11

8
PRECALCULUS
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 4
MELCs 8 & 9

CONIC THE DOTS:

HYPERBOLAS
PRE-CALCULUS QUARTER 1 MODULE 4
PART I.
Introduction
By the end of this module, you should be able to (a) illustrate
hyperbola, (b) define hyperbola, (c) write a hyperbola’s equation in
standard form to identify its important parts, and (d) determine the
standard equation of a hyperbola that satisfies given conditions.
Meanwhile, did you know that some heavenly bodies travel
through space in a hyperbolic orbit? Such astonishing fact implies that
studying hyperbolas is a small step to unraveling the secrets of the
Universe! Ad astra!
Pretest

Directions: Read each item very carefully. Then, choose an answer.

1. Which of the following is an equation of a hyperbola?

a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 c. 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36
b. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 = 2 d. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1
2. What is the center of the hyperbola whose equation is
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 + 3)2
− = 1?
16 9
a. (2 , −3) c. (−3 , 2)
b. (−2 , 3) d. (3 , −2)
3. What do you call the line segment whose endpoints are the
hyperbola’s vertices?
a. transverse axis c. major axis
b. conjugate axis d. minor axis
4. Complete the statement about how a plane should cut a double-
napped cone so that their intersection is a hyperbola.
The angle formed by the plane with the axis is _____________
the vertex angle, and the plane does not pass through the vertex.
a. equal to c. smaller than
b. greater than d. twice
5. Which of the following are key terms in defining hyperbola?
a. a fixed point, a common distance
b. a fixed line, a fixed point not on the line
c. distances add up to a certain constant
d. distances differ by a certain constant
6. Suppose a conic’s equation is given in general form. How would
you know it is a hyperbola’s equation?
The coefficients of 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 ______________________.
a. are equal c. have the same sign
b. are not equal d. do not have the same sign

1
 7. Suppose a hyperbola’s equation is given in standard form. By
inspecting the expression on the left-hand side, how would you
know such hyperbola is horizontal?
a. If the denominator of the first term is greater than that
of the second term
b. If the denominator of the first term is smaller than that
of the second term
c. If the first term contains the variable 𝑥
d. If the first term contains the variable 𝑦
8. Which is of the following is the standard form of
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 34 = 0?
(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+1)2
a. − =1 c. − =1
4 6 4 6
(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+1)2
b. − =1 d. − =1
6 4 6 4

9. What is the standard equation of the vertical hyperbola centered

at the origin with transverse axis that is 8 units long and a
conjugate axis that is 10 units long?
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2
a. − =1 c. − =1
16 25 16 25
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2
b. 25
− 16 = 1 d. 25
− 16 = 1

10. What is the standard equation of the hyperbola with foci at (−5, 4)
and (5 , 4) and whose transverse axis is 8 units long?
𝑥2 (𝑦−4)2 (𝑦−4)2 𝑥2
a. − =1 c. − =1
16 9 16 9
𝑥2 (𝑦−4)2 (𝑦−4)2 𝑥2
b. − =1 d. − 16 = 1
9 16 9

Presentation/Discussion
MELC 6: Define hyperbola.

Definition: Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points
𝑃, whose distances from 𝐹1 and from 𝐹2 differ by a certain constant,
is called a hyperbola. The points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are called the foci of the
hyperbola.

Derivation of the Standard Equation of a Horizontal Hyperbola

Teacher’s Note: This part was included for students who want to know
how the standard equation of a horizontal hyperbola is derived. You may
skip this part.

2
 We place 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 at (ℎ − 𝑐 , 𝑘) and (ℎ + 𝑐 , 𝑘), respectively. Then,
we let the coordinates of 𝑃 be (𝑥 , 𝑦).

Translating the definition in the previous page into an equation,

and letting the constant difference be 2𝑎, we have

(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐹1 𝑡𝑜 𝑃) − (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐹2 𝑡𝑜 𝑃) = 2𝑎

̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹1 𝑃 − ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹2 𝑃 = 2𝑎
√[𝑥 − (ℎ − 𝑐 )]2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 − √[𝑥 − (ℎ + 𝑐 )]2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 2𝑎

Manipulating the equation,

2 2
(√[𝑥 − (ℎ − 𝑐 )]2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 ) = (2𝑎 + √[𝑥 − (ℎ + 𝑐 )]2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 )

[𝑥 − (ℎ − 𝑐 )]2 = 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√[𝑥 − (ℎ + 𝑐 )]2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 + [𝑥 − (ℎ + 𝑐 )]2

4𝑐𝑥 − 4𝑐ℎ − 4𝑎2 = 4𝑎√(𝑥 − ℎ − 𝑐)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2

2
(𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐ℎ − 𝑎2 )2 = (−𝑎√(𝑥 − ℎ − 𝑐)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 )

𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑐 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎2 ℎ𝑥 + 2𝑐 2 ℎ𝑥 + 𝑎2 ℎ2 − 𝑐 2 ℎ2 + 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑎4 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2
(𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑐 2 𝑥 2 ) − (2𝑎2 ℎ𝑥 − 2𝑐 2 ℎ𝑥 ) + (𝑎2 ℎ2 − 𝑐 2 ℎ2 ) + 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = (𝑎4 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2 )
(𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )𝑥 2 − (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )2ℎ𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )ℎ2 + 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑎2 (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )
(𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )(𝑥 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 ) + [𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 ] = [𝑎2 (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )]
(𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + [𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 ] = [𝑎2 (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )]

Dividing the equation by [𝑎2 (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )], and letting (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 ) be 𝑏2 ,

we obtain the standard equation of the hyperbola centered at (ℎ , 𝑘 ).
(𝑥 − ℎ )2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
If such hyperbola is centered at the origin, the equation becomes
𝑥2 𝑦2
− = 1.
𝑎2 𝑏 2
3
MELC 5: Determine the standard form of an equation of a hyperbola.

Some Features of a Hyperbola

1. Orientation
A hyperbola may either be vertical or horizontal. If its equation is
in standard form, it is easier to determine its orientation. If the first
term (the positive term) has the variable 𝑥, then the hyperbola is
horizontal; but if it has the variable 𝑦, then it is vertical.

2. Branches/Connected Components
These are the bow-like curves that make up a hyperbola. Each
curve mirrors the other.
3. Center
The center of the hyperbola serves as the midpoint of the vertices,
the covertices, and the foci. It is also where the asymptotes intersect.
4. Value of 𝒄 and Foci
The value of 𝑐 can be obtained using the formula 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 . We
use this value to locate the foci of a hyperbola whose center is
known. For a horizontal hyperbola centered at (ℎ , 𝑘 ), the foci are at
(ℎ ± 𝑐 , 𝑘 ); if it is vertical, the foci are at (ℎ , 𝑘 ± 𝑐 ).

5. Vertices and Transverse Axis

Each branch of a hyperbola has a turning point. These turning
points are the vertices. Each vertex is 𝑎 units from the center. For a
horizontal hyperbola centered at (ℎ , 𝑘 ), the vertices are at (ℎ ± 𝑎 , 𝑘 );
if it is vertical, the vertices are at (ℎ , 𝑘 ± 𝑎). The line segment joining
them is called transverse axis, and its length is 2𝑎 units.

4
6. Covertices and Conjugate Axis
The covertices of a hyperbola centered at (ℎ , 𝑘) are located at
(ℎ , 𝑘 ± 𝑏) if it is horizontal; at (ℎ ± 𝑏 , 𝑘) if vertical. Apparently, each
point is 𝑏 units away from the center. The segment joining these
points is called conjugate axis, and its length is 2𝑏 units.

7. Auxiliary Rectangle/Central Rectangle

To draw the auxiliary rectangle, first, draw two segments. Each
segment should be parallel and congruent to the transverse axis,
and should have its midpoint at a vertex. These segments will be the
two sides. Next, draw the other two sides to complete the rectangle.
This rectangle is used as guide in sketching the asymptotes.

8. Asymptotes and Their Equations

To sketch the asymptotes, draw the diagonals of the auxiliary
rectangle and extend each into a line. The asymptotes are used as
guides in sketching the branches.
Meanwhile, there are different techniques used to determine the
equations of the asymptotes. One is by replacing the right-hand side
5
 of the standard equation by 0, and then manipulating the obtained
equation to isolate 𝑦 on the left-hand side. Two equations shall be
derived; one for each asymptote.
It is likewise note-worthy that the slopes of the asymptotes can
be obtained by simply using the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏. If the hyperbola
𝑏 𝑎
is horizontal, then 𝑚 = ± 𝑎 ; if vertical, 𝑚 = ± 𝑏 . The explanation to
this is left for investigation.

Writing a Hyperbola’s Equation in Standard Form

Write each in standard form. Then, supply the following:
orientation, center, values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, lengths of the transverse and
conjugate axes, coordinates of foci, vertices, covertices, and equations
of asymptotes.

Illustrative Example 1
9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 = 144
Solution:
First, divide the whole equation by 144 to make the right-hand
side become 1. Then, simplify the result.
9𝑥 2 16𝑦 2 144
− =
144 144 144
𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1
16 9
Center : (0 , 0)
Orientation : Since the first term has the variable 𝑥, the hyperbola
is horizontal.
Values of : 𝑎 = √16 = 4 𝑏 = √9 = 3 𝑐 = √16 + 9 = 5
Length of transverse axis : 2(4) = 8 units
Length of conjugate axis : 2(3) = 6 units
Foci : (−5 , 0) and (5 , 0)
Vertices : (−4 , 0) and (4 , 0)
Covertices : (0 , −3) and (0 , 3)
Equations of Asymptotes:

6
 𝑥2 𝑦2
− =0
16 9
2
9𝑥 2
𝑦 =
16
3
𝑦=± 𝑥
4

Illustrative Example 2
4𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 − 54𝑥 = 101
Solution:
4(𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) − 9(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 ) = 101
𝟒(𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 𝟒) − 𝟗(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝟗) = 101 + 𝟒 ∙ 4 − 𝟗 ∙ 𝟗
4(𝑦 − 2)2 − 9(𝑥 + 3)2 = 36
First, divide the whole equation by 36 to make the right-hand side
become 1. Then, simplify the result.

4(𝑦 − 2)2 9(𝑥 + 3)2

− = 36
36 36
(𝑦 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 3)2
− =1
9 4
Center : (−3 , 2)
Orientation : Since the first term has the variable 𝑦, then the
hyperbola is vertical.
Values of : 𝑎 = √9 = 3 𝑏 = √4 = 2 𝑐 = √9 + 4 = √13
Length of transverse axis : 2(3) = 6 units
Length of conjugate axis : 2(2) = 4 units
Foci : (−3 , 2 − √13) and (−3 , 2 + √13)
Vertices : (−3 , 2 − 3) = (−3 , −1) and (−3 , 2 + 3) = (−3 , 5)
Covertices : (−3 − 2 , 2) = (−5 , 2) and (−3 + 2 , 2) = (−1 , 2)
Equations of Asymptotes:
(𝑦 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 3)2
− =0
9 4
9(𝑥 + 3)2
(𝑦 − 2)2 =
4

9(𝑥 + 3)2
√(𝑦 − 2)2 = √
4
3
𝑦 − 2 = ± (𝑥 + 3)
2
3 5 3 13
𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 − 2 and 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 2
7
Illustrative Example 3
4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 69 = 0
Solution:
4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = −69
4(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ) − (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) = −69
𝟗 𝟗
𝟒 (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + ) − (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 𝟒) = −69 + 𝟒 ∙ − 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒
3 2
4 (𝑥 + ) − (𝑦 − 2)2 = −64
2
First, divide the whole equation by −64 to make the right-hand
side become 1. Then, simplify the result.
3 2
4 (𝑥 + ) (𝑦 − 2)2 −64
2
− =
−64 −64 −64
3 2
(𝑦 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 2)
− =1
64 16
3
Center : ( − 2 , 2)

Orientation : Since the first term has the variable 𝑦, the hyperbola
is vertical.
Values of : 𝑎 = √64 = 8 𝑏 = √16 = 4 𝑐 = √64 + 16 = 4√5
Length of transverse axis : 2(8) = 16 units
Length of conjugate axis : 2(4) = 8 units
3 3 3
Foci : (− , 2 − 4√5) and ( − , 2 + 4√5) or ( − , 2 ± 4√5)
2 2 2
3 3 3 3
Vertices : (− 2 , 2 − 8) = (− 2 , −6) and ( − 2 , 2 + 8) = (− 2 ,10)
3 11 3 5
Covertices : (− 2 − 4, 2) = (− , 2) and (− 2 + 4 , 2) = (2 , 2)
2

Equations of Asymptotes:
3 2
(𝑦 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 2)
− =0
64 16
3 2
64 (𝑥 + 2)
(𝑦 − 2)2 =
16
3 2
)2
(𝑦 − 2 = 4 (𝑥 + )
2
3
𝑦 − 2 = ±2 (𝑥 + )
2
𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 1 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5

8
Determining the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola
Find the standard equation of the hyperbola that satisfies the
given conditions.
Illustrative Example 1
Foci (8 , 16) and (8 , −4), fixed difference is 16
• The midpoint of the foci is the hyperbola’s center.
8 + 8 16 + (−4)
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ( , ) = (8 , 6)
2 2
• The foci are aligned vertically, so the hyperbola is vertical.
Its standard equation is
(𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 (𝑥 − ℎ ) 2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
• The fixed difference is equal to 2𝑎.
Thus,
𝑎=8
𝑎2 = 64
• The distance from the center to a
focus is the value of 𝑐. Thus, 𝑐 = 10;
𝑐 2 = 100.
• To solve for 𝑏2 ,
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 100 − 64 = 36
• Using the information above,
(𝑦 − 6)2 (𝑥 − 8)2
− =1
64 36

Illustrative Example 2
Foci (−3 , −2) and (7 , −2), a vertex at (0 , −2)

• The midpoint of the foci is the hyperbola’s center.

(−3) + 7 −2 + (−2)
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ( , ) = (2 , −2)
2 2
• The foci are aligned horizontally, so the hyperbola is horizontal.
Its standard equation is
(𝑥 − ℎ )2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
• The distance from the center to a focus is the value of 𝑐. Thus,
𝑐 = 5; 𝑐 2 = 25.
9
 • The distance from the center to
a vertex is the value of 𝑎. Thus,
𝑎 = 2; 𝑎2 = 4.
• 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 25 − 4 = 21
• Using the information above
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 + 2)2
− =1
4 21

Illustrative Example 3
Center (3 , −1), one corner of auxiliary rectangle at (1 , 1), transverse axis
is vertical
• It is given that the transverse
axis is vertical, which implies
that the hyperbola is vertical.
Hence, its standard equation is
(𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 (𝑥 − ℎ ) 2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
• Because the hyperbola is
vertical, the vertical distance
from the center to the given
corner of the auxiliary rectangle
corresponds to the value of 𝑎,
while the horizontal distance
corresponds to that of 𝑏. Thus,
𝑎 = 2; 𝑎2 = 4
𝑏 = 2; 𝑏2 = 4.
• Using the information above,
(𝑦 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)2
− =1
4 4

Illustrative Example 4
3 9 3 33
Equations of asymptotes 𝑦 = 𝑥 + and 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − , a vertex at (−3 , −3)
4 4 4 4

• The asymptotes intersect at the center of the hyperbola. We will

perform substitution method in order to obtain the coordinates of
the center.
3 9 3 33
𝑥+ =− 𝑥−
4 4 4 4
3𝑥 + 9 = −3𝑥 − 33
𝑥 = −7

3 9 21 9
𝑦= (−7) + = − + = −3
4 4 4 4
10
 • Hence, the hyperbola is centered at (−7 , −3).
• The center and the given vertex are horizontally aligned. That
means the hyperbola is horizontal. So, its standard equation is
(𝑥 − ℎ ) 2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
• The distance from the center
to the vertex is 4 units. Thus
𝑎 = 4; 𝑎2 = 16.
• Since the hyperbola is
horizontal, the slopes of the
asymptotes correspond to
𝑏 𝑏 3
the ratio ± 𝑎. Hence, = 4.
𝑎
• Replacing 𝑎 in the ratio with 4, we notice right away that the value
of 𝑏 must be 3. Thus, 𝑏2 = 9.
• Using the information above,
(𝑥 + 7)2 (𝑦 + 3)2
− =1
16 9
PART II. ACTIVITIES
Activity I. I’M HYPED!
Directions: Inspect the equation and tell whether or not it is an equation
of a hyperbola. Write HYPER if it is, BOLA if not.
1. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 − 4 = 0 6. 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 − 2 = 0 7. 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 13 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 8. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 1 = 0
4. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 1 = 0 9. 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 20𝑥 + 10 = 0
5. 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 57 = 0 10. 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 17 = 0

Activity II. HYPING UP!

Directions: Write each in standard form. Then, supply the following:
orientation, center, values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, lengths of the transverse and
conjugate axes, coordinates of foci, vertices, covertices, and equations of
asymptotes.
1. 36𝑦 2 − 144𝑥 2 − 36𝑦 − 48𝑥 − 139 = 0
2. 4𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2 − 24𝑥 − 100𝑦 − 164 = 0
Activity III. I WANT IT STANDARD
Direction: Find the standard equation of the hyperbola that satisfies the
given conditions.
1. Foci at (0 , ±7), vertices at (0 , ±4)
2. Foci at (−5 , 5) and (7 , 5), fixed difference is 6

11
 12
PRETEST
1. D 5. D 9. C
2. A 6. D 10. A
3. A 7. C
4. C 8. A
ACTIVITIES
I.
1. HYPER 5. HYPER 9. BOLA
2. BOLA 6. BOLA 10. BOLA
3. BOLA 7. HYPER
4. HYPER 8. BOLA
II.
1 2
(𝑦− ) 1 2
2
1. Standard form :
4
− (𝑥 + 6) = 1
1 1
Center : (− , )
6 2
Orientation : vertical
Values of :𝑎=2 𝑏=1 𝑐 = √5
Length of : trans. axis = 4 units; conj. axis = 2 units
11
Foci : (− , ± √5)
62
1 3 1 5
Vertices : (− , − ) and (− , )
6 2 6 2
7 1 5 1
Covertices : (− , ) and ( , )
6 2 6 2
1 5
Asymptotes : 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 +
6 6
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+2)2
2. Standard form : − =1
25 4
Center : (3 , −2)
Orientation : horizontal
Values of : 𝑎=5 𝑏=2 𝑐 = √29
Length of : trans. axis = 10 units; conj. axis = 4 units
Foci : (3 ± √29, −2)
Vertices : (−2 , −2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (8 , −2)
Covertices : (3 , −4) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3 , 0)
2 4 2 16
Asymptotes : 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − and 𝑦 = 𝑥 −
5 5 5 5
III.
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑦−8)2 (𝑥+4)2
1. − =1 4. − =1
16 33 25 144
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−5)2 (𝑥−9)2 (𝑦−1)2
2. − =1 5. − =1
9 27 49 4
(𝑦+3)2 (𝑥−2)2
3. − =1
4 9
Answer Key
horizontal
5. Two corners of auxiliary rectangle at (2 , 3) and (16 , −1),
3 3
, a focus at (−4 , −5) & 𝑦 = 12 𝑥 + 4. Asymptotes are 𝑦 = − 12 𝑥 +
29 5 19 5
conjugate axis is horizontal
3. Center at (2 , −3), one corner of auxiliary rectangle at (−1 , −5),
PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
A. Read each item very carefully. Then, choose an answer.
1. What non-degenerate conic is formed when the angle formed
by the plane with the axis is smaller than the vertex angle?
a. circle c. ellipse
b. parabola d. hyperbola
2. Which of the following defines a hyperbola?
a. Let 𝐶 be a given point. The set of all points 𝑃 having the
same distance from 𝐶 is called a hyperbola.
b. Let 𝐹 be a given point and 𝑙 a given line not containing
𝐹. The set of all points 𝑃 such that its distances from 𝐹
and 𝑙 are the same, is called a hyperbola.
c. Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points
𝑃, whose distances from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 add up to a certain
constant, is called a hyperbola.
d. Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points
𝑃, whose distances from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 differ by a certain
constant, is called a hyperbola.
3. Suppose a conic’s equation is given in general form. How
would you know it is a hyperbola’s equation?
The coefficients of 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 _______________________.
a. are equal c. have the same sign
b. are not equal d. do not have the same sign
4. What is the standard form of 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0?
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−2)2
a. − =1 c. − =1
3 6 3 6
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−2)2
b. − =1 d. − =1
6 3 6 3

5. What is the standard equation of the hyperbola that has foci

at (−2 , 3) and (8 , 3) and whose transverse axis is 8 units long?
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−3)2 (𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−3)2
a. 16
− 9
=1 c. 16
+ 9
=1
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−3)2 (𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−3)2
b. 9
− 16
=1 d. 9
+ 16
=1

B. Write each in standard form. Then, supply the following: orientation,

center, values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, lengths of the transverse and conjugate axes,
coordinates of foci, vertices, covertices, and equations of asymptotes.
1. 25𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 100𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 74 = 0
2. 𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 − 54𝑥 − 113 = 0
C. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola that satisfies the conditions.
1. Foci (5 , 8) and (−3 , 8), fixed difference is 2
2. Foci (−3 , −3) and (−3 , 7), a vertex at (−3 , 0)
3. Center (0 , 5), one corner of auxiliary rectangle at (−2 , 0),
conjugate axis is vertical

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