Course

LM01-NSTP
Packet

02 0001

Learning Module

National Service
Training Program
Course Packet 02

Drug Education

Knowledge Area Code : NSTP

Course Code : NSTP001
Learning Module Code : LM- NSTP0001
Course Packet Code : LM- NSTP0001-02

Learning Module: Introduction to Public Administration 1

 Course Packet 02
Course Packet 02

Drug Education

Introduction

Through this Learning Packet, you will have a clearer view on the nature of ‚drugs‛, its
classification, causes and effects, as well as an orientation on RA 9165. This will provide a
discussion on the role of the government, the school and the youth in the control and
prevention of drug abuse.

Objectives
After completing this Learning Packet you are expected to explore the nature and effects of
drugs abuse and substances on personal health and social relationships.

Learning Management System

The instructor who will handle this course will be the one who will give the Google
Classroom code for the usage of the whole class.

Duration
Four (4) hours is allotted for this packet and will be breakdown into self-directed learning
with practical exercises and synchronic discussion.

 Topic 01: Nature of drugs, Causes and Effects of Drug Abuse, Orientation on RA 9165, The
Youth and the Government’s Response

Delivery Mode
Online delivery mode (synchronous and asynchronous)

Assessment with Rubrics

Google Form questionnaire test

Requirement with Rubrics

To complete the learning packet you have to make sure you have accomplished all the
requirements you are asked to submit.

Readings
Here are the readings that you can go through to make a deeper understanding of the
discussion.

To differentiate the different kinds of drugs, you can browse:

 Dangerous drugs Act of 1972
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1972/ra_6425_1972.html
 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2002/06/07/republic-act-no-9165/

Learning Module: National Service Training Program 1

 Pre-Assessment

Answer the following questions by choosing the BEST answer.

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1. An Act instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, and repealing
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972.

a. RA 9165 c. RA 9162

b. RA 9163 d. RA 9161

2. The dangerous drug commonly used by most Filipinos

a. Marijuana c. ecstacy

b. Shabu d. rugby

3. The agency responsible to carry out the provisions of Republic Act 9165 known as
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

a. PDEA c. CHED

b. DDB d. TESDA

4. The body responsible in making policies and formulating strategies and programs
on drug prevention and control

a. PDEA c. CHED

b. DDB d. TESDA

5. An activity where drugs are spread or sold for consumption from one location

to another.

a. drug trafficking c. drug dependent

b. drug lord d. drug distribution

6. The commonly abused drugs in the country and in the Asia Pacific Region.

a. Shabu and marijuana c. all of the above

b. Ecstacy and cough syrup d. rugby, nail polish, acetone

7. The modes of drug transfer used by foreign nationals in drug trafficking.

a. FedEx Shipment, mail and parcels

b. Compartment, luggage, body packing and container vans

c. All of the above

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 d. Door to door delivery

8. The most common place where dangerous drugs are mostly seized.
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a. Seaports, airports

b. Economic lines and Philippine coastlines

c. All of the above

d. By motorcycle, car and bus transportation

9. The group of substances that are distributed to destroy health.

a. Dangerous drugs c. substance

b. Controlled precursor d. vitamins/medicines

10. The early signs of individuals who are affected by dangerous drugs, except one.

a. Irritable, discourteous, aggressive

b. Untrustworthy, prefer barkadas, nausea, vomiting

c. Good grooming

d. Curly, colored hairstyle

11. Based on statistics of 2017, the ratio of male to female drug abuser is_

a. 13:1 c. 10:1

b. 8:1 d. 9:2

12. The number one source of dangerous drug in the Philippines

a. India c. China

b. Thailand d. Malaysia

13. The area that has the most number of drug abuse cases

a. Regions 1 and 2 c. NCR and Region 3

b. Regions 4 and 6 d. Regions 8 and 9

14. In terms of civil status, most of the drug abusers are

a. Single c. married

b. Separated d. widow/ widower

15. For a barangay to be classified as slightly affected by drugs

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 a. There is a reported presence of drug user/s

b. There is a reported presence of drug pusher/s

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c. There is a reported presence of clandestine drug laboratory, warehouse, marijuana

plantation

d. There is the presence of drug trafficking, or smuggling activities, and drug

personalities

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 Topic 01- Nature of drugs, Causes and Effects of
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Drug Abuse, Orientation on RA 9165, The Youth

and the Government’s Response

Key Points:
Lesson Proper
 Drug Abuse
 Comprehensive
Drug education program for the youth is a significant
Dangerous Drugs Act
undertaking in order to free them from danger and keep them  Dangerous Drugs
away from drugs. The youth of today comprise the most  REPUBLIC ACT 9165
vulnerable group that can be affected by prohibited drugs that
are commonly abused. According to General Edgar C.
Galvante, former Executive Director of the Dangerous Drugs
Board (DDB), most drug users start their habit early, usually Definition of Terms:

during their teenage years. They are particularly susceptible to DRUG is “any substance
the drug experience because adolescence is the period of that, when taken by/into a
living organism may
experimentation, exploration, curiosity, and search for identity.
modify one or more of its
It is believed that young people with problematic backgrounds functions”.
are more vulnerable and are more likely to continue abusing
Drug abuse is the use of
drugs, once they have started, and to develop other aggravating
chemical substance, licit
problems, if not processed. These young people in difficult or illicit, which results in
circumstances are associated with poverty, family an individual's physical,
mental or social
disintegration, relocation, discrimination, and lack of suitable impairment.
alternative activities.

Drug abuse prevention, done through problem awareness,

education and strategy implementation, is very vital to the
success in controlling and stopping drug abuse. Positive
behavior, including the constructive handling of feelings and
responsibilities, should be called and encouraged in our own
families during the early life of young family members and
carried on up to the later stage of life. These should be nurtured
by a caring and understanding community.

It has been known that the foremost reason why our youth in
dragged into the abyss of drug abuse is the lack of guidance
from the family itself. There are aspects to this reason. First,
maybe the parents are too busy with their jobs, giving less time
to their children. Second, parents have not finished schooling,

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 making them less informed and less aware of the effects of
drugs. Third, the type of discipline of the parents includes
physical violence, thus, in most cases in the Philippines, drives
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away the kid from home

The second most predominant reason adolescence is the period where wants exceed
necessities. A teenager spends more time with friends or peers rather than at home. It is the
stage where a youngster has continuing searching of identity and place in the society. The
influence of the peers, either friends or activity partners, has been proven as a strong force of
initiation into drug addiction among the youth.

A drug addict is generally an emotionally unstable individual before he or she acquires the
habit. The person cannot face painful situations without help. He has little or no self-control.
He or she hates physical, mental or moral sufferings. Every individual cannot stand alone, as
we say it.

A person will try to use drugs if a friend insists, for the sake of friendship. This weakness is a
predator and hard to dismantle for most teenagers.

Truly, drug abuse is a predator, a monster that preys on innocent, curious mind like those of
the teenagers. Hence, this module zeroes in on uncovering problem of drug abuse among the
youngsters and on finding ways and means by which this societal menace could be lessened,
if not totally annihilated.

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 Frequently Asked Questions about the Nature of Drug and Drug Abuse

1. What is a drug?
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- A drug is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional or behavioral

change in a person taking it.

How are drugs taken?

a. Ingestion d. Used as suppository
b. Inhalation e. Applied topically
c. Injection

2. When are drugs harmful?

- Any drug may be harmful when taken in excess. Some drugs can also be harmful if
taken in dangerous combinations or by hypersensitive (allergic) person in ordinary or
even small dosage.

3. Why do people turn to drugs?

- There are various reasons - ranging from the reason that "medicines" can solve
problems, to widespread access to various drugs, to "peer pressure," to the notion
that drugs give enjoyment to users and in the context that it is used as an alcoholic
substitute.

4. What is drug abuse?

- Drug abuse is the use of chemical substance, licit or illicit, which results in an
individual's physical, mental or social impairment. It may refer to any of the
following practices:
a. Using, without benefit or prescription, useful drugs which have the capacity to alter
mood or behavior;
b. Using drugs and substances for a purpose different from the one for which the drug
has been prescribed; and
c. Using drugs and substances having no legitimate medical application for purposes
other than research.

5. Are there products other than drugs ever abused?

- Substances like glue, paint thinners, gasoline and other volatile (breathable) solvents
contain a variety of dangerous chemicals. They should be sold and used with caution.

6. What are the types of drugs?

- Drugs that are commonly abused, depending on pharmacological effects, may be
classified into:
a. Stimulants. Drugs which increase alertness and physical disposition
Examples amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine

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 a. Hallucinogens (Paychedelics). Drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness
and emotion. Changes in time and space perception, delusions (false beliefs) and
hallucinations may be mild or overwhelming, depending on dose and quantity of the
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drug.
Examples: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) mescaline, and marijuana
b. Sedatives. Drugs which may reduce anxiety and excitement
Examples: Barbiturates, non-barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol
d. Narcotics. Drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep
Examples: Opium and its derivatives such as morphine, heroin, codeine

7. What is a drug abuser?

- Anyone can be a drug abuser. Drug abuse is no respecter of age, sex and social status.
It is very difficult to come up with an accurate profile of a drug abuser that can be
applied to all because people are different in many ways.

8. How can you tell when one is abusing drugs?

- A lot of changes - in behavior, in appearance and in mood - occur in a person who is
abusing drugs. Sudden changes occur in the person's disposition from pleasant to
unpleasant.
-
The individual:
a. is often associated with known drug abusers;
b. is irritable, discourteous, defiant and aggressive;
e. C. is untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence;
c. is unhealthy and unconcerned with good grooming
d. has low frustration tolerance;
e. lacks interest in his/her studies or work;
f. blames everybody but not himself/herself for his problems;
g. develops changes in normal capabilities in school/work; and
h. borrows money and at times steals various items unusually.

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 Educating the youth about drugs is an indispensable way of keeping them aware of the
danger that drug dependency may bring. It is the youth that frequently becomes easy prey of
prohibited drugs. They can easily be encouraged by peers and they are the most defenseless
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groups that can be affected by prohibited drugs.

From the definition of World Health Organization, a ‚drug‛ is ‚any substance that, when
taken by/into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions‛.

Misuse of drugs may occur when an individual needs to fulfill a need. One of the most
common is when an athlete takes steroids to improve skills. Drug abuse occurs when there is
an unwarranted use of it or when there is over use beyond its medical purpose.

Based on Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, dangerous drugs include those listed
in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by
the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on
Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex which is an integral part of this
Act.

As stated in the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, ‚dangerous drugs‛ refers to either:

1. Prohibited drug - which includes opium and its active components and
derivatives, and other substances producing similar effects.
2. Regulated drug –includes self- inducing sedatives or any other compound
producing similar physiological effects.

A drug is ‚abused‛ when a person uses it excessively and indiscriminately beyond its real
medicinal purpose, thus begins to interfere with individual‘s health or his social behavior.

Drug dependence, on the other hand, is a state of psychological and/or physical dependence
on a dangerous drug, following periodic or continuous use of that drug to achieve the desired
effect.

a. Tolerance- a form of physical drug dependence that occurs when the user becomes
‚immune‛, thus an increase in the dosage is required in order to achieve its pharmacological
effect. However, when use of the drug is stopped, drug withdrawal may result, which is
characterized by nausea, headaches, restlessness, sweating and difficulty in sleeping.
b. Habituation- a form of psychological drug dependence that is characterized by a
continued desire for a drug, even after physical dependence is gone.
c. Addiction- This follows habituation, when the person is experiencing a severe
craving for the substance and interferes with a person’s ability to function normally.

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 Common Causes of Drug Abuse

Drug abuse is not merely a national problem but international as well. Although, it was
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suggested that it may be biological, it cannot be denied that more often than not it is caused
by the person’s environment. Drug addiction is not caused by a single cause but rather a
combination of various factors. Some of these causes are the following:

1. Peer pressure- If one is to join in a ‚barkada‛ whose members are drug addicts,
most likely that the new members will ultimately become drug addict as well.
2. Overuse – A drug may be taken by a patient as a pain reliever but because of
continuous use, the patient becomes addicted to it. Others practice self –
medication, thus causing overuse.
3. Curiosity- Others maybe curious on the effects of drug, thus, they try to
experiment on it, until they become accustomed to it.
4. Recreational Experimentation – Some persons just want to have fun so they try to
use drugs during parties. Unknowingly, they get hooked to it.
5. Boredom- affluent families who need not work for a living can become oftentimes
idle. This causes them to find other ways to spend their free time and they try to
take drugs.
6. Stress- one common problem faced by some people and the youth in particular is
stress. Others turn to drugs to relieve from mental or physical stress as a way to
deal with this everyday situation.
7. Accessibility of Drugs- Availability of drugs can temp people to try them.
8. Problem of Tension- People who are always feeling nervous in facing people
would try to take drugs to overcome their shyness. Sooner or later they become
addicted to it.
9. Trauma- This maybe physical or mental trauma. Both of these may bring anxiety
to the person. A person who experienced sexual abuse or physical abuse may
develop nervousness. To overcome this suffering, they try to resort to drugs.
10. Frustration- Persons who experience frustrations are most likely to take drugs to
diminish the effects of their despair. These frustrations may come from broken
homes, unemployment, failure in school, love in distraught and many more. To
escape from this, drugs become a way to numb the agony that these frustrations
bring.

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 Commonly Abused Drugs

Drugs that are commonly abused depending on their pharmacological effects may be
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classified into:

1. Stimulants- also called as ‚uppers‛, any of a group of drugs that excite the central
nervous system. It increases attentiveness, suppress fatigue, reduces hunger, and has an
immediate sensual effect. Examples: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine,
methamphetamine(Shabu)
2. Sedatives (Depressants)- also called ‚downers or ‚barbs‛ that decreases the different
bodily functions. It may diminish anxiety or excitement. It may induce sleep. Examples
are sleeping pills, tranquilizer, alcohol, valium, barbiturates, non- barbiturates
3. Hallucinogens-also called psychedelics are drugs which affect sensation, thinking,
self-awareness, and emotion. Examples are LSD, ecstacy, ketamine, and Marijuana
4. Narcotics- drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. If taken in large doses, they
can produce stupor, coma and death. Examples are opium and its derivatives such as
morphine, codeine and heroin
5. Inhalants – a volatile chemical substances that contain- psycho- active vapors that
produce a state of intoxication. They are usually sniffed through the nose. Examples are
rugby or solvent, contact cement
6. Anabolic Steroids- chemical substances taken orally or injected into the body that
temporarily enhance physical and mental performance and develop muscles. Example
of this is dianabol.

Effects of Drug Abuse

Those who abuse drugs believe that this addicting habit does not pose any effect. However,
for others, this abuse can cause damage to the abuser. Remember, ‚drugs‛ is a chemical and
may affect the body and the brain. The effects can still continue even when the person has
stopped taking the drugs.

1. Personal Health- A weakened immune system, increasing the risk of illness and
infection, heart conditions ranging from abnormal heart rates to heart attacks and
collapsed veins and blood vessel infections from injected drugs, nausea and abdominal
pain, which can also lead to changes in appetite and weight loss, increased strain on the
liver, which puts the person at risk of significant liver damage or liver failure, seizures,
stroke, mental confusion and brain damage, lung disease, problems with memory,
attention and decision-making, which make daily living more difficult.
2. Relationships – domestic violence, trust issues, family conflicts, anger, child abuse,
marital conflicts
3. Behavior- paranoia, aggressiveness, hallucinations, impaired judgement,

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 impulsiveness, loss of self-control
4. Social Functioning- Drugs can affect school life, financial or employment difficulties,
disrupted friendship, law and order
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Figure 1. Effects of Drug Abuse

Observable Signs and Symptoms of a Person Taking Drugs

1. Change in Behavior or Personality Shifts- Those who are obedient, kind, and
courteous tend to become irritable, discourteous, rebellious and violent, change in over-
all attitude.
2. Change in Eating Habits- A decrease or increase in appetite, unexplained weight loss
or weight gain.
3. Change in Physical Appearance- Puffy face, blushing or paleness, change in personal
grooming habits.
4. Change in interest- At home, loss of interest in family and family activities, change of
hobbies.
5. Chronic dishonesty- Unexplained need for money, stealing.

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 REPUBLIC ACT 9165

This is an instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, repealing Republic
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Act No 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended, providing
funds therefore, and for other purposes. This Act which is a consolidation of the Senate Bill
No. 1858 and the House Bill No. 4433 was passed by the Senate and the House of
Representatives on May 30, 2002 and May 29, 2002 respectively. It was signed in June 7, 2002,
published in June 19, 2002 and took effect on July 4, 2002.

Republic Act 9165 was created to provide stiffer penalties to offenders. One of the features of
this Act is the creation of PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency) which serves as the
implementing arm of the Board and shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law
enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical as provided in the Act.

The PDEA shall have the following Services: Intelligence and investigation, International
Cooperation and Foreign Affairs, Preventive Education and Community Involvement, Plans
and Operations, Compliance, Legal and Prosecution, Administrative and Human resource,
Financial Management, Logistics Management and Internal Affairs.

RA 9165 serves as a guide in the implementation of dangerous drug prevention and control in
the country. It guides everyone in the right approach towards issues geared against drug
activities.

1. What are the common responsibilities of CHED and TESDA? RA 9165 Article IV:
a. Provide continuing in-service training of teachers on the effective utilization
of the support instructional materials and on- teaching strategies on drug
education.
b. Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and overall impact of
drug education program.
c. Secure funds from local and foreign donors for the implementation of the
drug education program.

2. What are the other functions of CHED and TESDA regarding drug abuse prevention?
 The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is responsible for enriching
and updating the integration of dangerous drug prevention concepts in the general
education of all higher education course offerings and in the professional subjects,
especially in health related and science teacher education courses.
 TESDA on the other hand is responsible for integrating drug abuse
prevention concepts in the technical, vocational and agro-industrial courses and in
appropriate instructional materials for technical education and skills development.

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 3. Should drug abuse prevention and control be part of the school curricula?
 Yes, RA 9195 Article 4 Sec 43 stated that instruction on drug abuse
prevention and control shall be integrated in the elementary, secondary and tertiary
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curricula of all public and private schools, whether general, technical, vocational or
agro-industrial as well as in non-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems.

PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS

Based on the data presented by Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS

(Facility Based CY 2017)

• AGE : Mean age of 31 years

• SEX : Ratio of male and female 10:1
• CIVIL STATUS : Single 53.52%
• STATUS OF EMPLOYMENT : Unemployed 45.96%
• EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT : High School Level 27.32%
• ECONOMIC STATUS : Average Monthly Family Income Php
12,337.57
• PLACE OF RESIDENCE : Urban (Specifically NCR 43.31%)
• DURATION OF DRUG USE : More than 6 years
• NATURE OF DRUG TAKING : Mono drug use**
• DRUGS/SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE :
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
Cannabis (Marijuana)
Contact Cement (Rugby)
*Residential and Out-Patient Facilities
**Mono drug users - abuse of one (1) drug only

Figure 2. Profile of Drug Abusers

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 The Youth and the Government’s Response to the Drug Problem

The youth is the prime mover in the country. The role they play in solving the nation’s
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problem cannot be discounted. They have the ability and capacity to impact the society. On
the problem on drug abuse, they can be steadfast in keeping the country move onward, but
they are also the most vulnerable. Therefore, the government is doing its best in keeping the
youth away from this problem.

However, drug abuse problem is not the sole concern of the government. It is everybody’s
concern. For its part, the government has legislated Dangerous drugs Act of 1972 and the
implementation of RA 9165 Comprehensive dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

More so, different sectors of the society are working hand in hand in the prevention of drug
menace before it starts. Information and education campaign is being done to make sure that
the youth is well informed. There are also agencies that help in providing support to the new
drug users thru counseling and education. Others provide treatment thru rehabilitation and
medical care for health damage.

The school for its part has important roles to play. It can take up drug education by stressing
on the wicked effects of drug abuse. It can work cooperatively with parents to make sure that
the students do not become victims of drug abuse. On the other hand, the teacher can assist
the school by being vigilant in watching over their students.

The role of the youth in the nation building is crucial. They are problem solvers, have a
positive influence in other young people and the nation, and are extremely ambitious. They
have the ability to create an identify for themselves and move the nation forward.

A. Legislation for illicit drug control

3. 1972 - The Dangerous Drug Act was established
4. 2002 - The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act was implemented.
- The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency was established.
- An integrated drug abuse data information network was created to
monitor the drug abuse/use.

B. Government Response to the Problem

1. Preventive education programs
2. Treatment and rehabilitation programs
3. Intensified campaigns against illegal drugs and trafficking
4. Judicial and legislative measures
5. National, regional and international cooperation to fight illegal trafficking and abuse
of dangerous drugs
6. Drug testing
7. Drug Information and Action Line

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 C. 10 Ways to Say No to Drugs
1. Be vocal, just say "NO" to drugs and mean it.
2. Project an image of a clean living for yourself.
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3. Get into sports.

4. Choose your friend and influence them positively.
5. Get involved into community-based projects.
6. Join organizations (church, school, community, or social ) or youth clubs or form
your drama group.
7. Learn how to manage stress.
8. Join seminars on anti-drug abuse prevention.
9. Talk to your family, listen to the problems of your sisters and brothers.
10. Enhance your talent and skills by taking part on workshops, trainings, or seminars.

What about the STUDENTS?

 Be well informed about the effects of drugs. It should be clear to students that the
effects of drugs are irreversible.
 Love yourself
 Know that you have your family and friend that are ready to listen and support you
 Engage in worthwhile activities. Keep yourself busy with something productive.
 Be involved in fight against drugs

As responsible youth of today, be strong and always remember:

S-teadfast personality
T-rustworthy in words and deeds
R-espectable in relating with others
N-oble character
G-ustly actions and ideals

BUT if you are into it, there is HOPE. Reach out. There is always a second chance.

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