Human Development: Meaning.

Concepts and Approaches

Why do we need to understand Development?

First to understand the mechanism that producecs human behavior, second to
understand our nature and to understand outselves
Are we products of environment? Or are we a reflection of our genes?
The study of development is very important for the parents

Development? Predictable changes change of time

2 approaches of human development

1.Life span
- development is lifelong
-development is plastic
-development is multidimensional
Cognitive biological socio-emotional
-development is relatively orderly
- proximodistal,cephalocaudal
-development takes place gradually
-development is contextual
-development involves growth, maintenance and regulation
-

2. Traditional
-extensive changes from birth to adolescence
-little or no change in adulthood and
-decline in late old age

Concept of Developmental Task

In each stage of development a certain task r tasks are expected of every individual
Havighurst defines developmental task as one that: “arises at a certain period in our life,
the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks
while failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval and difficulty with later task.” –
Robert J. Havighurst

Pre natal Development

Prenatal period (from conception to birth)
Santrock:
It involves tremendous growth-from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and
behavioral capabilities
Germinal – 0-2 weeks , embryonic – 3-8 weeks (midbrain, forebrain, hindbrain) , fetal- 9
weeks-birth

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

INFANCY (From birth – 2 year)
A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many psychological activities are just
beginning, such as language development symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination
and social learning.

EARLY CHILDHOOD (FROM 3 TO 5 YEAR)

These are preschool years. Young children learn to become more self sufficient,
develop school readiness skills (such as learning to follow instructions and identify
letters) and spend many hours with peers. First grade typically marks the end of early
childhood.

MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD (FROM 6 TO 12 YEARS)

Sometimes called the elementary school years. Children master the fundamental
skills of reading, writing and math, achievement becomes a more and central theme and
self-control increases. In this period, children interact more with the wider social world
beyond their family.
ADOLESCENCE (FROM 13 TO 18 YEARS)
Adolescences starts with rapid physical changes, including height and weight
gains and development of sexual functions. Adolescents intensely pursue
independence and seek their own identity. Their thought becomes more abstract,
logical, and idealistic.

EARLY ADULTHOOD (FROM 19 TO 29 YEARS)

It is the time of establishing personal and economic independence, career
development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way,
starting a family and rearing children

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (FROM 30 TO 60 YEARS)

It is the time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of
assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individual and of
reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career

LATE ADULTHOOD (FROM 61 YEARS AND ABOVE)

It is the time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review,
retirement, and adjustment to new social roles

Havighurst’s developmental tasks

INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0-5)
1. Learning to walk.
2. Learning to take solid foods
3. Learning to talk
4. Learning to control the elimination of body waste
5. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
6. Forming concepts and learning language to describe social and physical reality
7. Getting ready to read

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6-12)

1. Learning Physical skills necessary for ordinary games
2. Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as a growing organism
3. Learning to get along with age-mates
4. Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role
 5. Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating
6. Developing concepts necessary for everyday living.
7. Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values
8. Achieving personal independence
9. Developing acceptable attitudes toward social groups and institutions
ADOLESCENE (13-18)
1. Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Accepting one’s physique and using the body effectively
4. Achieving emotional independence of parents and other adults
5. Preparing for marriage and family life preparing for an economic career
6. Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior,
developing an ideology
7. Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

EARLY ADULTHOOD (19-29)

1. Selecting a mate
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Learning to live with a marriage partner
4. Starting a family
5. Rearing children
6. Managing a home
7. Getting started in an occupation
8. Taking on civic responsibility
9. Finding a congenial social group

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (30-60)

1. Achieving adult civic and social responsibility
2. Establishing and maintaining an economic standard of living
3. Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy adults
4. Developing adult leisure-time activities
5. Relating oneself to one’s spouse as a person
6. Accepting and adjusting to the physiological changes of middle age
7. Adjusting to aging parent
Later maturity (61- and over)
1. 1. Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
2. 2. Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
3. 3. Adjusting to death of spouse
4. 4. Establishing relations with one’s own age group
5. 5. Meeting social and civic obligations
6. 6. Establishing satisfactory living quarters
 Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory
Stages of psychosexual development
1. Oral stage (Birth to 18 months – erogenous zone: mouth) – The child is focused on oral
pleasures (sucking) too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an oral fixation or oral
personality.
2. Anal stage (18 months to 3 years, erogenous zone: anus) – the child finds satisfaction
in eliminating and retaining feces
3. Phallic stage (erogenous zone: genitals) – during the preschool age, children become
interested in what makes boys and girls different
4. Latency (Age 6 to puberty, sexual urges are repressed) Oedipus and electra complex.
The children’s focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills: boys relate with
boys, and girls with girls
5. Genital (puberty onwards – sexual urges once again awakened) adolescents focus their
sexual urges towards opposite sex peers, with pleasure centered on the genitals.

Freud’s personality component

1. ID – PLEASURE PRINCIPLES – focuses on immediate gratification and
satisfaction of needs with no consideration or reality
2. EGO – REALITY PRINCIPLE – is aware that others also have needs to be met.
It is practical, it reasons and considers the best response to situations
3. SUPEREGO – MORAL PRINCIPLE – likened to a conscience because it exerts
influence on what one considers right and wrong

Freud’s Three levels of Mind

The conscious mind – All that we are aware of are stored in our conscious mind
The Preconscious mind - The part of us that we can reach if prompter but is not in our
active consicous
The Unconscious mind – Most of what we go through in our lives, emotions, beliefs,
feelings and impulses deep within are not available to us

Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Basic cognitive concepts

 Schema – cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and
organize their environment.
 Assimilation – Process of fitting new experience into an existing schema
 Accommodation – Process of creating new schema.
Equilibrium – achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.
Disequilibrium – discrepancy betwwen what is perceived and what is undertood
 Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 yrs) – object permanence
Preoperational stage (2 to 7 yrs) – Symbolic Function, Egocentrism, centration,
Trasductive Reasoning (Animism, Irreversibility)
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 yrs) – Conservation , Decentering Reversibility,
Seriation
Formal Operational Stages (12 and up) – Hypothetical, analogical, and Deductive
reasoning .. Example. Half empty or half full

Erik erikson’s psychosocial development theory

Stages of Psychosocial Development
Malignancy – negative
Maldaptation - positive
1. Infancy (1 yr) – trust vs mistrust – primary caregivers sense of familiarity , virtue :
hope
2. Early childhood – autonomy vs shame and doubt -
3. Preschool – initiative vs guilt – child becomes aware of his environment,
responsible – virtue: strength of purpose
4. School age – Industry vs inferiority – virtue:compentency
5. Adolescence- identity vs role confusion – who am i? – virtue: fidelity
6. Young adulthood – Intimacy vs isolation- warm and intimate relationship with other
person- virtue: love
7. Middle adulthood – generativity vs stagnation – contribution to family and society –
virtue: caring
8. Maturity – ego integrity vs despair – fulfillment and culmination – virtue- wisdom

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL CONVENTIONAL LEVEL POST CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

(Stages 1 and 2 – birth to (stages 3 and 4 – adolescence (stages 5 and 6 – adulthood)

adolescence) moral judgement and young adulthood) Moral judgements based on
is self-centered. What is right is Moral reasoning is other- personal standards for right and
what one can get away with, or centered. Conventional societal wrong. Morality also defined in
what is personally satisfying. rules are accepted because the terms of abstract principles and
Moral understanding is based hep ensure the social order. values that apply to all situations
on rewards, punishments, and 3. Social approval or Good- and societies.
exchange of favors. child orientation 5. Social-contact orientation
1. Punishment-obedience Primary moral concern is Appreciation for the
orientation being nice and gaining underlying purposes served
Focus is on self-interest— approval; judges others by by laws. Societal laws are
obedience to authority and their intentions – “His heart obeyed because of the
 avoidance of punishment. was in the right place.” “social contract” but they can
Because children at this 4. Law-and-order orientation be morally disobeyed if they
stage have difficulty Morality based on a larger fail to express the will of the
considering another’s point perspective – societal laws. majority or fail to maximize
of view, they also ignore Understanding that if social welfare.
people’s intentions. everyone violated laws, even 6. Universal-ethics orientation
2. Mutual Benefit with good intentions, there “Right” is determined by
Children become aware of would be chaos. universal ethical principles
other’s perspectives, but (e.g., dignity, freedom) that
their morality is based on moral authorities might view
reciprocity- an equal as compelling or fair. These
exchange of favors. principles apply whether or
(reciprocity, ill scratch your back not they conform to existing
chuchu, give and take) laws.

Humanistic approach – disregard justice

Vygotsky’s socio-cultural Theory

Zone of actual Development (level that the learner achieves alone)

Potential level ( level that thelearner achieves with assistance of MKO)
Instruction with scaffolding( support or assistance that lets child accomplish a task he
cannot accomplish independently)
Zone of Proxiaml Development (ZPD)
BROFENBRENNERS ECOLOGICAL THEORY

24:53
Microsystem- child
Mesosystem – school neighbourhood, play area ,family child day care center,
peers, doctors office, places of worship
Exosystem – extended family, friends or family, mass media, workplace,
community health and welfare services school board, egal services, neighbours
Macrosystem – broad ideology, laws and customs of ones culture, subculture or
social class
Chronosystem ( changes in person or environment over time)
Every person in the system are in relation of the development of the child.
To work for value internalization, which level of morality should we help young people
attain? *
1 point

Post-conventional morality
Conventional morality
Pre-conventional morality
Between conventional and post-conventional morality

Which are said to be the formative years? *

1 point

0-5 years
0-7 years
2-7 years
3-5 years

You are convinced that whenever a student performs a desired behavior, provide
reinforcement and soon the student learns to perform the behavior on her own. On
which principle is your conviction based? *
1 point

Constructivism
Environmentalism
Cognitivism
Behaviorism

In a well-known experiment, psychologist frustrates young children by placing wire

fence between the children and a pile of toys. When finally allowed to play with the
toys, the children smashed and destroyed them. Which reaction was demonstrated? *
1 point

Displaced aggression
Dormant aggression
Rational aggression
Sustained aggression

Which educational issue can be clarified by understanding Maslow’s Needs Theory? *

1 point

Sex education issues in school

The effects of different classroom structures
The effect of poverty on academic achievement
Delinquency in the public schools

Which holds true of adolescence? *

1 point
Lack of idealism
Spurt in physical growth and hormonal changes
Defiance of peer group norm
Dependence

When small children call all animals “dogs”, what process is illustrated based on
Piaget’s cognitive development? *
1 point

Conservation
Assimilation
Reversion
Accommodation

Who of the following authors would most help Teacher Lito to understand the
underlying effects of poverty on academic achievement? *
1 point

Kohlberg
Maslow
Piaget
Dewey

Studies in the area of neurosciences disclosed that the human brain has limitless
capacity. What does this imply? *
1 point

Every child is a potential genius.

Pupils can possibly reach a point where they have learned everything.
Every pupil has his own native ability and his learning is limited to this native ability.
Some pupils are admittedly not capable of learning

Research finding showed that student’s motivation may vary according to socio-
economic background. Which observation can attest to this? *
1 point

Students from low-income families are among those likely to be at risk for failing and
dropping from school.
Gifted students are more highly motivated
Females are more likely than males to earn higher grades.
More boys than girls become underachievers.

Which psychological theory states that the mind insists on finding patterns in things
that contribute to the development of insight? *
1 point

Bruner’s Theory
Gestalt psychology
Piaget’s psychology
Kohlberg’s psychology

The role play in the pre-school and early childhood years is that it _____________. *
1 point

Separates reality from fantasy

Increases imagination due to expanding knowledge and emotional range
Develops the upper and lower limbs
Develops competitive spirit

It is advisable to promote manipulative materials to child in his early childhood to

develop _______. *
1 point

Numerical skills
Social skills
Pre-handwriting skills
Reading readiness

Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is important for learning. What does this
imply?Since they are not capable of interaction, a child in the crib has no learning
yet. *
1 point

Children are independent problem solvers.

Children learn from adults and other children
Children learn well by passive presentation of information.
Since they are not capable of interaction, a child in the crib has no learning yet.

In a social studies class, Teacher C presents a morally ambiguous situation and asks
students what they would do. On whose theory is Teacher C’s technique based? *
1 point

Piaget
Bruner
Kohlberg
Bandura

Which is the primary aim of making teachers understand principles involved individual
differences among her students? *
1 point

To help all learners achieve the same level of academic achievement.

To reduce the possibility of developing feelings of inferiority among the slow learners
To make the slow learners feel the need to learn and achieve
To give each child the opportunities to develop according to his ability
Which characteristic behavior of a grade IV pupil makes you conclude he is behind in
his development in comparison with the average grade IV pupil? *
1 point

Has not achieved a feminine and masculine social role

Has not learned to get along with his age mates
Has no achieved emotional independence from parents
Has not achieved socially responsible behavior

In what developmental stage is the pre-school child? *

1 point

Babyhood
Late Childhood
Infancy
Early Childhood

Research on the brain reveals that the numbers of dendrite connections in the first five
years of growth are in the tens of billions. What does this underscore? I. The
significance of a stimulating early childhood education II. The necessity of forcing the
child to learn at an early age or else may never get interested at all. III. The need to
punish preschool children when they can’t follow a lesson for them to remember the
lesson. IV. The significance of right parenting *
1 point

II and IV
I and III
II and III
I and IV

Sociologists have long recognized differences in group and have used these
differences as the bases for group classification. It is relatively smaller in size than a
“gang”. It comes into being when two or more persons are related to one another is an
intimate fellowship that involves going out together, doing things together, exchanging
intimate personal matters involving emotional sentimental situations. *
1 point

Gang
Playmate
Peer
Clique

It is a process in which the individuals’ attention and interest are aroused and directed
toward definite goals. *
1 point
Motivation
Application
Generalization
Evaluation

There are motivations which may be applied by a teacher in motivating students to

learn. One is a force that areas from outside the individual such as honors, monetary
rewards, medals and the like. This force refers to: *
1 point

Extensive motivation
Intensive motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation

In which order do the 3 important goals during childhood be attained according to

Erickson? *
1 point

Initiative, trust, autonomy

Trust, Autonomy, initiative
Autonomy, Initiative, trust
Autonomy, trust, initiative

It states that when a person is prepared to respond or act giving the response is
satisfying and being prevented from doing so is annoying. *
1 point

Connectionism theory
Law of effect
Law of readiness
Conditioning theory

Pavlov’s well-known experiment demonstrated the formation or strength. Learning of

an association between salivation in a dog and the sound of the buzzer with the
stimulus for salivation, namely food which serves to reinforce this association. *
1 point

Excitation
Extinction
Respondent conditioning
Spontaneous recovery

The fourth year high school student is in the developmental stage of

_______________. *
1 point

Pre-adolescence
Late childhood
Early Childhood
Adolescence

Which is not a biological or psychological characteristics of man: *

1 point

The heightened emotionality

The freedom of the hands
The prolongation of infancy
The highly developed brain

In all social groupings member are classified according to certain criteria which may
differ according to the nature of the group. One of the systems by which men are
ranked higher or lower according to the value across their various social roles and
activities is: *
1 point

Social gratification
Social differentiation
Social grace
Social stratification

A pupil who has been successful in stealing things from his classmates saw a child
punished severely for doing the same thing. As a result of the same observation, he
learned to stop his stealing habits. This situation shows the _____________ of
observation. *
1 point

Disinhibitory
Modeling
Inhibitory effect
Negative conditioning effect

In what developmental stage will the college graduating student fall? *

1 point

Adolescence
Early Adulthood
Middle adulthood
Pre-adolescence

Laughing at a two-year-old child who uttered a bad word is not a proper thing to do
because in this stage of the child’s life, the child is ________. *
1 point

Considering the views of others

Distinguishing right from wrong
Socializing
Distinguishing sex differences

Maturation connotes a process of ______________. *

1 point

None of the choices

Ripening or being ready
Uniform progress
Uneven progression

The sum total of a person’s acquired and inherited characteristics is his: *

1 point

Property
None of the choices
Personality
Character

Learning styles refer to the preferred way individual processes information. Classify a
student who learns best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through
and listening to what other have to say. He/She is a/an _______________. *
1 point

Global
Auditory learner
Analytic
Visual learner

Growth process is most rapid during: *

1 point

Late childhood
Early childhood
Puberty
Adolescence

The emotional pattern emerges during: *

1 point

Adulthood
Infancy
Babyhood
None of the above
One of the principles of learning states that “learning is emotional as well as
intellectual.” Give your interpretation. *
1 point

Teachers should appeal to their students acquisition of ideas

Teachers must draw the learners’ ideas and skills
Learning is maximized if feeling and thought are in harmony
Internalization of ideas result to better learning

Adjusting the curriculum to the maturity and experiences of the learners recognizes
the importance of: *
1 point

Self-confidence
Maturity
All of the above
Readiness

At adolescence, an individual is interested more: *

1 point

In elders
In others
In himself
None of the above

Which of the following greatly influences the formation of adolescent social

relationships? *
1 point

The pace of normal physical development

The influence of the peer groups
One’s mental abilities
The influence of family relationships

Which is not considered an original emotion? *

1 point

Jealousy
Anger
Fear
Love

Learning involves: *
1 point

Happiness
Generalization and concepts
All of the choices
Change in behavior

A period in life where little or no learning takes place is called *

1 point

Rest period
None of the choices
Plateau
Cessation

Development indicates: *
1 point

All of the choices

Start of life
Cessation of activities
Qualitative changes

Every individual has needs that are: *

1 point

Many
More than enough
Fear
Fundamental

Maturation of man as a behavioristic organism is influenced by: *

1 point

None of the choices

Teachers and parents
Education
Heredity and environment

These are common emotional patterns in babyhood except one. *

1 point

Anger
Curiosity
Social smile
Fear

Research shows that females are more likely than males to have a higher need for
affiliation and that more boys than girls end up as underachievers. What actors
accounts for the difference in their motivation? *
1 point

Gender
Age
Socio economic status
Cultural background

The doctrine of “tabula rasa” means ___________. *

1 point

Inherently bad
Neither good nor bad
Inherently good
Inherently active

This stage in the life-span extends from the end of second week of life to the end of
second year. *
1 point

Pre-natal
Infancy
Early childhood
Babyhood

It is a distinct period of the life cycle characterized by a particular set of abilities,

motives, and behavior, emotion that occurs together and forms a coherent pattern. *
1 point

Developmental task
Psychological stage
Psychological task
Developmental stage

It is stage where in an individual ask question such as “Who am I?” *

1 point

Intimacy versus isolation

Industry versus inferiority
Identity versus role confusion
Generativity versus stagnation

This term refers to the child’s tendency to arrange available schemata into coherent
systems or bodies of knowledge: *
1 point

Organization
Adaptation
Accommodation
Assimilation

Learning that takes place when an individual associate a neutral stimulus with a
second neutral stimulus that always elicits a particular response. *
1 point

Neo-Hullian Theory
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

Process in which children seek to incorporate some new experiences into schemata
that they already have: *
1 point

Assimilation
Adaptation
Accommodation
Organization

If a child watches someone do something or listens attentively to that previous

reasoning then the child may learn to do, think or feel as the person did: *
1 point

Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Neo-Hullian

According to Eric H. Lenneberg, the roots of Language are found in the infants’
______. *
1 point

Babbling
All of the choices
Crying
Cooing

It is the individual’s state of preparedness with respect to one or more areas of his
functioning. *
1 point

Developmental orientation
Developmental readiness
Developmental awareness
Developmental preparedness

Motor development starts from head to foot: *

1 point

Proximodistal
Cephalocaudal
Both cephalocaudal & proximodistal
None of the choices

Stroking the baby gently and singing or speaking softly to him enhances his feelings of
satisfaction and well-being. *
1 point

Development of motor
Development of socialization
Development of understanding
Development of emotion

Miss Reyes observed that one of her students excels in activities requiring strength,
speed, flexibility,balance and hand-eye coordination. According to Howard Gardner,
such natural intelligence can be identified as _________________. *
1 point

Interpersonal
Verbal-linguistic
Bodily-kinesthetic
Verbal-logical

If needs are not met along the erogenous zone, _________ occurs. *
1 point

Fixation
Development
Learning
Abnormality

Children with sub average intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior, experience
difficulty in managing daily activities and in conducting themselves appropriately in
social situation are diagnosed to be suffering from a kind of disability called
__________. *
1 point

Emotional disorder
Health impairment
Mental retardation
Attention-deficit disorder

It pertains to the development of the muscle control: *

1 point

Development of understanding
Development of speech
Development of emotion
Development of motor skills
It is the progressive series of changes of an orderly and coherent type toward the goal
of maturity. *
1 point

Learning
Development
Maturation
Progression

In this stage of development an individual learn that his hand is part of himself, where
as a ball is not. *
1 point

Stage of concrete operations

Sensory motor stage
Stage of formaloperations
Pre-operational stage

The following are hand skills except one: *

1 point

Play skills
Self-feeding
Jumping
Self-dressing

He believes that development of intelligence begins during the sensorimotor stage of

the infant which explains that objects and events seen for the first time are vividly
remembered. *
1 point

Albert Bandura
Lawrence Kohlberg
Jean Piaget
Erik Erickson

The child acquires new meaning, interpreted new experiences on the basis of their
memories of previous ones: *
1 point

Development of motor skills

Development of understanding
Development of speech
Development of babyhood skills

hese are common emotional patterns in babyhood except one. *

1 point
Anger
Curiosity
Social smile
Fear

Research shows that females are more likely than males to have a higher need for
affiliation and that more boys than girls end up as underachievers. What actors
accounts for the difference in their motivation? *
1 point

Gender
Age
Socio economic status
Cultural background

The doctrine of “tabula rasa” means ___________. *

1 point

Inherently bad
Neither good nor bad
Inherently good
Inherently active

This stage in the life-span extends from the end of second week of life to the end of
second year. *
1 point

Pre-natal
Infancy
Early childhood
Babyhood

It is a distinct period of the life cycle characterized by a particular set of abilities,

motives, and behavior, emotion that occurs together and forms a coherent pattern. *
1 point

Developmental task
Psychological stage
Psychological task
Developmental stage

It is stage where in an individual ask question such as “Who am I?” *

1 point

Intimacy versus isolation

Industry versus inferiority
Identity versus role confusion
Generativity versus stagnation
This term refers to the child’s tendency to arrange available schemata into coherent
systems or bodies of knowledge: *
1 point

Organization
Adaptation
Accommodation
Assimilation

Learning that takes place when an individual associate a neutral stimulus with a
second neutral stimulus that always elicits a particular response. *
1 point

Neo-Hullian Theory
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

Process in which children seek to incorporate some new experiences into schemata
that they already have: *
1 point

Assimilation
Adaptation
Accommodation
Organization

If a child watches someone do something or listens attentively to that previous

reasoning then the child may learn to do, think or feel as the person did: *
1 point

Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Neo-Hullian

According to Eric H. Lenneberg, the roots of Language are found in the infants’
______. *
1 point

Babbling
All of the choices
Crying
Cooing

It is the individual’s state of preparedness with respect to one or more areas of his
functioning. *
1 point

Developmental orientation
Developmental readiness
Developmental awareness
Developmental preparedness

Motor development starts from head to foot: *

1 point

Proximodistal
Cephalocaudal
Both cephalocaudal & proximodistal
None of the choices

Stroking the baby gently and singing or speaking softly to him enhances his feelings of
satisfaction and well-being. *
1 point

Development of motor
Development of socialization
Development of understanding
Development of emotion

Miss Reyes observed that one of her students excels in activities requiring strength,
speed, flexibility,balance and hand-eye coordination. According to Howard Gardner,
such natural intelligence can be identified as _________________. *
1 point

Interpersonal
Verbal-linguistic
Bodily-kinesthetic
Verbal-logical

If needs are not met along the erogenous zone, _________ occurs. *
1 point

Fixation
Development
Learning
Abnormality

Children with sub average intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior, experience
difficulty in managing daily activities and in conducting themselves appropriately in
social situation are diagnosed to be suffering from a kind of disability called
__________. *
1 point
Emotional disorder
Health impairment
Mental retardation
Attention-deficit disorder

It pertains to the development of the muscle control: *

1 point

Development of understanding
Development of speech
Development of emotion
Development of motor skills

It is the progressive series of changes of an orderly and coherent type toward the goal
of maturity. *
1 point

Learning
Development
Maturation
Progression

In this stage of development an individual learn that his hand is part of himself, where
as a ball is not. *
1 point

Stage of concrete operations

Sensory motor stage
Stage of formaloperations
Pre-operational stage

The following are hand skills except one: *

1 point

Play skills
Self-feeding
Jumping
Self-dressing

He believes that development of intelligence begins during the sensorimotor stage of

the infant which explains that objects and events seen for the first time are vividly
remembered. *
1 point

Albert Bandura
Lawrence Kohlberg
Jean Piaget
Erik Erickson
The child acquires new meaning, interpreted new experiences on the basis of their
memories of previous ones: *
1 point

Development of motor skills

Development of understanding
Development of speech
Development of babyhood skills