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Frequency Discriminator: Analog Communication

This document discusses three types of frequency discriminators used in FM demodulation: the simple slope detector, balanced slope detector, and Foster-Seeley discriminator. The simple slope detector consists of a tuned circuit whose response curve is used to convert frequency variations to amplitude variations. The balanced slope detector uses two slope detectors connected back-to-back to improve performance. The Foster-Seeley discriminator is also known as a phase-shift discriminator and uses a double-tuned transformer to produce an output voltage that varies with input frequency deviation. These discriminators are used to demodulate FM signals by converting frequency variations to voltage variations in radio receivers.

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Anjali Gupta
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121 views

Frequency Discriminator: Analog Communication

This document discusses three types of frequency discriminators used in FM demodulation: the simple slope detector, balanced slope detector, and Foster-Seeley discriminator. The simple slope detector consists of a tuned circuit whose response curve is used to convert frequency variations to amplitude variations. The balanced slope detector uses two slope detectors connected back-to-back to improve performance. The Foster-Seeley discriminator is also known as a phase-shift discriminator and uses a double-tuned transformer to produce an output voltage that varies with input frequency deviation. These discriminators are used to demodulate FM signals by converting frequency variations to voltage variations in radio receivers.

Uploaded by

Anjali Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR

ANALOG COMMUNICATION
BY:
● ANJALI JAIN - 11500318111

● ANJALI GUPTA - 11500318112

● ANANYA SIL - 11500318113


INTRODUCTION:
● It is used to demodulate FM signal.
● In order to be able to demodulate FM it is necessary for the radio receiver to convert
the frequency variations into voltage variations.
● FM modulator should not be sensitive to amplitude variations.

● The resilience to noise is a major factor in providing low noise FM reception.

● There are several types of FM detector / demodulator that can be used.


TYPES OF FM DEMODULATORS
● SIMPLE SLOPE DETECTOR

● BALANCED SLOPE DETECTOR

● FOSTER SEELEY (CENTER TUNED) DISCRIMINATOR


SIMPLE SLOPE DETECTOR:
● An FM slope detector consists of a tuned circuit
● the centre frequency of the circuit is tuned to a frequency slightly
offset from the carrier of the signal
● Thus, the frequency modulated signal sits on the slope of the
response curve, giving rise to the name of FM slope detector.
● As the frequency of the signals varies up and down in frequency
according to its modulation, so the signal moves up and down the
slope of the tuned circuit response curve.
● This causes the amplitude of the signal to vary in line with the
frequency variations. In fact at this point the signal has both
frequency and amplitude variations.
● The slope of the curve is α = deAM/dw.
BALANCED SLOPE DETECTOR:
● The balanced slope detector is also known as the Travis detector,
the triple-tune discriminator, and as the amplitude discriminator.
● The circuit uses two slope detectors. They are connected back to
back, to the opposite ends of a center-tapped transformer, and
hence fed 180° out of phase.
● The top secondary circuit is tuned above the IF by an amount
which, in FM receivers with a deviation of 75 kHz, is 100 kHz.
● The bottom circuit is similarly tuned below the IF by the same
amount.
● Each tuned circuit is connected to a diode detector with an RC
load.
● The output is taken from across the series combination of the two
loads, so that it is the sum of the individual outputs
FOSTER SEELEY DISCRIMINATOR:
● This is also known as the PHASE-SHIFT DISCRIMINATOR.
● It uses a double-tuned rf transformer.
● These amplitude variations are then rectified and filtered to
provide a dc output voltage.
● The output voltage is 0 when the input frequency is equal to the
carrier frequency (fr).
● When the input frequency rises above the center frequency, the
output increases in the positive direction.
● When the input frequency drops below the center frequency, the
output increases in the negative direction.
GRAPHS:
● FOSTER SEELEY DISCRIMINATOR:
● SIMPLE SLOPE DETECTOR:

● BALANCED SLOPE DETECTOR:


APPLICATIONS:
In order to be able to demodulate FM it is necessary for the radio receiver to convert
the frequency variations into voltage variations - it is a frequency to voltage converter.
When the carrier frequency deviates to the lower end of the frequency range over which
it deviates a lower voltage may be produced, then as it deviates higher in frequency, a
higher voltage is produced.

This is the use of FM discriminators in our daily lives. It is used to demodulate all kinds
of FM signals, generally sound signals.
CONCLUSION:
After studying about the FM discriminators in detail we conclude that all
three types of FM discriminator have several disadvantages. To overcome
these disadvantages we have developed the three FM discriminators
REFERENCES:
● https://www.ques10.com/p/37195/foster-seelay-discriminator-method-also-known-as-p/

● https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/fm-frequency-demodulation-f
oster-seeley-detector-discriminator.php

● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%E2%80%93Seeley_discriminator

● https://www.daenotes.com/electronics/communication-system/fm-balanced-slope-detector

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