
point O along routes such that AOB is always 120°. At
x

y
 0
| t |dt , x R , which are parallel to the line y = 2x, are a certain instance, OA = 8 km, OB = 6 km and the ship A is
sailing at the rate of 20 km/hr while the ship B sailing at the
equal to (2013) rate of 30 km/hr. Then the distance between A and B is
changing at the rate (in km/hr): (2014/Online Set–2)
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2
(c) ± 3 (d) ± 4 260 260
(a) (b)
33. If x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points of 37 37
2
f(x) =  log |x| + x + x then : (2014)
80 80
(c) (d)
1 1 37 37
(a)   2,   (b)   6,  
2 2
38. The volume of the largest possible right circular cylinder
1 1 that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius  3 is:
(c)   6,    (d)   2,   
2 2
(2014/Online Set–2)

4 8
(a) 3 (b) 3
3 3

(c) 4 (d) 2
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 29

44. Let k and K be the minimum and the maximum values of

1 cos  1
1 2 x (1  x)0.6
If  
f    sin  1  cos  the function f (x)= in [0, 1] respectively, then
39. 3 1 2 and A and B are 1  x 0.6
1 sin  1
the ordered pair (k, K) is equal to:
respectively the maximum and the minimum values of
(2015/Online Set–2)
f    , then (A, B) is equal to: (2014/Online Set–3)
(a) (20.4 ,1) (b) (20.4 , 20.6 )

(a) (3, -1) 

(b) 4, 2  2  (c) (20.6 ,1) (d) (1, 20.6 )


(c) 2  2, 2  2  
(d) 2  2, 1  45. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are
bent respectively to form a square of side =x unit and a
40. If the volume of a spherical ball is increasing at the rate of circle of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the
4 cc/sec, then the rateof increase of its radius (in cm/ square and the circle so formed is minimum, then :
sec), when the volume is 288 cc, is: (2016)

(2014/Online Set–4) (a) (4 – ) x = r (b) x = 2r

(c) 2x = r (d) 2x = ( + 4)r
1 1
(a) (b) 46. Consider
6 9
 1  sin x   
1 1 f  x   tan1   , x   0,  , A normal to
(c) (d)  1  sin x  2
36  
24

41. The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy –3y2 = 0, at (1, 1): 

y = f (x) at x  also passes through the point :
(2015) 6
(a) meets the curve again in the third quadrant. (2016)
(b) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant.
 2    
(c) does not meet the curve again. (a)  0,  (b)  , 0 
 3   6 
(d) meets the curve again in the second quadrant.
42. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme   
(c)  , 0  (d) (0, 0)
 4 
 f(x) 
value at x = 1 and x = 2. If lim
x 0 
1  2  = 3, then f(2) is
 x  47. If the tangent at a point P, with parameter t, on the curve
equal to: (2015) x = 4t2 + 3, y = 8t3 –1, t  R, meets the curve again at a

(a) 0 (b) 4 point Q, then the coordinates of Q are :

(c) –8 (d) –4 (2016/Online Set–1)

43. If Roll’s theorem holds for the function f(x) = 2x3 + bx2 + cx, (a) (t2 + 3, –t3 – 1) (b) (4t2 + 3, –8t3 – 1)
(c) (t2 + 3, t3 – 1) (d) (16t2+ 3, –64t3– 1)
1
x  [–1, 1], at the point x = , then 2b + c equals :
2

(2015/Online Set–1)
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) –1 (d) –3
 30 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

48. The minimum distance of a point on the curve

53. If the curves y2  6x,9x 2  by2  16 intersect each other
y = x2 – 4 from the origin is : (2016/Online Set–1)
at right angles, then the value of b is
19 15 (2018)
(a) (b)
2 2
9
(a) (b) 6
2
15 19
(c) (d)
2 2
7
(c) (d) 4
49. The normal to the curve y(x – 2) (x – 3) = x + 6 at the point 2
where the curve intersects the y-axis passes through the
point: (2017) 1 1
54. Let f  x   x 2  2
and g  x   x  ,
x x
 1 1 1 1
(a)   ,   (b)  , 
 2 2 2 2 f x
x  R  1, 0,1 . If h  x   , then the local minimum
gx
1 1 1 1
(c)  ,   (d)  ,  value of h(x) is : (2018)
 2 3  2 3
(a) 2 2 (b) 3
50. Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower-
bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum (c) -3 (d) 2 2
area (in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is: (2017)
55. If a right circular cone, having maximum volume, is
(a) 12.5 (b) 10
inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 cm, then the curved
(c) 25 (d) 30 surface area (in cm2) of this cone is :
51. The tangent at the point (2, “2) to the curve, x2y2 – 2x = 4 (2018/Online Set–1)
(1 – y) does not pass through the point :
(2017/Online Set–1) (a) 6 2 (b) 6 3

 1 (c) 8 2 (d) 8 3
(a)  4,  (b) (8, 5)
 3 56. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extreme values
(c) (–4, –9) (d) (–2, – 7) at x = 1 and x = 2.

52. The function f defined by f (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 5x + 7, is

 f x 
(2017/Online Set–2) If lim  2 + 1  = 3 then f (-1) is equal to:
 x
x0

(a) increasing in R.
(2018/Online Set–2)
(b) decreasing in R.
9 5
(c) decreasing in (0,  ) and increasing in (, 0). (a) (b)
2 2
(d) increasing in (0,  ) and decreasing in (, 0).
3 1
(c) (d)
2 2
57. Let M and m be respectively the absolute maximum and
the absolute minimum values of the function, f (x)= 2x3-
9x2+12x+5 in the interval [0, 3]. Then M-m is equal to :
(2018/Online Set–3)
(a) 5 (b) 9
(c) 4 (d) 1
 31 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE–I 6. The circle shown in figure has radius of 10 cm. If point P
Single Type Questions moves towards right with a speed of 5 cm/sec, then the
1. The altitude of a cone is 20 cm and its semi-vertical angle rate at which the length of arc BQ is increasing at; the
is 30°. If the semi-vertical angle is increasing at the rate of instant when BAQ is 45°
2° per second, then the radius of the base is increasing at
the rate of

2 8
(a) cm/sec (b) cm/sec
27 27

16  4
(c) cm/sec (d) cm/sec
27 27

2t t
2. A particle’s velocity  at time t is given by   2e cos .
3
The least value of time at which the acceleration becomes
zero, is
5
(a) 10 cm/sec (b) cm/sec
3 2
(a) 0 (b)
2
10
3 6 3 1  6  (c) cm/sec (d) 5 cm/sec
(c) tan 1   (d) cot   2
    
3. A variable triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius R. If the 7. l1 and l2 are the side lengths of two variable squares
rate of change of a side is R times the rate of change of the
S1 and S2 respectively. If l1 = l2 + l23 + 6 then rate of change
opposite angle, then that angle is
(a) /6 (b) /4 of the area of S2 with respect to rate of change of the area
(c) /3 (d) /2 of S1 and l2 = 1 is equal to
4. A particle moving on a curve has the position at time t
(a) 3/4 (b) 4/3
given by x = f  (t) sin t + f  (t) cos t,
y = f  (t) cos t – f  (t) sin t, where f is a thrice differentiable (c) 3/2 (d) None
function. Then the velocity of the particle at time t is 8. Let x be the length of one of the equal sides of an isosceles
(a) f  (t) + f  (t) (b) f (t) + f  (t) triangle, and let  be the angle between them. If x is increasing
(c) f  (t) + f  (t) (d) none of these at the rate (1/12)m/h, and  is increasing at the rate of /180
5. The radius of a right circular cylinder increases at a
radians/h, then the rate in m2/hr at which the area of the triangle
constant rate. Its altitude is a linear function of the radius
is increasing when x = 12m and , is
and increases three times as fast as radius. When the
radius is 1 cm the altitude is 6 cm. When the radius is 6 cm,
1/ 2  2  73
the volume is increasing at the rate of 1 cu cm/sec. When (a) 2  1  (b) 2
 5  2
the radius is 36 cm, the volume is increasing at a rate of n
cu cm/sec. The value of ‘n’ is equal to
(a) 12 (b) 22 31 / 2  1/ 2  1 
(c)  (d) 2   
2 5 2 5
(c) 30 (d) 33
 32 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

9. A flu epidemic hits Pune. Health officers estimate that the 17. The sum of the intercepts made on the axes of coordinates
number of persons sick with the flu at time t (measured in by any tangent to the curve x  y  2 is equal to
days from the beginning of the epidemic) is estimated by
P(t) = 60t2 – t3, 0 < t < 40. At what time t is the flu spreading (a) 4 (b) 2
at the rate of 900 people per day ? (c) 8 (d) none of these
(a) t = 10 and 30 (b) t = 10 only 18. The number of values of c such that the straight line
(c) t = 38 (d) t = 25 and 32 x4
3x + 4y = c touches the curve  x  y is
10. In a ABC if sides a and b remain constant such that  is 2
the error in C, then relative error in its area is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) cot C (b)  sin C (c) 2 (d) 4
(c) tan C (d) cos C 19. Equation of normal drawn to the graph of the function defined
11. In a ABC the sides b and c are given. If there is an error
sin x 2
A in measuring angle A, then the error a in side a is as f  x   , x  0 and f (0) = 0 at the origin is
x
given by (where S area of triangle)
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x – y = 0
S 2S
(a) A (b) A (c) y = 0 (d) x = 0
2a a
20. The tangent to the curve 3xy2 – 2x2y = 1 at (1, 1) meets the
(c) bc sin A A (d) none of these curve again at the point
12. The value of (127)1/3 to four decimal places is
 16 1   16 1 
(a) 5.0267 (b) 5.4267 (a)   ,   (b)  , 
 5 20   5 20 
(c) 5.5267 (d) 5.001
13. If m be the slope of a tangent to the curve e2y = 1 + 4x2,  1 16   1 16 
(c)  ,  (d)   , 
then  20 5   20 5 
(a) m < 1 (b) |m| 1 21. A curve is represented by the equations, x = sec2t and
(c) |m| > 1 (d) none of these y = cot t where t is a parameter. If the tangent at the point
P on the curve where t = /4 meets the curve again at the
14. Tangents are drawn from the origin to the curve
point Q then |PQ| is equal to
y = sin x. Their points of contact lie on the curve
(a) x2y2 = x2 + y2 (b) x2y2 = x2 – y2 5 3 5 5
(a) (b)
2 2 2
(c) x y = y – x 2
(d) none of these 2 2
15. The equation of the tangent to the curve
2 5 3 5
(c) (d)
 2 1 3 2
 x sin , x  0
y x at the origin is 22. At any two points of the curve represented parametrically
 0, x0 by x = a (2 cos t – cos 2t); y = a (2 sin t – sin 2t) the tangents
are parallel to the axis of x corresponding to the values of
(a) x = 0 (b) x = y the parameter t differing from each other by
(c) y = 0 (d) none of these (a) 2/3 (b) 3/4
16. Number of possible tangents to the curve (c) /2 (d) /3
y = cos (x + y), –3  x  3, that are parallel to the 23. The ordinate of y = (a/2) (ex/a + e–x/a) is the geometric mean
line x + 2y = 0, is of the length of the normal and the quantity
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) a/2 (b) a
(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) e (d) none of these
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 33

24. The two tangents to the curve ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1, a > 0 at 31. The sum of tangent and sub-tangent at any point of the
the points where it crosses x-axis, are curve y = a log (x2 – a2) varies as

(a) parallel (b) perpendicular (a) abscissa

(b) product of the coordinates

(c) inclined at an angle (d) none of these (c) ordinate
4
(d) none of these
25. The two curves y2 = 4x and x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0 at the point 32. For the curve xm + n = am – n y2n, where a is a positive constant
(1, 2) and m, n are positive integers
(a) (sub-tangent)m  (sub-normal)n

(a) intersect orthogonally (b) intersect at an angle (b) (sub-normal)m  (sub-tangent)n
3
(c) the ratio of subtangent and subnormal is constant
(c) touch each other (d) none of these
(d) none of the above
3 2 33. |sin 2x| – |x| – a = 0 does not have solution if a lies in
26. The lines y =  x and y   x intersect the curve
2 5
 3 3    3 3 
3x2 + 4xy + 5y2 – 4 = 0 at the points P and Q respectively. (a)  6 ,  (b)  6 , 
The tangents drawn to the curve at P and Q    

(a) intersect each other at angle of 45° (c) (1, ) (d) None of these

(b) are parallel to each other 34. A curve is represented parametrically by the equation
x = t + eat and y = –t + eat when t  R and a > 0. If the curve
(c) are perpendicular to each other
touches the axis of x at the point A, then the coordinates
(d) none of these of the point A are
27. The sub-normal at any point of the curve (a) (1, 0) (b) (1/e, 0)
2 2 2 2 2
x y = a (x – a ) varies as (c) (e, 0) (d) (2e, 0)
(a) (abscissa)–3 (b) (abscissa)3 35. Let f be a differentiable function with f (2) = 3 and
f (2) = 5, and let g be the function defined by g(x) = x f (x).
(c) (ordinate)–3 (d) none of these
y-intercept of the tangent line to the graph of ‘g’ at point
28. The sub-tangent at any point of the curve xmyn = am + n with abscissa 2, is
varies as (a) 20 (b) 8
(a) (abscissa)2 (b) (abscissa)3 (c) – 20 (d) – 18
(c) abscissa (d) ordinate 36. The number of points with integral coordinates where
29. If at any point on a curve the sub-tangent and sub-normal are 2
tangent exists in the curve y = sin–1 2x 1  x is
equal, then the length of the normal is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 2 ordinate (b) ordinate
(c) 3 (d) None

(c) 2 ordinate (d) none of these  x 2 , for x 0

37. Let f (x) =  2 . Then the x-intercept of
30. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the normal  x  8 , for x 0
of curve x = a (cos  +  sin ), y = a (sin  –  cos ) at any the line that is tangent to both portions of the graph of
point  is y = f (x) is
(a) a (b) a/2 (a) zero (b) –1

(c) a/3 (d) none of these (c) –3 (d) –4

 34 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

38. If px2 + qx + r = 0, p, q, r  R has no real zero and the line n x

44. For function f (x)  , which of the following
y + 2 = 0 is tangent to f (x) = px2 + qx + r then x
(a) p + q + r > 0 (b) p – q + r > 0 statements are true.
(c) r < 0 (d) None of these (a) f (x) has horizontal tangent at x = e

39. Tangent of acute angle between the curves y = |x2 –1| and (b) f (x) cuts the x–axis only at one point
(c) f (x) is many – one function
y  7  x 2 at their points of intersection is
(d) f (x) has one vertical tangent
45. Which of the following pair (s) of curves is/are orthogonal.
5 3 3 5
(a) (b) (a) y2 = 4ax ; y = e–x/2a
2 2
(b) y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4ay at (0, 0)
(c) xy = a2 ; x2 – y2 = b2
5 3 3 5
(c) (d) (d) y = ax ; x2 + y2 = c2
4 4
46. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the normal
40. If t, n, t´, n´ are the lengths of tangent, normal, subtangent of curve x = a (cos+ sin ), y = a (sin – cos )
& subnormal at a point P (x1, y1) on any curve y = f (x) then
at a point is ‘a’, if =
1 1 1 (a) /4 (b) /3
(a) t2 + n2 = t´n´ (b)  
t 2 n 2 t 'n ' (c) /2 (d) /6
47. A nursery sells plants after 6 year of growth. Two seedlings
(c) t´n´ = tn (d) nt´ = n´t
A and B are planted each of height 5 cm whose growth
41. Find the shortest distance between xy = 9 and x2+y2 = 1.
dh A dh B
rates are = 0.5t + 2 and = t + 1 where heights
(a) 3 2  1 (b) 2 dt dt
hA and hB are in cms and t is the time in years. Then
(c) 4 (d) 3 2  1 (a) the height of the plants are equal at t = 3 (in years)
42. A curve passes through the point (2, 0) and the slope of (b) the height of the plants are equal at t = 4 (in years)
the tangent at any point (x, y) is x2 – 2x for all values of x (c) when the plants are sold, their heights are 26 cms and
then 3ylocal max is equal to 29 cms.
(a) 4 (b) 3 (d) none of these
(c) 1 (d) 2 48. The angle between the tangent at any point P and the line
joining P to the origin, where P is a point on the curve
Multiple Type Questions
y
ln(x2 + y2) = c tan–1 , c is a constant, is
43. The abscissa of a point on the curve xy = (a + x)2, x
the normal at which cuts off equal intercepts on the (a) independent of x and y
coordinate axes is (b) dependent on c

(a) a / 2 (b) 2a (c) independent of c but dependent on x

(d) none of these
(c) 2 a/2 (d)  2 a 49. Let the parabolas y = x (c – x) and y = – x2 – ax + b touch
each other at the point (1, 0), then
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a + b = 2
(c) b + c = 1 (d) a – c = –2
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 35

50. The point on the curve xy2 = 1, which is nearest to the 55. Assertion : Tangent drawn at the point (0, 1) to the curve
origin is y = x3 – 3x + 1 meets the curve thrice at one point only.
(a) (21/3, 21/6) (b) (2–1/3, 21/6) Reason : Tangent drawn at the point (1, –1) to the curve
(c) (2–1/3, – 21/6) (d) (–2–1/3, 21/6) y = x3 – 3x + 1 meets the curve at 1 point only.

51. The value of parameter a so that the line (a) A (b) B

(3 – a) x + ay + (a2 – 1) = 0 is normal to the curve xy = 1, may (c) C (d) D
lie in the interval
56. Assertion : Shortest distance between
(a)  (b) (1, 3)
| x | + | y | = 2 & x2 + y2 = 16 is 4  2
(c)  (d) 
Reason : Shortest distance between the two non
52. The points on the curve y = x 1 x 2 , –1 < x < 1 at which intersecting differentiable curves lies along the common
the tangent line is vertical are normal.

(a) A (b) B
 1 1
(a) (–1, 0) (b)   ,  (c) C (d) D
 2 2
Paragraph Type Questions

 1 1  Using the following passage, solve Q.57 to Q.59

(c) (1, 0) (d)  , 
 2 2 Passage

Assertion Reason Type Questions Let y = a x + bx be curve, (2x – y) + (2x + y – 4) = 0 be

53. Assertion : The tangent at x = 1 to the curve family of lines.

y = x3 – x2 – x + 2 again meets the curve at x = – 2.

1
57. If curve has slope  at (9, 0) then a tangent belonging
Reason : When a equation of a tangent solved with the 2
curve, repeated roots are obtained at point of tangency.
to family of lines is
(a) A (b) B
(a) x + 2y – 5 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 3 = 0
(c) C (d) D
(c) 3x – y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x + y – 5 = 0
54. Assertion : The ratio of length of tangent to length of
58. A line of the family cutting positive intercepts on axes
normal is directly proportional to the ordinate of the point
and forming triangle with coordinate axes, then minimum
of tangency at the curve y2 = 4ax.
length of the line segment between axes is
Reason : Length of normal & tangent to a curve
(a) (22/3 – 1)3/2 (b) (22/3 + 1)3/2

y 1  m2 (c) 73/2 (d) 27

2
y = f (x) is y 1  m and , where m  dy .
m dx 59. Two perpendicular chords of curve y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0
belonging to family of lines form diagonals of a
(a) A (b) B quadrilateral. Minimum area of quadrilateral is
(c) C (d) D (a) 16 (b) 32

(c) 64 (d) 50
 36 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Using the following passage, solve Q.60 to Q.62 Match The Column
Passage 66. Column–I Column–II
(A) If portion of the tangent at any (P) 0
v(x) 3 4
dy point on the curve x = at , y=at
If y   f (t) dt, let us define in a different manner
u(x) dx between the axes is divided by
the abscissa of the point of
dy 2 2
as = v´ (x) f (v (x)) – u´ (x) f (u (x)) and the equation contact in the ratio m : n externally,
dx
then |n + m| is equal to
of the tangent at (a, b) as
(m and n are coprime)
 dy  (B) The area of triangle formed by (Q) 1/2
yb   (x  a)
 dx  a,b  normal at the point (1, 0) on the
siny
curve x = e with axes is
2
x2 (C) If the angle between curves x y=1 (R) 7
2
60. If y  x t dt, then equation of tangent at x = 1 is and y = e
2(1–x)
at the point (1, 1) is
then tan is equal to
(a) y = x + 1 (b) x + y = 1 (D) The length of sub-tangent at any (S) 3
x/3
(c) y = x – 1 (d) y = x point on the curve y = be is
x equal to
2 /2 d
61. If F (x)   e t (1 – t2) dt, then F (x) at x = 1 is 67. Column–I Column–II
dx
1
(A) Circular plate is expanded by (P) 4
(a) 0 (b) 1 heat from radius 5 cm to 5.06 cm.
(c) 2 (d) –1 Approximate increase in area is
(B) If an edge of a cube increases by (Q) 0.6 
x4
dy 1% then percentage increase in
62. If y   nt dt, then lim x 0  dx
is
volume is
x3
(C) If the rate of decrease of (R) 3
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) –1 x2
 2x  5 is twice the rate
Using the following passage, solve Q.63 to Q.65 2
of decrease of x, then x is equal to
Passage
(rate of decrease is non-zero)
If y = f (x) is a curve and if there exists two points
A (x 1 , f (x 1 )) and B (x 2 , f (x 2)) on it such that (D) Rate of increase in area of (S) 3 3 /4
1 f (x 2 )  f (x1 ) equilateral triangle of side 15cm,
f '(x1 )    , then the tangent at
f '(x 2 ) x 2  x1 when each side is increasing at
x1 is normal at x2 for that curve. the rate of 0.1 cm/sec; is
63. Number of such lines on the curve y = sinx is Subjective Type Questions
68. If the length of the interval of ‘a’ such that the inequality
(a) 1 (b) 0 3 – x2 > |x – a| has atleast one negative solution is k then
(c) 2 (d) infinite find 4k.
64. Number of such lines on the curve y = |ln x| is x 2 y2
69. Let be the angle in radians between   1 and
(a) 1 (b) 2 36 4
(c) 0 (d) infinite the circle x2 + y2 = 12 at their points of intersection. If
k
65. Number of such line on the curve y2 = x3 is   tan 1 , then find the value of k2.
2 3
(a) 1 (b) 2
70. If A is the area of the triangle formed by positive x-axis
(c) 3 (d) 0 and the normal and the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at
1, 3  then A / 3 is equal to
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 37

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE–II 7. Let f (x) = cot–1 [g (x)], where g (x) is an increasing function
Single Correct for 0 < x < . Then f (x) is

1. If f (x) and g (x) are differentiable functions for 0 < x < 1 (a) increasing in (0, )
such that f (0) = 2, g (0) =0, f (1) = 6, g (1) = 2, then in the (b) decreasing in (0, )
interval (0, 1)

(a) f ´ (x) = 0, for all x    

(c) increasing in  0,  and decreasing in  ,  
 2 2 
(b) f ´ (x) = 2g´ (x), for atleast one x

(c) f ´ (x) = 2g´ (x), for atmost one x (d) none of these
(d) none of these 8. Let f ´ (x) > 0 and g´ (x) < 0 for all x  R. Then,
2. If a + b + c = 0, then the equation 3ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 has, in (a) f [g (x)] > f [g (x + 1)]
the interval (0, 1) (b) f [g (x)] > f [g (x – 1)]
(a) atleast one root (b) atmost one root (c) g [ f (x)] > g [ f (x – 1)]
(c) no root (d) none of these (d) none of these

3. Between any two real roots of the equation ex sin x = 1, the 9. Consider the following statements S and R :
x
equation e cos x = – 1 has
S : Both sin x and cos x are decreasing functions in the
(a) atleast one root (b) exactly one root
 
(c) atmost one root (d) no root interval  ,  
2 
4. If a < 0, f (x) = eax + e–ax and S = { x : f (x) is monotonically
decreasing}, then S is equals R : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval

(a) {x : x > 0} (b) {x : x < 0} (a, b), then its derivative also decreases in (a, b).
Which of the following is true ?
(c) {x : x > 1} (d) {x : x < 1}
(a) Both S and R are wrong.
5. Let f (x) and g (x) be defined and differentiable for x > x0 and
f (x0) = g (x0), f ´ (x) > g´ (x) for x > x0, then (b) Both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct
explanation for S.
(a) f (x) < g (x), x > x0 (b) f (x) = g (x), x > x0
(c) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S.
(c) f (x) > g (x), x > x0 (d) none of these
(d) S is correct and R is wrong.
 n   x
6. The function f  x   is 10. If the function f (x) increases in the interval (a, b) then the
 n e  x
function  (x) = [ f (x)]2.

(a) increasing on (0, ) (a) Increases in (a, b)

(b) deceasing on (0, ) (b) decreases in (a, b)

(c) increasing on (0, /e), decreasing on (/e, ) (c) we cannot say that  (x) increases or decreases in (a, b)

(d) decreasing on (0, /e), increasing on (/e, ) (d) none of these

 38 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

14. If  (x) = f (x) + f (2a – x) and f ’’ (x) > 0, a > 0,

x2 x2
11. If f  x   ; g x  where 0 < x < 1, 0 < x < 2a then
2  2cos x 6x  6sin x
(a)  (x) increases in [a, 2a]
then :
(a) both ‘ f ’ and ‘g’ are increasing functions (b)  (x) increases in [0, a]

(b) ‘ f ’ is decreasing and ‘g’ is increasing function (c)  (x) decreases in [0, a]
(c) ‘ f ’ is increasing and ‘g’ is decreasing function (d)  (x) decreases in [a, 2a]
(d) both ‘ f ’ and ‘g’ are decreasing function 15. If f is an even function then

 (a) f 2 increases on (a, b)

5
12. For x  0, tan 1  , the function
 2  (b) f cannot be monotonic
(c) f 2 need not increases on (a, b)
 2 sin x  5 cos x 
(d) f has inverse
f (x) = cot–1  
 7 
16. Let f (x) = xm/n for x  R where m and n are integers, m even
and n odd and 0 < m < n. Then
 5
(a) increases in  0, tan 1  (a) f (x) decreases on (–, 0]
 2 

(b) f (x) increases on [0, )
 
(b) decreases in  0, tan 1 5  (c) f (x) increases on (–, 0]
 2 
 (d) f (x) decreases on [0, )
17. The greatest and the least value of the function,
 2
(c) increases in  0, tan 1  and decreases in
 5 
f (x) = 1– 2x + x 2 – 1+ 2x + x 2 , x are

 1 2 5 (a) 2, –2 (b) 2, –1
 tan , tan 1 
 5 2 
(c) 2, 0 (d) none

 1 2 5 18. The difference between the greatest and least values of

(d) increases in  tan , tan 1  and decreases in
 5 2  1 1
the function, f (x) = cos x + cos 2x – cos 3x is :
2 3
 1 2
 0, tan 
 5  (a) 4/3 (b) 1
(c) 9/4 (d) 1/6

13. If f  x   a
a|x| sgn x ; g  x   a  a|x| sgn x 
 
for a > 1 and 19. The function ‘ f ’ is defined by f (x) = xp (1 –x)q for all
x R, where p,q are positive integers, has a local maximum
x  R, where { } & [ ] denote the fractional part and integral
part functions respectively, then which of the following value, for x equal to :
statements hold good for the function h (x),
pq
where (ln a) h (x) = (ln f (x) + ln g (x)). (a) (b) 1
p+q
(a) ‘h’ is even and increasing
(b) ‘h’ is odd and decreasing
p
(b) ‘h’ is even and decreasing (c) 0 (d)
p+q
(d) ‘h’ is odd and increasing
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 39

26. The greatest value of f (x) = (x+1)1/3 – (x–1)1/3 on [0, 1] is

 x 3 – x 2 10x – 5, x 1
20. Let f (x) =  the set of values of b (a) 1 (b) 2
 
 –2x  log 2 b 2 – 2 , x 1
(c) 3 (d) 1/3

for which f (x) have greatest value at x = 1 is given by : 27. If the function f (x) = 2x – 9ax2 + 12a2 x + 1, where a > 0,
3

attains its local maximum and local minimum at p and q

(a) 1b2
respectively such that p2 = q, then a equals.
(b) b = {1, 2}
(a) 3 (b) 1
(c) b (–, –1)
(c) 2 (d) 1/2
(d)  – 130, – 2    2, 130 
b
28. If ax2 +  c for all positive x, where a, b > 0, then
2 x
21. The triangle formed by the tangent to the parabola y = x at
the point with abscissa x1, the y-axis and the straight line (a) 27 ab2  4c3 (b) 27 ab2 < 4 c3
y = x12 has the greatest area where x1  [1, 3]. Then x1
(c) 4 ab2  27c3 (d) none of these
equals:
(a) 3 (b) 2 b
29. If ax +  c for all positive x, where a, b, c > 0, then
x
(c) 1 (d) none
22. The least area of a circle circumscribing any right triangle c2 c2
of area S is : (a) ab < (b) ab 
4 4
(a) S (b) 2S
c
(c) 2 S (d) 4S (c) ab  (d) none of these
4
23. The largest area of a rectangle which has one side on the
30. If P (x) = a0 + a1x2 + a2x4 + .... + anx2n be a polynomial in
2
x-axis and the two vertices on the curve y = e–x is x R with 0 < a1 < a2 <... < an, then P(x) has
(a) no point of minima
(a) 2 e –1/2 (b) 2 e–1/2
(b) only one point of minima
–1/2
(c) e (d) none (c) only two points of minima
2
24. A tangent to the curve y = 1 – x is drawn so that the (d) none of these
abscissa x0 of the point of tangency belongs to the interval
31. If (x – a)2n (x –b)2m +1 , where m and n are positive integers
[0, 1]. The tangent at x0 meets the x-axis and y-axis at
and a > b, is the derivative of a function f, then
A & B respectively. The minimum area of the triangle OAB,
where O is the origin is (a) x = a gives neither a maximum nor a minimum
(b) x = a gives a maximum
2 3 4 3 (c) x = b gives neither a maximum nor a minimum
(a) (b)
9 9
(d) none of these
32. Let (h, k) be a fixed point, where h > 0, k > 0. A straight line
2 2
(c) (d) none passing through this point cuts the positive direction of
9
the coordinate axes at the points P and Q. The minimum
25. The minimum value of a tan2 x + b cot2 x equals the maximum area of the  OPQ, O being the origin, is
value of a sin2  + b cos2  where a > b > 0, when (a) 2 kh (b) kh
(a) a = b (b) a = 2b (c) 4kh (d) none of these
(c) a = 3b (d) a = 4b
 40 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

33. A function f such that f ´(a) = f ´´(a) = ... f 2n (a) = 0 and f has 40. Let f (x) = cos 2x + x – [x] ([.] denotes the greatest integer
a local maximum value b at x = a, if f (x) is function). Then number of points in [0, 10] at which f (x)
(a) (x – a)2n+2 (b) b –1 –(x +1 –a)2n+1 assumes its local maximum value, is

(c) b – (x – a)2n+2 (d) (x–a)2n+2 – b. (a) 0 (b) 10

(c) 9 (d) infinite
2
34. For a function y = f(x), f dy  0 and d y  0 at a point x =a, 41. If x and y are real numbers satisfying the relation
dx dx 2 x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 24 = 0 then minimum value of
then f (x) = log2 (x2+y2) is
(a) y must be maximum at x = a (a) 1 (b) 2
(b) y must be minimum at x = a (c) 3 (d) 4
3 2
(c) y may not have a maximum or minimum at x = a 42. If f (x) = 2x – 3 (a + 1) x + 6ax – 12 has local maximum at x1
(d) it is a constant function and local minimum at x2 and if 2x1 = x2 then value of a can
be:
35. The sum of the legs of a right triangle is 9cm. When the
triangle rotates about one of the legs, a cone results which 1
has the maximum volume. Then : (a) 1 (b)
2
(a) slant height of such a cone is 3 5 (c) – 1 (d) 2
(b) maximum volume of the cone is 32  43. Let f (x) be defined as
(c) curved surface of the cone is 18 5 
tan 1   5x 2 , 0  x  1
(d) semi vertical angle of cone is tan –1 f (x )  
2  6x, x 1

36. Moving along the x-axis there are two points with
x = 10 + 6t, x = 3 + t2. The speed with which they are moving f (x) can have a local maximum at x = 1 if value of  is
away from each other at the time of encounter is (a) 0 (b) – 1
(x is in cm and t is seconds) (c) – tan 1 (d) – 2
(a) 16 cm/s (b) 20 cm/s 44. A truck is to be driven 300 km on a highway at a constant
(c) 8 cm/s (d) 12 cm/s speed of x kmph. Speed rules of the highway required that
30 x  60. The fuel costs Rs. 10 per litre and is consumed
2 2
37. Least value of the function f (x) = 2 x –1 + x2
is : x2
2 1 at the rate of 2  liters per hour. The wages of the
600
(a) 0 (b) 3/2 driver are Rs. 200 per hour. The most economical speed to
(c) 2/3 (d) 1 drive the truck, in kmph, is
38. The set of values of ‘a’ for which the function (a) 30 (b) 60

ax 3 (c) 30 3.3 (d) 20 3.3

f (x) = + (a +2) x2 + (a –1) x + 2 possess a negative point
3
of inflection. 2x
45. The curve y  has
1 x2
(a) (–, –2) (0, ) (b) {–4/5}
(c) (–2, 0) (d) empty set (a) exactly three points of inflection separated by a point
of maximum and a point of minimum
39. Number of solution (s) satisfying the equation,
(b) exactly two points of inflection with a point of maximum
3x2 – 2x3 = log2 (x2 + 1) – log2 x is : lying between them
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) exactly two points of inflection with a point of minimum
(c) 3 (d) none lying between them
(d) exactly three points of inflection separated by two
points of maximum
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 41

46. Slope of tangent to the curve 52. Let g´ (x) > 0 and f ’ (x) < 0,  x R, then
(a) g ( f (x +1)) > g ( f (x – 1))
 x  x
y = 2e sin    cos   , where 0  x  2is
x
(b) f (g (x–1)) > f (g (x + 1))
4 2 4 2
minimum at x = (c) g (f (x +1)) < g ( f (x – 1))

(a) 0 (b)  (d) g (g (x + 1)) < g (g (x – 1))

(c) 2 (d) none of these 53. If f (x) = x3 – x2 + 100x + 1001, then

47. If the angle made by the tangent drawn at any point (a) f (2000) > f (2001)
(x, y) of a curve with positive x–axis is tan–1 (x2 – 2x),
 1   1 
 x R, then number of critical points of the curve is (b) f   f  
 1999   2000 
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) f (x + 1) > f (x – 1)
(c) 2 (d) none of these
(d) f (3x – 5) > f (3x)
48. The total number of values of x, where
54. An extremum of the function,
f (x) = 2–|x| (cos x + cos 3 x) attains its maximum value is
(a) 1 (b) 2 2x 1
f (x)  cos (x +3) + 2 sin (x + 3) 0 < x < 4
 
(c) 4 (d) None
occurs at :
 x 3 + x 2 +3x +sin x  3+sin1/x  , x  0 (a) x = 1 (b) x = 2
49. Let f (x) =  then
 0 , x0 (c) x = 3 (d) x = 

number of points (where f (x) attains its minimum value) is x  

55. If f (x) = , x   0, , then
(a) 1 (b) 2 1  x tan x  2
(c) 3 (d) infinite many (a) f (x) has exactly one point of minimum
(b) f (x) has exactly one point of maximum
50. The set of all values of the parameters a for which the
points of local minimum of the function y = 1 + a2 x – x3  
(c) f (x) is increasing in  0, 
 2
x2  x  2
satisfy the inequality  0 is
x 2  5x  6 (d) maximum occurs at x0 where x0 = cosx0
56. Let f (x) = (x – 1)4 (x – 2)n, n N. then f (x) has
(a) an empty set (a) local minimum at x = 2 if n is even
(b) local minimum at x = 1 if n is odd

(b) 3 3 , 2 3  (c) local maximum at x = 1 if n is odd
(d) local minimum at x = 1 if n is even

(c) 2 3 ,3 3 
f  1 2
57. Let g(x) =  x (x – 1) – f (0) (x 2 – 1)
2
  
(d) 3 3 , 2 3  2 3 ,3 3 
f 1 2
More than One correct Answer Type  x (x + 1) – f  (0) x (x – 1) (x + 1) where
2
2x  1 f is a thrice differentiable function. Then the correct
51. The function y = (x 2) with codomain = R – {2}
x2 statements are
(a) is its own inverse (a) there exists x  (–1, 0) such that f (x) = g (x)
(b) decreases at all values of x in the domain (b) there exists x  (0, 1) such that f (x) = g (x)
(c) has a graph entirely above x–axis (c) there exists x  (–1, 1) such that f (x) = g (x)
(d) is bound for all x. (d) there exists x  (–1, 1) such that f (x) = 3f (1) – 3f (–1) – 6f (0)
 42 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

58. If f (x) is a differentiable function and  (x) is twice Assertion Reason Type Questions
differentiable function and  and  are roots of the equation 62. Assertion : If g (x) is a differentiable function g(1) 0,
f (x) = 0 and  (x) = 0 respectively, then which of the g (–1)  0 and Rolles theorem is not applicable to
following statement is true ? ().
x2 1
(a) there exists exactly one root of the equation f (x)  in [–1, 1], then g(x) has atleast one root
g(x)
 (x). f (x) + (x). f (x) = 0 and ()
(b) there exists at least one root of the equation in (–1, 1)
 (x). f (x) + (x). f (x) = 0 and () Reason : If f (a) = f (b), then Rolles theorem is applicable
(c) there exists odd number of roots of the equation for x (a, b)
 (x). f (x) + (x). f (x) = 0 and () (a) A (b) B
(d) None of these (c) C (d) D
59. The diagram shows the graph of the derivative of a function 63. Assertion : The equation 3x2 + 4ax + b = 0 has at least one
f (x) for 0 < x < 4 with f (0) = 0. Which of the following could root in (0, 1), if 3 + 4a = 0.
be correct statements for y = f (x) ? Reason : f (x) = 3x2 + 4ax + b is continuous and differentiable
in the interval (0, 1).
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
64. Assertion : The greatest of the numbers
1, 21/2, 31/3, 41/4, 51/5, 61/6, 71/7 is 31/3.
(a) Tangent line to y = f (x) at x = 0 makes an angle of Reason : x1/x is increasing for x < e and decreasing for
sec–1 5 with the x-axis. x > e.

(b) f is strictly increasing in (0, 3) (a) A (b) B

(c) x = 1 is both an inflection point as well as point of local (c) C (d) D

extremum. 65. Assertion : Let f : [0, )[0, ) and g : [0, )[0, ) be
(d) Number of critical point on y = f (x) is two. non-increasing and non-decreasing functions respectively
and h (x) = g ( f (x)). If f and g are differentiable for all points
60. If f : [–1, 1]  R is a continuously differentiable function
in their respective domains and h (0) = 0 then h (x) is
such that f (1) > f (–1) and | f (y)| < 1 for all y  [–1, 1] then
constant function.
(a) there exists an x  [–1, 1] such that f (x) > 0
Reason : g (x) [0, ) h (x) 0 and h´ (x) 0.
(b) there exists an x  [–1, 1] such that f (x) < 0
(a) A (b) B
(c) f (1) < f (–1) + 2
(c) C (d) D
(d) f (–1) . f (1) < 0
66. Assertion : If f (x) is increasing function with concavity
61. In a triangle ABC
upwards, then concavity of f –1 (x) is also upwards.

3 3 Reason : If f (x) is decreasing function with concavity

(a) sin A sin B sin C 
8 upwards, then concavity of f –1 (x) is also upwards.
(a) A (b) B
9
(b) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C  (c) C (d) D
4
67. Assertion : Let f (x) = 5 – 4 (x – 2)2/3, then at x = 2 the
(c) sin A sin B sin C is always positive function f (x) attains neither least value nor greatest value.
(d) sin2 A + sin2 B = 1 + cos C Reason : x = 2 is the only critical point of f (x).
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 43

68. Assertion : The largest term in the sequence 73. Absolute difference between local maximum and local
minimum values of f (x) in terms of  is
n2 ( 400) 2 / 3
an  , n  N is .
n 3  200 600 4 1
3
2 1
3

(a)     (b)    
9  9 
x2
Reason : f ( x )  3
, x  0, then at x = (400)1/3,
x  200 3
 1
f (x) is maximum. (c)     (d) independent of 
 
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D 74. Least possible value of the absolute difference between
local maximum and local minimum values of f (x) is
69. Assertion : for any triangle ABC
32 16
 A  B  C  sin A  sin B  sin C (a) (b)
sin   9 9
 3  3
8 1
Reason : y = sin x is concave downward for x (0, ]. (c) (d)
9 9
(a) A (b) B
Using the following passage, solve Q.75 to Q.77
(c) C (d) D
Passage
70. Assertion : Among all the rectangles of given perimeter,
the square has the largest area. Also among all the

rectangles of given area, the square has the least perimeter. Let f ´ (sin x) < 0 and f ´´(sin x) > 0  x   0, 
 2
Reason : For x > 0, y > 0, if x + y = const, then xy will be
maximum for y = x and if xy = const, then x + y will be Now consider a function g (x) = f (sin x) + f (cos x)
minimum for y = x. 75. g (x) decreases if x belongs to
(a) A (b) B
   
(c) C (d) D (a)  0,  (b)  , 
 4 4 2
71. Assertion : The minimum distance of the fixed point
1  
(0, y0), where 0  y 0  , from the curve y = x2 is y0. (c)  ,  (d) none of these
2 6 3
Reason : Maxima and minima of a function is always a root 76. g (x) increase if x belongs to
of the equation f ´ (x) = 0.
(a) A (b) B    
(a)  0,  (b)  , 
 4 4 2
(c) C (d) D
Paragraph Type Questions    
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
Using the following passage, solve Q.72 to Q.74 8 3 6 3
Passage
77. The set of critical points of g (x) is
 1 
Consider a function f ( x )      x  (4 – 3x2) where     
   (a)  ,  (b)  , , 
8 6  8 6 3
‘’ is a positive parameter
72. Number of points of extrema of f (x) for a given value of    
(c)  , ,  (d) none of these
is 8 6 4
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
 44 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Using the following passage, solve Q.78 to Q.80 82. Which of the following is/are true for the function y=g(x)?
Passage (a) g (x) monotonically decreases in
2 2
Consider the function f (x) = max {x , (1 – x) , 2x (1 – x)}
 1   1 
where 0  x  1.  , 2   and  2  , 
 3  3 
78. The interval in which f (x) is increasing is
(b) g (x) monotonically increases in
1 2 1 1
(a)  ,  (b)  ,   1 1 
3 3 3 2
2 , 2 
 3 3
1 1 1 2 1 1 2 
(c)  ,    ,  (d)  ,    ,1 (c) There exists exactly one tangent to y = g(x) which is
3 2 2 3 3 2 3  parallel to the chord joining the points (1, g (1)) and
79. The interval in which f (x) is decreasing is (3, g(3))
(d) There exists exactly two distinct Lagrange’s Mean Value
1 2 1 1 in (0, 4) for the function y = g(x).
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
3 3 3 2
83. Which one of the following does not hold good for
y = h(x) ?
 1 1 2  1 2 
(c)  0,    ,  (d)  0,    , 1 (a) Exactly one critical point
 3  2 3  2 3 
(b) No point of inflection
80. Let RMVT is applicable for f (x) on (a, b) then a + b + c is
(c) Exactly one real zero in (0, 3)
(where c is point such that f ´ (c) = 0)
(d) Exactly one tangent parallel to x-axis
2 1 Match the Column
(a) (b)
3 3 84. Column - I Column - II

1 3 (A) The equation x log x = 3 – x has (P) (0, 1)

(c) (d) at least one root in
2 2
Using the following passage, solve Q.81 to Q.83 (B) If 27a + 9b + 3c + d = 0, then the (Q) (1, 3)
3 2
Passage equation 4ax + 3bx + 2cx + d = 0

Consider f, g and h be three real valued differentiable has at least one root in
functions defined on R. 1
(C) If c  3 & f (x) = x  then (R) (0, 3)
3 2
Let g (x) = x + g”(1) x + (3g’(1) – g”(1) – 1) x + 3g’ (1), x
f (x) = x g (x) – 12x + 1 and f (x) = (h (x))2 where h (0) = 1. interval of x in which LMVT
81. The function y = f(x) has is applicable for f (x), is
(a) Exactly one local minima and no local maxima 1 2
(D) If c  & f (x) = 2x – x , then (S) (–1, 1)
(b) Exactly one local maxima and no local minima 2
(c) Exactly one local maxima and two local minima interval of x in which LMVT is
(d) Exactly two local maxima and one local minima applicable for f (x), is
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 45

85. Column - I Column - II (D) The number of non-zero integral (S) 1/2
(A) If x is real, then the greatest and (P) 3 values of ‘a’ for which the function
least value of the expression
4 3 3x 2
f (x) = x + ax + +1 is concave
x2 2
is
2x 2  3x  6 upward along the entire real line is

1 (T) 2
(B) If a + b = 1; a > 0, b > 0, then the (Q)
3 Subjective Type Questions

minimum value of 87. If f (x) is a twice differentiable function such that

f (a) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c) = –1, f (d) = 2, f (e) = 0, where
 1 1 a < b < c < d <e, find the minimum number of zeroes of
1   1   is
 a b g (x) = (f ´ (x))2 + f ´´(x) f (x) in the interval [a, e].
88. From a given solid cone of height ‘H’, another inverted
(C) The maximum value attained by (R) 5
cone is carved such that its volume is maximum. Then find
y = 10 – |x–10|, – 1 x  3, is the ratio of height of the cone and height of the
1 inscribed cone.
(D) If P (t2, 2t), t [0, 2] is an (S) 
13 89. If  is an integer satisfying || 5 – | [x] |, where x is a real
number for which 2x tan–1 x is greater than or equal to
arbitrary point on parabola y2=4x.
ln (1 + x2), then find the number of maximum possible values
Q is foot of perpendicular from of . (where [ . ] represents the greatest integer function)
focus S on the tangent at P, then 90. The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P and Q. Another
maximum area of triangle PQS is circle with centre at Q and variable radius intersects the
86. Column - I Column - II first circle at R above the x-axis and the line segment PQ at

(A) The dimensions of the rectangle (P) 6 S. If A is the maximum area of the triangle QSR then 3 3
of perimeter 36 cm, which sweeps A is equal to _____.

out the largest volume when 1

91. A cylinderical vessel of volume 25 cu metres, open at
revolved about one of its sides, are 7
(B) Let A (–1, 2) and B (2, 3) be two (Q) 12 the top is to be manufactured from a sheet of metal. (The
value of  is taken as 22/7). If r and h are the radius and
fixed points, A point P lying on
height of the vessel so that amount of metal is used in the
y = x such that perimeter of least possible then rh is equal to
triangle PAB is minimum, then
92. If k is a positive integer, such that
sum of the abscissa and ordinate
of point P, is 7
(C) If x1 and x2 are abscissae of two (R) 4 (i) cos2 x sin x   , for all x
2 k
points on the curve f (x) = x – x
in the interval [0, 1], then maximum 7
value of expression (ii) cos2 x sin x   for some x, then k must be equal
k 1
(x1+x2) – ( x12  x 22 ) is to
 46 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Question I [Only one correct option] (c) increasing on (0, e), decreasing on (e, )
1. If p, q, r are any real numbers, then (1982) (d) decreasing on (0, e), increasing on (e, )
(a) max (p, q) < max (p, q, r) 8. The slope of tangent to a curve y = f (x) at [x, f (x)] is 2x + 1. If the
curve passes through the point (1, 2), then the area bounded
1 by the curve, the x–axis and the line x = 1, is
(b) min (p, q) = {p + q – |p – q|}
2 (1995)
(c) max (p, q) < min (p, q, r) (a) 5/6 (b) 6/5
(d) None of the above (c) 1/6 (d) 6
2. If y = a log |x| + bx2 + x has its extremum values at 9. On the inverval [0, 1] the function x25 (1 – x)75 takes its
x = –1 and x = 2, then (1983) maximum value at the point. (1995)
(a) a = 2, b = –1 (b) a = 2, b = –1/2 (a) 0 (b) 1/4
(c) a = –2, b = 1/2 (d) None of these (c) 1/2 (d) 1/3
3. The normal to the curve x = a (cos  +  sin ),
y = a (sin –cos ) at any point ‘’ is such that (1983) x x
10. If f (x) = and g(x) = , where 0 < x < 1, then in
sin x tan x
(a) it makes a constant angle with the x–axis
this interval : (1997)
(b) it passes through the origin
(a) both f (x) and g(x) are increasing functions
(c) it is at a constant distance from the origin
(b) both f (x) and g(x) are decreasing functions
(d) None of the above
(c) f (x) is an increasing function
4. If a + b + c = 0, then the quadratic equation 3ax2 + 2bx + c
= 0 has (1983) (d) g (x) is an increasing function

(a) at least one root in (0, 1) 11. The number of values of x, where the function

(b) one root in (2, 3) and the other in (–2, –1) f (x) = cos x +cos  
2x attains its maximum, is
(c) imaginary roots
(1998)
(d) None of the above
(a) 0 (b) 1
5. Let P(x) = a0 + a1x2 + a2x4 + .... + anx2n be a polynomial in a
(c) 2 (d) infinite
real variable x with 0 < a0 < a1 < a2 < ... < an. The function P
(x) has (1986) x 2 1
12. If f (x) = , for every real number x, then the minimum
(a) neither a maxima nor a minima x 2 1
(b) only one maxima value of f (1998)
(c) only one minima (a) does not exist because f is unbounded.
(d) only one maxima and only one minima (b) is not attained even though f is bounded
6. Let f and g be increasing and decreasing functions (c) is equal to 1 (d) is equal to –1
respectively from [0, ) to [0,). Let h (x) = f (g(x)). If
13. The function f (x) = sin x + cos4 x increases, if
4
(1999)
h (0) = 0, then h (x) – h (1) is (1987)
(a) always negative (b) always positive   3
(a) 0  x  (b) x
(c) strictly increasing (d) None of these 8 4 8

l og    x  3 5 5 3
(c) x (d) x
7. The function f (x) = l og e  x is (1995) 8 8 8 4
 
14. For all x  (0, 1) (2000)
(a) increasing on (0, ) x
(a) e < 1 + x (b) loge (1 + x) < x
(b) decreasing on (0, )
(c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 47

22. The equation of the common tangent to the curves

15. Let f (x) =
 e x  x 1 x  2  dx. Then f decreases in the y2 = 8x and xy = –1 is
(a) 3y = 9x + 2
(2002)
(b) y = 2x + 1
interval (2000)
(c) 2y = x + 8 (d) y = x + 2
(a)  (b) 
23. If f (x) = x + 2bx + 2c and g (x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 such that min
2 2
(c) (1, 2) (d)  f (x) > max g (x), then the relation between
b and c, is – (2003)
| x |, for 0 | x | 2
16. Let f (x) =  Then, at x = 0, f has
 1 , for x 0 (a) no real value of b & c (b) 0  c  b 2
(2000)
(c) c  b 2 (d) c  b 2
(a) a local maximum (b) no local maximum
24. If f (x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d and 0 < b2 < c, then in 
(c) a local minimum (d) no extremum
(2004)
17. If the normal to the curve, y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes
an angle 3/4 with the positive x–axis, (a) f (x) is strictly increasing function
then f ´ (3) is equal to (2000) (b) f (x) has a local maxima
(a) –1 (b) –3/4 (c) f (x) is strictly decreasing function
(c) 4/3 (d) 1 (d) f (x) is bounded.
18. If f (x) = xex (1–x), then f (x) is (2001) 25. If f (x) is differentiable and strictly increasing function,

 1 
(a) increasing in   ,1
 
f x 2  f (x)
(b) decreasing in R then the value of lxim is (2004)
 2  0 f (x)  f (0)

 1  (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) increasing in R (d) decreasing in   ,1 (c) –1 (d) 2
 2 
19. The maximum value of (cos 1) . (cos 2) ..... (cos n), under 26. Tangents are drawn to the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 2, then the
locus of the mid point of the intercept made by the tangents
 between the coordinate axes is (2004)
the restrictions 0 < 1, 2, .... n < and
2
1 1 1 1
(cot 1) . (cot 2) ..... (cot n) = 1 is (2001) (a)  1 (b)  1
2x 2 4y 2 4x 2 2y 2
1 1
(a) n/ 2 (b)
2 2n x2 y2 x2 y2
(c)  1 (d)  1
1 2 4 4 2
(c) (d) 
2n 27. The angle between the tangents drawn from the point
(1, 4) to the parabola y2 = 4x is (2004)
20. The length of a longest interval in which the function
3sin x – 4 sin3 x is increasing, is (2002) (a) /6 (b) /4
(c) /3 (d) /2
 
(a) (b) 28. The second degree polynomial f (x), satisfying f (0) = 0,
3 2
f (1) = 1, f ´ (x) > 0 for all x (0, 1) : (2005)
3 (a) f (x) = 
(c) (d) 
2 (b) f (x) = ax + (1 – a) x2;  a  (0, )
3 2
21. The point(s) on the curve y + 3x = 12 y where the tangent
(c) f (x) = ax + (1 – a) x2; a  (0, 2)
is vertical, is (are) (2002)
(d) No such polynomial
 4   11  29. The tangent at (1, 7) to the curve x2 = y – 6 touches the circle
(a)   , 2  (b)   3 , 0 
 3    x2 + y2 + 16x +12y + c = 0 at (2005)
(a) (6, 7) (b) (–6, 7)
 4  (c) (6, –7) (d) (–6, –7)
(c) (0, 0) (d)   , 2
 3 
 48 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

30. The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec)
36 47
intersects the line joining the points (c – 1, ec – 1) and (a) (b)
(c + 1, ec + 1) (2007) 73 79
(a) on the left of x = c (b) on the right of x = c 78 75
(c) at no point (d) at all points (c) (d)
93 83
   Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
31. Let the function g : (–, )    ,  be given by
 2 2 36. If the line ax + by + c = 0 is a normal to the curve xy = 1,
then (1986)

g (u) = 2 tan–1 (eu) – . Then, g is (2008) (a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0
2
(c) a < 0, b > 0 (d) a < 0, b < 0
(a) even and is strictly increasing in (0, )
(b) odd and is strictly decreasing in (–, ) 3x 2 12x 1, 1 x  2
37. If f (x) =  , then (1993)
(c) odd and is strictly increasing in (–, )  37  x , 2  x  3
(d) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in
(a) f (x) is increasing on [–1, 2]
(–, )
(b) f (x) is continuous on [–1, 3]
32. The total number of local maxima and local minima of the
(c) f (2) does not exist
 (2  x) 3 , 3  x  1
 (d) f (x) has the maximum value at x = 2.
function f (x)   2 is (2008)
 x 3 , 1  x  2 38. Let h (x) = f (x) – (f (x))2 + (f (x))3 for every real number x.
Then (1998)
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) h is increasing whenever f is increasing.
(c) 2 (d) 3
(b) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing.
33. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the
(c) h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing.
2 2
x2  x2 x x
interval [0, 1] by f(x) = e e , g(x)  xe  e and (d) nothing can be said in general

h(x)  x e2 x2
e  x2
. If a, b and c denote respectively, the 39. The function
absolute maximum of f, g and h on [0, 1], then (2010) x
3 5
(a) a = b and c  b (b) a = c and a  b
f x
 t e 1 t 1 t  2  t  3 dt
1
t
has local
(c) a  b and c  b (d) a = b = c minimum at x equals to (1999)
34. The number of points in (), for which (a) 0 (b) 1
x2 – x sin x – cos x = 0, is (2013) (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 6 (b) 4 40. 2 2
On the ellipse 4x + 9y = 1, the point at which the tangents
(c) 2 (d) 0 are parallel to the line 8x = 9y, are (1999)
35. A computer producing factory has only two plants T1
FG 2 , 1IJ FG 2 , 1IJ
and T2. Plant T1 produces 20% and plant T2 produces
80% of the total computers produced. 7% of computers
(a) H 5 5K (b)  H 5 5K
produced in the factory turn out to be defective. It is
known that P (computer turns out to be defective given F 2 1I
(c) GH  , JK
F 2 1I
(d) GH , JK
that it is produced in plant T1) = 10P (computer turns out 5 5 5 5
to be defective given that it is produced in plant T2), where
P(E) denotes the probability of an event E. A computer
produced in the factory is randomly selected and it does
not turn out to be defective. Then the probability that it is
produced in plants T2 is (2016)
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 49

41. If f (x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at 45. A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having
x = –1. If f (2) = 18, f (1) = –1 and f ’ (x) has local minimum at their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into an open
x = 0, then (2006) rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal
(a) the distance between (–1, 2) and (a, f (a)) where x = a is area from all four corners. If the total area of removed
squares is 100, the resulting box has maximum volume.
the point of local minima, is 2 5 . The lengths of the sides of the rectangular sheet are
(b) f (x) is increasing for x  [1, 2 5] (2013)
(a) 24 (b) 32
(c) f (x) has local minima at x = 1
(c) 45 (d) 60
(d) the value of f (0) = 5
46. The function f (x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2| – 2| x|| has a local
 ex , 0  x 1 minimum or a local maximum at x is equal to
 (2013)
42. If f (x)   2  e x 1 , 1  x  2
 x  e, 2  x  3
 2
(a) –2 (b)
3
x
and g(x)   f (t) dt, x [1, 3], then (2006) 2
0
(c) 2 (d)
(a) g (x) has local maxima at x = 1 + loge 2 and local minima 3
at x = e 47. Let a  R and let f : R  R be given by
(b) f (x) has local maxima at x = 1 and local minima at x = 2 f (x) = x5 – 5 x + a.
(c) g (x) has no local minima Then (2014)
(d) f (x) has no local maxima (a) f (x) has three real roots if a > 4
1 (b) f (x) has only one real root if a > 4
43. For the function f (x) = x cos , x  1. (2009)
x (c) f (x) has three real roots if a < – 4
(a) for at least one x in the interval (d) f (x) has three real roots if – 4 < a < 4
[1, ), f (x + 2) – f (x) < 2 48. Let f :  and g :   , be twice differentiable
functions such that f and g are continuous functions
(b) xlim f (x)  1 on . Suppose f (2) = g(2) = 0, f  (2)  0 and g (2)  0. If

then (2016)
(c) for all x in the interval [1, ), f(x + 2) – f(x) > 2
(a) f has a local minimum at x = 2
(d) f’ (x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, )
(b) f has a local maximum at x = 2
44. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval
(c) f (2) = f (2)
x
(0, ), by f (x) = l n x   1  sin t dt . Then which of the (d) f (x) – f (x) = 0 for at least one x 
0
Integer Type Questions
following statement(s) is (are) true ? (2010)
49. The maximum value of the function f (x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48
(a) f ”(x) exists for all x (0, ) on the set A = {x |x2 + 20 < 9x} is .........
(b) f ’(x) exists for all x (0, ) and f ’ is continuous on (0, (2009)
), but not differentiable on (0, )
50. The maximum value of the expression
(c) there exists  > 1 such that |f ’ (x)| < | f(x)| for all
x (, ) 1
(d) there exists > 0 such that |f (x) | + | f ’(x)| from all x sin 2  3sin  cos  5cos 2 is...... (2010)
(0, )
51. Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real numbers)
such that f  (x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010)2 (x – 2011)3
(x – 2012)4, for all x  R. If g is a function defined on R with
values in the interval (0, ) such that f (x) = 1n (g(x)), for all
x  R, then the number of points in R at which g has a local
maximum is ... (2010)
 50 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

52. The number of distinct real roots of Match the Columns

4 3 2
x – 4x + 12x + x – 1 = 0 is .... (2011) Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with
53. Let p (x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a statement in Column II.
local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum at x = 3. If 62. Let the functions defined in Column I have domain
p (1) = 6 and p (3) = 2, then p (0) is (2012) 
54. Let f : R  R be defined as f (x) = |x| + |x2 – 1|. The total Column I Column II
number of points at which f attains either a local maximum (A) x + sin x (p) increasing
or a local minimum is (2012)
(B) sec x (q) decreasing
55. A vertical line passing through the point (h, 0) intersects
(r) neither increasing nor decreasing
x 2 y2 (2008)
the ellipse   1 at the points P and Q. Let the
4 3
Passage Based Problem
tangents to the ellipse at P and Q meet at the point R. If
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
max (h) and
(h) = area of the PQR, 1 = 1/2  h 1 Consider the function f :   defined by
x 2  ax  1
2 = 1/2min (h), then 8 1 – 82 is equal to (2013) f x ; 0 < a < 2. (2008)
 h 1
5 x 2  ax  1

56. The slope of the tangent to the curve (y–x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at 63. Which of the following is true ?
the point (1, 3) is (2014) (a) (2 + a)2 f  (1) + (2 – a)2 f  (–1) = 0
57. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid (b) (2 – a)2 f  (1) – (2 + a)2 f  (–1) = 0
material with the following constraints : It has a fixed
(c) f  (1) f  (–1) = (2 – a)2
inner volume of V mm3, has a 2 mm thick solid wall and is
open at the top. The bottom of the container is a solid (d) f  (1) f  (–1) = – (2 + a)2
circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to 64. Which of the following is true ?
the outer radius of the container.
(a) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) and has a local minimum at x = 1.
If the volume of material used to make the container is
(b) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) and has a local maximum at x = 1.
minimum when the inner radius of the container is 10 mm,
(c) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local
V
then the value of is (2015) maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1.
250 
(d) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local
FILL IN THE BLANKS maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1.
58. The function y = 2x2 – log |x| is monotonically increasing
ex
for values of x(0), satisfying the inequalities... and f  t
monotonically decreasing for values of x satisfying the
inequalities... (1983)
65. Let g (x) =
 0 1 t 2
dt . Which of the following is true ?

(a) g(x) is positive on and negative on 

59. The set of all x for which log (1 + x) < x is equal to...
(b) g(x) is negative on and positive on 
(1987)
(c) g(x) changes sign on both and 
60. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B = /3, then the maximum value of
tan A tan B is..... (1993) (d) g(x) does not change sign 
61. Let C be the curve y3 – 3 xy + 2 = 0. If H is the set of points Paragraph
2 3
on the curve C where the tangent is horizontal & V is the Consider the polynomial f (x) = 1 + 2x + 3x + 4x . Let s be
set of points on the curve C where the tangent is vertical, the sum of all distinct real roots of f (x) and let t = |s|
then H = .... and V = ..... (1994) (2010)
66. The real numbers s lies in the interval

 1   3
(a)   ,0  (b)  11,  
 4   4

 3 1  1
(c)   ,   (d)  0, 
 4 2  4
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 51

67. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, 72. If the function e–x f (x) assumes its minimum in the interval
y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
1
[0, 1] at x  , which of the following is true ? (2013)
3   21 11  4
(a)  ,3  (b)  , 
4   64 16 
1 3
(a) f (x)  f (x), x
 21  4 4
(c) (9, 10) (d)  0, 
 64 
1
68. The function f’ (x) is (b) f (x)  f (x), 0  x 
4
 1  1 
(a) increasing in   t,   and decreasing in  , t 1
 4  4  (c) f (x)  f (x), 0  x 
4
 1  1 
(b) decreasing in   t,   and increasing in  ,t 3
 4  4  (d) f (x)  f (x),  x 1
4
(c) increasing in (–t, t)
Paragraph
(d) decreasing in (–t, t)
Let f(x) = x + loge x – x loge x, x   0,   .
Paragraph Column 1 contains information about zeros of f(x), f’(x) and
Let f (x) = (1–x) sin2 x + x2 for all x R and let
2
f’’(x).
Column 2 contains information about the limiting behavior of
x  2(t  1) 
g(x)     ln t  f (t) dt for all x (1, ) f(x), f’(x) and f’’(s) at infinity.
1
 t  1 
Column 3 contains information about increasing/decreasing
69. Which of the following is true ? (2012) nature of f(x) and f’(x).
(a) g is increasing on (1, ) Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

(b) g is decreasing on (1, ) (I) f(x) = 0 for some (i) lim x  f (x)  0 (P) f is increasing in (0, 1)

(c) g is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (2, ) x  (1, e2 )

(d) g is decreasing on (1, 2) and increasing on (2, )
(II) f’(x) = 0 for some (ii) lim x  f (x)   (Q) f is decreasing in (e, e2)
70. Consider the statements
x  (1, e)
P : There exists some x  R such that
(III) f’(x) = 0 for some (iii) lim x  f '(x)   (R) f’ is increasing in (0, 1)
f (x) + 2x = 2 (1 + x2)
x  (0, 1)
Q : There exists some x R such that
2 f(x) + 1 = 2x (1 + x) (IV) f’’(x)=0 for some (iv) limx  f ''(x)  0 (S) f’ is decreasing in (e, e2)

Then, (2012) x  (1, e)

(a) Both P and Q are true (b) P is true and Q is false (2017)
(c) P is false and Q is true (d) Both P and Q are false 73. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT
Paragraph combination ?
Let f : [0, 1]  R (the set of all real numbers) be a function. (a) (I) (ii) (R) (b) (IV) (i) (S)
Suppose the function f is twice differentiable, f (0) = f(1)=0 (c) (III) (iv) (P) (d) (II) (iii) (S)
and satisfies f’’ (x) – 2f’ (x) + f(x)  ex, x [0, 1].
74. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT
71. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ? (2013)
combination ?
1 1 (a) (I) (i) (P) (b) (II) (ii) (Q)
(a) 0 < f(x) <  (b)   f (x) 
2 2 (c) (III) (iii) (R) (d) (IV) (iv) (S)
1
(c)   f (x)  1 (d) –  < f(x) < 0
4
 52 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

75. Which of the following options is the only INCORRECT 86. Find the point on the curve 4x2 + a2y2 = 4a2, 4 < a2 < 8 that
combination ? is farthest from the point (0, –2). (1987)
(a) (II) (iii) (P) (b) (I) (iii) (P) 87. A point P is given on the circumference of a circle of radius
r. Chord QR is parallel to the tangent at P. Determine the
(c) (III) (i) (R) (d) (II) (iv) (Q)
maximum possible area of the triangle PQR. (1990)
True/False
88. Show that
76. For 0 < a < x, the minimum value of function
loga x + logx a is 2. (1984) 
2 sin x + 2 tan x  3x, where 0 x < . (1990)
2
Analytical and Descriptive Questions
89. A window of fixed perimeter (including the base of the
77. Let x and y be two real variables such that x > 0 and
arch) is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-
xy = 1. Find the minimum value of x + y. (1981)
circle. The semi-circular portion is fitted with coloured glass
78. If ax2 + b / x > c for all positive x where a > 0 and while the rectangular part is fitted with clear glass. The
b > 0, show that 27ab2 > 4c3. (1982) clear glass transmits three times as much light per square
79. If f (x) and g(x) are differentiable function for 0 < x < 1 such meter as the coloured glass does.
that f (0) = 2, g (0) = 0, f (1) = 6, g (1) = 2. What is the ratio for the sides of the rectangle so that the
Then show that there exists c satisfying 0 < c < 1 and window transmits the maximum light ? (1991)
f  (c) = 2g (c). (1982) 90. Three normals are drawn from the point (c, 0) to the curve
80. Show that
1
y2 = x. Show that c must be greater than . One normal is
1 + x log ( x  x 2  1 )  1  x 2 for all x 0. (1983) 2
always the x–axis. Find c for which the other two normals
81. A swimmer S is in the sea at a distance d km from the are perpendicular to each other. (1991)
closest point A on a straight shore. The house of the
91. What normal to the curve y = x2 forms the shortest chord?
swimmer is on the shore at a distance L km from A. He can
swim at a speed of u km/h and walk at a speed of (1992)
v km/h (v > u). At what point on the shore should he land 92. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
so that he reaches his house in the shortest possible time? y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2 x) at x = 0 (1993)
(1983) 93. Tangent at a point P1 {other than (0, 0)} on the curve
x y = x3 meets the curve again at P2. The tangent at P2 meets
82. Find the coordinates of the point on the curve y = , the curve at P3, and so on. Show that the abscissae of
1 x 2
P1, P2, P3 ......, Pn, form a GP. Also find the ratio
where the tangent to the curve has the greatest slope.
[area P1P2P3)]/[area (P2P3P4)] (1993)
(1984)
 3 (b 3  b 2  b  1)
   x  , 0  x 1
83. 3 2
Let f (x) = sin x +  sin x,   x  . Find the intervals in 94. Let f ( x )   (b 2  3b  2)
 2  2 x  3, 1 x  3

which  should lie in the order that f (x) has exactly one
minima and exactly one maxima. (1985) Find all possible real values of b such that f (x) has the
84. Find all the tangents to the curve y = cos (x + y), smallest value at x = 1. (1993)
– 2 x  2, that are parallel to the line x + 2y = 0. 95. The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x–axis at P and Q. Another
(1985) circle with centre at Q and variable radius intersects the
2 2 2
first circle at R above the x–axis and the line segment PQ at
85. Let A (p , – p) B (q , q), C (r , – r) be the vertices of the
S. Find the maximum area of the triangle QSR.
triangle ABC. A parallelogram AFDE is drawn with vertices
D, E and F on the line segments. BC, CA and AB (1994)
respectively. Using calculus, show that maximum area of
1
such a parallelogram is (p + q) (q + r) (p – r) (1986)
4
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 53

96. The curve y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + 5, touches the x–axis at 104. For the circle x2 + y2 = r2 , find the value of r for which the
P (–2, 0) and cuts the y – axis at a point Q, where its area enclosed by the tangents drawn from the point
gradient is 3. Find a, b, c. (1994) P (6, 8) to the circle and the chord of contact is maximum.
97. Let (h, k) be a fixed point, where h > 0, k > 0. A straight line (2003)
passing through this point cuts the positive directions of
dP  x 
the coordinate axes at the points P and Q. Find the minimum 105. If P (1) = 0 and > P (x) for all x > 1, then prove that
area of the triangle OPQ, O being the origin. dx
P (x) > 0 for all x > 1. (2003)
(1995)
106. Using the relation 2 (1 – cos x) < x2, x 0 or otherwise,
98. Determine the points of maxima and minima of the function
1 prove that sin (tan x)  x,  x  0,  . (2003)
f ( x)  ln x – bx + x2, x > 0 where b 0 is a constant.  4
8  
(1996)
3x .  x  1  
107. Prove that sin x + 2x >  x  0, .
 xe , ax
x0   2 
99. Let f ( x )   2 3
x  ax  x , x  0 (Justify the inequality, if any used). (2004)
2
where a is a positive constant. Find the interval in which 108. If | f (x1) – f (x2)| < (x1 – x2) , for all x1, x2  R. Find the equation
f´ (x) is increasing. (1996) of tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the point
(1, 2). (2005)
100. Suppose, f (x) is a function satisfying the following
conditions 109. If f (x) is twice differentiable function such that
f (a) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c) = –1, f (d) = 2, f (e) = 0, where
(a) f (0) = 2, f (1) = 1
a < b < c < d <e, then the minimum number of zeroes of
5 g (x) = { f ´ (x)}2 + f ´´(x) . f (x) in the interval [a, e] is ?
(b) has a minimum value at x = and
2 (2006)
110. For all  in [0, /2], show that cos (sin ) sin (cos ).
2ax 2ax  1 2ax  b  1
Assertion Type Question
(c) x, f ´(x )  b b 1 1
111. (a) For all x  (0,1) : (2000)
2 (ax  b) 2ax  2b  1 2ax  b
x
(a) e < 1 + x (b) loge (1+x) < x
where, a, b are some constants. Determine the constant a, (c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x
b and the function f (x). (1998)
(b) Consider the folloiwng statement S and R :
101. Let – 1 < p < 1. Show that the equation 4x3 – 3x – p = 0 has
S : Both sin x & cos x are decreasing functions in the
1  interval (/2, ).
a unique root in the interval  , 1 and identify it.
2  R : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval
(2001) (a, b), then its derivative also decreases in (a, b).
102. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the Which of the following is true ?
point (8, 2) and cuts the positive coordinate axes at points (a) both S and R are wrong
P and Q. Find the absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, as (b) both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct
L varies, where O is the origin. (2002) explanation for S.
103. Find a point on the curve x2 + 2y2 = 6 whose distance from (c) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S
the line x + y = 7, is minimum. (2003)
(d) S is correct and R is wrong.
 54 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (a,b,c,d) 52. (a,b) 53. (b,c) 54. (c) 55. (d) 56. (b,c) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (b,c) 60. (a,d)
61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (a) 64. (a,b,c) 65. (b,c) 66. (a,b,d) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (b) 70. (a)
71. (b) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (c) 76. (c) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (c)
81. (d) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (c) 85. (b, d) 86. (a) 87. (a) 88. (b) 89. (a) 90. (a)

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (a,c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (c)
51. (d) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (b)

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE–I
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (a,b,c) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (a) 43. (a,c) 44. (a,b,c) 45. (a,b,c,d) 46. (a,b,c,d) 47. (b, c) 48. (a,b) 49. (a,c,d) 50. (b,c)
51. (a,d) 52. (a, c) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (c)
61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (A)–(R), (B)–(Q), (C)–(P), (D)–(S)
67. (A)–(Q), (B)–(R), (C)–(P), (D)–(S) 68. 0025 69. 0016 70. 0002
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE–II
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a,c) 15. (b,c) 16. (a, b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a,c) 36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (b,d) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (d)
51. (a,b) 52. (b,c) 53. (b,c) 54. (a,c) 55. (b,d) 56. (a,c,d) 57. (a, b, c, d) 58. (b) 59. (a, b, d)
60. (a,c) 61. (a,b,c) 62. (c) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (d) 67. (d) 68. (d) 69. (a)
70. (a) 71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (b) 77. (d) 78. (d) 79. (c)
80. (d) 81. (c) 82. (d) 83. (c)
84. (A)–(Q,R), (B)–(R), (C)–(Q), (D)–(P) 85. (A)–(Q), (S), (B)–(P), (C)–(P), (D)–(R) 86. (A)–(P, Q), (B)–(R), (C)–(S), (D)–(T)
87. 6 88. 3:1 89. 0011 90. 4 91. 4 92. 0018
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 55

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (b, c) 37. (a,b,c,d) 38. (a, c) 39. (b, d) 40. (b, d)
41. (b, c) 42. (a, b) 43. (b,c,d) 44. (b, c) 45. (a,c) 46. (a,b) 47. (b,d) 48. (a,d) 49. 7 50. 2
51. 9 52. 1 53. 2 54. 9 55. 5 56. (8) 57. (4) 58. 9

 1  1   1  1 1
59. x    ,0    ,  , x    ,     0,  60. x > –1 61. 62. H = , V = {1, 1}.
 2  2   2  2 3
63. (A  p; B  r) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (b) 70. (c) 71. (d)
ud
72. (c) 73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (c) 76. False 77. 2 81. 82. x = 0, y = 0
v  u2
2

    3 3 3 2 3
83.     -{0} 84. x  2y  2 and x  2y   2 86. (0, 2) 87. r sq.unit 89. 6 : 6 +  90. c 
   4 4

4 3
91. 2x  2y  2  0, 2x  2y  2  0 92. y + x – 1 = 0 93. 1 : 16 94. b  (–2, –1)  [1, ] 95.
9

1 3
96. a   ,b   ,c  3 97. 2h k 98. Maxima at x 
b  b 2 1  and minima at x = 1  b  b 2 1 
2 4 4 4

 2 a 1 5 1 2 5 1 
99.   ,  100. a  , b   ; f  x   x  x  2 101. cos  cos 1 p  102. 18 103. (2, 1)
 a 3 4 4 4 4 3 
104. 5 unit 108. y – 2 = 0 109. 6 111. a – b; b – d

Dream on !!
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