Public

Administration

Ordonio, Eunice Pauline

Cardinal, Joylyn

Noval, Dona Marie

Mendoza, Justine

Cristino, Angel A.
Public Administration
➢ Importance of Public Administration
➢ The Meaning of Public Administration
➢ What is Management?
➢ Public Administration and Private Administration Distinguished
➢ The Role of Public Administration in Governmental Organization
➢ The Impact of Information Technology on Public Administration
➢ Bureaucracy
➢ Graft and Corruption

What is Public Administration?

-Public administration, the implementation of government policies. Specifically, it
is the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of government
operations.

Importance Of Public Administration

- Public Administration helps to address issues, this includes sustenance of
economic growth, promotion of social development and facilitating infrastructure
development. They also protect the environment to maintain and public-private
partnership among other technologically advanced nations of the world.

What is Management?
- Is the act of handling, directing, deciding or exercising control and supervision
on some functions of the organization.
- In Management, the term “manager” refers to an administrator, an executive or
simply a decision maker.

Public Administration and Private Administration Distinguished

What is Public Administration?

- Public Administration in the field of study is concerned with the systematic
application of public policies and programs formulated by the state. It relates to the
administrative functions carried out by the government. It focuses on providing services
to the general public to ensure a good and safe life for people.

What is Private Administration?

- Private Administration is the management and organization of private business
enterprises. This is an administrative purpose carried out by private individuals, a team,
or a group to profit. It is a business activity that is non-political in a landscape.
What is Role of Public Administration?

Ahead of the role in public administration, it will deal with such areas as sustained
economic growth, the betterment of social development, simplifying infrastructure
development and safeguarding the environment, improving public-private partnerships,
managing development projects, and retaining a legal framework for development.

Organization Climate
-is a construct referring to the shared meaning attached to an organization’s policies,
practices, and measures that are associated with the employee experience.

Organizational climate can be organized into four different categories:

a. People-oriented
b. Rule-oriented
c. Innovation-oriented
d. goal-oriented.

Characteristics of a healthy organization

1. Objectives are widely shared by the members and there is a strong and consistent flow
of energy Toward those objectives.
2.The judgement of people lower down in the organization is respected.
3.When there is a crisis, the people Band together in work until the crisis departs.
4. Relationship are honest. People p care on one another And do not feel alone.
5." What can we learn from each mistake?"

Characteristics of an unhealthy organization

1. Little personnel investment in organizational Objectives except at top Level's.

2. The judgement of people lower down in the organization is not respected Outside the
narrow Limits of their job.
3. When there is a crisis, People withdraw and start blaming each other.
4. One mistake and you're out
5. People swallow their Frustrations " I can do nothing; it is their responsibility to save the
ship"

Impact of Information Technology on Public Administration

The breakthrough of information technology in public administration has tremendously

influenced the efficiency of the organization. Today, the technology of data processing is
changing very rapidly.

Mechanization of Clerical Work

One of the primaries aims of computers has occurred in the mechanization of routinary
clerical work, sometimes referred to (often erroneously) as automatic Automation
indicates the idea of the machine correcting its errors through feedback control organized
on data grids or circuits but not all mechanization in clerical work is in the sectors of
inventory in control.

Coordination of Complex Operations

In the United States, the corporation's work for the Air Force concerning "real-time
process in which the computer is an aspect of a huge equipment complex which imposes
a continual timely the response is an example of the use of computers in the manipulation
of complex operations.

Information Storage
The storage of data in computer "memories" has been encouraged by the development
and perfection of magnetic tape whose application is diverse.

Processing of Research Data

Today, it is apparent for a computer to do in a few minutes, statistical operations which
once required days or even months of manual time.
Management by Exception
This is one of the solutions for too much data which ensures that decision-makers obtain
only information that calls for attention. An automated machine corrects its mistakes
without human intervention by the progression of data built into the system.

Law Enforcement and Reporting of Personal Data

The expansion of computer-based reporting systems encompassing information about
the personal circumstances and individual activities of men is distant. This is an
undertaking that causes anxiety and apprehension to those who see it as penetration of
government into personal concerns, that cause questions of constitutional liberty and
privacy.

Bureaucracy
➢ What is Bureaucracy?
➢ Nature of Bureaucracy
➢ Purpose of Bureaucracy
➢ How Bureaucracy works in Philippines?
➢ Problems/issues in Philippine Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy
This is a system of authority, men, offices, and methods that the government uses to carry
out its programs.

Nature of Bureaucracy
The word "bureaucracy" in derived from the French word "bureau" which means office
and the Greek word "kratos" which means strength, power or mastery. It is the exercise
of power by officials appointed by the top leadership of government.

Purpose of Bureaucracy
A bureaucratic structure administers large-scale and coordination between many working
at different levels common goal.
How Bureaucracy works in Philippines?

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is

equally divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The
government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of check
and balance.

Graft and Corruption

➢ Graft and Corruption: Its nature and origin
➢ The difference between graft and corruption
➢ Causes of Graft and Corruption
➢ Forms of Graft and Corruption
➢ Prevalence of Graft and Corruption
➢ RA no. 3019 Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

Nature of Man

“Good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature” (Romans 7:18)
“By its fallen nature, man is morally weak”
A man is said to be morally weak if, while accepting a moral principle. that he should or
should not perform certain actions he fails to conform. to it, although it would be possible
for him to do so. (Cooper, 1968)

Graft and Corruption is morally evil. It is a moral perversion which is complex and exist
in any society throughout the world.

Moral Perversion
A moral pervert is a person who is a slave to patterns of thought and behavior that are
morally wrong (in violation of God's law and in conflict with the light that God has put
within us). Examples: liar, cheat, & thief.
Graft
Acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest or sordid means, especially through the
abuse of one’s position or influence in politics and business.

Corruption
Form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is undertaken by a person or an
organization which is entrusted with a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit
benefits or abuse power for one's personal gain.

Graft and Corruption in the Philippines

The Compadre syndrome contributes immensely to illegal practices that are based on the
exchange of the favors.
Main causes for corruption are according to the studies
(1) the size and structure of governments, (2) the democracy and the political system, (3)
the quality of institutions, (4) economic freedom/openness of economy, (5) salaries of civil
service, (6) press freedom and judiciary, (7) cultural determinants, (8) percentage of
women in the labor force and in parliament (9) colonial heritage and (10) the endowment
of natural resources. Corruption has an impact on (1) investment in general, (2) foreign
direct investment and capital inflows, (3) foreign trade and aid, (4) official growth, (5)
inequality, (6) government expenditure and services, and (7) shadow economy and crime.

Forms of Graft and Corruption

➢ On Money Matters

Malversion of fund- disbursing money for purposes other than the intended one
for which it is appropriated.

Bribery- such as paying trial court judge in order to receive a favor in the case
regardless of justice.

Gift money to a public official for the award of a project.

High percentage “cut” on project fund by an awarding official to the result that
only a small remaining percentage goes to the project.
 Not following plan specifications by contractors in construction projects in order
to get more profit.
Grease money “under the table” cash given to an official for quick processing
of papers.
Payroll- padding and ghost projects.

➢ Dereliction of Duty

Habitual tardiness in reporting to office work.

Unpreparedness for work due to negligence

Spending office hours for leisure

➢ Smuggling- secretly smuggling in of foreign goods to avoid the payment of tariff to

the government.

➢ Other forms

Demanding a job applicant to promise the first salary in exchange for the job.

Demanding a failing student to pay an amount of money for a passing grade.

Prevalence of Graft and Corruption

Factor in the Perpetration of Graft and Corruption:

• Poverty in the country

• Family Interest
• Low Salary
• Consumerism
• Excessive Discretionary powers
 • Split-level Christianity

Public bidding is the formal, public, and competitive procedure during which offers are
requested, received and evaluated for goods or services and after which the related
contract is awarded to the bidder that complies with the conditions specified in the notice
of invitation.

ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3019

It is the policy of the Philippine Government, in line with the principle that a public office
is a public trust, to repress certain acts of public officers and private persons alike which
constitute graft or corrupt practices.
Penalties for violations (Summary):
Imprisonment -Not less than one year nor more than ten years.
Disqualification - Perpetual disqualification from public office.
Confiscation - Forfeiture of questionable wealth or property.
Suspension of Benefits - He shall lose all retirement or gratuity benefits under any law.

Section 9. Penalties for violations. (a) Any public officer or private person committing
any of the unlawful acts or omissions enumerated in Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Act
shall be punished with imprisonment for not less than one year nor more than ten years,
perpetual disqualification from public office, and confiscation or forfeiture in favor of the
Government of any prohibited interest and unexplained wealth manifestly out of
proportion to his salary and other lawful income.

Any complaining party at whose complaint the criminal prosecution was initiated shall, in
case of conviction of the accused, be entitled to recover in the criminal action with priority
over the forfeiture in favor of the Government, the amount of money or the thing he may
have given to the accused, or the value of such thing.
(b) Any public officer violation any of the provisions of Section 7 of this Act shall be
punished by a fine of not less than one hundred pesos nor more than one thousand pesos,
or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at
the discretion of the Court.

The violation of said section proven in a proper administrative proceeding shall be

sufficient cause for removal or dismissal of a public officer, even if no criminal prosecution
is instituted against him.

Section 10. Competent court. Until otherwise provided by law, all prosecutions under
this Act shall be within the original jurisdiction of the proper Court of First Instance.

Section 11. Prescription of offenses. All offenses punishable under this Act shall
prescribe in ten years.

Section 12. Termination of office. No public officer shall be allowed to resign or retire
pending an investigation, criminal or administrative, or pending a prosecution against him,
for any offense under this Act or under the provisions of the Revised Penal Code on
bribery.

Section 13. Suspension and loss of benefits. Any public officer against whom any
criminal prosecution under a valid information under this Act or under the provisions of
the Revised Penal Code on bribery is pending in court, shall be suspended from office.
Should he be convicted by final judgment, he shall lose all retirement or gratuity benefits
under any law, but if he is acquitted, he shall be entitled to reinstatement and to the
salaries and benefits which he failed to receive during suspension, unless in the
meantime administrative proceedings have been filed against him.

“As long as greed is stronger than compassion, there will always be suffering.”
-Rusty Eric
 Glossary
Terms/Concepts to Understand

Abject - means absolutely miserable, the most unfortunate, with utter humiliation.
Administration- The process of managing or running something; the people who
manage something.
Allegiance - loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a
group or cause.
Alternative- one of two or more available possibilities.
Bureaucracy- A form of government or organization with a hierarchical structure of
officials, authority delegated from top to bottom, well-defined positions within the
structures, inflexible rules, and usually a fairly complicated administrative system.
Coordination - the organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so
as to enable them to work together effectively.
Corruption- Abuse of an official position for personal gain; dishonest behavior by
someone who holds official power.
Divulge - make known (private or sensitive information).
Efficiency - is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in
doing something or in producing a desired result.
Entrepreneur- a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking
on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Goal - the object of a person's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result.
Graft - corrupt practices used by public officials to unlawfully take public money; money
obtained by corruption.
Healthy Organization- is sustainable, responsible and balanced, learns quickly, works
on a sound economic basis, enables employees to achieve their own goals and create
outstanding values for the organization and the customers.
Hierarchy - a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above
the other according to status or authority.
Innovation - is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new
goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services.
Institutional Framework- refers to a law or other formal provision that assign primary
responsibility as well as the authority to an agency for the collection, processing, and
dissemination of the statistics.
Integration - the act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that
functions as one.
Prosecution - The act of prosecuting; the party prosecuting a case; a criminal action.
Separability Clause - In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.