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Unit 1: Grammar Reference and Practice

This document provides an overview of different tenses used to talk about the present: 1) The simple present is used to talk about general truths, habits, routines, and states. It can also be used with stative verbs. 2) The present continuous is used to talk about temporary or changing situations happening now. It can also describe frequent actions. 3) The present perfect is used to describe actions that began in the past but continue in the present. It can also indicate an action that occurred before now. The document then provides examples and explanations of how to form questions, negatives, and affirmatives in these tenses.

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Lê Văn Hòa
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137 views

Unit 1: Grammar Reference and Practice

This document provides an overview of different tenses used to talk about the present: 1) The simple present is used to talk about general truths, habits, routines, and states. It can also be used with stative verbs. 2) The present continuous is used to talk about temporary or changing situations happening now. It can also describe frequent actions. 3) The present perfect is used to describe actions that began in the past but continue in the present. It can also indicate an action that occurred before now. The document then provides examples and explanations of how to form questions, negatives, and affirmatives in these tenses.

Uploaded by

Lê Văn Hòa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1  Grammar reference and practice

Subject / object questions The simple present is used:


Wh- questions start with a question word (e.g., What, Where, • to talk about things that are always or generally true (e.g.,
Who, When, How). The question word sometimes asks about the scientific facts).
subject and sometimes it asks about the object. Some planets have many moons. Jupiter has at least 67!
In object questions, the question word asks about the object of the • to describe habits and routines (often with words like
verb. Use the auxiliary verb do/does in simple present and simple sometimes and never).
past questions (am/were, etc. in continuous tenses; have/has, etc. in I don’t normally go out during the week, but sometimes I go to the
perfect tenses). The auxiliary verb goes before the subject. movies on Saturdays.
• with stative verbs (verbs of feeling, thinking, owning, and
Which movie do you want to see? I want to see Jason Bourne. sensing) (e.g., enjoy, think, belong, seem).
(Which movie asks about the object.)
I don’t believe that you stayed home all weekend.
Who have you spoken to? I’ve spoken to Diane. The present continuous is used:
(Who asks about the object.) • to talk about temporary actions happening at or around the
Don’t use a question word in Yes/No questions. present time, or at the time of speaking/writing.
Did you call Diane? Yes, I did. What’s that man doing? He’s looking for something.
Some verbs have two objects (e.g., tell, give, invite). Questions I’m reading a really interesting book about technology right now.
can be asked about both objects. • to talk about changing situations.
Gurpreet gave Anita a present. The world is getting warmer at a very fast rate.
Who did Gurpreet give a present to? (Anita) • with always to describe actions that happen often (and
What did Gurpreet give Anita? (a present) perhaps annoy the speaker).
In subject questions, the question word asks about the subject. He’s always telling lies about me. Don’t listen to him!
Don’t use the auxiliary verb (do/does) in simple present and
simple past questions. The present perfect is used:
• to describe actions that started in the past and continue in
Who likes this game? I like it. (Who asks about the subject.) the present.
Natsuki and I have been friends since we were young.
Which video made you laugh the most? The one with the cats
To make negatives and questions in the simple present, use the
made me laugh the most. (Which video asks about the subject.)
auxiliary verb do/does + infinitive.
Not Who does like the game?  Which video did make…? She doesn’t often cry in public.
In questions in other tenses, always use the auxiliary verb (e.g., Why do you enjoy making cakes and cookies?
has, will, am).
To make affirmatives, negatives, and questions in the present
Who is making all that noise? continuous, use the auxiliary verb is/am/are + -ing.
Which movies have made the most money? He’s talking to his friends online, so he isn’t listening to me.
Activities 1 and 2 I’m not studying very hard right now.
Why are you always stealing my pens?

Talking about the present To make affirmatives, negatives, and questions in the present
To talk about the present, you can use the simple present, the perfect, use the auxiliary verb have/has + past participle.
present continuous, and the present perfect. (Some people They’ve only known each other for two weeks.
think of the present perfect as a past tense, but it always has a She hasn’t been very happy recently.
connection to the present, so it is really a present tense.) How long have you lived in Istanbul?
Activities 3–7

128  Unit 1  Grammar Reference

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