UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FACULTY

OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Program: Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) Mechanical

Course: Thermal fluids Lab
Course Code: MEC 554
Lecturer/Tutor Name: Azrul Aizul Gull Bin Azrat Gull
Group: EMD5M7A GROUP 4

Lab Report

Experiment’s Tittle

FLUID MACHINERY – CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Bil Student Name Student ID Signature

1. ILYASA’ HAKIM BIN FAUZI 2020816538
ilyasa
2. HARIZ SAUFI BIN MOHD SUMARI 2020483594 hariz
3. IMAN SUFFIAN BIN WAKHI ANUAR 2020810326 suffian
4. EIZMIR HANS BIN ROAHIZAN 2020899308 eizmir

Lab Session : 4/11/2021 Approved by:

(Date)

Submission of Report: 11/11/2021 Received by:

(Date)
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
2.0 THEORY...................................................................................................................................2
3.0 APPARATUS............................................................................................................................5
4.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE............................................................................................6
4.1 PRELIMINARIES.................................................................................................................6
4.2 ACTUAL EXPERIMENT.....................................................................................................6
5.0 DATA AND RESULTS..................................................................................................................7
5.1 SAMPLE CALCULATION......................................................................................................10
6.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION............................................................................................14
6.1 EIZMIR HANS BIN ROAHIZAN (2020899308).....................................................................14
6.2 IMAN SUFFIAN BIN WAKHI ANUAR (2020810326)..........................................................17
6.3 HARIZ SAUFI BIN MOHD SUMARI (2020483594)..............................................................20
6.4 ILYASA’ HAKIM BIN FAUZI (2020816538).........................................................................24
7.0 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................27

List of Figures
Figure 1: Basic flow and schematic diagram of basic elements of a centrifugal pump............2
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of Pump Performance Characteristic.......................................3
Figure 3: Typical Performance Characteristics of An Axial Centrifugal Pump.........................4
Figure 4: Graph 1 of test 1 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate......................12
Figure 5: Graph 2 of test 2 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate......................12
Figure 6: Graph 3 of test 3 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate......................13
Figure 7: Graph 4 of test 4 Shaft Power vs Volume Flow Rate.............................................13

List of Tables
Table 1: The apparatus used for the experiment of centrifugal pump.....................................5
Table 2: Table of Test 1......................................................................................................... 7
Table 3: Table of Test 2......................................................................................................... 8
Table 4: Table of Test 3......................................................................................................... 9
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Pumps are classed according to the applications they serve, the materials
they are made of the liquids they handle, and even their spatial awareness. All these
classifications, however, are limited in scope and tend to overlap significantly. The
principle by which energy is added to the fluid provides the basis for a more
fundamental method of pump categorization. All pump types fall into one of two
categories under this system which are centrifugal pump and positive displacement
pump.

A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device that moves a fluid by transferring

rotational energy from one or more driven rotors known as impellers. Fluid enters the
highly rotating impeller along its axis and is expended by centrifugal force along its
circular through the vane tips. The impeller's movement increases the velocity and
pressure of the fluid while also directing it towards the pump exit. The pump casing is
precisely constructed to compress fluid at the pump inlet, direct it into the impeller,
and then slow and control the fluid before discharge.
2.0 THEORY

The centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used radial-flow turbomachines.
An impeller attached to a spinning shaft and a stationary casing (or housing) that
encloses the impeller are the two primary components of this type of pump. The
following diagram depicts the essential components of a centrifugal pump.

Figure 1: Basic flow and schematic diagram of basic elements of a centrifugal pump.

As the fluid travels from the eye to the perimeter of the blades, the revolving
blades provide energy to the fluid, increasing both pressure and absolute velocity. As
fluid travels from the impeller into the casing surrounding the impeller, the kinetic
energy is transferred into a further increase in pressure.

The real performance of a centrifugal pump cannot be anticipated on a totally

theoretical basis due to the overall complexity of flow through the pump. Pump
performance is assessed empirically using pump experiments, with the findings
given as pump performance curves. Plots showing head rise, efficiency, and power
vs flow rate are often used to show performance attributes for a particular pump
shape and operating speed (commonly referred as capacity). The engineer in charge
of adding pumps into a pipe flow system will benefit greatly from this information.
Consider the experimental setup represent schematically below for evaluating the
head rise obtained by a fluid running through a pump.

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of Pump Performance Characteristic

The pump head rise can be expressed using the energy equation as

ℎ2= (2 -1 )/pg + (1 +2 ) + (2 -2 )/2g

Typically, the differences in elevation and velocities (between inlet and

outlet) are so small so that
ℎ = (2-1)/pg

The power, gained by the fluid is given by the equation

= pgQℎ

The pump overall efficiency, η, is the ration of power actually gained by the
fluid to the shaft power supplied Ẇℎ as given by the equation
η = /Ẇℎ

Where, Ẇℎ the shaft power, is the product of the Torque applied to

the shaft and the angular velocity, ω.
Ẇ ℎ = ℎ.ω

Where:
2N
ω=
60
The usual performance curve for the axial centrifugal pump of a given size
operating at constant speed is shown below:

Figure 3: Typical Performance Characteristics of An Axial Centrifugal Pump.

3.0 APPARATUS

NO. APPARATUS DIAGRAM

1. Water Flow Bench

2. Centrifugal Pump

3. Instrumental Panel

4. Water Tank

Table 1: The apparatus used for the experiment of centrifugal pump.

4.1 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

4.2 PRELIMINARIES

1) Students had been adequately supervised.

2) The discharge and suction valve were turned to fully open and the motor
speed control
was set to zero.
3) The electricity supply and motor drive were switched on. The motor control
knob
4) slowly adjusted to around half way position. The system was ensured free
from leaking.
5) The motor speed was reduced back to zero.

4.3 ACTUAL EXPERIMENT

1) The suction valve was opened and the discharge valve was closed. The
maximum pump speed N1 by adjusting speed control to 100%.
2) Discharge valve was fully opened and the water was allowed to circulate. The
volume of flow was indicated and the suitable increment in flow was decided.
3) The discharge valve was closed. The reading was taken when all
measurements were steady.
4) The discharge valve was slightly opened, to give the first increment in volume
flow.
5) Step (4) was repeated. The final measurements corresponding to the valve
being fully opened.
6) The entire experiment at pump speed was repeated correspond to speed
control position of 75% and 50%.
5.0 DATA AND RESULTS
Test 1

Pump efficiency = 50%, Pump speed, N = 1439 rpm, Angular Velocity, ω = 150.69 rad/s

Input Output

Water Volume Flow Discharge Water Efficiency

Height Shaft Power Rate Inlet Pressure Pressure Head (%)
(mm) Torque (100%)
kW HP L/Min m3/s mH2O N/m psi N/m2 Output
No (Nm) 2 Power (W)
1 0.0 0.6 0.09 0.121 0 0.0000 0.2 196 9.0 62052.84 6.13 0.000 0.00
0 2
2 55.0 1.1 0.16 0.222 60 0.0010 0.1 981 8.0 55158.08 5.52 54.177 32.68
6
3 62.0 1.2 0.18 0.242 80 0.0013 0.0 0 7.0 48263.32 4.92 64.351 35.59
1
4 67.0 1.3 0.19 0.263 98 0.0016 -0.1 -981 6.0 41368.56 4.32 69.171 35.31
6
5 71.0 1.4 0.21 0.283 114 0.0019 -0.2 - 5.0 34473.8 3.71 69.228 32.81
1 1962
6 75.0 1.4 0.21 0.283 131 0.0022 -0.3 - 4.0 27579.04 3.11 66.640 31.59
1 2943
7 78.0 1.5 0.22 0.303 144 0.0024 -0.6 - 3.0 20684.28 2.71 63.769 28.21
6 5886
 8 80.0 1.5 0.22 0.303 153 0.0026 -0.8 - 2.0 13789.52 2.21 55.176 24.41
6 7848
Table 2: Table of Test 1

Test 2

Pump efficiency = 75%, Pump speed, N = 2178 rpm, Angular Velocity, ω = 228.08 rad/s

Input Output

Water Volume Flow Water Head Efficiency

Height Shaft Power Rate Inlet Pressure Discharge Pressure (100%) Output Power (W) (%)
Torque
(mm) kW HP L/Min m3/s mH2O N/m2 psi N/m2
No (Nm)

1 0.0 1.1 0.251 0.336 0 0.0000 0.2 1962 20.0 137895.20 13.857 0.00 0

2 68.0 2.2 0.502 0.673 102 0.0017 -0.1 -981 18.0 124105.68 12.751 212.65 42.38

3 75.0 2.5 0.570 0.764 131 0.0022 -0.3 -2943 16.0 110316.16 11.545 247.28 43.37

4 79.0 2.6 0.593 0.795 148 0.0025 -0.8 -7848 14.0 96526.64 10.640 257.46 43.42

5 83.0 2.8 0.639 0.856 168 0.0028 -0.9 -8829 12.0 82737.12 9.334 256.39 40.15

6 88.0 2.9 0.661 0.887 194 0.0032 -1.2 -11772 10.0 68947.60 8.228 260.99 39.46

7 90.0 3.0 0.684 0.917 205 0.0034 -1.4 -13734 8.0 55158.08 7.023 235.38 34.40

8 93.0 3.0 0.684 0.917 223 0.0037 -1.8 -17658 6.0 41368.56 6.017 219.38 32.06

9 94.0 3.1 0.707 0.948 228 0.0038 -1.9 -18639 4.0 27579.04 4.711 175.63 24.84
 10 95.0 3.1 0.707 0.948 235 0.0039 -2.0 -19620 3.0 20684.28 4.108 157.86 22.33
Table 3: Table of Test 2

Test 3
Pump efficiency = 100% Pump speed, N = 2945 rpm Angular Velocity, ω = 308.4 rad/s

Input Output Efficiency

(%)
Water Volume Flow Discharge Water Head Output Power
Height Shaft Power Rate Inlet Pressure Pressure (100%) (W)
Torque
(mm) kW HP L/Min m3/s mH2O N/m2 psi N/m2
No (Nm)
1 0.0 1.8 0.555 0.744 0 0.0000 0.2 1962 37.0 255106.12 25.80 0.00 0.00
2 74.0 3.5 1.079 1.447 126 0.0021 0.2 1962 34.0 234421.84 23.70 488.17 45.23
3 82.0 3.9 1.203 1.612 163 0.0027 -0.9 -8829 31.0 213737.56 22.69 604.64 50.27
4 88.0 4.2 1.295 1.736 193 0.0032 -1.2 -11772 28.0 193053.28 20.88 658.85 50.87
5 92.0 4.5 1.388 1.860 216 0.0036 -1.8 -17658 25.0 172369.00 19.37 684.10 49.29
6 95.0 4.6 1.419 1.902 235 0.0039 -2.0 -19620 22.0 151684.72 17.46 670.94 47.29
7 99.0 4.8 1.480 1.984 260 0.0043 -2.5 -24525 19.0 131000.44 15.85 673.94 45.53
8 102.0 4.9 1.511 2.026 280 0.0047 -2.8 -27468 16.0 110316.16 14.05 642.99 42.55
9 104.0 5 1.542 2.067 295 0.0049 -3.0 -29430 13.0 89631.88 12.14 585.39 37.96
10 107.0 5.1 1.573 2.108 317 0.0053 -3.2 -31392 10.0 68947.60 10.23 530.13 33.71
11 108.0 5.2 1.604 2.150 324 0.0054 -3.7 -36297 7.0 48263.32 8.62 456.63 28.47
12 109.0 5.3 1.635 2.191 330 0.0055 -3.8 -37278 6.0 41368.56 8.02 432.56 26.46
Table 4: Table of Test 3
5.1 SAMPLE CALCULATION
Input Output

Efficiency
Water Output
(%)
Volume Flow Discharge Head Power

Water Shaft Power Rate Inlet Pressure Pressure (100%) (W)

Height Torque kW HP L/Min m3/s mH2O N/m2 psi N/m2

No (mm) (Nm)

4 67.0 1.3 0.196 0.263 98 0.0016 -0.1 -981 6.0 41368.56 4.32 69.171 35.31

1. Pump Speed, N = 1439 rpm

𝑘𝑔
2. Density, ρ = 1000 ⁄𝑚3

3. Gravitational Acceleration

𝑚
Constant, g = 9.81 ⁄𝑠2

4. 1 Horsepower = 746 Watt

5. Angular Velocity, ω = 150.69 rad/s

Shaft Power, Ẇ shaft

Ẇ shaft = 𝑇𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 × ω

Ẇ shaft = 1.3 × 150.69 rad/s

Ẇ shaft = 196 Watts or 0.263 HP

Volume Flow Rate, Q

Water level is given at 67mm will obtain a 98L/min when referring to 90°Vee
Notch Calibration.
Inlet and Discharge Pressure

Water Head, ℎ𝑝 :

Power Output, 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 ;

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄ℎ𝑝

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1000) (9.81) (0.0016) (4.32)

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 69.171 Watts

Efficiency, η;

η = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 × 100%

Ẇ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
η= × 100%

η = 35.31%

Water Head,hp and Efficiency,n (%) vs Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

40

35
Water Head,hp and Efficiency,n (%)

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

Water Head,hp Efficiency

Figure 4: Graph 1 of test 1 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate.

Water Head,hp and Effi ciency,n (%) vs Volume Flow Rate,

Q (m3/s)
50
Water Head Efficiency
45
Water Head,hp and Efficiency,n (%)

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

Figure 5: Graph 2 of test 2 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate.
Water Head,hp and Effi ciency,n (%) vs Volume Flow Rate,
Q (m3/s)
60

Water Head Efficiency

Water Head,hp and Efficiency,n (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.01
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

Figure 6: Graph 3 of test 3 Water Head and Efficiency vs Volume Flow Rate.

Shaft Power (BHP) vs Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

2.5

2
Shaft Power (BHP)

1.5

0.5

0
0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.01
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/s)

Shaft Power (BHP) at 50% Shaft Power (BHP) at 75% Shaft Power (BHP) at 100%
Figure 7: Graph 4 of test 4 Shaft Power vs Volume Flow Rate
6.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

6.1 EIZMIR HANS BIN ROAHIZAN (2020899308)

6.2 IMAN SUFFIAN BIN WAKHI ANUAR (2020810326)
6.3 HARIZ SAUFI BIN MOHD SUMARI (2020483594)
6.4 ILYASA’ HAKIM BIN FAUZI (2020816538)
7.0 REFERENCES

1. The Process Piping. (2018, January 2). Retrieved from

https://www.theprocesspiping.com/introduction-to-pumps/

2. Gardner Denver (2021). Retrieved from

https://www.gardnerdenver.com/en-my/knowledge-hub/articles/centrifugal-pump-
technology-explained

3. Centrifugal Pumps. (2021). Engineering Library. Retrieved at 10 November 2021 from

https://engineeringlibrary.org/reference/centrifugal-pumps-fluid-flow-doe-handbook